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of different temperatures on special days, and by the voltex movement of air lumps, the light appears as deformed fluctuation in images of light. Tairi
Yamashita, Professor at Kumamoto University, made extensive studies of Shiranui using modern instruments with the assistance of students. He concluded that there is a very complex distribution of heated air lumps and cold air lumps which constantly change. Light from distant sources repeatedly fluctuates, and either increases or decreases or disappears. In some cases, light is split. These changes appear to the observer changing greatly and irregularly. Under the same conditions, Shiranui may appear in other seasons.
226:), Japan, has been famed for Shiranui, the unknown fire, which appears from time to time. The phenomenon occurs twice a year, about 30 September and 24 February, from some time after midnight until the approach of dawn. Sometime the light is a large ball of fire rising from the surface of the sea to a height of 60 feet; sometimes it is a line of pale red, fiery globes drifting and down the tide.
27:
39:
281:, the lights of the boats that would depart to get the fish of the tidelands would get refracted. This theory is seen as having merit even in the modern era, and Miyanishi Machika, of the high industries of Kumoto and a professor from the Hiroshima Higher Technical School, researched this as his specialty. According to him, the shiranui are fires for luring fish at night (
320:
Machika
Miyanishi, professor of Kumamoto Higher Technical School and Hiroshima Higher Technical School, made extensive scientific studies and wrote eight papers, including two English papers. His conclusion was: the light source of Shiranui was that of fishing boats. Large tideland forms lumps of air
264:
by
Machika Miyanishi, professor of Kumamoto Higher Technical School and Hiroshima Higher Technical School, who made extensive scientific studies and wrote eight papers, including two English papers, the time when shiranui appear is the time when the temperature of the sea is the greatest in the year,
205:
Many people gather to witness
Shiranui even from remote areas. I myself watched Shiranui many times. The Shiranui appears 8 to 12 kilometers distant from the seashore, but it was not sure since it was very dark. At first, one or two spots of fire appear late at night. This is named oya-dama or father
130:
They are said to be invisible from the water's surface and visible up to ten meters above the surface. If one attempts to approach them, they will appear to get farther away. They were formerly believed to be the lamps of the Dragon God, and nearby fishing villages would prohibit fishing on days when
126:
The phenomenon occurs several kilometers out from the shore in open water. First, one or two flames (called "oyabi" (親火, lit. "parent-fire")) will appear. These will split off to the left and right and multiply, eventually producing anywhere from several hundred to several thousand flames in a row.
307:
Tairi
Yamashita, Professor at Kumamoto University, made extensive studies of Shiranui using modern instruments with the assistance of students. He concluded that "Shiranui is an optical phenomenon resulting from light going through the complicated distributions of clumps of air with different
308:
temperatures and getting refracted. Therefore, the source of these lights are fires from private houses and fires used for luring fish, and so on. When these conditions are met, the same kind of phenomenon can be seen in other places and days. For example, road
316:
are the same type of phenomena. Also, Nobuyuki Marume, in the collection of essays, "Shiranui," published many photographs under the title "Changes of
Shiranui with the Passage of Time from Shiranui Town towards the Direction of Amura."
206:
fire. Then, the distance between the fires becomes longer, and subsequently, spots of fires appear and disappear as time goes by, and late at night it may become continuous. The lights appear like
166:
about these sightings, the gozoku replied that they did not know of this fire. It was thus named "shiranu hi" ("unknown fire," which eventually was slurred into "shiranui"), and the area was named
252:, Shiranui attracted the attention of many people, including scholars and newspapermen, who attempted to explain the phenomenon scientifically, and have been explained as a type of
300:
in 1933, but in it, he wrote that he did not know the cause of shiranui, and due to some who profited from delighting sightseers, he pointed out the possibility that they are from
324:
Nowadays, the tidal flats are all filled up, lightbulbs illuminate the darkness of the night, and the seawater has become polluted making it difficult to see these shiranui.
127:
They are said to span four to eight kilometers. It is believed that the greatest number of shiranui can be seen at the lowest tide, within two hours of 3:00AM.
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210:. At dawn, they disappear. When rain and strong wind come, Shiranui does not appear. Many people watch Shiranui from mountains, and they enjoy drinking
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in 1916. However, they reported conflicting data and no scientific clarification was reached. According to one theory from the
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114:. The phenomenon persists in the present day, with the strange lights having been determined to be an
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in southern Kyushu, they advanced using the shiranui as a landmark. In his journey to expand the
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Changes of
Shiranui with the Passage of Time from Shiranui Town towards the Direction of Amura
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This article is about the
Japanese atmospheric optical phenomenon. For other uses, see
2019:
1920:
256:. There was a large scale investigation with two ships and more than 50 people in the
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Suisan Jiho 1916 featuring
Shiranui,by Nagasaki Prefecture Fishery World. Collection
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Tairi
Yamashita. Kumamoto University Department of Education Kiyo. Vol. 33, 1984.
569:. Tairi Yamashita. Kumamoto University Department of Education Kiyo. Vo. 21 1972.
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563:. Shiranui reference collecting committee. 1993. Shiranui Town.
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89:. They are said to appear on days of the noon moon such as the
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557:. Miyanishi Machika. Dainippon Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha. 1943.
523:. Miyanishi Machika. Dainippon Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha. 1943.
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154:, he saw inexplicable spots of moving fire, shiranui, in the
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1983:
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102:(29th or 30th day) of the seventh month of the lunisolar
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and the tide would sink about 6 meters, resulting in a
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162:(also called the Shiranui Sea). When he told local
197:In 1835, Nakashima Hiroashi wrote a book entitled
493:藤原咲平『大気中の光象』日本現代気象名著選集第4巻 2010 大空社 (旧著 鉄塔書院 1933)
289:, results in it being seen as mysterious flames.
273:, and overlapping with the land formation at the
2812:
466:Collection An unidentified Australian newspaper
581:. Nobuyuki Marume. Photographs, 9th collection.
178:
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60:
626:
405:. Truth in fantasy. 新紀元社. pp. 179–181頁.
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371:. Truth in fantasy. 新紀元社. pp. 171頁.
362:
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37:
25:
419:
183:, "Land of Fire," or "Kingdom of Fire")
2813:
600:. Iwao Tateishi.1994. Tsukiji Shokan.
587:. Tairi Yamashita. 1994. Ashi Shobou.
561:A collection of references on Shiranui
535:. Tairi Yamashita. 1994. Ashi Shobou.
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142:, and the "Higo no Kuni Fudoki", when
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218:From time immemorial, the Gulf of
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241:Fire from undersea active volcano
526:
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2831:History of Kumamoto Prefecture
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116:atmospheric optical phenomenon
106:when the wind is weak, in the
1:
2826:Atmospheric optical phenomena
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573:Investigation on Shiranui II
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567:Investigation on Shiranui I
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298:Atmospheric Light Phenomena
179:
77:historical kana orthography
67:
10:
2857:
548:
312:, mirages in general, and
192:
121:
18:
2772:
924:
886:
648:
457:1835, Akitaya, Osaka, in
235:Reflection of star lights
173:
61:
21:Shiranui (disambiguation)
2821:Atmospheric ghost lights
433:. 毎日新聞社. pp. 191頁.
45:Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki
598:A new study of Shiranui
83:atmospheric ghost light
16:Atmospheric ghost light
2362:Yashima no Hage-tanuki
244:Light of fishing boats
216:
52:
35:
896:Konjaku Monogatarishū
203:
41:
29:
928:in Japanese Folklore
926:Legendary Creatures
453:Nakashima Hiroashi,
140:Hizen no Kuni Fudoki
131:shiranui were seen.
42:"Shiranui" from the
30:"Shiranui" from the
2836:Kumamoto Prefecture
914:Uji Shūi Monogatari
813:Taketori Monogatari
585:A study of Shiranui
555:A study of Shiranui
533:A study of Shiranui
521:A study of Shiranui
187:Kumamoto Prefecture
292:The meteorologist
238:Luminous jellyfish
53:
36:
2808:
2807:
2335:Danzaburou-danuki
840:Tsuru no Ongaeshi
804:Shita-kiri Suzume
660:Awa Tanuki Gassen
642:Japanese folklore
440:978-4-620-31428-0
412:978-4-915146-44-2
378:978-4-88317-283-2
294:Sakuhei Fujiwhara
287:optical illusions
271:radiative cooling
134:According to the
104:Japanese calendar
34:by Kikuoka Tenryō
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795:Saru Kani Gassen
789:
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723:Kachi-kachi Yama
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403:幻想世界の住人たち IV 日本編
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344:Will-o'-the-wisp
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32:Shokoku Rijindan
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2762:Zashiki-warashi
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2020:Rashōmon no oni
1366:Hitotsume-nyūdō
1334:
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750:Kobutori Jiisan
696:Hanasaka Jiisan
669:Bunbuku Chagama
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455:On the Shiranui
452:
448:
441:
429:村上健司編著 (2000).
427:
420:
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365:
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199:On the Shiranui
195:
185:, now known as
170:
124:
93:
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50:Toriyama Sekien
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2795:Shigeru Mizuki
2792:
2790:Lafcadio Hearn
2787:
2782:
2780:Kunio Yanagita
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2744:Yume no seirei
2739:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2564:Tsurube-otoshi
2559:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2517:Koto-furunushi
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
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2458:
2440:
2431:
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2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
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2357:
2348:
2339:
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2326:Tanuki-bayashi
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
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2161:
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2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2071:
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2044:
2035:
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2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
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1907:
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1889:
1880:
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1743:
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1689:
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1676:Kuchisake-onna
1671:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1588:
1579:
1570:
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1357:Hitotsume-kozō
1352:
1343:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1251:Futakuchi-onna
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
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1104:
1100:Ashinagatenaga
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
996:
987:
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922:
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890:
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884:
883:
881:
880:
876:Yotsuya Kaidan
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
777:Nezumi no Sumō
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
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682:
673:
664:
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384:
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353:
351:
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341:
336:
329:
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275:Yatsushiro Sea
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
231:
228:
194:
191:
160:Yatsushiro Sea
123:
120:
108:Yatsushiro Sea
85:told about in
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2853:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
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2801:
2798:
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2695:
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2522:
2519:
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2513:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:Chōchin'obake
2486:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:Biwa-bokuboku
2468:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2455:
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2447:
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2438:
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2375:
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2369:
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2358:
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2346:
2345:
2344:Inugami Gyōbu
2340:
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2328:
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2319:
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2240:
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2045:
2042:
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2025:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1989:
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1971:
1968:
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1962:
1959:
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1950:
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1748:Mikoshi-nyūdō
1744:
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1208:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:Daidarabotchi
1168:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1132:
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1057:
1056:
1051:
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1042:
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1038:
1037:Amazake-babaa
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
994:
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988:
985:
984:
979:
976:
975:
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967:
966:
961:
958:
957:
952:
949:
948:
947:Abura-sumashi
943:
940:
939:
934:
933:
931:
929:
923:
916:
915:
910:
907:
906:
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878:
877:
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869:
868:
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851:
850:
849:Urashima Tarō
845:
842:
841:
836:
833:
832:
827:
824:
823:
822:Tamamo-no-Mae
818:
815:
814:
809:
806:
805:
800:
797:
796:
791:
788:
787:
782:
779:
778:
773:
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769:
764:
761:
760:
755:
752:
751:
746:
743:
742:
737:
734:
733:
728:
725:
724:
719:
716:
715:
710:
707:
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701:
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689:
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680:
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674:
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655:
653:
651:
647:
643:
636:
631:
629:
624:
622:
617:
616:
613:
607:
606:4-8067-1047-4
603:
599:
596:
594:
593:4-7512-0576-5
590:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
552:
542:
541:4-7512-0576-5
538:
534:
529:
522:
517:
508:
499:
490:
481:
472:
463:
456:
450:
442:
436:
432:
425:
423:
414:
408:
404:
401:多田克己 (1990).
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
380:
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370:
363:
361:
359:
354:
345:
342:
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311:
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213:
209:
202:
200:
190:
188:
181:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:Emperor Keiko
141:
137:
132:
128:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
99:
92:
88:
84:
78:
74:
69:
57:
51:
47:
46:
40:
33:
28:
22:
2546:Tsurara-onna
2228:
2049:Onihitokuchi
2002:Kijo/Onibaba
1993:Ibaraki-dōji
1685:Kuda-gitsune
1348:Hito-gitsune
705:Hyakki Yagyō
597:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
554:
532:
528:
520:
516:
507:
498:
489:
480:
471:
462:
454:
449:
430:
402:
368:
367:草野巧 (1997).
323:
319:
314:heat shimmer
306:
297:
291:
282:
247:
217:
204:
198:
196:
133:
129:
125:
72:
68:unknown fire
55:
54:
43:
31:
2800:Inoue Enryō
2773:Folklorists
2499:Ittan-momen
2481:Boroboroton
2454:Abumi-guchi
2445:Tsukumogami
2277: [
2094:Osakabehime
2029:Shuten-dōji
1939:Oboroguruma
1786:Mokumokuren
1757:Miage-nyūdō
1640:Konaki-jiji
1420:Ishinagenjo
1335: [
1269:Gashadokuro
1193: [
1127:Bake-kujira
1046:Amefurikozō
938:Abura-akago
905:Otogi-zōshi
831:Tawara Tōda
714:Issun-bōshi
678:Hachikazuki
269:and sudden
168:Hi Province
152:Yamato Ōken
136:Nihon Shoki
94: [
2815:Categories
2785:Keigo Seki
2508:Kasa-obake
2436:Tsuchinoko
2427:Tsuchigumo
2299:Sunekosuri
2274:Shussebora
2193:Shidaidaka
2184:Shachihoko
2139:Rokurokubi
2085:Ootakemaru
1921:Nyūdō-bōzu
1894:Nurarihyon
1867:Noppera-bō
1739:Mikaribaba
1658:Koromodako
1530:Kasa-obake
1503:Kamaitachi
1323:Hiderigami
1287:Hanako-san
1163:Chimimōryō
1091:Aosaginohi
858:Uriko-hime
511:不知火資料収集委員会
502:不知火資料収集委員会
350:References
279:Ariake Sea
258:Ariake Sea
250:Taishō era
230:Hypotheses
224:Ariake Sea
180:Hi no kuni
156:Ariake Sea
146:conquered
112:Ariake Sea
2735:Yuki-onna
2663:Yamajijii
2555:Tsurubebi
2418:Tōfu-kozō
2220:Shinigami
2202:Shikigami
2175:Sazae-oni
1903:Nure-onna
1649:Korpokkur
1613:Kitsunebi
1375:Hone-onna
1305:Hashihime
1296:Harionago
1224:Funayūrei
1154:Binbōgami
1118:Azukiarai
1028:Amanozako
1019:Amanojaku
956:Aka Manto
732:Kasa Jizō
650:Folktales
339:Kitsunebi
302:noctiluca
262:Shōwa era
220:Shimabara
73:Shiranuhi
2726:Yosuzume
2681:Yamawaro
2672:Yama-uba
2654:Yamabiko
2609:Ushi-oni
2600:Umi zatō
2535:Ungaikyō
2526:Menreiki
2463:Bakezōri
2308:Takaonna
2229:Shiranui
2148:Samebito
2112:Otoroshi
2011:Kidōmaru
1912:Nurikabe
1885:Nuppeppō
1858:Noderabō
1831:Namahage
1804:Mononoke
1712:Kuzunoha
1667:Kotobuki
1602:Hakuzōsu
1566:Kijimuna
1557:Keukegen
1512:Kamikiri
1492:Nekomata
1483:Bakeneko
1456:Jorōgumo
1447:Jinmenju
1438:Janjanbi
1332:Hinezumi
1233:Furaribi
1190:Dorotabō
1181:Dodomeki
1109:Ayakashi
974:Akashita
786:Oto-hime
768:Momotarō
759:Kurozuka
687:Hakuzōsu
334:Hitodama
328:See also
277:and the
222:, (near
174:火国 or 肥国
158:and the
148:Kumamoto
110:and the
97:Wikidata
91:kaijitsu
56:Shiranui
2636:Wanyūdō
2591:Umibōzu
2573:Ubagabi
2265:Shōkera
2238:Shirime
2211:Shikome
2058:Onikuma
1975:Ōmukade
1777:Mizuchi
1631:Komainu
1593:Kitsune
1548:Kawauso
1465:Jubokko
1429:Isonade
1411:Inugami
1384:Hyōsube
1314:Hibagon
1082:Aonyōbō
1064:Amikiri
1055:Ameonna
1010:Aoandon
983:Akateko
965:Akaname
741:Kintarō
549:Sources
310:mirages
283:isaribi
267:mudflat
248:In the
193:History
122:Summary
75:in the
2699:Yobuko
2690:Yanari
2400:Tenome
2391:Tennin
2317:Tanuki
2290:Sōjōbō
2247:Shiryō
2166:Satori
2157:Sankai
2076:Ōnyūdō
1849:Ningyo
1840:Namazu
1822:Mujina
1795:Momiji
1768:Misaki
1730:Mazoku
1703:Kumiho
1622:Kodama
1575:Kinoko
1474:Kaibyō
1402:Ikuchi
1393:Ikiryō
1260:Gagoze
1215:Enenra
1206:Dragon
1073:Aobōzu
1001:Amabie
604:
591:
539:
437:
409:
375:
369:幻想動物事典
296:wrote
254:mirage
214:there.
164:gozoku
138:, the
87:Kyushu
81:is an
2841:Yōkai
2753:Yūrei
2717:Yōsei
2708:Yōkai
2627:Waira
2582:Ubume
2409:Tesso
2382:Tengu
2281:]
2256:Shōjō
2130:Raijū
2103:Osaki
2067:Onryō
2040:Onibi
1966:Okubi
1957:Okiku
1930:Obake
1813:Mōryō
1721:Kyubi
1694:Kudan
1584:Kirin
1539:Kasha
1521:Kappa
1339:]
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