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726:"The said town is all in a circle, enclosed in wood, in three ranks, in the manner of a pyramid, crossed at the top, having a row perpendicular to it all. And this town there is only one door and entrance. There are within this town roughly fifty houses, each about fifty steps long, and in each one of them, there are several hearths and several rooms."
639:. Close examination of historical documentation in the 20th century raised the possibility that before the European arrival, the Rivière des Prairies was the usual waterway used by the indigenous tribes, as it was much less dangerous than the Saint Lawrence River with its rapids. It constituted a more direct waterway connecting to the upstream
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When the tour of the village was over, Cartier and his companions were then guided up Mount Royal, probably on the back of a man, according to a custom of courtesy he mentions further down. The mountain was "distant from the village by about a quarter-league". Once atop the summit of one of the hills
643:. Therefore, it is possible that Cartier traveled to Hochelaga via this river. Furthermore, the three rapids described by Cartier on a subsequent expedition are easier to locate on the Rivière des Prairies, the so-called "river of three saults", than on the Saint Lawrence River.
414:, both rectangular and rounded. the population is estimated to have been approximately 3,000 inhabitants. It was doubtlessly destroyed afterwards, as it was not mentioned by Jacques Cartier on his return visit to the island in 1541. He spoke about two villages, but only one,
612:
693:
and his troupe arrived in the vicinity of
Hochelaga. As night fell, he withdrew with his men aboard the boats. Early on the morning of October 3, along with his men and twenty marines, he undertook on foot the worn path to Hochelaga. After walking about two
750:
Cartier's description suggests that the village of
Hochelaga was linked to the occupation of the area by the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, a group of Indigenous sedentary farmers who inhabited the St. Lawrence Valley between 1200 and 1600 CE.
494:
is a second-hand reconstruction. Furthermore, Cartier states clearly that the mountain was "adjacent to their said village", that
Hochelaga was "close to and adjoining a mountain", and that he went to Mount Royal a distance of a
499:
of the site, the distance that, in fact, separates the basin of Mount Royal from the surrounding hills dominating it. Archaeological excavations undertaken recently on the summit of the mountain, around the basin, and in the
39:
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The custom of moving villages is a possible explanation as to why the exact location of the
Iroquois settlement remains a mystery in the present day, despite the numerous hypotheses that locate it close to
702:"And here within the countryside is situated and sits the said town of Hochelaga, near and joining a mountain that is, around it, ploughed and very fertile, from on top of which one can see very far."
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representing
Jacques Cartier meeting the Iroquois. The Iroquois chief raises his arm as a sign of welcome, while Cartier responds by raising his own slightly while keeping the other hand on his sword.
1091:
This memorial commemorates the site of the fortified town of
Hochelaga which was visited by Jacques Cartier. The memorial was erected in 1925 by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada.
387:, as well as the boards covering the village's palisade, were probably his own fabrications. If the plan faithfully illustrates the notes of the French explorer, it offers little resemblance to
422:, has been suggested to be the cause of the disappearance of Hochelaga. The inhabitants' disappearance has spawned several theories, including their migration westward toward the shores of the
2034:
1954:
746:"We withdrew to our boats, not without a great number of the said people, a part of which, that when they saw our people tired, took them upon themselves, as on a horse, and carried them."
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waving his hands wildly to attract their attention as he first approached the settlement in his boat, while in others, they were bewildered by his
European custom of greeting them with a
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738:"We can see the said river, other than where we left our barques, where there is a rapid, the most impetuous it is given to see, one which is not possible for us to pass."
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698:, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km), he saw the village surrounded by hills and cultivated fields of corn. This appeared to him much more impressive than Stadacona:
2018:
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929:(2017) depicts the arrival of the Cartier expedition at Hochelaga, as well as another fictionalized events occurring at the site of the village over the centuries.
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arrived by boat on
October 2, 1535; he visited the village on the following day. He was greeted well by the Iroquois, and named the mountain he saw nearby
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486:. The urbanist Pierre Larouche, based on the topometric data deduced from the Gastaldi illustration, has proposed that the village was situated on the
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718:, as was customary in that period. He then visited Hochelaga, and noted its organization, giving a detailed description of the interior of a
53:
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This hypothesis is held by
Montarville B. de la Bruière (1917), A. Beaugrand-Champagne (1923, 1942, 1947) and Father Hector Tessier (1954).
587:, but the inhabitants gradually dropped that name, preferring to use instead the name of the island upon which the colony was established,
565:) at the end of the summer of 1535. Encouraged, he quickly continued further into the interior, but the rapids surrounding what is now the
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Hochelaga is the fourth album by the
Canadian sludge metal band Dopethrone. It was released on April 13, 2015 on Totem Cat Records.
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Delâge, Denys (2006). "Aboriginal Influence on the Canadians and French at the time of New France". In Christie, Gordon (ed.).
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Model of the Iroquoian village of Hochelaga, from the descriptions of Jacques Cartier and other Quebec archaeological sites.
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in 1492, considered the discovery of new lands as being the most important undertaking of the time. In effect, the
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In the center of each house was a common room, where the indigenous people built a fire and lived as a community.
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by one or two centuries, but which lacked a palisade and seemed to be too cramped. Another proposed location is
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showing Jacques Cartier visiting the village of Hochelaga on 3 October 1535 (Lawrence Batchelor; circa 1933).
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means "people of the shaking hands"; in some versions of this story, the Iroquoian people were bewildered by
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1635:
644:
1355:
Roland Tremblay. (2006). "Les Iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent: peuple du maïs". Montréal: Éditions de l'Homme.
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in 1545, and subsequently proceeded to describe Cartier's explorations in the third volume of his work,
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The town, surrounded by a wooden palisade, had around fifty houses made of wood and bark, mostly
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259:. Several names in and around Montreal and the Hochelaga Archipelago can be traced back to him.
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Pendergast, James F. (1998). "The Confusing Identities Attributed to Stadacona and Hochelaga",
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east of Mount Royal have come up empty. The exact location of Hochelaga remains unknown.
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A stone marker commemorating the former village was placed in 1925 on land adjacent to
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maintained that Hochelaga was located at the Dawson site, discovered in 1860 close to
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Bref récit et succincte narration de le navigation faite en MDXXXV et MDXXXVI
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blocked his route. He would then visit Hochelaga, which he described in
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and conducted raids, but neither had founded any permanent settlements.
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Once the visit was over, Cartier and his men returned to their boats:
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visited the area. In 1642, the village of Ville-Marie was founded by
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832:. A career diplomat, his role as ambassador brought him to numerous
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The original documentation that describes the village’s location is
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of the mountain. This hypothesis is not well-supported, as
1145:
Aboriginality and Governance: A Multidisciplinary Approach
533:
in Hochelaga in 1535, at the foot of what is now known as
337:, which was spoken by the Iroquoian people at Hochelaga.
606:
309:. An alternative explanation has been proposed in which
884:. The 1556 edition contains assorted illustrations by
939:
1064:Harris, Carolyn (August 2017). "The Queen's land".
305:, meaning "big rapids", in reference to the nearby
1334:Pendergast, James F. et Bruce G. Trigger. (1972).
1179:"Watchwords: Why our music fest is called Osheaga"
706:Cartier declared that the mountain would be named
627:; the rapids he mentioned were identified as the
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619:For a long time, it was considered obvious that
321:. These latter explanations are favoured by the
896:on the map) in the European style of the time.
802:Modified reproduction, with English legend, of
658:
1320:Newton, Mark. (2007). "Where was Hochelaga?",
575:, a brief account of his second voyage to the
1904:
1374:
1338:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
892:, describing Cartier's visit on Mount Royal (
872:, a memoir that Jacques Cartier had given to
371:illustrated Hochelaga in the third volume of
1348:Mark Abley. (1994). "Where was Hochelaga?",
301:, meaning "beaver path" or "beaver dam", or
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836:countries. Ramusio, who was seven when the
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1897:
1381:
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243:16th century fortified village on or near
205:Hochelaga National Historic Site of Canada
1586:1972 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts robbery
1317:. Paris: Tross (1863 version, in French).
964:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
851:was facing a grave problem accessing the
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
890:La Terra de Hochelaga Nella Nova Francia
804:La Terra de Hochelaga Nella Nova Francia
772:La Terra De Hochelaga Nella Nova Francia
734:comprising the mount, Cartier declared:
664:
610:
541:in his three exploration voyages to the
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365:La Terra de Hochelaga nella Nova Francia
1621:2011 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts theft
1388:
1336:Cartier's Hochelaga and the Dawson Site
1271:Cinquecento – Giovanni Battista Ramusio
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1029:
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585:Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve
329:, but are not easily supported by the
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1314:Relation originale de Jacques Cartier
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607:Entering via the Rivière des Prairies
234:
1352:. Volume 114, numéro 6. Pages 63–68.
1324:. Volume 114, numéro 6. Pages 63–68.
1114:Canadian Register of Historic Places
866:in 1453. Ramusio obtained a copy of
754:
273:The name of the village survives in
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1641:National Historic Sites in Montreal
1626:Concordia University Netanyahu riot
507:
13:
14:
2221:
2200:National Historic Sites in Quebec
2190:Former populated places in Quebec
1920:National Historic Sites of Canada
828:, statesman and secretary of the
579:. In 1611, the European explorer
2110:
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1571:Montreal Metropolitan Commission
1551:Black Power movement in Montreal
1289:Gagné, Michel (April 19, 2018).
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418:, was named. War, possibly with
268:National Historic Site of Canada
195:National Historic Site of Canada
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2185:First Nations history in Quebec
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289:Most linguists accept the word
2195:Archaeological sites in Quebec
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655:, wrote in detail about this.
623:had continuously followed the
549:to find a waterway to Cathay (
434:to the west, or the impact of
363:in 1545. A plan exists titled
297:term – either
1:
2210:16th century in North America
1155:: Theytus Books. p. 28.
1606:École Polytechnique massacre
1117:. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
904:One of the paintings in the
782:in illustration of the book
722:and how people lived in it:
659:Reception by the Hochelagans
645:Aristide Beaugrand-Champagne
426:, devastating wars with the
293:as a French borrowing of an
284:
7:
1331:. Volume 32. Pages 149–167.
1045:Delle Navigationi et Viaggi
935:
882:Delle navigationi et viaggi
784:Delle Navigationi et viaggi
430:tribes to the south or the
399:decorates the walls of the
391:reality. A reproduction of
373:Delle navigationi et viaggi
340:
10:
2226:
1556:Sir George Williams affair
1329:Revue d'études canadiennes
1311:Cartier, Jacques. (1545).
1276:December 23, 2008, at the
1269:For more information, see
2170:Iroquois populated places
2069:
2053:
2027:
1955:Newfoundland and Labrador
1927:
1658:
1647:
1501:Burning of the Parliament
1396:
1295:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1239:December 9, 2008, at the
1131:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1096:October 21, 2014, at the
826:Giovanni Battista Ramusio
381:Giovanni Battista Ramusio
379:between 1550 and 1556 by
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18:Village in Quebec, Canada
1576:Montreal Urban Community
1471:Capitulation of Montreal
1306:Bibliography and sources
1184:August 12, 2018, at the
1149:Penticton Indian Reserve
926:Hochelaga, Land of Souls
820:did not go unnoticed in
438:. However, according to
138:233 m (764 ft)
1631:Dawson College shooting
1446:Great Peace of Montreal
1014:St. Lawrence Iroquoians
774:, with on the left, the
647:, the architect of the
545:. Under a mandate from
513:Future site of Montreal
2205:16th century in Quebec
2146:45.569806°N 73.53806°W
1431:Saint-Sulpice Seminary
1416:Notre-Dame de Montréal
1234:Histoire du Mont Royal
816:'s exploration of the
748:
740:
728:
704:
678:On 2 October 1535
673:
616:
526:
468:William Douw Lighthall
135:Highest elevation
2035:Northwest Territories
1636:2012 student movement
1207:La Terra de Hochelaga
910:La Terra de Hochelaga
908:is a reproduction of
744:
736:
724:
700:
668:
641:Rivière des Outaouais
614:
603:name of Mount Royal.
577:Saint Lawrence Valley
520:
492:La Terra de Hochelaga
456:Saint Lawrence Valley
393:La Terra de Hochelaga
275:Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
241:St. Lawrence Iroquois
232:French pronunciation:
169: • Summer (
146:6 m (20 ft)
143:Lowest elevation
2151:45.569806; -73.53806
1997:Prince Edward Island
1596:1976 Summer Olympics
1591:Gargantua bar attack
1436:Battle of Long Sault
1421:Governor of Montreal
1030:References and notes
978:North America portal
841:Christopher Columbus
680: (488 years ago)
633:Rivière des Prairies
625:Saint Lawrence River
615:Rivière des Prairies
561:(the future site of
484:Rivière des Prairies
2175:History of Montreal
2142: /
1668:Pre-European period
1581:Blue Bird Café fire
1541:St. Lawrence Seaway
1476:American occupation
1390:History of Montreal
1350:Canadian Geographic
1322:Canadian Geographic
1019:History of Montreal
853:Indian Subcontinent
824:, in particular by
581:Samuel de Champlain
444:Samuel de Champlain
385:Italian Renaissance
335:Laurentian language
325:further upriver at
65: /
2093:History portal
1611:Sex Garage protest
1521:Golden Square Mile
1506:Great Fire of 1852
1481:North West Company
916:, a member of the
914:Paul-Émile Borduas
906:Mount Royal Chalet
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567:Island of Montreal
553:) and to Cipango (
527:
436:Old World diseases
397:Paul-Émile Borduas
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2105:Canada portal
1886:
1885:
1344:978-0-7735-0070-9
1205:"Presentation of
755:Venetian interest
637:Sault-au-Récollet
502:Jeanne-Mance Park
472:McGill University
446:'s arrival, both
375:, a work done in
264:McGill University
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69:45.500°N 73.667°W
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249:Montreal, Quebec
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50:Coordinates:
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2134:45°34′11.3″N
2127:
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2019:Saskatchewan
1673:16th century
1536:Richard Riot
1531:Ouimetoscope
1441:Old Montreal
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1349:
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1217:. Retrieved
1213:the original
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1069:
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918:Refus Global
909:
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893:
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888:, including
881:
867:
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843:reached the
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130:16th century
15:
2149: /
2116:WikiProject
2028:Territories
2012:Quebec City
1960:Nova Scotia
1922:by location
1291:"Hochelaga"
1219:January 14,
1127:"Hochelaga"
900:In the arts
818:West Indies
708:Mount Royal
670:Watercolour
563:Québec City
543:West Indies
535:Mount Royal
476:Ville-Marie
464:Mount Royal
424:Great Lakes
257:Mount Royal
245:Mount Royal
119:Established
72: /
2180:New France
2164:Categories
2137:73°32′17″W
1426:Hôtel-Dieu
1162:1894778243
894:Monte Real
869:Bref récit
776:Monte Real
685:1535-10-02
597:mont royal
572:Bref récit
539:New France
448:Algonquins
412:longhouses
251:, Canada.
210:Designated
1928:Provinces
1456:Grey Nuns
1406:Hochelaga
1109:Hochelaga
1078:1920-9894
1024:Stadacona
923:The film
720:longhouse
559:Stadacona
480:Outremont
440:Archéobec
420:Stadacona
416:Tutonaguy
327:Kahnawake
319:handshake
295:Iroquoian
291:Hochelaga
285:Etymology
228:Hochelaga
152:Time zone
127:Dissolved
25:Hochelaga
2080:Category
2007:Montreal
1975:Kingston
1970:Hamilton
1945:Manitoba
1660:Timeline
1601:Overdale
1274:Archived
1237:Archived
1182:Archived
1094:Archived
936:See also
849:republic
845:Americas
838:Genovese
834:European
790:, 1556).
589:Montreal
495:quarter-
428:Iroquois
355:gave to
351:, which
341:Location
239:) was a
113:Montreal
96:Province
2040:Nunavut
1990:Toronto
1980:Niagara
1965:Ontario
1935:Alberta
1546:Expo 67
1451:Citadel
696:leagues
683: (
593:toponym
452:Mohawks
353:Cartier
315:Cartier
311:osheaga
303:osheaga
299:osekare
85:Country
60:73°40′W
57:45°30′N
32:Village
2061:France
2002:Quebec
1985:Ottawa
1398:Topics
1342:
1159:
1076:
878:France
822:Venice
806:(1909)
788:Venice
716:France
601:French
599:, the
497:league
488:summit
432:Hurons
377:Venice
361:France
108:Region
101:Quebec
89:Canada
2045:Yukon
1878:2000s
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1868:1980s
1863:1970s
1858:1960s
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1693:1630s
1688:1620s
1683:1610s
1678:1600s
861:taken
555:Japan
551:China
178:UTC−4
157:UTC−5
1340:ISBN
1221:2010
1157:ISBN
1074:ISSN
859:had
591:, a
450:and
213:1920
1129:at
912:by
876:of
786:, (
714:of
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635:at
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395:by
359:of
182:EDT
171:DST
161:EST
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