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274:; meaning "firefly catching") is celebrated. They have also been thought to possibly be misrecognitions of shooting stars, animals that have luminous bryophytes attached to them, gasses that come from swamps, light bulbs, or visual hallucinations. There have also been some "artificial hitodama" created using combustible gasses (an experiment in 1976 by the Meiji University professor, Masao Yamana using
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Concerning their shape and nature, there are common features throughout Japan, but some differences could also be seen depending on the area. They fly crawling along at an elevation that is not very high. They have a color that is blue, orange, or red, and also have a tail, but it can either be short
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and are said to come out of the body 2 or 3 days after a human dies, and go toward temples or people they have a deep relation with. They are said to make a great sound in storm shutters and gardens, but that this sound can only be heard by those who have a deep relation with the spirit. Also, for
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that come from the body to react to the rain water on rainy nights and produce light, and the meager knowledge about science from the masses produced the idea of hitodama."
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would come towards them saying "let's meet, let's meet (aimashou, aimashou)" so even those who have not seen one when they are 28 years old will pretend to have seen one.
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However, there are some hitodama that cannot be explained by the above theories, so they are thought to come from various phenomena.
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When you are alone and meet the complete blueness of a hitodama, you would naturally think of it as the sorrow on a rainy night
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According to one theory, "since funerals before the war were burials, so it would be common for the
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This 葉非左 is actually of unknown meaning and pronunciation, but "hahisa" means "sorrow" in Tamil.
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The fox and the jewel: shared and private meanings in contemporary
Japanese inari worship
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Animal spaces, beastly places: new geographies of human-animal relations
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or long. There are also a few that have been seen during daytime.
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Hitodama are mentioned in literature from ancient times. In the
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posited the idea that they are "plasma from the air."
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Japanese ghosts & demons: art of the supernatural
531:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK) 2011,
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502:. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu 1999,
220:Another possibility is that they come from
16:Floating balls of fire in Japanese folklore
529:Biology of Snail-Killing Sciomyzidae Flies
201:Learn how and when to remove this message
527:Lloyd Vernon Knutson, Jean-Claude Vala:
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141:by the time they are 28 years of age, a
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472:「火の玉（ヒトダマ）」の謎 人魂の正体を追って40年 科学とロマンの奮戦記!
256:; meaning "firefly from Heike"), and
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550:). Routledge, London/New York 2000,
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183:adding citations to reliable sources
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75:Man'yōshū (Amasaki book) Chapter 16
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80:They are frequently confused with
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513:Stephen Addiss, Helen Foresman:
451:斉藤源三郎 (October 1935). "人魂に就いて".
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517:. G. Braziller, Illinois 1985,
411:民俗学研究所編著 (1955). 柳田國男監修 (ed.).
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474:. 二見ブックス. 二見書房. p. 257.
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548:Critical geographies
459:(10号（通巻94号）): 46–47.
179:improve this article
376:広辞苑 第五版 p.2255 「人魂」
258:Colophotia praeusta
498:Karen Ann Smyers:
97:Okinawa Prefecture
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566:Categories
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428:沖縄の御願ことば辞典
397:2013-03-18
359:References
266:Hotarugari
215:phosphorus
303:Kitsunebi
222:fireflies
126:Yachimata
105:, and in
86:kitsunebi
64:Man'yōshū
26:from the
413:綜合日本民俗語彙
313:Shiranui
292:See also
191:May 2014
151:Theories
114:Kawakami
73:—
47:Japanese
43:hitodama
24:Hitodama
493:Sources
276:methane
131:tamase,
124:, (now
107:Nakijin
102:tamagai
95:In the
58:Summary
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278:gas).
249:平家 ホタル
231:源氏 ホタル
144:tamase
138:tamase
334:Notes
328:Yūrei
308:Onibi
240:Genji
82:onibi
552:ISBN
533:ISBN
519:ISBN
504:ISBN
476:ISBN
453:旅と伝説
432:ISBN
318:Soul
84:and
271:蛍狩り
181:by
112:In
37:In
30:by
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457:8巻
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367:^
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51:人魂
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