332:
of different temperatures on special days, and by the voltex movement of air lumps, the light appears as deformed fluctuation in images of light. Tairi
Yamashita, Professor at Kumamoto University, made extensive studies of Shiranui using modern instruments with the assistance of students. He concluded that there is a very complex distribution of heated air lumps and cold air lumps which constantly change. Light from distant sources repeatedly fluctuates, and either increases or decreases or disappears. In some cases, light is split. These changes appear to the observer changing greatly and irregularly. Under the same conditions, Shiranui may appear in other seasons.
237:), Japan, has been famed for Shiranui, the unknown fire, which appears from time to time. The phenomenon occurs twice a year, about 30 September and 24 February, from some time after midnight until the approach of dawn. Sometime the light is a large ball of fire rising from the surface of the sea to a height of 60 feet; sometimes it is a line of pale red, fiery globes drifting and down the tide.
38:
50:
292:, the lights of the boats that would depart to get the fish of the tidelands would get refracted. This theory is seen as having merit even in the modern era, and Miyanishi Machika, of the high industries of Kumoto and a professor from the Hiroshima Higher Technical School, researched this as his specialty. According to him, the shiranui are fires for luring fish at night (
331:
Machika
Miyanishi, professor of Kumamoto Higher Technical School and Hiroshima Higher Technical School, made extensive scientific studies and wrote eight papers, including two English papers. His conclusion was: the light source of Shiranui was that of fishing boats. Large tideland forms lumps of air
275:
by
Machika Miyanishi, professor of Kumamoto Higher Technical School and Hiroshima Higher Technical School, who made extensive scientific studies and wrote eight papers, including two English papers, the time when shiranui appear is the time when the temperature of the sea is the greatest in the year,
216:
Many people gather to witness
Shiranui even from remote areas. I myself watched Shiranui many times. The Shiranui appears 8 to 12 kilometers distant from the seashore, but it was not sure since it was very dark. At first, one or two spots of fire appear late at night. This is named oya-dama or father
141:
They are said to be invisible from the water's surface and visible up to ten meters above the surface. If one attempts to approach them, they will appear to get farther away. They were formerly believed to be the lamps of the Dragon God, and nearby fishing villages would prohibit fishing on days when
137:
The phenomenon occurs several kilometers out from the shore in open water. First, one or two flames (called "oyabi" (親火, lit. "parent-fire")) will appear. These will split off to the left and right and multiply, eventually producing anywhere from several hundred to several thousand flames in a row.
318:
Tairi
Yamashita, Professor at Kumamoto University, made extensive studies of Shiranui using modern instruments with the assistance of students. He concluded that "Shiranui is an optical phenomenon resulting from light going through the complicated distributions of clumps of air with different
319:
temperatures and getting refracted. Therefore, the source of these lights are fires from private houses and fires used for luring fish, and so on. When these conditions are met, the same kind of phenomenon can be seen in other places and days. For example, road
327:
are the same type of phenomena. Also, Nobuyuki Marume, in the collection of essays, "Shiranui," published many photographs under the title "Changes of
Shiranui with the Passage of Time from Shiranui Town towards the Direction of Amura."
217:
fire. Then, the distance between the fires becomes longer, and subsequently, spots of fires appear and disappear as time goes by, and late at night it may become continuous. The lights appear like
177:
about these sightings, the gozoku replied that they did not know of this fire. It was thus named "shiranu hi" ("unknown fire," which eventually was slurred into "shiranui"), and the area was named
263:, Shiranui attracted the attention of many people, including scholars and newspapermen, who attempted to explain the phenomenon scientifically, and have been explained as a type of
311:
in 1933, but in it, he wrote that he did not know the cause of shiranui, and due to some who profited from delighting sightseers, he pointed out the possibility that they are from
335:
Nowadays, the tidal flats are all filled up, lightbulbs illuminate the darkness of the night, and the seawater has become polluted making it difficult to see these shiranui.
138:
They are said to span four to eight kilometers. It is believed that the greatest number of shiranui can be seen at the lowest tide, within two hours of 3:00AM.
150:
221:. At dawn, they disappear. When rain and strong wind come, Shiranui does not appear. Many people watch Shiranui from mountains, and they enjoy drinking
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in 1916. However, they reported conflicting data and no scientific clarification was reached. According to one theory from the
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125:. The phenomenon persists in the present day, with the strange lights having been determined to be an
31:
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in southern Kyushu, they advanced using the shiranui as a landmark. In his journey to expand the
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Changes of
Shiranui with the Passage of Time from Shiranui Town towards the Direction of Amura
1967:
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This article is about the
Japanese atmospheric optical phenomenon. For other uses, see
2030:
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267:. There was a large scale investigation with two ships and more than 50 people in the
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Suisan Jiho 1916 featuring
Shiranui,by Nagasaki Prefecture Fishery World. Collection
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Tairi
Yamashita. Kumamoto University Department of Education Kiyo. Vol. 33, 1984.
580:. Tairi Yamashita. Kumamoto University Department of Education Kiyo. Vo. 21 1972.
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574:. Shiranui reference collecting committee. 1993. Shiranui Town.
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100:. They are said to appear on days of the noon moon such as the
97:
568:. Miyanishi Machika. Dainippon Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha. 1943.
534:. Miyanishi Machika. Dainippon Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha. 1943.
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1940:
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165:, he saw inexplicable spots of moving fire, shiranui, in the
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1994:
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113:(29th or 30th day) of the seventh month of the lunisolar
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and the tide would sink about 6 meters, resulting in a
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173:(also called the Shiranui Sea). When he told local
208:In 1835, Nakashima Hiroashi wrote a book entitled
504:藤原咲平『大気中の光象』日本現代気象名著選集第4巻 2010 大空社 (旧著 鉄塔書院 1933)
300:, results in it being seen as mysterious flames.
284:, and overlapping with the land formation at the
2823:
477:Collection An unidentified Australian newspaper
592:. Nobuyuki Marume. Photographs, 9th collection.
189:
77:
183:
71:
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416:. Truth in fantasy. 新紀元社. pp. 179–181頁.
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435:
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382:. Truth in fantasy. 新紀元社. pp. 171頁.
373:
371:
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48:
36:
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194:, "Land of Fire," or "Kingdom of Fire")
14:
2824:
611:. Iwao Tateishi.1994. Tsukiji Shokan.
598:. Tairi Yamashita. 1994. Ashi Shobou.
572:A collection of references on Shiranui
546:. Tairi Yamashita. 1994. Ashi Shobou.
439:
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153:, and the "Higo no Kuni Fudoki", when
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229:From time immemorial, the Gulf of
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252:Fire from undersea active volcano
537:
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2842:History of Kumamoto Prefecture
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127:atmospheric optical phenomenon
117:when the wind is weak, in the
13:
1:
2837:Atmospheric optical phenomena
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584:Investigation on Shiranui II
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578:Investigation on Shiranui I
338:
309:Atmospheric Light Phenomena
190:
88:historical kana orthography
78:
10:
2868:
559:
323:, mirages in general, and
203:
132:
29:
2783:
935:
897:
659:
468:1835, Akitaya, Osaka, in
246:Reflection of star lights
184:
72:
32:Shiranui (disambiguation)
2832:Atmospheric ghost lights
444:. 毎日新聞社. pp. 191頁.
56:Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki
609:A new study of Shiranui
94:atmospheric ghost light
27:Atmospheric ghost light
2373:Yashima no Hage-tanuki
255:Light of fishing boats
227:
63:
46:
907:Konjaku Monogatarishū
214:
52:
40:
939:in Japanese Folklore
937:Legendary Creatures
464:Nakashima Hiroashi,
151:Hizen no Kuni Fudoki
142:shiranui were seen.
53:"Shiranui" from the
41:"Shiranui" from the
2847:Kumamoto Prefecture
925:Uji Shūi Monogatari
824:Taketori Monogatari
596:A study of Shiranui
566:A study of Shiranui
544:A study of Shiranui
532:A study of Shiranui
198:Kumamoto Prefecture
303:The meteorologist
249:Luminous jellyfish
64:
47:
2819:
2818:
2346:Danzaburou-danuki
851:Tsuru no Ongaeshi
815:Shita-kiri Suzume
671:Awa Tanuki Gassen
653:Japanese folklore
451:978-4-620-31428-0
423:978-4-915146-44-2
389:978-4-88317-283-2
305:Sakuhei Fujiwhara
298:optical illusions
282:radiative cooling
145:According to the
115:Japanese calendar
45:by Kikuoka Tenryō
16:(Redirected from
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806:Saru Kani Gassen
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764:
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734:Kachi-kachi Yama
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414:幻想世界の住人たち IV 日本編
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355:Will-o'-the-wisp
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43:Shokoku Rijindan
21:
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2773:Zashiki-warashi
2287:
2031:Rashōmon no oni
1377:Hitotsume-nyūdō
1345:
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761:Kobutori Jiisan
707:Hanasaka Jiisan
680:Bunbuku Chagama
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466:On the Shiranui
463:
459:
452:
440:村上健司編著 (2000).
438:
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376:
367:
363:
341:
243:
210:On the Shiranui
206:
196:, now known as
181:
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104:
69:
61:Toriyama Sekien
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2865:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2806:Shigeru Mizuki
2803:
2801:Lafcadio Hearn
2798:
2793:
2791:Kunio Yanagita
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2755:Yume no seirei
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2575:Tsurube-otoshi
2570:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2528:Koto-furunushi
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2451:
2442:
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2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2337:Tanuki-bayashi
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
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1801:
1792:
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1772:
1754:
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1727:
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1691:
1687:Kuchisake-onna
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
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1617:
1599:
1590:
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1471:
1462:
1453:
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1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1368:Hitotsume-kozō
1363:
1354:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1262:Futakuchi-onna
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1111:Ashinagatenaga
1106:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
943:
941:
933:
932:
930:
929:
920:
911:
901:
899:
895:
894:
892:
891:
887:Yotsuya Kaidan
882:
873:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
788:Nezumi no Sumō
783:
774:
765:
756:
747:
738:
729:
720:
711:
702:
693:
684:
675:
665:
663:
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524:
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450:
429:
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395:
388:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
352:
347:
340:
337:
286:Yatsushiro Sea
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
242:
239:
205:
202:
171:Yatsushiro Sea
134:
131:
119:Yatsushiro Sea
96:told about in
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2864:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
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2786:
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2775:
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2769:
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2757:
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2733:
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2724:
2721:
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2715:
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2706:
2703:
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2697:
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2679:
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2640:
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2524:
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2511:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:Chōchin'obake
2497:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:Biwa-bokuboku
2479:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2467:
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2380:
2375:
2374:
2369:
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2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:Inugami Gyōbu
2351:
2348:
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2333:
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2329:
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2259:
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2250:
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2209:
2206:
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2200:
2197:
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2179:
2178:
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2160:
2155:
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2146:
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2137:
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2133:
2128:
2125:
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2110:
2107:
2106:
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2056:
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2052:
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2036:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2000:
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1997:
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1991:
1988:
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1982:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1961:
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1955:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1943:
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1937:
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1928:
1925:
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1759:Mikoshi-nyūdō
1755:
1752:
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1737:
1734:
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1728:
1725:
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1218:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:Daidarabotchi
1179:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1152:
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1077:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:Amazake-babaa
1044:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1004:
999:
996:
995:
990:
987:
986:
981:
978:
977:
972:
969:
968:
963:
960:
959:
958:Abura-sumashi
954:
951:
950:
945:
944:
942:
940:
934:
927:
926:
921:
918:
917:
912:
909:
908:
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902:
900:
896:
889:
888:
883:
880:
879:
874:
871:
870:
865:
862:
861:
860:Urashima Tarō
856:
853:
852:
847:
844:
843:
838:
835:
834:
833:Tamamo-no-Mae
829:
826:
825:
820:
817:
816:
811:
808:
807:
802:
799:
798:
793:
790:
789:
784:
781:
780:
775:
772:
771:
766:
763:
762:
757:
754:
753:
748:
745:
744:
739:
736:
735:
730:
727:
726:
721:
718:
717:
712:
709:
708:
703:
700:
699:
694:
691:
690:
685:
682:
681:
676:
673:
672:
667:
666:
664:
662:
658:
654:
647:
642:
640:
635:
633:
628:
627:
624:
618:
617:4-8067-1047-4
614:
610:
607:
605:
604:4-7512-0576-5
601:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
563:
553:
552:4-7512-0576-5
549:
545:
540:
533:
528:
519:
510:
501:
492:
483:
474:
467:
461:
453:
447:
443:
436:
434:
425:
419:
415:
412:多田克己 (1990).
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
391:
385:
381:
374:
372:
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365:
356:
353:
351:
348:
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226:
224:
220:
213:
211:
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199:
192:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:Emperor Keiko
152:
148:
143:
139:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
110:
103:
99:
95:
89:
85:
80:
68:
62:
58:
57:
51:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2557:Tsurara-onna
2239:
2060:Onihitokuchi
2013:Kijo/Onibaba
2004:Ibaraki-dōji
1696:Kuda-gitsune
1359:Hito-gitsune
716:Hyakki Yagyō
608:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
543:
539:
531:
527:
518:
509:
500:
491:
482:
473:
465:
460:
441:
413:
379:
378:草野巧 (1997).
334:
330:
325:heat shimmer
317:
308:
302:
293:
258:
228:
215:
209:
207:
144:
140:
136:
83:
79:unknown fire
66:
65:
54:
42:
2811:Inoue Enryō
2784:Folklorists
2510:Ittan-momen
2492:Boroboroton
2465:Abumi-guchi
2456:Tsukumogami
2288: [
2105:Osakabehime
2040:Shuten-dōji
1950:Oboroguruma
1797:Mokumokuren
1768:Miage-nyūdō
1651:Konaki-jiji
1431:Ishinagenjo
1346: [
1280:Gashadokuro
1204: [
1138:Bake-kujira
1057:Amefurikozō
949:Abura-akago
916:Otogi-zōshi
842:Tawara Tōda
725:Issun-bōshi
689:Hachikazuki
280:and sudden
179:Hi Province
163:Yamato Ōken
147:Nihon Shoki
105: [
2826:Categories
2796:Keigo Seki
2519:Kasa-obake
2447:Tsuchinoko
2438:Tsuchigumo
2310:Sunekosuri
2285:Shussebora
2204:Shidaidaka
2195:Shachihoko
2150:Rokurokubi
2096:Ootakemaru
1932:Nyūdō-bōzu
1905:Nurarihyon
1878:Noppera-bō
1750:Mikaribaba
1669:Koromodako
1541:Kasa-obake
1514:Kamaitachi
1334:Hiderigami
1298:Hanako-san
1174:Chimimōryō
1102:Aosaginohi
869:Uriko-hime
522:不知火資料収集委員会
513:不知火資料収集委員会
361:References
290:Ariake Sea
269:Ariake Sea
261:Taishō era
241:Hypotheses
235:Ariake Sea
191:Hi no kuni
167:Ariake Sea
157:conquered
123:Ariake Sea
2746:Yuki-onna
2674:Yamajijii
2566:Tsurubebi
2429:Tōfu-kozō
2231:Shinigami
2213:Shikigami
2186:Sazae-oni
1914:Nure-onna
1660:Korpokkur
1624:Kitsunebi
1386:Hone-onna
1316:Hashihime
1307:Harionago
1235:Funayūrei
1165:Binbōgami
1129:Azukiarai
1039:Amanozako
1030:Amanojaku
967:Aka Manto
743:Kasa Jizō
661:Folktales
350:Kitsunebi
313:noctiluca
273:Shōwa era
231:Shimabara
84:Shiranuhi
2737:Yosuzume
2692:Yamawaro
2683:Yama-uba
2665:Yamabiko
2620:Ushi-oni
2611:Umi zatō
2546:Ungaikyō
2537:Menreiki
2474:Bakezōri
2319:Takaonna
2240:Shiranui
2159:Samebito
2123:Otoroshi
2022:Kidōmaru
1923:Nurikabe
1896:Nuppeppō
1869:Noderabō
1842:Namahage
1815:Mononoke
1723:Kuzunoha
1678:Kotobuki
1613:Hakuzōsu
1577:Kijimuna
1568:Keukegen
1523:Kamikiri
1503:Nekomata
1494:Bakeneko
1467:Jorōgumo
1458:Jinmenju
1449:Janjanbi
1343:Hinezumi
1244:Furaribi
1201:Dorotabō
1192:Dodomeki
1120:Ayakashi
985:Akashita
797:Oto-hime
779:Momotarō
770:Kurozuka
698:Hakuzōsu
345:Hitodama
339:See also
288:and the
233:, (near
185:火国 or 肥国
169:and the
159:Kumamoto
121:and the
108:Wikidata
102:kaijitsu
67:Shiranui
18:Shiranui
2647:Wanyūdō
2602:Umibōzu
2584:Ubagabi
2276:Shōkera
2249:Shirime
2222:Shikome
2069:Onikuma
1986:Ōmukade
1788:Mizuchi
1642:Komainu
1604:Kitsune
1559:Kawauso
1476:Jubokko
1440:Isonade
1422:Inugami
1395:Hyōsube
1325:Hibagon
1093:Aonyōbō
1075:Amikiri
1066:Ameonna
1021:Aoandon
994:Akateko
976:Akaname
752:Kintarō
560:Sources
321:mirages
294:isaribi
278:mudflat
259:In the
204:History
133:Summary
86:in the
2710:Yobuko
2701:Yanari
2411:Tenome
2402:Tennin
2328:Tanuki
2301:Sōjōbō
2258:Shiryō
2177:Satori
2168:Sankai
2087:Ōnyūdō
1860:Ningyo
1851:Namazu
1833:Mujina
1806:Momiji
1779:Misaki
1741:Mazoku
1714:Kumiho
1633:Kodama
1586:Kinoko
1485:Kaibyō
1413:Ikuchi
1404:Ikiryō
1271:Gagoze
1226:Enenra
1217:Dragon
1084:Aobōzu
1012:Amabie
615:
602:
550:
448:
420:
386:
380:幻想動物事典
307:wrote
265:mirage
225:there.
175:gozoku
149:, the
98:Kyushu
92:is an
2852:Yōkai
2764:Yūrei
2728:Yōsei
2719:Yōkai
2638:Waira
2593:Ubume
2420:Tesso
2393:Tengu
2292:]
2267:Shōjō
2141:Raijū
2114:Osaki
2078:Onryō
2051:Onibi
1977:Okubi
1968:Okiku
1941:Obake
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1595:Kirin
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1208:]
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898:Texts
219:stars
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2656:Yako
2629:Uwan
2132:Ouni
1959:Oiwa
1253:Fūri
1147:Baku
613:ISBN
600:ISBN
548:ISBN
446:ISBN
442:妖怪事典
418:ISBN
384:ISBN
223:sake
2384:Ten
1995:Oni
1887:Nue
73:不知火
59:by
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2290:ja
1348:ja
1206:ja
495:宮西
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