Homebrewing - Knowledge

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process is often utilized by more advanced home brewers to enhance flavor. While not required, it is generally practiced by home brewers who wish to age or clarify their beer by removing it from the sediment left behind by primary fermentation, often through the addition of isinglass, colloidal silicon dioxide, or spakolloid. In addition to using two different fermenting containers, some home brewers may choose to only use one container in which primary and secondary fermentation take place. This container is usually referred to as a uni-tank. Uni-tanks are usually conical in shape, and can be made from plastic, glass, or stainless steel. A popular plastic conical for homebrewing is FastFerment, while a popular stainless steel conical fermenter for homebrewers is The Blichmann Fermenator.

1251:. There are two types of sparging. Fly sparging and batch sparging. Fly sparging involves rinsing the grain bed by adding small amounts of hot water to the top while draining equal amounts from the bottom. Batch sparging involves adding all or most of your sparge water at one time to the grain bed and slowly draining it from the bottom. The sparging process will also stop any further enzymatic activity if much hotter water is used; conversely the mash may be heated to around 80 °C (176 °F) to end such activity prior to placing it in the lauter-tun, and to prevent cooler grain from lowering the sparge water temperature to a lower than desirable figure. 1102:

complete (typically 60–90 minutes) the grain bag holding the spent grains is removed (lautering) and the bag is compressed to drain the wort from the grain ball. The all-grain brewing process then proceeds as normal: boiling, cooling, pitching and fermenting. Traditional mashing methods require three vessels and at least two heat sources. Brew in a bag has revolutionised home all-grain brewing as batch sizes of 9 to 45.5 litres (2.4 to 12.0 US gal) of wort into the fermenter are easily employed without any compromising on quality or versatility. A typical brew session using BIAB is typically 3 hours, not including fermentation.

1414: 1397: 48: 1079:. A few advanced kits may also come with a small amount of milled, malted grain that must be steeped with the wort before boiling. A grain bag is usually included to facilitate this process. These additional grains help add different character to the beer so that a single extract can be used to brew several varieties of beer. A full boil is required, with hop additions at different times depending on style. A typical brew session using extract typically takes 2 hours, not including fermentation. 1598: 1088:

may not require a boil at all, though this may increase the risk of off flavors in the resulting beer due to contamination from bacteria and wild yeasts. While some feel the quality of beer from these kits can be on par with commercial beer or homebrew made from other methods, others feel that pre-hopped extract provides hop bitterness with little flavor and bouquet. A typical brew session using pre-hopped ingredients may take less than an hour, not including fermentation.

1157: 361: 1496:) are the two types of couplings used on the inlet and outlet ports. Coke distributors used pin-lock fittings, while Pepsi distributors used ball-lock fittings. Ball-lock are most frequently encountered. The pin-lock style is sometimes referred to as a "Coke" keg or style and the ball-lock is sometimes referred to as a "Pepsi" keg or style, though the fittings themselves are removable, serviceable, and contain interchangeable parts. 1302:

wort sanitise all internal surfaces. It then will be left alone (often overnight) until it has reached pitching temperatures, what may take up to the best part of a day. Contamination should not be an issue since near-boiling wort is a very effective sanitiser. Where the desired outcome is to capture wild yeast from the air, some homebrewers leave the wort to cool in a broad, uncovered container, typically called a

1041: 1393:, or even plastic bottles such as soda bottles, provided they are properly sanitised. Priming briefly reactivates the yeast that remains in the bottle, carbonating the brew. Homebrewed beers and lagers are typically unfiltered (filtering improves visual appearance of the product, but complicates carbonation). Bottled beer becomes clear quicker than kegged beer, since the yeast does not have as far to descend. 1460:

bottles or improper capping methods. Beer may also be force-carbonated using a keg and special bottling equipment so that the carbonation level can be carefully controlled. Carbonation is often achieved with approximately 4 ounces (110 g) of corn sugar boiled in 2 cups (500 mL) of water then cooled and added to a typical 5-US-gallon (19 L) batch before bottling.

1400: 1417: 1399: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1422: 1404: 1431: 1419: 1402: 1522:-inch-wide (44 mm) metal inserted between the valve ears and turned with an adjustable wrench, or pipe wrench. A "wonderbar" type of pry bar just happens to fit. After the valve is loose it is still retained by a safety catch that must be pried inward. A simple valve seal depressing tool and a screwdriver with a 347:(BJCP) is an American organization which oversees homebrew competitions, certifies judges, and offers categories for judging. Similar British organizations are The National Guild of Wine and Beer Judges, and the National Association of Wine and Beermakers (Amateur) - (NAWB), who have held an annual show since 1959. 1003:

legalized home brewing in their respective 2013 legislative sessions. Although all state governments have legalized homebrewing, some states retain local options that permit local governments to make homebrewing illegal under municipal law. Alaska is one such state where the local option is currently exercised.

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the amount of instruction given. For instance, many all-grain kits assume a familiarity with the brewing process and so may give fewer specific instructions on the general process. Many advanced brewers prefer to design and perfect their own recipes rather than buy kits. Kits may or may not include yeast.

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Advanced homebrewers forgo the use of concentrated extract and instead convert starch into sugars from the grains themselves in a process often referred to as all grain brewing. Although considered an advanced method, all grain brewing is easily achievable by beginners and with rudimentary equipment,

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Sometimes known as beer in a can, no-boil, and hopped wort, these beer kits contain liquid malt extract that has already been boiled with hops to introduce bitterness and flavor. Pre-hopped kits simplify the brewing process by removing the need to add hops at specific times during the boil. Some kits

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For brewers with equipment and advanced knowledge about the brewing process, all-grain kits include all the ingredients necessary to create homebrew beer. Most kits include grain and hops, some kits may also include yeast that pairs well with the style of beer. A full set of instructions is generally

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Most states permit homebrewing of 100 US gallons (380 L) of beer per adult (of 21 years or older) per year and up to a maximum of 200 US gallons (760 L) per household annually when there are two or more adults residing in the household. Because alcohol is taxed by the federal government via

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It is not recommended that kegs be sanitised with bleach. To avoid unpleasant residuals, kegs are sanitised with an iodine- or oxygen-based sanitiser. Sanitisers like Star-San and B-Brite are commonly used. The ball lock valves may be unscrewed using wrenches to allow further cleaning or replacement

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extract, or carbonation tablets at bottling time to beer that has had its fermentable sugar content totally consumed is the safest approach to carbonation. Exceeding recommended levels of priming sugar for a given recipe can result in exploding bottles (aka "bottle bombs"), as is using inappropriate

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Homebrewers can submit their beer for evaluation into competitions. These competitions provide blind feed back to brewers so they can get objective feedback, make adjustments to improve their brewing, and be recognized for outstanding homebrew. Competitions can be organized by homebrew clubs, state

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Some homebrewers use the 'no-chill' approach. It is a water-conserving technique, depending on the ambient temperature being lower to cool the hot wort. After the boil the hot wort is racked into a fitting fermenter. After placing the cap or the lid, the fermenter is tumbled slightly to let the hot

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Hops are added at different times during the boil, depending on the desired result. Hops added at the beginning of the boil contribute bitterness, hops added in the last thirty minutes contribute flavor. Hops added in the last few minutes or even after the end of the boil contribute both flavor and

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In one procedure popular with homebrewers called the "Infusion Mash", milled grains are combined in the tun and hot water is added. Before being combined with the grains, the water is heated to a temperature that is hotter than the desired temperature for enzymatic activity. The reason the water is

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to extract the sugars. This combination of liquid and sugars is known as wort (pronounced "wert") and is necessary for fermentation. A full boil of the wort is then required, with one or more hop additions at different times depending on style. A typical brew session using all-grain takes between 4

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Homebrewing kits come in many different types and from many different manufacturers. A local homebrew store may create some of their own kits by packaging materials together. Most kits come with a full set of instructions for brewing. These instructions, sometimes called recipes, may vary widely in

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or other alcoholic beverages on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes. Supplies, such as kits and fermentation tanks, can be purchased locally at specialty stores or online. Beer was brewed domestically for thousands of years before its commercial production, although its legality has

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Kegs may have residual pressure, and this must be vented to avoid having the valve explode and injure or kill a person as the valve shoots out. Conventional 15.5-US-gallon (59 L) kegs have circle spring clips that can be removed to release the tap valve. Some kegs such as those used by Miller

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Homebrewers sometimes use 15.5-US-gallon (59 L) commercial kegs (known as 1/2 kegs) for boiling vessels in creating wort. The kegs are drilled for a drain at the bottom, and the top cut open to create a large stainless steel cooking kettle. Many times, the piece of metal cut out of the top is

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Many homebrewers use an inexpensive wort chiller called an "immersion chiller." These resemble the "worms" used in distilleries consisting of a coiled length of copper or stainless steel tubing (typically 50 feet in length) with an inlet and outlet connection. The inlet is attached to a source of

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in all states. Individual states remain free to restrict or prohibit the manufacture of beer, mead, hard cider, wine and other fermented alcoholic beverages at home. Until 2013, Alabama and Mississippi were the only states with laws prohibiting the homebrewing of beer. Alabama and Mississippi both

578:. 200 litres of beer per household per year may be produced without taxation, but notification of the local customs office is necessary. Larger quantities are taxed according to law. From 2025, the German government wants to allow 500 liters tax-free; the obligation to register is to be abolished. 1372:

or "trub", appears at the bottom of the fermenter, composed of heavy fats, proteins and inactive yeast. This yeast is sometimes reused in subsequent batches. Often, the brew is moved to a second fermenting vessel after primary fermentation called a secondary fermenter. This secondary fermentation

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Brew in a bag (BIAB) is a simplified all-grain technique developed in Australia. The main pioneer and continuing authority on this method is Patrick Hollingdale. The hallmarks of BIAB are a single brewing vessel, a fine mesh bag to hold the grist (crushed malt/grain) and a single heat source. The

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People choose to brew their own beer for a variety of reasons. Many homebrew to avoid a higher cost of buying commercially equivalent beverages. Brewing domestically also affords one the freedom to adjust recipes according to one's own preference, create beverages that are unavailable on the open

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Many homebrewers also use a "counterflow chiller." This device consists of a tube of copper or stainless steel tubing nested inside a larger diameter length of tube. It resembles an immersion chiller but works more like plate chiller in that hot wort is circulated through the inner tube and cool

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A partial mash differs from an extract brew in that the extract remains enzymatically active. Unlike dead malts where some of the starch has been converted to sugar via the action of heat and the natural enzymes have been destroyed, wheat and unmalted extracts need the help of enzymes to convert

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material lines the brewing pot which contains the total volume of water needed for the entire brewing process. The water is then heated to strike temperature and then the grist is added. The traditional brewing technique of sparging (rinsing the grains) is skipped and after the mashing period is

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The Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP) trains and certifies beer judges through classes and tasting and written tests. BJCP judges evaluate the beer on 5 criteria: Aroma, Appearance, Flavor, Mouthfeel, and Overall Impression. The beer is also compared to a style provided by the brewer and

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As of 2010 "agricultural distilling" permits are no longer available. Commercial operations require a micro-manufacturing license (for quantities up to 2 million litres of spirits per year), and various other permits are required. For larger quantities, a full manufacturing license and various

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The primary reason to cool the wort is to get the wort to the proper temperature for healthy yeast propagation. Other benefits of rapidly cooling of the wort include "locking in" hop flavor and aroma, aiding in the production of "cold break" where haze-producing proteins coagulate ultimately

1565:/open source or commercial, which allow them to formulate and adjust recipes. There are also web based recipe creation and sharing sites with extensive recipe databases contributed by users that can be viewed or downloaded for printing or importation into software using 2121:

274/1997 A decision by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health on the prerequisites for granting a permit to manufacture, import and to carry out wholesale alcoholic beverages and distilled beverages, and on the requirements on the credibility of the applicant. (in

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Alternatively, kegs specifically designed for home brewing are available. The capacity may be matched to commercial extract brewing kits; typically 12 and 23 litres. Smaller 2.5-US-gallon (9.5 L) kegs are also made for ease of transporting to a function.

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Once the wort has cooled to a temperature that is friendly to yeast, the yeast is "pitched" into the wort and allowed to ferment. It is at this point that 'wort" becomes "beer." Primary fermentation in homebrewing takes place in large glass or plastic

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The next step up from extract brewing is to use a diastatically active malt extract to convert starches from other beer adjuncts such as flaked and torrified barleys, flaked and torrified wheat, wheat flour, and flaked oats into

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inch (3.2 mm) diameter shaft must be used to release the safety catch. See "How to remove a Miller threaded keg valve (not retained by a spiral ring)". The safety catch prevents the valve from releasing under pressure.

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is added to pressurize the keg via an inlet port on the top and is facilitated by gently rocking the brew back and forth. Liquid is dispensed via an outlet port attached to a tube that extends to the bottom of the keg.

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it is usually much colder, around 10 °C (50 °F). A vigorous fermentation then takes place, usually starting within twelve hours and continuing over the next few days. During this stage, the fermentable sugars

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fairs, or businesses. The AHA, BJCP, and HomebrewCompetitions.com all keep a list of currently scheduled competitions. Homebrewcompetitions.com is a free resource for homebrewers and homebrew competition organizers.

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explained the role of yeast in beer fermentation, allowing brewers to develop strains of yeast with desirable properties such as efficiency converting sugar to alcohol and ability to handle higher alcohol content.

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The Polish Homebrewer's Association (PSPD) has developed their own guidelines for beer competition judging and trains judges for competitions in Poland. A list of competitions is available on their website.

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cool water such as a sink faucet. The immersion chiller is inserted into the hot wort then cool water pumped is through the coil where a heat exchange occurs thus lowering the temperature of the wort.

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Registration and a permit are required to own, operate, or have a still in one's possession. Producing distilled spirits at home is limited "for own use" only and products may not be sold, or used for

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These kegs are stainless steel cylinders that hold approximately 5 US gallons (19 L) of liquid. The keg is filled with liquid via a removable hatch on the top, which is then closed and sealed.

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for home brewed beers in unlimited quantities for personal use only, not for sale or barter, without any required permits or licenses. Registration as a "manufacturer not for commercial use" at the

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Regulated at the National level under USC Title 26 subtitle E Ch51. Production of distilled alcohols for consumption carries an excise tax and numerous requirements must be met to legally produce.

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Homebrewers often use kegs for aging, filtering, and storing beer. These are seldom the standard kegs used by major brewers to transport draught beer to wholesalers, but instead are reconditioned

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A video of the homebrewing bottling process: after primary fermentation, the brewers add additional sugar for producing carbonation, transfer the beer to clean bottles, and seal the bottles with

1339:, bacteria or wild yeasts are desirable to obtain the sour characteristics. During this time, temperatures should be kept at optimum temperature for the particular yeast strain being used. For 1263:

their own grains or chooses to purchase malt extracts, the homebrewer will then need to boil the liquid and add hops. The length of time the wort boils with the hops varies depending on the

618:. 50 litres of palinka per person per year may be produced without taxation, but notification of the local customs office is necessary. Larger quantities are taxed according to law. 612:. 1000 litres of beer per person per year may be produced without taxation, but notification of the local customs office is necessary. Larger quantities are taxed according to law. 1385:

using compressed carbon dioxide, or bottle carbonation with priming sugar. Any bottle that is able to withstand the pressure of carbonation can be used, such as used beer bottles,

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of brewing occurred. The tradition of brewing being in the domain of women stemmed from the fact that brewing was a by-product of gathering, and often considered a part of baking.

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up to 30 litres per household per month. Brewers must be 18 years of age or older, and the brewing process must not "degrade the environment". The product must not be sold.

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in most Canadian provinces. Liquor laws are regulated provincially, while the federal government has laws about taxation and importation of beer, wine and other liquors.

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re-used to create a false bottom for straining wort during the mashing process, as well as to strain the boiled wort when adding hops without using a mesh grain bag.

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resulting in a clearer beer, slowing the production of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and hindering the growth of wort contamination by pitching yeast as soon as possible.

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Mashing is the step required to convert starch in the grains into sugar by utilizing natural enzymes. This step varies depending on the skill of the home brewer.

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by using less packaging and transportation than commercially brewed beverages, and by the use of refillable jugs, reusable bottles or other reusable containers.

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called the Sterilock to also prevent bacteria, wild yeasts and other potential harmful fungi reaching the fermenter although in some beer styles known as

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2000 Litres per household per year of beer for personal use, including notification of the customs office. 2000 litres of wine per household per year.

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to own, possess, dispose of, buy, sell, import or manufacture a still of over 5 litres capacity, whether it is being used to produce alcohol or not.

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Upon conclusion of fermentation, the beer is carbonated before it is consumed. This is typically done in one of two ways; force carbonation in a

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For extract brewing, the mashing has been done by the supplier of the malt extract. No mashing is required for the home brewer in this instance.

2159: 1721: 1153:. The complexity of the process is mostly determined by the approach used to manufacture the wort; by far the simplest method is kit brewing. 1508:

have threaded valves that are threaded into the keg, and after venting, can be opened by turning the valve counterclockwise using a piece of

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in unlimited quantity for domestic consumption only. Fermented products for sale must include payment of alcohol duty and registration with

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Owning or operating a distillation apparatus without filing the proper paperwork and paying the taxes carries federal criminal penalties.

2350: 1281:, a form of seaweed, gelatin, and others can be added in the final 15–30 minutes of the boil to help prevent haze in the resulting beer. 2336: 2292: 3198: 1201:. These extracts are currently only available in the canned form. Unmalted barleys and wheats can add extra "body" to a finished beer. 1014:

signed into law a bill allowing home beers, which was at the time not permitted without paying the excise taxes as a holdover from the

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up to 1% alcohol by volume only; suppliers sell homebrewing equipment and kits, leaving it up to the customer to brew within the law.

2914: 2480: 1804: 3409: 1010:, homebrewers are restricted from selling any beer they brew. This similarly applies in most Western countries. In 1978, President 646:

for personal use in certain states. No national law exists that specifically prevents brewing. Some states ban alcohol completely.

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although every household can distill fermented fruit only, up to 30 litres per year in a local distillery, for personal use only.

204:, homebrewing seems to have been a familiar domestic chore in China, albeit the lower classes had to make do with poorly-filtered 3126: 2502: 3626: 2380: 3662: 3107: 2845: 1666: 3608: 2678: 3748: 2940: 1616: 3017: 4058: 3344: 2723: 3152: 2438: 292:

for other purposes. The homebrewing of beer with an alcohol content higher than 0.5% remained illegal until 1978 when

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water is passed through the outer tube counter to the direction of the hot wort, thereby cooling the wort quickly.

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hop aroma. These hop additions are generally referred to as bittering, flavor, and aroma additions respectively.

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to distil alcohol (e.g. spirits) without an excise manufacturer licence. Permission is also required from the

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included. What sets these kits apart from others is the inclusion of malted grain which must first undergo a

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The Art of Fermentation: An In-Depth Exploration of Essential Concepts and Processes from around the World

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Study on Council Directive 92/83/EEC on the structures of excise duty on alcohol and alcoholic beverages

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Some kits contain a concentrated malt extract rather than grain. Malt extract can be either dry or in a

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Throughout the first half of the 20th century, homebrewing in the UK was circumscribed by taxation: the

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gas produced to vent, while preventing other gasses and particles from entering. Recent innovations in

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The grains are infused with yet hotter water to rinse more sugars from the mash in a process known as

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or food-grade plastic buckets, nearly always sealed. When sealed, the fermenter is stoppered with a

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of alcoholic beverages (repealed in 1933). This change also exempted home brewers from posting a "

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repealed the law prohibiting the brewing of all but the weakest beers in one of his first acts as

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Collins, Stacy Tibbetts, editor; Jim Parker, brewing consultant; photography by James (2006).

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heated is to compensate for the fact that the grain are cooler than the desired temperature.

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dominated alcohol production on every occupied continent until commercialization and

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varied according to local regulation. Homebrewing is closely related to the hobby of

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No limit per household per year of beer, given that it is for personal consumption.

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How to brew: ingredients, methods, recipes, and equipment for brewing beer at home

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The principles behind the process of homebrewing beer are similar to commercial

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without a license. License fees are only practical for commercial distilleries.

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Exemption is given to natives in Sabah and Sarawak for their own consumption.

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market or beverages that may contain fewer calories, or less or more alcohol.

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which remains in print alongside later publications such as Graham Wheeler's

285: 266: 235: 141: 2727: 1698: 1597: 4375: 4329: 4293: 4002: 3922: 3910: 2040: 1732:. Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight: Brewery History Society: 5–24. Archived from 1165: 1011: 300: 213: 209: 201: 182: 55: 4324: 3366: 4407: 4254: 4236: 4201: 4191: 3997: 3935: 3930: 3851: 3839: 3733: 3722: 3260: 1603: 1015: 227: 133: 87: 3541: 2995: 2697: 1661:. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 273. 1156: 343:

Some people join homebrewing clubs and enter homebrew competitions. The

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This article is about making beer at home. For commercial brewing, see

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Cold water is preferred for the yeast due to its high oxygen content.

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spirits for personal consumption, not for selling without a license.

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In all grain brewing the wort is made by making a mash from crushed

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Basic homebrewing: all the skills and tools you need to get started

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passed a bill repealing Federal restrictions and excise taxes, and

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are produced as byproducts by the yeast. A layer of sediment, the

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with a license to distill granted by the (provincial) government.

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with a license, otherwise punishable by fine and/ or forfeiture.

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for personal consumption; however home distillation is generally

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this temperature is usually 18–24 °C (64–75 °F); for

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Westemeier, Ed (Summer 1995). "A Bottler's Guide to Kegging".

3982: 3866: 3282:(3rd ed.). Colorado: Brewers Publications. p. 111. 2136:. Bundesministerium der Finanzen/Zoll/Germany. Archived from 1344: 1229: 1221: 1098: 1072: 3367:"Disassemble, Cleaning and Sanitizing a Cornelius Style Keg" 3267:. Andover, Hampshire: The Amateur Winemaker. pp. 63–64. 2522: 2520: 1123:

Some homebrewing kits usually instruct that a tablespoon of

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except for officially licensed and regulated distilleries.

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except for officially licensed and regulated distilleries.

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except for officially licensed and regulated distilleries.

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for individuals to produce beer and wine for personal use.

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Brewing classic styles: 80 winning recipes anyone can brew

2477:"FAQs on Home-Brewing of Beer and Other Fermented Liquors" 2835: 2517: 1382: 1340: 1233: 1149:

is produced and yeast pitched into the wort to stimulate

3326:"Do the Mash! The Equipment Needed to Move to All-Grain" 1220:(or alternative grain adjuncts such as unmalted barley, 2750:"United States Code: Title 26,5601. Criminal penalties" 261:

removed the requirement for a brewing licence in 1963.

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with a license to distill granted by the government.

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for personal use, not for selling without a license.

2019:"National Guild of Wine and Beer Judges - Home Page" 1922:(1st ed.). Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 1593: 311:. Within months of homebrewing's full legalization, 3438: 2542:"Small brewers beat odds in search of perfect beer" 1545:Homebrewing can reduce the environmental impact of 1236:) and hot water. This requires a vessel known as a 584:. Distillation licenses not available for persons. 511:- Distillation licenses not available for persons. 3199:"Plastic & Stainless Steel Conical Fermenters" 2726:. Alcohol and Tobacco Trade Bureau. Archived from 2447:Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union 1552: 2932: 2085:"Excise on spirits and other excisable beverages" 1097:bag, usually made of nylon or fashioned out of a 460:to distill alcohol with a permission or license. 4425: 3074:(3rd ed.). Colorado: Brewers Publications. 2431: 1971:"Decreasing calories in beer by making your own" 3100:Yeast: The Practical Guide to Beer Fermentation 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 2214: 2212: 1885: 1105: 2055: 1426:Anderson Valley Brewing Company. Sarah Stierch 1409:Anderson Valley Brewing Company. Sarah Stierch 3749: 3656: 3388:"Environmental Benefits of Home Brewing Beer" 3342: 3301: 3299: 3093: 3091: 2259: 2257: 2233: 3121: 3119: 3056: 2679:Life, liberty and the pursuit of homebrewing 2671: 2600: 2271: 2209: 1862: 1860: 1858: 875:(SARS) is required to produce wine at home. 148:. It seems to have first developed as thick 124:has been brewed domestically throughout its 2836:Zainasheff, Jamil; Palmer, John J. (2007). 2742: 2574: 2572: 2199:"Herstellung von Branntwein in Deutschland" 2102: 1680: 1678: 1650: 1648: 1572: 681:with intent to sell or if sold for profit. 3763: 3756: 3742: 3663: 3649: 3464:"Homebrew Events and Competition Calendar" 3324:De Piro, George (September–October 1998). 3319: 3317: 3305: 3296: 3088: 2941:"Why Partial Mash? (Mashing vs. Steeping)" 2603:"Gov. Robert Bentley signs home brew bill" 2254: 2114: 1082: 3439:"Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP)" 3116: 2528:"Svensk författningssamling (in swedish)" 2387:. Health Promotion Agency. Archived from 1955:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1855: 1063:and 6 hours, not including fermentation. 401:Learn how and when to remove this message 27:Small scale brewing of beer, mead, ciders 3098:White, Chris; Zainasheff, Jamil (2010). 2840:. Boulder, Colo.: Brewers Publications. 2569: 1866: 1829: 1719: 1675: 1645: 1582:described in the BJCP Style Guidelines. 1557:Brewers now have access to a variety of 1429: 1412: 1395: 1210:especially when using the BIAB method. 1155: 1039: 46: 3345:"Principles of Cleaning and Sanitizing" 3323: 3314: 2716: 2351:"Homebrewing for fun, taste and profit" 1917: 1797: 1540: 1187: 14: 4426: 3277: 3069: 2860: 1769: 1455:In homebrewing, adding priming sugar, 307:, into law, legalizing homebrewing of 226:brought about such innovations as the 3737: 3644: 3433: 3431: 3259: 3253: 2938: 2884: 2882: 2471: 2469: 1389:bottles with rubber stoppers such as 937:for personal use only, not for sale. 921:for personal use only, not for sale. 800:for personal use only, not for sale. 454:for personal use only, not for sale. 3542:"BJCP 2008 Style Guidelines - Index" 2854: 2479:. www.customs.gov.sg. Archived from 2315: 1684: 1654: 629:up to 2.25% alcohol by volume only. 383:adding citations to reliable sources 354: 2829: 2495: 1871:(3rd ed.). New York: Collins. 1617:Christina Perozzi and Hallie Beaune 1360:) are consumed by the yeast, while 1284: 1254: 1204: 1035: 950:up to 350 litres for personal use. 24: 4059:List of American independent films 3428: 3343:Johnson, Dana (March–April 2001). 3213:"Beer and Wine Bottling Processes" 3102:. Colorado: Brewers Publications. 2994:. BrewAllGrain.com. Archived from 2879: 2813: 2770: 2582:. American Homebrewers Association 2466: 2267:. Althingi (Icelandic Government). 2109:Law of Alcoholic drinks in Finland 1259:Whether the homebrewer chooses to 1130: 334: 25: 4445: 3235:"Homebrewing For Dummies, 2nd ed" 1756:Science and Civilisation in China 288:were closed down or began making 3683:Beer Judge Certification Program 3468:American Homebrewers Association 1685:Mark, Joshua J. (2 March 2011). 1596: 1267:, but is usually 60–90 minutes. 1091: 1044:1.7/1.8 kg Homebrewing kits 359: 345:Beer Judge Certification Program 325:The Complete Joy of Home Brewing 321:American Homebrewers Association 51:A homebrewing kit consisting of 3969:Experimental musical instrument 3670: 3619: 3601: 3584: 3559: 3534: 3510: 3485: 3456: 3402: 3380: 3359: 3336: 3271: 3227: 3205: 3191: 3173: 3159: 3145: 3035: 3010: 2984: 2963: 2939:Colby, Chris (7 January 2014). 2907: 2807: 2786: 2764: 2690: 2657: 2631: 2609: 2594: 2552: 2534: 2417: 2403: 2373: 2343: 2329: 2285: 2191: 2152: 2091: 2077: 2033: 2011: 1989: 1963: 1911: 1869:The complete joy of homebrewing 1782:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 1553:Brewing software and technology 1309: 1066: 370:needs additional citations for 2705:, Department of Treasury, 2014 2665:"27 CFR § 25.205 - Production" 1760:Fermentations and Food Science 1748: 1713: 1376: 1164:extracts: liquid in a can and 323:. In 1984, Papazian published 104:history of alcoholic beverages 13: 1: 4413:Social peer-to-peer processes 3412:terrapass.com. Archived from 2992:"All Grain Brewing Chemistry" 2752:. Legal Information Institute 2299:. EuroMonitor. Archived from 1638: 1537:of O-rings or poppet valves. 873:South African Revenue Service 329:Home Brewing: The CAMRA Guide 3592:"BJCP 2015 Style Guidelines" 3472:http://114595893801098712889 3265:Home Brewed Beers and Stouts 3167:"Cylindroconical Fermenters" 2724:"TTBGov General Alcohol FAQ" 2425:"Zelf accijnsgoederen maken" 1193:their starches into sugars. 1179: 1127:should be added per bottle. 1106:Ingredients outside the kits 1052: 843:, up to 50 liters per year. 7: 2601:Kim Chandler (9 May 2013). 2411:"Mag ik zelf bier brouwen?" 2265:"Áfengislög (in icelandic)" 1997:"Craft Brewing Association" 1687:"Beer in the Ancient World" 1655:Katz, Sandor Ellix (2012). 1589: 1075:form, both used to produce 350: 265:followed suit in 1972 when 256:Chancellor of the Exchequer 116:history of alcohol in China 10: 4450: 3410:"When Passions Collide..." 3043:"The Fermentation Process" 2385:Frequently Asked Questions 2293:"Alcoholic Drinks in Iran" 2183:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 1867:Papazian, Charlie (2003). 1695:World History Encyclopedia 1171: 1134: 1118: 994: 973: 942: 929: 913: 901: 889: 863: 846: 825: 808: 792: 776: 759: 738: 722: 706: 690: 669: 654: 638: 621: 604: 587: 570: 553: 538: 526: 514: 497: 480: 463: 441:Australian Taxation Office 425: 414: 97: 93: 29: 4363: 4302: 4267: 4200: 4157: 4148: 4049:American eccentric cinema 4026: 3990: 3981: 3954: 3874: 3865: 3857:Amateur press association 3769: 3678: 1999:. www.craftbrewing.org.uk 421: 418: 415: 309:beer in the United States 3390:. simplehomebrewbeer.com 3070:Palmer, John J. (2006). 2861:Palmer, John J. (2001). 2454:. June 2018. p. 150 2381:"Is home brewing legal?" 2325:. Government of Ireland. 1573:Homebrewing competitions 1110: 4039:Cinema of Transgression 3567:"BJCP Style Guidelines" 2945:Beer & Wine Journal 2530:. Government of Sweden. 2503:"Excise Factory Scheme" 1837:"Adelaide Times Online" 1463: 1083:Pre-hopped malt extract 833:for personal use only. 816:for personal use only. 784:for personal use only. 767:for personal use only. 698:only for personal use. 561:for personal use only. 244:Inland Revenue Act 1880 34:. For making wine, see 4355:Independent TV station 4284:Independent soft drink 4250:Open-source video game 3764:Independent production 3493:"Competition Schedule" 2462:– via europa.eu. 2355:The Japan Times Online 1720:Anderson, Ray (2005). 1452: 1427: 1410: 1168: 1045: 983:HM Revenue and Customs 885:permits are required. 250:c. 20) introduced a 5- 88:more tightly regulated 63: 38:. For other uses, see 4335:Visionary environment 4034:Independent animation 3278:Palmer, John (2006). 1442: 1425: 1408: 1159: 1043: 254:homebrewing licence. 224:Industrial Revolution 164:were also developed. 50: 4347:Independent circuit 4177:Open-source software 4076:Guerrilla filmmaking 3185:conicalfermentor.com 2580:"Government Affairs" 2505:. www.customs.gov.sg 2098:spiritusafgiftsloven 1701:on 12 September 2016 1693:. Horsham, England: 1633:Alcohol distillation 1541:Environmental impact 1188:Intermediate brewers 379:improve this article 82:, the production of 4315:Amateur photography 4008:Amateur pornography 3956:Musical instruments 3936:Tracker (MOD) music 3633:on 14 January 2017. 3615:on 11 January 2017. 3416:on 31 December 2010 2998:on 21 February 2019 2971:"All-grain Brewing" 2730:on 26 November 2017 2684:The Birmingham News 2645:on 22 November 2013 2452:European Commission 2303:on 6 September 2017 1777:"Hansard 1803–2005" 1736:on 16 November 2016 1547:fermented beverages 1449:3 minutes 8 seconds 810:Russian Federation 317:Brewers Association 152:; during this time 128:, beginning in the 3779:Alternative comics 3133:on 9 November 2006 2323:"Finance Act 1992" 2297:Euromonitor Online 2140:on 29 October 2013 2043:. www.ngwbj.org.uk 2021:. www.ngwbj.org.uk 1977:on 18 January 2013 1948:has generic name ( 1758:, Vol. VI, No. 5. 1624:, Portland, Oregon 1453: 1428: 1411: 1169: 1046: 822:for personal use. 677:for personal use. 422:Home distillation 126:7,000-year history 64: 4421: 4420: 4371:Independent media 4263: 4262: 4182:Software cracking 4144: 4143: 4071:Exploitation film 3977: 3976: 3946:Underground music 3894:Open-source label 3879:Independent music 3784:Alternative manga 3731: 3730: 3698:Fermentation lock 3518:"BJCP Scoresheet" 3330:BrewingTechniques 3153:"How to HomeBrew" 3109:978-0-937381-96-0 3022:Home Brew Answers 2890:"It's In the Bag" 2847:978-0-937381-92-2 2794:"Extract Brewing" 2677:Donald J. Smith, 2065:. www.nawb.org.uk 1843:on 20 August 2006 1668:978-1-60358-364-0 1440: 1423: 1406: 1333:fermentation lock 1323:which allows the 1321:fermentation lock 1033: 1032: 411: 410: 403: 303:signed the bill, 259:Reginald Maudling 248:43 & 44 Vict. 222:The 18th century 172:industrialization 84:alcoholic spirits 80:home distillation 16:(Redirected from 4441: 4403: 4350: 4187:Unofficial patch 4155: 4154: 4104: 4044:Independent film 3988: 3987: 3918:Cassette culture 3872: 3871: 3758: 3751: 3744: 3735: 3734: 3688:Charlie Papazian 3665: 3658: 3651: 3642: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3629:. Archived from 3623: 3617: 3616: 3611:. Archived from 3605: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3522: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3435: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3321: 3312: 3311: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3237:. Archived from 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3129:. Archived from 3123: 3114: 3113: 3095: 3086: 3085: 3067: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2951:on 28 March 2015 2947:. Archived from 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2886: 2877: 2876: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2704: 2694: 2688: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2641:. Archived from 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2576: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2483:on 14 April 2008 2473: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2443: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2357:. Archived from 2347: 2341: 2340: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2275: 2269: 2268: 2261: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2216: 2207: 2206: 2201:. Archived from 2195: 2189: 2188: 2182: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2164: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2063:"NAWB - History" 2059: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1973:. Archived from 1967: 1961: 1960: 1953: 1947: 1943: 1941: 1933: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1895:. Archived from 1889: 1883: 1882: 1864: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1839:. Archived from 1833: 1827: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1817:on 22 March 2011 1816: 1810:. Archived from 1809: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1785:. 18 August 1881 1773: 1767: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1697:. Archived from 1682: 1673: 1672: 1652: 1606: 1601: 1600: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1441: 1424: 1407: 1285:Cooling the wort 1255:Boiling the wort 1205:Advanced brewers 1036:Homebrewing kits 839:with payment of 413: 412: 406: 399: 395: 392: 386: 363: 355: 313:Charlie Papazian 276:In 1920, due to 185:cultivated both 100:Women in brewing 62:and instructions 21: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4401: 4359: 4348: 4298: 4277: 4259: 4196: 4140: 4121:Low-budget film 4102: 4096:'60s–'70s 4022: 3973: 3964:Circuit bending 3950: 3861: 3847:Self-publishing 3765: 3762: 3732: 3727: 3674: 3669: 3639: 3638: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3445: 3437: 3436: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3393: 3391: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3350: 3348: 3341: 3337: 3322: 3315: 3304: 3297: 3290: 3276: 3272: 3261:Berry, C. J. J. 3258: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3241:on 7 March 2012 3233: 3232: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3125: 3124: 3117: 3110: 3096: 3089: 3082: 3068: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3001: 2999: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2898: 2896: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2873: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2818: 2812: 2808: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2775: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2676: 2672: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2619:. 18 March 2013 2615: 2614: 2610: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2526: 2525: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2475: 2474: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2394: 2392: 2391:on 1 March 2014 2379: 2378: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2361:on 14 July 2012 2349: 2348: 2344: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2306: 2304: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2263: 2262: 2255: 2245: 2243: 2241:"Cap 109 s 64A" 2239: 2238: 2234: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2210: 2205:on 8 July 2017. 2197: 2196: 2192: 2176: 2175: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2143: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2103: 2096: 2092: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2046: 2044: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2024: 2022: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2002: 2000: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1980: 1978: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1954: 1945: 1944: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1916: 1912: 1902: 1900: 1899:on 24 July 2013 1891: 1890: 1886: 1879: 1865: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1786: 1775: 1774: 1770: 1753: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1726:Brewery History 1718: 1714: 1704: 1702: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1653: 1646: 1641: 1602: 1595: 1592: 1575: 1561:tools, whether 1555: 1543: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1466: 1430: 1413: 1396: 1379: 1331:have enabled a 1312: 1287: 1257: 1207: 1199:fermented syrup 1190: 1182: 1174: 1139: 1133: 1131:Brewing process 1121: 1113: 1108: 1094: 1085: 1077:fermented syrup 1069: 1055: 1038: 975:United Kingdom 482:Czech Republic 407: 396: 390: 387: 376: 364: 353: 337: 335:Brewing culture 119: 98:Main articles: 96: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4447: 4437: 4436: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4395: 4388: 4381:Do it yourself 4378: 4373: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4344: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4217: 4206: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4136:Double feature 4133: 4131:No wave cinema 4128: 4126:No-budget film 4123: 4118: 4116:Midnight movie 4113: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3960: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3920: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3820: 3819: 3818: 3808: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3775: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3668: 3667: 3660: 3653: 3645: 3637: 3636: 3618: 3600: 3583: 3558: 3533: 3509: 3484: 3455: 3427: 3401: 3379: 3358: 3335: 3313: 3295: 3288: 3270: 3252: 3226: 3204: 3190: 3172: 3158: 3144: 3115: 3108: 3087: 3080: 3055: 3034: 3009: 2983: 2962: 2931: 2906: 2878: 2871: 2853: 2846: 2828: 2814:Palmer, John. 2806: 2785: 2771:Palmer, John. 2763: 2741: 2715: 2689: 2687:, 21 May 2012. 2670: 2656: 2630: 2608: 2593: 2568: 2551: 2533: 2516: 2494: 2465: 2430: 2416: 2402: 2372: 2342: 2328: 2314: 2284: 2279:"ipleaders.in" 2270: 2253: 2232: 2220:"Cap 109 s 58" 2208: 2190: 2151: 2125: 2113: 2101: 2090: 2076: 2054: 2032: 2010: 1988: 1962: 1928: 1910: 1884: 1877: 1854: 1828: 1796: 1768: 1747: 1712: 1674: 1667: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1622:F.H. Steinbart 1619: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1591: 1588: 1574: 1571: 1554: 1551: 1542: 1539: 1481:Carbon dioxide 1470:Cornelius kegs 1465: 1462: 1378: 1375: 1366:carbon dioxide 1329:nanotechnology 1325:carbon dioxide 1311: 1308: 1286: 1283: 1256: 1253: 1206: 1203: 1189: 1186: 1181: 1178: 1173: 1170: 1135:Main article: 1132: 1129: 1120: 1117: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1093: 1090: 1084: 1081: 1068: 1065: 1054: 1051: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1024: 997: 996:United States 993: 992: 986: 976: 972: 971: 966: 961: 957: 956: 951: 945: 941: 940: 938: 932: 928: 927: 922: 916: 912: 911: 909: 904: 900: 899: 897: 892: 888: 887: 876: 866: 862: 861: 855: 849: 845: 844: 834: 828: 824: 823: 817: 811: 807: 806: 801: 795: 791: 790: 785: 779: 775: 774: 768: 762: 758: 757: 752:since 1996 to 747: 741: 737: 736: 731: 725: 721: 720: 715: 709: 705: 704: 699: 693: 689: 688: 682: 672: 668: 667: 662: 657: 653: 652: 647: 641: 637: 636: 630: 624: 620: 619: 613: 607: 603: 602: 596: 590: 586: 585: 579: 573: 569: 568: 562: 556: 552: 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