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3069:, located at high pressures (1 to 100 MPa; lower end requires lower temperature) and low temperatures (< 15 °C; upper end requires higher pressure). Methane clathrates can form from biogenic methane, thermogenic methane, or a mix of the two. These deposits are both a potential source of methane fuel as well as a potential contributor to global warming. The global mass of carbon stored in gas clathrates is still uncertain and has been estimated as high as 12,500
10283:
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1041:
10247:
1485:. The lowest-energy MO is the result of the overlap of the 2s orbital on carbon with the in-phase combination of the 1s orbitals on the four hydrogen atoms. Above this energy level is a triply degenerate set of MOs that involve overlap of the 2p orbitals on carbon with various linear combinations of the 1s orbitals on hydrogen. The resulting "three-over-one" bonding scheme is consistent with photoelectron spectroscopic measurements.
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2482:. Most methane in sedimentary basins is thermogenic; therefore, thermogenic methane is the most important source of natural gas. Thermogenic methane components are typically considered to be relic (from an earlier time). Generally, formation of thermogenic methane (at depth) can occur through organic matter breakup, or organic synthesis. Both ways can involve microorganisms (
2885:
1044:
2390:. Temperatures in excess of 1200 °C are required to break the bonds of methane to produce Hydrogen gas and solid carbon. However, through the use of a suitable catalyst the reaction temperature can be reduced to between 600 °C - 1000 °C depending on the chosen catalyst. The reaction is moderately endothermic as shown in the reaction equation below.
1046:
6623:
Shindell, Drew; Kuylenstierna, Johan C. I.; Vignati, Elisabetta; van
Dingenen, Rita; Amann, Markus; Klimont, Zbigniew; Anenberg, Susan C.; Muller, Nicholas; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Raes, Frank; Schwartz, Joel; Faluvegi, Greg; Pozzoli, Luca; Kupiainen, Kaarle; Höglund-Isaksson, Lena; Emberson, Lisa;
4862:
We chose LNG because it is highly efficient, low cost and widely available. Unlike kerosene, LNG can be used to self-pressurize its tank. Known as autogenous repressurization, this eliminates the need for costly and complex systems that draw on Earth's scarce helium reserves. LNG also possesses clean
3073:
carbon and as low as 500 Gt carbon. The estimate has declined over time with a most recent estimate of ≈1800 Gt carbon. A large part of this uncertainty is due to our knowledge gap in sources and sinks of methane and the distribution of methane clathrates at the global scale. For example, a source of
2078:
is lower than that of any other hydrocarbon, but the ratio of the heat of combustion (891 kJ/mol) to the molecular mass (16.0 g/mol, of which 12.0 g/mol is carbon) shows that methane, being the simplest hydrocarbon, produces more heat per mass unit (55.7 kJ/g) than other complex hydrocarbons. In many
2625:
Ruminants, such as cattle, belch methane, accounting for about 22% of the U.S. annual methane emissions to the atmosphere. One study reported that the livestock sector in general (primarily cattle, chickens, and pigs) produces 37% of all human-induced methane. A 2013 study estimated that livestock
4800:
Compressed natural gas is touted as the 'cleanest burning' alternative fuel available, since the simplicity of the methane molecule reduces tailpipe emissions of different pollutants by 35 to 97%. Not quite as dramatic is the reduction in net greenhouse-gas emissions, which is about the same as
2606:
Wetlands are the largest natural sources of methane to the atmosphere, accounting for approximately 20 - 30% of atmospheric methane. Climate change is increasing the amount of methane released from wetlands due to increased temperatures and altered rainfall patterns. This phenomeon is called
2489:
The more important source of methane at depth (crystalline bedrock) is abiotic. Abiotic means that methane is created from inorganic compounds, without biological activity, either through magmatic processes or via water-rock reactions that occur at low temperatures and pressures, like
6076:
Hmiel, Benjamin; Petrenko, V. V.; Dyonisius, M. N.; Buizert, C.; Smith, A. M.; Place, P. F.; Harth, C.; Beaudette, R.; Hua, Q.; Yang, B.; Vimont, I.; Michel, S. E.; Severinghaus, J. P.; Etheridge, D.; Bromley, T.; Schmitt, J.; Faïn, X.; Weiss, R. F.; Dlugokencky, E. (February 2020).
4249:. In: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. A Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, page 26, section C.2.3
2237:(SMR), or simply known as steam reforming, is the standard industrial method of producing commercial bulk hydrogen gas. More than 50 million metric tons are produced annually worldwide (2013), principally from the SMR of natural gas. Much of this hydrogen is used in
1988:). The methyl radical then reacts with a molecule of the halogen to form a molecule of the halomethane, with a new halogen atom as byproduct. Similar reactions can occur on the halogenated product, leading to replacement of additional hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms with
2626:
accounted for 44% of human-induced methane and about 15% of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions. Many efforts are underway to reduce livestock methane production, such as medical treatments and dietary adjustments, and to trap the gas to use its combustion energy.
7180:"Life on Mars? Rover's Latest Discovery Puts It 'On the Table' – The identification of organic molecules in rocks on the red planet does not necessarily point to life there, past or present, but does indicate that some of the building blocks were present"
2974:
Global monitoring of atmospheric methane concentrations began in the 1980s. The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased 160% since preindustrial levels in the mid-18th century. In 2013, atmospheric methane accounted for 20% of the total
6624:
Streets, David; Ramanathan, V.; Hicks, Kevin; Oanh, N. T. Kim; Milly, George; Williams, Martin; Demkine, Volodymyr; Fowler, David (January 13, 2012). "Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security".
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of methane is lower but this disadvantage is offset by methane's greater density and temperature range, allowing for smaller and lighter tankage for a given fuel mass. Liquid methane has a temperature range (91–112 K) nearly compatible with
2979:
from all of the long-lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases. Between 2011 and 2019 the annual average increase of methane in the atmosphere was 1866 ppb. From 2015 to 2019 sharp rises in levels of atmospheric methane were recorded.
6507:
2948:
Annual global methane emissions are currently approximately 580 Mt, 40% of which is from natural sources and the remaining 60% originating from human activity, known as anthropogenic emissions. The largest anthropogenic source is
1047:
4555:
Reimann, Joachim; Jetten, Mike S.M.; Keltjens, Jan T. (2015). "Metal
Enzymes in "Impossible" Microorganisms Catalyzing the Anaerobic Oxidation of Ammonium and Methane". In Peter M.H. Kroneck and Martha E. Sosa Torres (ed.).
1062:
3201:. The concentration of methane at which asphyxiation risk becomes significant is much higher than the 5–15% concentration in a flammable or explosive mixture. Methane off-gas can penetrate the interiors of buildings near
2933:
of one tonne of methane is equivalent to emitting 82.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Burning methane and producing carbon dioxide also reduces the greenhouse gas impact compared to simply venting methane to the atmosphere.
3042:, launched in 2021, promising to cut their methane emissions by 30% by 2030. This could avoid 0.2˚C of warming globally by 2050, although there have been calls for higher commitments in order to reach this target. The
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7427:
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systems and heterogeneous systems have been developed, but all have significant drawbacks. These generally operate by generating protected products which are shielded from overoxidation. Examples include the
3984:
Methane is a retained name (see P-12.3) that is preferred to the systematic name 'carbane', a name never recommended to replace methane, but used to derive the names 'carbene' and 'carbyne' for the radicals
986:
2448:
Global methane budget (2017). Shows natural sources and sinks (green), anthropogenic sources (orange), and mixed natural and anthropogenic sources (hatched orange-green for 'biomass and biofuel burning').
3419:
The presence of stable lakes of liquid methane on Titan, as well as the surface of Titan being highly chemically active and rich in organic compounds, has led scientists to consider the possibility of
5181:
3205:
and expose occupants to significant levels of methane. Some buildings have specially engineered recovery systems below their basements to actively capture this gas and vent it away from the building.
3057:(also known as methane hydrates) are solid cages of water molecules that trap single molecules of methane. Significant reservoirs of methane clathrates have been found in arctic permafrost and along
7740:
2945:
As methane is gradually converted into carbon dioxide (and water) in the atmosphere, these values include the climate forcing from the carbon dioxide produced from methane over these timescales.
3828:(IPCC) scientists warned atmospheric concentrations of methane had "exceeded the pre-industrial levels by about 150% which represented "levels unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years."
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2382:(GHG). The heat needed for the reaction can also be GHG emission free, e.g. from concentrated sunlight, renewable electricity, or burning some of the produced hydrogen. If the methane is from
6499:
6179:
4218:"Climate Change 2021. The Physical Science Basis. Summary for Policymakers. Working Group I contribution to the WGI Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"
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periods. A 2012 NASA website said the oceans were a potential important source of Arctic methane, but more recent studies associate increasing methane levels as caused by human activity.
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about "flammable air". Volta collected the gas rising from the marsh, and by 1778 had isolated pure methane. He also demonstrated that the gas could be ignited with an electric spark.
6149:"Methane Emissions from Oil and Gas May Be Significantly Underestimated; Estimates of methane coming from natural sources have been too high, shifting the burden to human activities"
2031:). While leaks from a refrigerated liquid container are initially heavier than air due to the increased density of the cold gas, the gas at ambient temperature is lighter than air.
2654:('methane-eating'), and are the main reason why little methane generated at depth reaches the sea surface. Consortia of Archaea and Bacteria have been found to oxidize methane via
2724:
during storage and transport. A number of similar plants exist around the world, although mostly these plants are targeted towards the production of long chain alkanes for use as
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Dean, Joshua F.; Middelburg, Jack J.; Röckmann, Thomas; Aerts, Rien; Blauw, Luke G.; Egger, Matthias; Jetten, Mike S. M.; de Jong, Anniek E. E.; Meisel, Ove H. (2018).
4632:
Rasul, G.; Surya
Prakash, G.K.; Olah, G.A. (2011). "Comparative study of the hypercoordinate carbonium ions and their boron analogs: A challenge for spectroscopists".
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9527:
9502:
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Forster, P.; Storelvmo, T.; Armour, K.; Collins, W.; Dufresne, J.-L.; Frame, D.; Lunt, D.J.; Mauritsen, T.; Palmer, M.D.; Watanabe, M.; Wild, M.; Zhang, H. (2021).
13058:
12731:
5938:
Climate Change 2013 – The
Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
4481:
Baik, Mu-Hyun; Newcomb, Martin; Friesner, Richard A.; Lippard, Stephen J. (2003). "Mechanistic
Studies on the Hydroxylation of Methane by Methane Monooxygenase".
3013:(23%) are similar to, the natural multi-millennial changes between glacial and interglacial periods over at least the past 800,000 years (very high confidence)".
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Climate Change 2021: The
Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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existing within Titan's lakes, using methane as a solvent in the place of water for Earth-based life and using hydrogen in the atmosphere to derive energy with
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Atreya, Sushil K.; Mahaffy, Paul R.; Wong, Ah-San (2007). "Methane and related trace species on Mars: origin, loss, implications for life, and habitability".
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in the Arctic. Some climate models suggest that today's methane emission regime from the ocean floor is potentially similar to that during the period of the
10067:
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1537:. Presently nine are known. Cooling methane at normal pressure results in the formation of methane I. This substance crystallizes in the cubic system (
1435:
report. Strong, rapid and sustained reductions in methane emissions could limit near-term warming and improve air quality by reducing global surface ozone.
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Methane is abundant in many parts of the Solar System and potentially could be harvested on the surface of another Solar System body (in particular, using
2591:
This image represents a ruminant, specifically a sheep, producing methane in the four stages of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.
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was considered to be the worst in terms of its environmental effect in
American history. It was also described as more damaging to the environment than
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may have been significantly underestimated. The largest annual increase occurred in 2021 with the overwhelming percentage caused by human activity.
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6176:
6162:
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3046:'s 2022 report states "the most cost-effective opportunities for methane abatement are in the energy sector, especially in oil and gas operations".
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11693:
11599:
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11563:
9125:
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5041:"Low-emission hydrogen production via the thermo-catalytic decomposition of methane for the decarbonisation of iron ore mines in Western Australia"
1758:
3086:) around 55.5 million years ago, although there are no data indicating that methane from clathrate dissociation currently reaches the atmosphere.
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3035:. Another explanation for the rise in methane emissions could be a slowdown of the chemical reaction that removes methane from the atmosphere.
4667:
Bernskoetter, W. H.; Schauer, C. K.; Goldberg, K. I.; Brookhart, M. (2009). "Characterization of a
Rhodium(I) σ-Methane Complex in Solution".
2185:
of the exhaust also increases the fraction of the heat energy which is in the form of kinetic energy available for propulsion, increasing the
13140:
11020:
9698:
9095:
2810:. It is the major component of natural gas, about 87% by volume. The major source of methane is extraction from geological deposits known as
7189:
6739:"A review of damages observed after catastrophic events experienced in the mid-stream gas industry compared to consequences modelling tools"
5490:
3616:-C can also mean the methane-carbon ratio, which is 1.33 by mass. Methane at scales of the atmosphere is commonly measured in teragrams (Tg
3114:
An
International Energy Agency graphic showing the potential of various emission reduction policies for addressing global methane emissions.
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Committee on the Limits of
Organic Life in Planetary Systems, Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life, National Research Council;
5681:
Roque, Breanna M.; Venegas, Marielena; Kinley, Robert D.; Nys, Rocky de; Duarte, Toni L.; Yang, Xiang; Kebreab, Ermias (March 17, 2021).
4147:
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mixtures with air. Methane gas explosions are responsible for many deadly mining disasters. A methane gas explosion was the cause of the
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1488:
Methane is an odorless, colourless and transparent gas. It does absorb visible light, especially at the red end of the spectrum, due to
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11396:
11145:
8804:
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4987:"Mathematical modelling and simulation of the thermo-catalytic decomposition of methane for economically improved hydrogen production"
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m). The positions of the hydrogen atoms are not fixed in methane I, i.e. methane molecules may rotate freely. Therefore, it is a
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5222:
Thiel, Volker (2018), "Methane Carbon Cycling in the Past: Insights from Hydrocarbon and Lipid Biomarkers", in Wilkes, Heinz (ed.),
2790:
as byproduct). In practice, a requirement for pure methane can easily be fulfilled by steel gas bottle from standard gas suppliers.
3171:. The data collected by Kayrros researchers indicate, that two large Turkmen fossil fuel fields leaked 2.6 million and 1.8 million
2177:
on engine components. Methane is easier to store than hydrogen due to its higher boiling point and density, as well as its lack of
7928:
Lunsford, Jack H. (2000). "Catalytic conversion of methane to more useful chemicals and fuels: A challenge for the 21st century".
7763:"User's Guide For Estimating Carbon Dioxide, Methane, And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Agriculture Using The State Inventory Tool"
5320:
Serrano-Silva, N.; Sarria-Guzman, Y.; Dendooven, L.; Luna-Guido, M. (2014). "Methanogenesis and methanotrophy in soil: a review".
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which is applied to represent abstracts. The coordination of "-ane", "-ene", "-one", etc. was proposed in 1866 by German chemist
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2689:
Given its cheap abundance in natural gas, there is little incentive to produce methane industrially. Methane can be produced by
2474:
The two main routes for geological methane generation are (i) organic (thermally generated, or thermogenic) and (ii) inorganic (
1500:
their blue or bluish-green colors, as light passes through their atmospheres containing methane and is then scattered back out.
9557:
9316:
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2601:
927:
2646:. Below the oxygen-replete seafloor, methanogens produce methane that is either used by other organisms or becomes trapped in
2478:). Thermogenic methane occurs due to the breakup of organic matter at elevated temperatures and pressures in deep sedimentary
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Report of the Hydrogen Production Expert Panel: A Subcommittee of the Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technical Advisory Committee
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Bohrmann, Gerhard; Torres, Marta E. (2006), Schulz, Horst D.; Zabel, Matthias (eds.), "Gas Hydrates in Marine Sediments",
6065:(Report). Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
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Climate change can increase atmospheric methane levels by increasing methane production in natural ecosystems, forming a
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3602:-C can mean the mass of carbon contained in a mass of methane, and the mass of methane is always 1.33 times the mass of
10190:
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2983:
In 2019, the atmospheric methane concentration was higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years. As stated in the
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2486:), but may also occur inorganically. The processes involved can also consume methane, with and without microorganisms.
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by about 160% since 1750, with the overwhelming percentage caused by human activity. It accounted for 20% of the total
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Gerber, P.J.; Steinfeld, H.; Henderson, B.; Mottet, A.; Opio, C.; Dijkman, J.; Falcucci, A. & Tempio, G. (2013).
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Snyder, Benjamin E. R.; Bols, Max L.; Schoonheydt, Robert A.; Sels, Bert F.; Solomon, Edward I. (December 19, 2017).
2617:
cultivation generates as much as 12% of total global methane emissions due to the long-term flooding of rice fields.
1379:
1324:
1281:
490:
3630:), which mean the same thing. Other standard units are also used, such as nanomole (nmol, one billionth of a mole),
3118:
Methane "degrades air quality and adversely impacts human health, agricultural yields, and ecosystem productivity".
1973:
ensues in which the halogen atom abstracts a hydrogen atom from a methane molecule, resulting in the formation of a
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engines. Due to the similarities between methane and LNG such engines are commonly grouped together under the term
2123:
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61:
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7830:"U.S. Methane Emissions 1990–2020: Inventories, Projections, and Opportunities for Reductions (EPA 430-R-99-013)"
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6059:
5683:"Red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) supplementation reduces enteric methane by over 80 percent in beef steers"
630:
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Bini, R.; Pratesi, G. (1997). "High-pressure infrared study of solid methane: Phase diagram up to 30 GPa".
3340:
2929:(potential of 1) over a 100-year period, and 82.5 ± 25.8 over a 20-year period. This means that, for example, a
1713:
derived from methane have been observed, mostly as unstable species in low-pressure gas mixtures. These include
8413:
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Zubrin, R. M.; Muscatello, A. C.; Berggren, M. (2013). "Integrated Mars in Situ Propellant Production System".
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and also exists in a liquid form on its surface, where it comprises the majority of the liquid in Titan's vast
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Abiotic sources of methane have been found in more than 20 countries and in several deep ocean regions so far.
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in the world's atmosphere have ranged between 300 and 400 nmol/mol during glacial periods commonly known as
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is described by four bonding molecular orbitals (MOs) resulting from the overlap of the valence orbitals on
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Lessner, Daniel J. (Dec 2009) Methanogenesis Biochemistry. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
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2244:, in the production of chemicals and in food processing. Very large quantities of hydrogen are used in the
1605:), a more convenient, liquid fuel, is challenging because the reaction typically progresses all the way to
1014:
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about where extraterrestrial abiotic methane comes from (Big Bang? supernova? mineral deposits reacting?).
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This multistep process is used by these microorganisms for energy. The net reaction of methanogenesis is:
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in its natural gas form, or by LNG carriers in its liquefied form; few countries transport it by truck.
2433:
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5977:"Very Strong Atmospheric Methane Growth in the 4 Years 2014–2017: Implications for the Paris Agreement"
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Knittel, K.; Wegener, G.; Boetius, A. (2019), McGenity, Terry J. (ed.), "Anaerobic Methane Oxidizers",
3961:
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3657:
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2903:) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in
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produces methanol from methane, but cannot be used for industrial-scale reactions. Some homogeneously
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combustion characteristics even at low throttle, simplifying engine reuse compared to kerosene fuels.
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levels on Mars. These fluctuations peaked at the end of the Martian summer at 0.6 parts per billion.
3299:
2063:
1950:
318:
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5779:, Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–21,
5226:, Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–30,
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2915:, responsible for around 30% of the rise in global temperatures since the industrial revolution.
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5841:. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press. pp. 923–1054.
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Microbial Communities Utilizing Hydrocarbons and Lipids: Members, Metagenomics and Ecophysiology
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combination, or kerolox, of producing small exhaust molecules, reducing coking or deposition of
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that generate natural gas are buried deeper and at higher temperatures than those that contain
2721:
2233:, which is mostly composed of methane, is used to produce hydrogen gas on an industrial scale.
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if the oxygen concentration is reduced to below about 16% by displacement, as most people can
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Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna; Steigerwald, Bill; Jones, Nancy; Good, Andrew (June 7, 2018).
3958:
Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book)
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is a method of recovering methane from non-mineable coal seams). It is associated with other
2705:
2374:
Hydrogen can also be produced via the direct decomposition of methane, also known as methane
2364:
2100:
1621:
1000:
970:
698:
7047:
6887:
6738:
4940:
2735:
2587:
13018:
12962:
12494:
12410:
12147:
10910:
10221:
10205:
9830:
9201:
9172:
9053:
8877:
7624:
The history and description of fossil fuel, the collieries, and coal trade of Great Britain
7542:
7462:
7376:
7322:
7255:
7043:
6961:
6633:
6422:
6368:
6090:
5988:
5694:
5515:
Boswell, Ray; Collett, Timothy S. (2011). "Current perspectives on gas hydrate resources".
5417:
5329:
5282:
5157:
5052:
4998:
4676:
4641:
4428:
4367:
4271:
3386:
3025:
2709:
2516:, a form of anaerobic respiration only known to be conducted by some members of the domain
2092:
2016:
432:
105:
32:
7451:"Have olivine, will gas: Serpentinization and the abiogenic production of methane on Mars"
6838:
6278:
8:
13079:
12970:
12655:
12489:
12111:
11885:
11131:
10905:
10406:
10165:
10145:
9958:
9648:
9136:
9000:
8975:
8943:
8862:
8712:
7912:
7358:
6253:"Guest post: The Global Methane Pledge needs to go further to help limit warming to 1.5C"
6157:
4346:"Hazy Blue Worlds: A Holistic Aerosol Model for Uranus and Neptune, Including Dark Spots"
3682:
3667:
3538:
3405:
2879:
2639:
2096:
1892:
1413:
1409:
1193:
288:
164:
7733:"Is there is any difference in expressing greenhouse gases as CH4Kg/ha and CH4-C Kg/ha?"
7546:
7466:
7380:
7326:
7259:
6637:
6426:
6372:
6094:
5992:
5834:
5698:
5421:
5333:
5286:
5161:
5056:
5002:
4680:
4645:
4558:
Sustaining Life on Planet Earth: Metalloenzymes Mastering Dioxygen and Other Chewy Gases
4432:
4371:
4275:
3243:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
2466:
248:
174:
12643:
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12531:
12138:
11972:
11942:
11878:
10263:
10185:
10155:
10100:
9977:
9953:
9452:
9386:
9251:
9211:
9062:
9025:
8985:
8964:
8907:
8882:
8722:
8682:
7659:
7622:
7480:
7289:
7226:
7184:
7007:
6665:
6122:
5725:
5682:
5381:
5356:
5245:
5173:
5169:
5121:
5094:
5068:
5014:
4700:
4614:
4597:
Bordwell, Frederick G. (1988). "Equilibrium acidities in dimethyl sulfoxide solution".
4401:
4388:
4357:
4345:
4287:
3364:
3325:
3138:
3058:
3017:
2904:
2865:
2843:
2811:
2509:
2245:
2215:
2075:
2032:
1829:
1691:
1492:, but the effect is only noticeable if the light path is very long. This is what gives
1076:
795:
780:
475:
310:
228:
7941:
7900:
7570:
Lettere del Signor Don Alessandro Volta ... Sull' Aria Inflammable Nativa Delle Paludi
6529:
5341:
2701:, which is practiced on a large scale to produce longer-chain molecules than methane.
2035:
distribute large amounts of natural gas, of which methane is the principal component.
1880:
is a systematically reduced four-step chemistry that explains the burning of methane.
13110:
13002:
12994:
12560:
12523:
12426:
12317:
12302:
12297:
12102:
11894:
11321:
10722:
10652:
10512:
10460:
10444:
10436:
10357:
10210:
9793:
9693:
9663:
9581:
9321:
9206:
9162:
9110:
8917:
8912:
8844:
8504:
8487:
8432:
7880:
7799:"What does CH4-C mean? – Definition of CH4-C – CH4-C stands for Methane-carbon ratio"
7498:
7404:
7367:
7340:
7313:
7281:
7246:
7230:
7213:
6657:
6649:
6593:
6339:
6316:
6126:
6114:
6106:
6025:
5949:
5852:
5788:
5730:
5712:
5627:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Archived from
5435:
5386:
5249:
5235:
5177:
5145:
5126:
5072:
5018:
4692:
4579:
4569:
4537:
4517:
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4405:
4393:
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3344:
3332:
3318:
3054:
2976:
2937:
2747:
2683:
2647:
2643:
2475:
2079:
areas with a dense enough population, methane is piped into homes and businesses for
1958:
1527:
1519:
1503:
The familiar smell of natural gas as used in homes is achieved by the addition of an
1458:
1424:
1420:
1405:
1383:
1333:
12591:
8796:
7648:"On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monoamines"
7484:
7293:
6669:
6532:(Press release). The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). September 19, 2012.
6078:
5595:
4618:
4291:
4160:
198:
13100:
12779:
12515:
12502:
12402:
12346:
12307:
12233:
12220:
12174:
11963:
10841:
10485:
10362:
10287:
10275:
10195:
10095:
10000:
9948:
9381:
9256:
9221:
9142:
9130:
9090:
8995:
8928:
7962:
7937:
7550:
7470:
7394:
7384:
7330:
7271:
7263:
7218:
7059:
7051:
6957:
6787:
6641:
6473:"Methane Releases From Arctic Shelf May Be Much Larger and Faster Than Anticipated"
6440:
6430:
6386:
6376:
6308:
6098:
5996:
5941:
5780:
5720:
5702:
5524:
5425:
5376:
5368:
5337:
5300:
5290:
5227:
5165:
5116:
5106:
5064:
5060:
5010:
5006:
4968:
4704:
4684:
4649:
4606:
4561:
4529:
4490:
4436:
4383:
4375:
4279:
4156:
3965:
3567:(meaning "wood"). The radical is named after this because it was first detected in
3454:
3443:
2799:
2787:
2783:
2771:
2694:
2202:(54–90 K). The fuel currently sees use in operational launch vehicles such as
2186:
2182:
1997:
1386:
1355:
1337:
1298:
1255:
1249:
650:
644:
190.56 K (−82.59 °C; −116.66 °F), 4.5992 MPa (45.391 atm)
538:
12664:
12611:
12198:
7309:"Background levels of methane in Mars' atmosphere show strong seasonal variations"
7081:"Release 18-050 – NASA Finds Ancient Organic Material, Mysterious Methane on Mars"
6058:(2013). Stocker, T. F.; Qin, D.; Plattner, G.-K.; Tignor, M.; et al. (eds.).
5933:
5784:
5231:
4972:
4815:
4518:"Iron and Copper Active Sites in Zeolites and Their Correlation to Metalloenzymes"
3469:. Volta was inspired to search for the substance after reading a paper written by
12630:
12510:
12354:
12312:
12288:
12274:
12260:
10926:
10577:
10452:
10367:
10347:
9883:
9858:
9396:
9336:
9120:
9020:
9005:
8990:
8897:
8887:
8577:
7698:
7577:
7554:
6737:
OSMAN, Karim; GENIAUT, Baptiste; HERCHIN, Nicolas; BLANCHETIERE, Vincent (2015).
6183:
5945:
5707:
5210:
4947:
4724:
4653:
3872:
Forsterite + Fayalite + Water + Carbonic acid → Serpentine + Magnetite + Methane
3737:
3075:
2954:
2461:
2317:
2264:
2234:
2211:
2194:
2190:
2004:
2000:
structures, depending upon reaction conditions and the halogen-to-methane ratio.
1974:
1653:
1562:
1546:
1508:
1292:
1112:
814:
337:
12323:
10377:
10337:
7593:
6771:
Casal, Joaquim; Gómez-Mares, Mercedes; Muñoz, Miguel; Palacios, Adriana (2012).
6711:
6586:"Scientists shocked by Arctic permafrost thawing 70 years sooner than predicted"
5622:
4753:"Lumber Company Locates Kilns at Landfill to Use Methane – Energy Manager Today"
4565:
4533:
3969:
3094:
and seafloor methane clathrates is a potential consequence and further cause of
2697:. Methane is also a side product of the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide in the
396:
13115:
12605:
12555:
11826:
10918:
10625:
10601:
10589:
10565:
10468:
10352:
10298:
10120:
10085:
9868:
9758:
9723:
9708:
9643:
9638:
9537:
9437:
9356:
9331:
9296:
9241:
9216:
9085:
8933:
8539:
8408:
8383:
7531:"Possibilities for methanogenic life in liquid methane on the surface of Titan"
7363:"Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars"
6201:"Methane much more sensitive to global heating than previously thought – study"
5095:"The origin, source, and cycling of methane in deep crystalline rock biosphere"
4262:
Etiope, Giuseppe; Lollar, Barbara Sherwood (2013). "Abiotic Methane on Earth".
4115:
3848:
3783:
3728:
3723:
3697:
3450:
3409:
3360:
3194:
3187:
3176:
3095:
2912:
2850:
2779:
2767:
2751:
2513:
2503:
2483:
2412:
2379:
2207:
2071:
2027:
Methane may be transported as a refrigerated liquid (liquefied natural gas, or
1993:
1978:
1970:
1699:
1606:
1515:
1428:
1202:
745:
733:
712:
11804:
11278:
8667:
7113:
7055:
6102:
5600:. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
5430:
5405:
5372:
4440:
3182:
equivalent of 366 million tonnes into the atmosphere, surpassing the annual CO
3102:. Data from 2016 indicate that Arctic permafrost thaws faster than predicted.
2452:
Methane can be generated through geological, biological or industrial routes.
13094:
10150:
10005:
9888:
9863:
9844:
9788:
9668:
9626:
9621:
9361:
9351:
9311:
9186:
9080:
9035:
9010:
8892:
8872:
8738:
7033:
6889:"California methane gas leak 'more damaging than Deepwater Horizon disaster'"
6862:"The Massive Methane Blowout In Aliso Canyon Was The Largest in U.S. History"
6653:
6597:
6312:
6110:
6029:
5716:
5319:
5111:
4225:
3458:
3130:
2960:
2846:
2815:
2807:
2690:
2635:
2537:
2444:
2199:
2170:
2162:
2131:
2012:
1989:
1797:
1703:
1695:
1489:
835:
671:
620:
610:
299:
10786:
7389:
7362:
7335:
7308:
7267:
7222:
6645:
6530:"Arctic sea ice reaches lowest extent for the year and the satellite record"
4816:
Thunnissen, Daniel P.; Guernsey, C. S.; Baker, R. S.; Miyake, R. N. (2004).
4688:
13071:
12622:
12225:
11930:
11918:
11661:
11551:
11470:
10226:
10080:
9933:
9873:
9853:
9825:
9753:
9633:
9616:
9571:
9522:
9427:
9147:
9100:
8948:
8763:
8748:
8534:
8519:
8514:
7711:
7408:
7399:
7344:
7285:
6661:
6118:
5734:
5628:
5455:"'Exceptional' surge in methane emissions from wetlands worries scientists"
5439:
5390:
5355:
Sirohi, S. K.; Pandey, Neha; Singh, B.; Puniya, A. K. (September 1, 2010).
5130:
4696:
4583:
4541:
4502:
4397:
4113:
3838:
3803:
3793:
3496:
3481:
3397:
3371:
3356:
3289:
3285:
3273:
3244:
3172:
3164:
3160:
2968:
2953:, responsible for around one quarter of emissions, closely followed by the
2743:
2717:
2679:
2659:
2651:
2491:
1638:
1570:
1443:
750:
7064:
6079:"Preindustrial 14CH4 indicates greater anthropogenic fossil CH4 emissions"
5146:"Indications for an active petroleum system in the Laptev Sea, NE Siberia"
4845:
2853:
and reworked methane from deep under the Earth's surface. In general, the
1068:
12265:
12080:
11955:
11669:
11539:
10996:
10984:
10883:
10878:
10873:
10850:
10553:
10541:
10529:
10200:
10110:
10075:
10042:
9968:
9943:
9783:
9688:
9658:
9542:
9457:
9447:
9177:
9105:
8785:
8780:
8687:
8564:
8529:
8349:
8332:
8264:
8230:
8213:
7475:
7450:
7211:
Voosen, Paul (June 7, 2018). "NASA rover hits organic pay dirt on Mars".
6772:
6435:
6381:
6356:
6153:
6001:
5976:
5295:
5270:
4560:. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 15. Springer. pp. 257–313.
4379:
3748:
3717:
3712:
3631:
3571:, an alcohol first isolated by distillation of wood. The chemical suffix
3515:", which denotes substances belonging to the alkane family; and the word
3466:
3413:
3021:
2950:
2900:
2831:
2763:
2739:
2729:
2425:
2387:
2302:
2230:
2127:
2084:
2067:
2059:
2051:
1870:
1673:
1538:
1390:
1363:
1088:
1075:
6622:
4610:
4191:
United Nations Environment Programme and Climate and Clean Air Coalition
3537:(corresponding to English "methylene"), the root of which was coined by
1761:. Methanium can also be produced as diluted solutions from methane with
1054:
11984:
11906:
11780:
11008:
10613:
10115:
10057:
10020:
9995:
9893:
9703:
9566:
8768:
8758:
8753:
8743:
8692:
8366:
8298:
8281:
8247:
7276:
6791:
6391:
6226:
5835:"The Earth's Energy Budget, Climate Feedbacks, and Climate Sensitivity"
5528:
5305:
4924:"China beats rivals to successfully launch first methane-liquid rocket"
4145:
Khalil, M. A. K. (1999). "Non-Co2 Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere".
3852:
3773:
3091:
3039:
2346:
2268:
2083:, cooking, and industrial uses. In this context it is usually known as
2008:
1833:
1558:
1400:
and is formed by both geological and biological processes. The largest
1061:
661:
557:
319:
279:
7663:
4494:
4283:
2716:, a resource that is otherwise difficult to transport for its weight,
1820:
11839:
11531:
11502:
11348:
11218:
11161:
10972:
10888:
10695:
10047:
9912:
9748:
9552:
9432:
9286:
9261:
8775:
8697:
8549:
8196:
7876:
7151:
6445:
5878:"Methane and climate change – Global Methane Tracker 2022 – Analysis"
5808:"Methane and climate change – Global Methane Tracker 2022 – Analysis"
4784:"Natural Gas Cars: CNG Fuel Almost Free in Some Parts of the Country"
4088:. US: Metheson Tri-Gas Incorporated. December 4, 2009. Archived from
3733:
3424:
3202:
3141:, due to past accidental releases that concluded in the formation of
3122:
2957:, which includes emissions from coal, oil, natural gas and biofuels.
2858:
2803:
2650:. These other organisms that utilize methane for energy are known as
2529:
2375:
2316:
206 kJ/mol). Additional hydrogen is obtained by the reaction of
2238:
2088:
1962:
1866:
1801:
1762:
1742:
1714:
1677:
1625:
1523:
1401:
1396:
Naturally occurring methane is found both below ground and under the
738:
443:
7530:
6475:(Press release). National Science Foundation (NSF). March 10, 2010.
6410:
5224:
Hydrocarbons, Oils and Lipids: Diversity, Origin, Chemistry and Fate
4666:
2678:
This diagram shows a method for producing methane sustainably. See:
2047:
for ovens, homes, water heaters, kilns, automobiles, turbines, etc.
1201:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
12255:
11834:
11730:
11490:
11360:
11261:
11226:
11119:
11090:
10960:
10757:
10517:
10015:
9927:
9728:
9591:
9576:
9547:
9416:
9191:
9015:
8959:
8953:
8922:
8867:
8835:
8717:
8702:
8653:
8554:
8524:
8509:
8482:
8455:
8179:
8162:
7827:
5404:
Lyu, Zhe; Shao, Nana; Akinyemi, Taiwo; Whitman, William B. (2018).
4362:
4304:
3856:
3797:
3787:
3635:
3568:
3485:
3355:
from the raw materials available on Mars, utilizing water from the
3339:
due in part to the possibility of synthesizing it on the planet by
3142:
2964:
2854:
2839:
2725:
2525:
2521:
2368:
2256:
2241:
2219:
2203:
2166:
1954:
1938:
1934:
1645:
1602:
1593:
1586:
1504:
1482:
1397:
1351:
1178:
1173:
1027:
683:
357:
7693:. Chemistry Department, Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut).
7147:"Curiosity Rover Finds Ancient 'Building Blocks for Life' on Mars"
6357:"Methane feedbacks to the global climate system in a warmer world"
5271:"Methane Feedbacks to the Global Climate System in a Warmer World"
4818:"Advanced Space Storable Propellants for Outer Planet Exploration"
1514:, as a safety measure. Methane has a boiling point of −161.5
197:
12094:
11757:
11478:
11340:
11153:
11082:
11068:
10944:
10687:
10660:
10496:
10180:
10010:
9963:
9922:
9878:
9820:
9815:
9778:
9768:
9763:
9718:
9713:
9653:
9586:
9477:
9422:
9301:
9291:
9044:
8637:
8627:
8315:
8094:
8060:
8026:
7244:
ten Kate, Inge Loes (June 8, 2018). "Organic molecules on Mars".
5569:"Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2014"
3870:. The reaction producing methane from olivine can be written as:
3844:
3777:
3428:
3375:
3070:
2713:
2517:
2479:
2251:
At high temperatures (700–1100 °C) and in the presence of a
2080:
1942:
1930:
1889:
1809:
1649:
1634:
1497:
1389:, and among the simplest of organic compounds. Methane is also a
1374:, although capturing and storing it is difficult because it is a
1168:
1140:
687:
679:
675:
667:
588:
383:
6709:
6500:"Vast methane 'plumes' seen in Arctic ocean as sea ice retreats"
6251:
Forster, Piers; Smith, Chris; Rogelj, Joeri (November 2, 2021).
3449:
Methane was first scientifically identified in November 1776 by
3229:
2895:) measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (
2580:
Testing Australian sheep for exhaled methane production (2001),
1793:, have been studied theoretically and conjectured to be stable.
11722:
11714:
10952:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10504:
10231:
10052:
10034:
9497:
9467:
8969:
8632:
8544:
8499:
8145:
8128:
8111:
8077:
8043:
8009:
7985:
6736:
4224:. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Archived from
3687:
3416:
of which is believed to be almost pure methane in composition.
3401:
3352:
3062:
2835:
2533:
2429:
2383:
2277:
2260:
2147:
2110:) converted into liquid form for ease of storage or transport.
2074:
for each unit of heat released. At about 891 kJ/mol, methane's
1946:
1766:
1710:
1657:
1618:
1614:
1599:
1590:
1566:
1493:
1478:
1359:
1347:
1163:
1145:
1135:
805:
259:
25:
21:
6921:"'Mind-boggling' methane emissions from Turkmenistan revealed"
6018:"Sharp rise in methane levels threatens world climate targets"
4739:
Advance Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure
2704:
An example of large-scale coal-to-methane gasification is the
1836:
of methane is a multiple step reaction summarized as follows:
1307:
11456:
11332:
9266:
9196:
6770:
6556:"Frontiers 2018/19: Emerging Issues of Environmental Concern"
6177:
First active leak of sea-bed methane discovered in Antarctica
6075:
5832:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3546:
3462:
3370:
Methane could be produced by a non-biological process called
3288:
and most of the larger moons. With the possible exception of
2581:
2252:
2135:
1610:
1582:
1367:
691:
407:
239:
187:
3491:
The name "methane" was coined in 1866 by the German chemist
1310:
1267:
459:
8587:
8424:
7118:
7085:
7078:
6055:
5541:
5268:
3639:
3269:
3083:
2823:
2614:
2174:
2139:
2044:
1966:
1824:
Methane bubbles can be burned on a wet hand without injury.
1454:
1439:
1438:
Methane has also been detected on other planets, including
1371:
1313:
1270:
1264:
578:
348:
7954:
4480:
2842:. Methane is produced at shallow levels (low pressure) by
2712:
as a way to develop abundant local resources of low-grade
1573:. In general, methane reactions are difficult to control.
16:
Hydrocarbon compound (CH₄) in natural gas; simplest alkane
6813:"Porter Ranch gas leak permanently capped, officials say"
6710:
Messina, Lawrence & Bluestein, Greg (April 8, 2010).
4876:"SpaceX propulsion chief elevates crowd in Santa Barbara"
4801:
corn-grain ethanol at about a 20% reduction over gasoline
4515:
2884:
2871:
2569:
The final step in the process is catalyzed by the enzyme
2028:
1681:
1375:
7691:"Development of systematic names for the simple alkanes"
7528:
6947:
6411:"The interaction of climate change and methane hydrates"
5597:
Livestock's Long Shadow–Environmental Issues and Options
4899:"SpaceX advances drive for Mars rocket via Raptor power"
3199:
tolerate a reduction from 21% to 16% without ill effects
2896:
2658:(AOM); the organisms responsible for this are anaerobic
2003:
This reaction is commonly used with chlorine to produce
7828:
Office of Air and Radiation, US EPA (October 7, 1999).
7357:
7306:
5903:"Study Finds Surprising Arctic Methane Emission Source"
5354:
5092:
4741:. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. pp. 533–534.
3313:) on Mars – potential sources and sinks
2642:
microorganisms within the first few centimeters of the
5940:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 659–740, 2013,
5483:"New source of methane discovered in the Arctic Ocean"
5403:
4631:
2540:
sediments below the seafloor and the bottom of lakes.
2087:, which is considered to have an energy content of 39
11277:
8826:
7424:"Elon Musk Shows Off Interplanetary Transport System"
7307:
Webster, Christopher R.; et al. (June 8, 2018).
7114:"Ancient Organics Discovered on Mars – video (03:17)"
5774:
5680:
5203:
4554:
4212:
4210:
4208:
1325:
1316:
1282:
1273:
1006:
10785:
6712:"Fed official: Still too soon for W.Va. mine rescue"
3105:
1526:
over a range of concentrations (5.4%–17%) in air at
4781:
3005:(156%) concentrations far exceed, and increases in
2967:, and between 600 and 700 nmol/mol during the warm
2263:), steam reacts with methane to yield a mixture of
1304:
1301:
1261:
1258:
615:−182.456 °C (−296.421 °F; 90.694 K)
6250:
5313:
4825:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
4727:. People.hofstra.edu. Retrieved on March 30, 2014.
4205:
3427:, in much the same way that Earth-based life uses
1888:Given appropriate conditions, methane reacts with
7448:
6943:
6941:
6839:"California methane leak 'largest in US history'"
6224:
5143:
4114:NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US GOV.
3831:
3374:involving water, carbon dioxide, and the mineral
3074:methane was discovered relatively recently in an
215:
13092:
10328:
7105:
6307:, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 481–512,
5747:
5542:Global Environment Facility (December 7, 2019).
5086:
4950:. United States Department of Energy (May 2013).
4453:
3284:Methane has been detected on all planets of the
1404:of methane is under the seafloor in the form of
395:
7517:The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems
7509:
7491:
6860:Davila Fragoso, Alejandro (February 26, 2016).
6060:Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis
3396:Methane has been detected in vast abundance on
2720:content, low calorific value and propensity to
1949:(I). This mechanism for this process is called
1800:of its C–H bonds, there is intense interest in
1043:
173:
7645:
7519:; The National Academies Press, 2007; page 74.
7351:
7300:
7237:
6938:
6859:
6616:
6548:
6404:
6402:
6302:
5741:
5652:"New Zealand Tries to Cap Gaseous Sheep Burps"
5514:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5258:
4965:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
4718:Energy Content of some Combustibles (in MJ/kg)
4305:Hensher, David A.; Button, Kenneth J. (2003).
4257:
4255:
3956:"General Principles, Rules, and Conventions".
2367:in the production of chloromethanes, although
1557:The primary chemical reactions of methane are
1427:from all of the long-lived and globally mixed
1419:The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration
625:−161.5 °C (−258.7 °F; 111.6 K)
10314:
8812:
8440:
7970:
7204:
7072:
6682:
6497:
6408:
6296:
5934:"Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing"
4344:P.G.J Irwin; et al. (January 12, 2022).
2378:, which, unlike steam reforming, produces no
1461:hydrogen and carbon in a molecule of methane.
7949:CDC – Handbook for Methane Control in Mining
7627:. London, Whittaker and Co. pp. 271–272
7588:
7586:
7171:
7138:
6994:
6968:
6836:
6805:
6336:Sustaining the Earth: An Integrated Approach
5768:
5196:
4775:
4261:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
3532:
3531:, which is a back-formation from the French
3526:
3520:
3404:, it comprises a significant portion of its
3347:may be used with a mixed catalyst bed and a
3150:methane gas leak in Aliso Canyon, California
3137:has also been a major focus in the field of
3121:Methane is extremely flammable and may form
2864:Methane is generally transported in bulk by
2210:as well as in-development launchers such as
1883:
12190:
11954:
11877:
10849:
10389:
7730:
6491:
6399:
6328:
6140:
5649:
5625:"Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock"
5616:
5348:
5255:
5137:
4890:
4878:. Pacific Business Times. February 19, 2014
4868:
4811:
4809:
4418:
4412:
4343:
4252:
4148:Annual Review of Energy and the Environment
3951:
3949:
3351:in a single reactor to produce methane and
3208:
2786:, mixed and heated above 300 °C (with
1408:. When methane reaches the surface and the
1093:−188 °C (−306.4 °F; 85.1 K)
11773:
10321:
10307:
8819:
8805:
8447:
8433:
7977:
7963:
7731:Jayasundara, Susantha (December 3, 2014).
7724:
7652:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
7421:
6918:
6885:
6522:
6069:
5643:
5215:
4138:
4083:"Safety Datasheet, Material Name: Methane"
2363:Methane is also subjected to free-radical
474:
309:
287:
31:"CH4" redirects here. For other uses, see
11796:
11660:
11522:
10429:
7821:
7583:
7499:"Cassini Explores a Methane Sea on Titan"
7474:
7398:
7388:
7334:
7275:
7063:
6444:
6434:
6390:
6380:
6348:
6338:. U.S.: Thomson Advantage Books, p. 160.
6198:
6048:
6000:
5895:
5724:
5706:
5429:
5380:
5304:
5294:
5120:
5110:
4897:Belluscio, Alejandro G. (March 7, 2014).
4896:
4387:
4361:
4311:. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 168.
4308:Handbook of transport and the environment
4167:
3826:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
3575:is from the coordinating chemical suffix
3167:to be the worst in the world for methane
2822:, a method for extracting methane from a
1449:
1433:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
431:
11254:
11217:
10750:
10715:
7927:
7791:
7442:
7422:Richardson, Derek (September 27, 2016).
7243:
6465:
5587:
5544:"We can grow more climate-friendly rice"
5045:International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
4991:International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
4806:
4596:
4350:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
3946:
3806:, a functional group related to methane.
3438:
3385:
3331:Methane has been proposed as a possible
3324:has documented seasonal fluctuations of
3298:
3276:), providing fuel for a return journey.
3109:
2936:
2883:
2818:extraction becoming a major source (see
2673:
2586:
2575:
2465:
2443:
1819:
1453:
12131:
11750:
11144:
10680:
7918:Gas (Methane) Hydrates – A New Frontier
7913:International Chemical Safety Card 0291
7755:
7620:
5038:
4984:
4953:
3556:(wine) (related to English "mead") and
3378:, which is known to be common on Mars.
3266:methane production from local materials
3016:In February 2020, it was reported that
2798:Methane was discovered and isolated by
2757:
470:
373:
13093:
12167:
12093:
11713:
11110:
11081:
10943:
10495:
7561:
7522:
7210:
6982:from the original on November 16, 2019
6691:from the original on November 11, 2012
6510:from the original on December 25, 2011
6146:
5974:
5452:
4782:Cornell, Clayton B. (April 29, 2008).
4462:from the original on February 12, 2020
4144:
4008:from the original on December 26, 2018
3480:of 1812 in which 92 men perished, Sir
3219:
3175:of methane in 2022 alone, pumping the
2872:Atmospheric methane and climate change
2602:Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands
2165:combination offers the advantage over
1667:
1576:
1107:537 °C (999 °F; 810 K)
300:
11469:
11331:
10645:
10302:
8800:
8428:
7958:
7872:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
7846:from the original on October 26, 2020
7177:
7000:
6453:from the original on February 7, 2020
6147:Harvey, Chelsea (February 21, 2020).
6015:
5756:from the original on November 4, 2012
5510:
5508:
5477:
5475:
5221:
4963:(2006) "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons" in
4736:
4625:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
2778:. It can also be made from anhydrous
2629:
2225:
1808:in methane (and other lower numbered
1552:
502:Key: VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
267:
247:
13141:Organic compounds with 1 carbon atom
7779:from the original on October 1, 2021
7743:from the original on October 1, 2021
7430:from the original on October 1, 2016
7144:
7111:
6900:from the original on January 4, 2016
6604:from the original on October 6, 2019
6536:from the original on October 4, 2012
6354:
6054:
5184:from the original on October 1, 2021
4852:from the original on October 1, 2021
4247:IPCC, 2023: Summary for Policymakers
4126:from the original on January 9, 2019
3811:
3579:which is from Latin feminine suffix
3511:is coined from the chemical suffix "
3223:
2834:fuels, and sometimes accompanied by
2802:between 1776 and 1778 when studying
2669:
2497:
2455:
2113:
1694:is estimated to be 56. It cannot be
1637:, and iron zeolites stabilizing the
1613:even with an insufficient supply of
1370:makes it an economically attractive
7809:from the original on April 11, 2015
7529:McKay, C. P.; Smith, H. D. (2005).
7001:Chang, Kenneth (November 2, 2012).
6773:"Jet Fires: a "Minor" Fire Hazard?"
6498:Connor, Steve (December 13, 2011).
6479:from the original on August 1, 2018
6276:
6175:Carrington, Damian (July 21, 2020)
5913:from the original on August 4, 2014
5826:
5593:
5575:from the original on April 12, 2019
5493:from the original on April 10, 2019
4325:from the original on March 19, 2015
4193:(Report). Nairobi. 2022. p. 12
3525:(1840) or directly from the French
3519:, which is derived from the German
3292:, it is believed to have come from
3127:Upper Big Branch coal mine disaster
3038:Over 100 countries have signed the
2941:Sources of global methane emissions
2732:, or feedstock to other processes.
386:
356:
13:
10191:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
7709:
7602:from the original on March 3, 2016
6962:10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000201
6919:Carrington, Damian (May 9, 2023).
6837:Matt McGrath (February 26, 2016).
6718:from the original on April 8, 2010
6227:"Homepage | Global Methane Pledge"
6036:from the original on July 30, 2019
5750:"Do cows pollute as much as cars?"
5748:Silverman, Jacob (July 16, 2007).
5604:from the original on July 26, 2008
5505:
5472:
5170:10.1111/j.1747-5457.2005.tb00088.x
4020:
3720:, halogenated methane derivatives.
3623:) or millions of metric tons (MMT
2828:enhanced coal bed methane recovery
2742:to produce hydrogen from water by
2019:can be made with excess chlorine.
1039:
70:
60:
14:
13152:
10091:Atomic and molecular astrophysics
8828:Molecules detected in outer space
7894:
7580:, Milan, Italy: Giuseppe Marelli.
7192:from the original on June 8, 2018
7159:from the original on June 7, 2018
7126:from the original on June 7, 2018
7093:from the original on June 7, 2018
7015:from the original on June 8, 2019
6780:Chemical Engineering Transactions
6016:McKie, Robin (February 2, 2017).
5975:Nisbet, E.G. (February 5, 2019).
5453:Tandon, Ayesha (March 20, 2023).
4763:from the original on July 9, 2019
3106:Public safety and the environment
2536:), the guts of termites, and the
1380:standard temperature and pressure
10281:
10269:
10257:
10246:
10245:
9052:
9043:
9034:
8666:
7869:Haynes, William M., ed. (2016).
7862:
7703:
7683:
7670:from the original on May 3, 2017
7639:
7614:
7415:
6950:Journal of Aerospace Engineering
6199:Ravilious, Kate (July 5, 2022).
5093:Kietäväinen and Purkamo (2015).
3590:
3391:Titan lakes (September 11, 2017)
3228:
3080:Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
2103:(LNG) is predominantly methane (
1648:catalyze methane oxidation with
1533:Solid methane exists in several
1297:
1254:
1209:
976:
547:
47:
10216:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
7922:United States Geological Survey
7178:Chang, Kenneth (June 7, 2018).
7027:
7003:"Hope of Methane on Mars Fades"
6912:
6879:
6853:
6830:
6764:
6730:
6703:
6676:
6578:
6270:
6244:
6218:
6192:
6169:
6009:
5968:
5925:
5870:
5845:
5800:
5674:
5535:
5446:
5397:
5032:
4978:
4934:
4916:
4838:
4745:
4730:
4711:
4660:
4590:
4548:
4509:
4474:
4447:
4337:
4298:
4240:
4161:10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.645
3818:
3156:'s leak in the Gulf of Mexico.
2961:Historic methane concentrations
2922:(GWP) of 29.8 ± 11 compared to
2246:industrial synthesis of ammonia
1660:, giving rise to the so-called
1205:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
65:Ball and stick model of methane
7689:McBride, James Michael (1999)
7503:Jet Propulsion Laboratory News
7361:; et al. (June 8, 2018).
6886:Tim Walker (January 2, 2016).
5361:Indian Journal of Microbiology
5065:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.124
5011:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.11.057
4107:
4075:
4063:
4051:
4039:
3994:
3962:The Royal Society of Chemistry
3744:List of straight-chain alkanes
3135:Natural gas accidental release
3133:on April 5, 2010, killing 29.
2656:anaerobic oxidation of methane
2419:
1662:anaerobic oxidation of methane
1469:molecule with four equivalent
1366:. The abundance of methane on
1362:, and the main constituent of
596:0.657 kg/m (gas, 25 °C, 1 atm)
544:
1:
10141:Extraterrestrial liquid water
8493:Underground coal gasification
7942:10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00456-9
6279:"Global Methane Tracker 2022"
5785:10.1007/978-3-319-60063-5_7-1
5357:"Rumen methanogens: a review"
5342:10.1016/s1002-0160(14)60016-3
5232:10.1007/978-3-319-54529-5_6-1
4973:10.1002/14356007.a06_233.pub2
4599:Accounts of Chemical Research
3488:was in fact largely methane.
3345:Sabatier methanation reaction
3049:
2793:
2638:because oxygen is removed by
2439:
2371:is a more typical precursor.
2058:by burning it as a fuel in a
1815:
1442:, which has implications for
1120:
599:0.717 kg/m (gas, 0 °C, 1 atm)
10330:Binary compounds of hydrogen
8454:
7906:The Periodic Table of Videos
7555:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.05.018
7455:Geophysical Research Letters
7449:Oze, C.; Sharma, M. (2005).
5981:Global Biogeochemical Cycles
5946:10.1017/cbo9781107415324.018
5853:"Global Methane Budget 2020"
5708:10.1371/journal.pone.0247820
5650:Roach, John (May 13, 2002).
5150:Journal of Petroleum Geology
4827:(4–0799): 28. Archived from
4654:10.1016/j.cplett.2011.10.020
3939:
3563:
3552:
3502:
3495:. The name was derived from
3484:established that the feared
3341:in situ resource utilization
3163:published a report, blaming
3067:gas clathrate stability zone
2991:, "Since 1750, increases in
2620:
2050:As the major constituent of
1769:with higher charge, such as
1507:, usually blends containing
7:
13121:Gaseous signaling molecules
9372:Protonated hydrogen cyanide
7984:
7868:
7717:Online Etymology Dictionary
7680:; see footnote on pp. 57–58
7145:Wall, Mike (June 7, 2018).
7036:Planetary and Space Science
6231:www.globalmethanepledge.org
5857:www.globalcarbonproject.org
4566:10.1007/978-3-319-12415-5_7
4534:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00344
4069:
4057:
4045:
4033:
3970:10.1039/9781849733069-00001
3653:2007 Zasyadko mine disaster
3645:
3215:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
3044:International Energy Agency
2899:) in the lower atmosphere (
2820:coal bed methane extraction
2762:Methane can be produced by
2693:carbon dioxide through the
2634:Most of the subseafloor is
2595:
2571:methyl coenzyme M reductase
2508:Most of Earth's methane is
2276:, known as "water gas" or "
2189:of the rocket. Compared to
2054:, methane is important for
602:422.8 g/L (liquid, −162 °C)
122:Carbane (never recommended)
56:
10:
13157:
7924:(archived 6 February 2004)
7909:(University of Nottingham)
6592:. Reuters. June 18, 2019.
5144:Cramer and Franke (2005).
4946:February 14, 2020, at the
3663:Aerobic methane production
3658:Abiogenic petroleum origin
3585:August Wilhelm von Hofmann
3558:
3547:
3493:August Wilhelm von Hofmann
3434:
3212:
2877:
2738:is a technology that uses
2708:plant, started in 1984 in
2599:
2501:
2459:
2386:then the process can be a
2301:This reaction is strongly
2091:per cubic meter, or 1,000
1878:Peters four-step chemistry
1757:. Some of these have been
1702:is known in forms such as
1676:, methane is an extremely
75:Spacefill model of methane
18:
13070:
12911:
12682:
12339:Transition metal hydrides
12337:
12287:
11864:
11320:
10901:
10840:
10484:
10376:
10336:
10240:
10131:Earliest known life forms
10126:Diffuse interstellar band
10066:
9986:
9911:
9802:
9737:
9677:
9605:
9597:Protonated cyanoacetylene
9511:
9405:
9367:Protonated carbon dioxide
9327:Hydromagnesium isocyanide
9275:
9061:
9032:
8843:
8834:
8731:
8675:
8664:
8646:
8618:
8563:
8469:
8462:
8404:
7992:
7576:November 6, 2018, at the
7567:Volta, Alessandro (1777)
7056:10.1016/j.pss.2006.02.005
6685:"Common Mining Accidents"
6334:Miller, G. Tyler (2007).
6103:10.1038/s41586-020-1991-8
5431:10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.021
5373:10.1007/s12088-010-0061-6
4846:"Blue Origin BE-4 Engine"
4441:10.1103/physrevb.55.14800
4184:Global Methane Assessment
3874:, or (in balanced form):
3859:whose general formula is
3708:Global Methane Initiative
3693:Coal Oil Point seep field
3507:Etymologically, the word
3076:ultraslow spreading ridge
2750:to combine hydrogen with
2664:sulfate-reducing bacteria
1951:free radical halogenation
1884:Methane radical reactions
1873:, at standard conditions)
1199:
1192:
1187:
1121:
957:
952:
828:
773:
531:
511:
486:
157:
128:
116:
104:
99:
55:
46:
10176:Iron–sulfur world theory
10171:Photodissociation region
9874:Methyl-cyano-diacetylene
6409:Ruppel; Kessler (2017).
6313:10.1007/3-540-32144-6_14
5112:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00725
4723:January 9, 2014, at the
4634:Chemical Physics Letters
3678:Arctic methane emissions
3381:
3209:Extraterrestrial methane
3100:clathrate gun hypothesis
2920:global warming potential
2911:Methane is an important
2776:methylmagnesium chloride
2609:wetland methane feedback
2345:This reaction is mildly
2322:water-gas shift reaction
2070:, methane produces less
1431:, according to the 2021
1188:Supplementary data page
1015:Precautionary statements
20:Not to be confused with
10251:Category:Astrochemistry
9841:, fullerene, buckyball)
9528:Cyanobutadiynyl radical
9503:Silicon-carbide cluster
9493:Protonated formaldehyde
7697:March 16, 2012, at the
7646:Hofmann, A. W. (1866).
7426:. Spaceflight Insider.
7390:10.1126/science.aas9185
7359:Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.
7336:10.1126/science.aaq0131
7268:10.1126/science.aat2662
7223:10.1126/science.aau3992
7048:2007P&SS...55..358A
6646:10.1126/science.1210026
6225:Global Methane Pledge.
5039:Lumbers, Brock (2022).
4985:Lumbers, Brock (2022).
4967:, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
4689:10.1126/science.1177485
3989:C and HC, respectively.
3800:that grow with methane.
3545:in 1834 from the Greek
3349:reverse water-gas shift
3343:. An adaptation of the
3279:
3098:; this is known as the
3033:climate change feedback
2699:Fischer–Tropsch process
2520:. Methanogens occur in
2235:Steam methane reforming
2038:
2022:
1953:. It is initiated when
1759:detected in outer space
759:Magnetic susceptibility
13072:Exotic matter hydrides
10264:Outer space portal
10106:Circumstellar envelope
9071:Aluminium(I) hydroxide
8981:Phosphorus mononitride
8858:Aluminium monofluoride
8853:Aluminium monochloride
8708:Natural-gas processing
7621:Holland, John (1841).
6182:July 22, 2020, at the
4759:. September 23, 2015.
4454:Wendelin Himmelheber.
3703:Fugitive gas emissions
3533:
3527:
3521:
3446:
3400:, the largest moon of
3393:
3314:
3239:is missing information
3115:
3088:Arctic methane release
2942:
2908:
2722:spontaneous combustion
2686:
2592:
2584:
2471:
2449:
2179:hydrogen embrittlement
2161:propellant, a methane/
2056:electricity generation
1825:
1745:or protonated methane
1462:
1450:Properties and bonding
1050:
76:
66:
10161:Interplanetary medium
10136:Extraterrestrial life
9774:Octatetraynyl radical
9392:Tricarbon monosulfide
8939:Magnesium monohydride
8470:Manufactured fuel gas
7772:. November 26, 2019.
7112:NASA (June 7, 2018).
6978:. NASA. May 4, 2007.
6415:Reviews of Geophysics
6361:Reviews of Geophysics
6165:on February 24, 2020.
5752:. HowStuffWorks.com.
5275:Reviews of Geophysics
5209:May 13, 2011, at the
4737:March, Jerry (1968).
4264:Reviews of Geophysics
3790:that produce methane.
3780:that produce methane.
3673:Anaerobic respiration
3478:Felling mine disaster
3442:
3412:of hydrocarbons; the
3389:
3302:
3113:
3040:Global Methane Pledge
2940:
2887:
2706:Great Plains Synfuels
2677:
2590:
2579:
2469:
2447:
2130:, when combined with
2101:Liquefied natural gas
2043:Methane is used as a
1965:) produces a halogen
1823:
1698:in solution, but the
1622:methane monooxygenase
1518:at a pressure of one
1457:
1049:
118:Systematic IUPAC name
74:
64:
10288:Chemistry portal
10276:Astronomy portal
10222:RNA world hypothesis
10206:PAH world hypothesis
9899:Heptatrienyl radical
9831:Buckminsterfullerene
9719:Methylcyanoacetylene
9227:Silicon carbonitride
9202:Methylidynephosphane
9168:Magnesium isocyanide
9076:Aluminium isocyanide
8878:Carbon monophosphide
7803:acronymsandslang.com
7476:10.1029/2005GL022691
6436:10.1002/2016RG000534
6382:10.1002/2017RG000559
6355:Dean, J. F. (2018).
6002:10.1029/2018GB006009
5296:10.1002/2017RG000559
4757:Energy Manager Today
4456:"Crystal structures"
4380:10.1029/2022JE007189
4356:(6): e2022JE007189.
3026:fossil fuel industry
2758:Laboratory synthesis
2754:to produce methane.
2710:Beulah, North Dakota
2066:. Compared to other
2017:Carbon tetrachloride
1475:electronic structure
1350:atom bonded to four
1032:(fire diamond)
137:Carburetted hydrogen
106:Preferred IUPAC name
33:CH4 (disambiguation)
13106:Anaerobic digestion
12684:Lanthanide hydrides
12291:(Group 17 hydrides)
11870:(Group 16 hydrides)
11324:(Group 15) hydrides
10166:Interstellar medium
10146:Forbidden mechanism
9959:Hydrogen isocyanide
9649:Hexatriynyl radical
9232:c-Silicon dicarbide
9137:Hydrogen isocyanide
9001:Silicon monosulfide
8976:Phosphorus monoxide
8944:Methylidyne radical
8903:Fluoromethylidynium
8863:Aluminium(II) oxide
8713:Natural gas storage
8248:Hexadecane / Cetane
7837:ourenergypolicy.org
7547:2005Icar..178..274M
7467:2005GeoRL..3210203O
7381:2018Sci...360.1096E
7375:(6393): 1096–1101.
7327:2018Sci...360.1093W
7321:(6393): 1093–1096.
7260:2018Sci...360.1068T
7254:(6393): 1068–1069.
6683:Dozolme, Philippe.
6638:2012Sci...335..183S
6427:2017RvGeo..55..126R
6373:2018RvGeo..56..207D
6305:Marine Geochemistry
6158:Scientific American
6095:2020Natur.578..409H
5993:2019GBioC..33..318N
5699:2021PLoSO..1647820R
5656:National Geographic
5517:Energy Environ. Sci
5422:2018CBio...28.R727L
5334:2014Pedos..24..291S
5287:2018RvGeo..56..207D
5162:2005JPetG..28..369C
5057:2022IJHE...4716347L
5051:(37): 16347–16361.
5003:2022IJHE...47.4265L
4903:NASAspaceflight.com
4790:on January 20, 2019
4681:2009Sci...326..553B
4646:2011CPL...517....1R
4611:10.1021/ar00156a004
4433:1997PhRvB..5514800B
4427:(22): 14800–14809.
4372:2022JGRE..12707189I
4276:2013RvGeo..51..276E
3683:Atmospheric methane
3668:Anaerobic digestion
3539:Jean-Baptiste Dumas
3326:atmospheric methane
3220:Interstellar medium
3193:Methane is also an
3059:continental margins
2880:Atmospheric methane
2662:Archaea (ANME) and
2512:and is produced by
2320:with water via the
2097:standard cubic foot
1806:C–H bond activation
1668:Acid–base reactions
1577:Selective oxidation
1414:atmospheric methane
1194:Methane (data page)
651:Solubility in water
631:Critical point
565: g·mol
229:Beilstein Reference
134:Carbon tetrahydride
43:
10340:(Group 1) hydrides
10186:Molecules in stars
10156:Intergalactic dust
10101:Circumstellar dust
10043:Naphthalene cation
9978:Trihydrogen cation
9954:Hydrogen deuteride
9879:Methyltriacetylene
9714:Hexapentaenylidene
9533:E-Cyanomethanimine
9453:Cyclopropenylidene
9387:Tricarbon monoxide
9377:Silicon tricarbide
9347:Methylene amidogen
9337:Isothiocyanic acid
9252:Thioxoethenylidene
9212:Trihydrogen cation
9026:Titanium(II) oxide
8986:Potassium chloride
8965:Sulfur mononitride
8908:Helium hydride ion
8883:Carbon monosulfide
8723:Pipeline transport
8683:Compressor station
7185:The New York Times
7008:The New York Times
6792:10.3303/CET1226003
6714:. News.yahoo.com.
5909:. April 22, 2012.
5529:10.1039/c0ee00203h
5204:http://www.els.net
4834:on March 10, 2016.
4228:on August 22, 2021
4002:"Gas Encyclopedia"
3457:in the marshes of
3447:
3394:
3365:Martian atmosphere
3315:
3139:safety engineering
3116:
3055:Methane clathrates
3018:fugitive emissions
2943:
2909:
2812:natural gas fields
2687:
2630:Seafloor sediments
2593:
2585:
2472:
2450:
2428:, methane has the
2360:−41 kJ/mol).
2226:Chemical feedstock
2122:as well as LNG is
2076:heat of combustion
1996:, and ultimately,
1830:heat of combustion
1826:
1656:in the absence of
1553:Chemical reactions
1522:. As a gas, it is
1463:
1406:methane clathrates
1232:Infobox references
1122:Related compounds
1051:
77:
67:
41:
13136:Organic compounds
13088:
13087:
12913:Actinide hydrides
12289:Hydrogen halides
12251:
12216:
12215:
12186:
12185:
12163:
12162:
12127:
12126:
12089:
12088:
11950:
11949:
11856:
11822:
11821:
11792:
11791:
11769:
11768:
11746:
11745:
11709:
11708:
11656:
11655:
11518:
11517:
11465:
11464:
11316:
11315:
11273:
11272:
11250:
11249:
11213:
11212:
11140:
11139:
11106:
11105:
11077:
11076:
10939:
10938:
10897:
10896:
10842:Group 14 hydrides
10836:
10835:
10781:
10780:
10746:
10745:
10711:
10710:
10676:
10675:
10641:
10640:
10480:
10479:
10425:
10424:
10296:
10295:
10211:Pseudo-panspermia
9907:
9906:
9854:Cyanodecapentayne
9794:N-Methylformamide
9769:Methyldiacetylene
9694:Aminoacetonitrile
9664:Methyl isocyanate
9582:Methyl isocyanide
9463:Isocyanoacetylene
9443:Cyanoformaldehyde
9322:Hydrogen peroxide
9207:Potassium cyanide
9163:Magnesium cyanide
9116:Disilicon carbide
9111:Dicarbon monoxide
8918:Hydrogen fluoride
8913:Hydrogen chloride
8794:
8793:
8662:
8661:
8505:Blast furnace gas
8488:Coal gasification
8422:
8421:
7875:(97th ed.).
7710:Harper, Douglas.
7505:. April 26, 2016.
6817:Los Angeles Times
6632:(6065): 183–189.
6089:(7795): 409–412.
5548:Climate Home News
5416:(13): R727–R732.
4675:(5952): 553–556.
4575:978-3-319-12414-8
4495:10.1021/cr950244f
4421:Physical Review B
4318:978-0-08-044103-0
4284:10.1002/rog.20011
3979:978-0-85404-182-4
3812:Explanatory notes
3758:Methane on Mars:
3754:Methane emissions
3595:The abbreviation
3471:Benjamin Franklin
3333:rocket propellant
3262:
3261:
3186:emissions of the
3154:Deepwater Horizon
2977:radiative forcing
2905:parts-per-billion
2748:Sabatier reaction
2684:Sabatier reaction
2670:Industrial routes
2498:Biological routes
2456:Geological routes
2114:Rocket propellant
2068:hydrocarbon fuels
1959:radical initiator
1729:, methane cation
1717:or methyl cation
1631:Catalytica system
1528:standard pressure
1459:Covalently bonded
1425:radiative forcing
1412:, it is known as
1334:chemical compound
1240:Chemical compound
1238:
1237:
1156:Related compounds
1001:Hazard statements
906:Gibbs free energy
690:and insoluble in
499:InChI=1S/CH4/h1H4
455:CompTox Dashboard
199:Interactive image
95:
94:
89: Hydrogen, H
13148:
13131:Industrial gases
13126:Greenhouse gases
12249:
12188:
12187:
12165:
12164:
12129:
12128:
12091:
12090:
11952:
11951:
11875:
11874:
11854:
11794:
11793:
11771:
11770:
11748:
11747:
11711:
11710:
11658:
11657:
11520:
11519:
11467:
11466:
11329:
11328:
11275:
11274:
11252:
11251:
11215:
11214:
11142:
11141:
11108:
11107:
11079:
11078:
10941:
10940:
10899:
10898:
10847:
10846:
10783:
10782:
10748:
10747:
10713:
10712:
10678:
10677:
10643:
10642:
10493:
10492:
10427:
10426:
10387:
10386:
10323:
10316:
10309:
10300:
10299:
10286:
10285:
10284:
10274:
10273:
10272:
10262:
10261:
10260:
10249:
10248:
10196:Organic compound
10096:Chemical formula
10001:Dihydroxyacetone
9949:Hydrogen cyanide
9634:Cyanodiacetylene
9488:Propadienylidene
9382:Thioformaldehyde
9257:Titanium dioxide
9222:Sodium hydroxide
9143:Hydrogen sulfide
9131:Hydrogen cyanide
9091:Carbonyl sulfide
9056:
9047:
9038:
8996:Silicon monoxide
8929:Hydroxyl radical
8841:
8840:
8821:
8814:
8807:
8798:
8797:
8670:
8467:
8466:
8449:
8442:
8435:
8426:
8425:
8396:
8379:
8362:
8345:
8328:
8311:
8294:
8277:
8260:
8243:
8226:
8209:
8192:
8175:
8158:
8141:
8124:
8107:
8090:
8073:
8056:
8039:
8022:
8005:
7979:
7972:
7965:
7956:
7955:
7945:
7936:(2–4): 165–174.
7890:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7851:
7845:
7834:
7825:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7814:
7795:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7778:
7767:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7748:
7728:
7722:
7721:
7707:
7701:
7687:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7643:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7618:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7607:
7590:
7581:
7565:
7559:
7558:
7526:
7520:
7513:
7507:
7506:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7478:
7446:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7402:
7392:
7355:
7349:
7348:
7338:
7304:
7298:
7297:
7279:
7241:
7235:
7234:
7208:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7175:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7076:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7020:
6998:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6987:
6972:
6966:
6965:
6945:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6891:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6857:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6834:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6809:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6777:
6768:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6746:Symposium Series
6743:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6707:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6620:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6582:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6566:on March 6, 2019
6562:. Archived from
6552:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6495:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6469:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6448:
6438:
6406:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6384:
6352:
6346:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6300:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6274:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6196:
6190:
6173:
6167:
6166:
6161:. Archived from
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6004:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5728:
5710:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5658:. Archived from
5647:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5631:on July 19, 2016
5620:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5523:(4): 1206–1215.
5512:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5479:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5433:
5406:"Methanogenesis"
5401:
5395:
5394:
5384:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5298:
5266:
5253:
5252:
5219:
5213:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5124:
5114:
5099:Front. Microbiol
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
4997:(7): 4265–4283.
4982:
4976:
4957:
4951:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4930:. July 12, 2023.
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4822:
4813:
4804:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4786:. Archived from
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4734:
4728:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4528:(5): 2718–2768.
4522:Chemical Reviews
4513:
4507:
4506:
4483:Chemical Reviews
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4391:
4365:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4259:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4214:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4188:
4180:
4165:
4164:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4094:
4087:
4079:
4073:
4072:, pp. 5.26, 5.67
4067:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3964:. 2014. P-12.1.
3953:
3933:
3930:
3869:
3840:serpentinization
3835:
3829:
3822:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3566:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3455:Alessandro Volta
3444:Alessandro Volta
3372:serpentinization
3312:
3257:
3254:
3248:
3232:
3224:
3012:
3004:
2997:
2928:
2894:
2800:Alessandro Volta
2788:sodium carbonate
2784:sodium hydroxide
2772:Grignard reagent
2740:electrical power
2736:Power to methane
2695:Sabatier process
2565:
2492:serpentinization
2410:
2404:
2399:(g) → C(s) + 2 H
2380:greenhouse gases
2359:
2349:(produces heat,
2341:
2315:
2305:(consumes heat,
2297:
2274:
2187:specific impulse
2183:molecular weight
2109:
1998:tetrahalomethane
1987:
1925:
1908:
1858:
1804:that facilitate
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1544:
1429:greenhouse gases
1382:. Methane is an
1356:group-14 hydride
1354:atoms). It is a
1345:
1338:chemical formula
1328:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1253:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1113:Explosive limits
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1042:
1022:
1008:
980:
944:
917:
895:
872:186.3 J/(K·mol)
868:
844:
829:Thermochemistry
823:
768:
728:14 nmol/(Pa·kg)
564:
549:
546:
539:Chemical formula
479:
478:
463:
461:
435:
399:
388:
377:
360:
338:Gmelin Reference
321:
313:
302:
291:
271:
251:
219:
201:
177:
140:Hydrogen carbide
88:
82:
57:
51:
44:
40:
36:
29:
13156:
13155:
13151:
13150:
13149:
13147:
13146:
13145:
13091:
13090:
13089:
13084:
13066:
13062:
13054:
13046:
13038:
13030:
13022:
13014:
13006:
12998:
12990:
12982:
12974:
12966:
12958:
12951:
12947:
12940:
12932:
12924:
12907:
12903:
12895:
12887:
12879:
12871:
12863:
12855:
12847:
12839:
12831:
12823:
12815:
12807:
12799:
12791:
12783:
12775:
12767:
12759:
12751:
12743:
12735:
12727:
12719:
12711:
12703:
12695:
12678:
12668:
12659:
12651:
12647:
12634:
12626:
12595:
12581:
12566:
12551:
12543:
12535:
12527:
12519:
12506:
12498:
12485:
12472:
12459:
12446:
12438:
12430:
12422:
12414:
12406:
12398:
12390:
12382:
12374:
12366:
12358:
12350:
12333:
12290:
12283:
12278:
12269:
12246:
12237:
12229:
12212:
12202:
12182:
12178:
12159:
12155:
12151:
12142:
12123:
12119:
12115:
12106:
12085:
12076:
12072:
12064:
12060:
12052:
12048:
12040:
12036:
12028:
12024:
12016:
12012:
12004:
12000:
11992:
11988:
11980:
11976:
11967:
11946:
11938:
11934:
11926:
11922:
11914:
11910:
11902:
11898:
11889:
11869:
11867:
11860:
11852:
11843:
11830:
11818:
11808:
11788:
11784:
11765:
11761:
11742:
11738:
11734:
11726:
11705:
11701:
11697:
11689:
11685:
11677:
11673:
11652:
11643:
11639:
11631:
11627:
11619:
11615:
11607:
11603:
11595:
11591:
11583:
11579:
11571:
11567:
11559:
11555:
11547:
11543:
11535:
11514:
11510:
11506:
11498:
11494:
11486:
11482:
11461:
11452:
11448:
11440:
11436:
11428:
11424:
11416:
11412:
11404:
11400:
11392:
11388:
11380:
11376:
11368:
11364:
11356:
11352:
11344:
11323:
11312:
11308:
11300:
11269:
11265:
11246:
11242:
11238:
11230:
11209:
11205:
11201:
11193:
11189:
11181:
11177:
11169:
11165:
11157:
11136:
11127:
11123:
11102:
11098:
11094:
11073:
11064:
11060:
11052:
11048:
11040:
11036:
11028:
11024:
11016:
11012:
11004:
11000:
10992:
10988:
10980:
10976:
10968:
10964:
10956:
10935:
10930:
10922:
10914:
10893:
10832:
10828:
10820:
10816:
10808:
10777:
10773:
10769:
10761:
10742:
10738:
10734:
10726:
10707:
10703:
10699:
10691:
10672:
10668:
10664:
10656:
10637:
10633:
10629:
10621:
10617:
10609:
10605:
10597:
10593:
10585:
10581:
10573:
10569:
10561:
10557:
10549:
10545:
10537:
10533:
10525:
10521:
10508:
10487:
10476:
10472:
10464:
10456:
10448:
10440:
10421:
10381:
10379:
10372:
10339:
10332:
10327:
10297:
10292:
10282:
10280:
10270:
10268:
10258:
10256:
10236:
10062:
10038:
10029:
9982:
9972:
9915:
9903:
9884:Propionaldehyde
9859:Ethylene glycol
9848:
9840:
9836:
9807:
9805:
9798:
9754:Cyanohexatriyne
9740:
9733:
9680:
9673:
9608:
9601:
9561:
9514:
9507:
9478:Methoxy radical
9408:
9401:
9397:Thiocyanic acid
9278:
9271:
9181:
9121:Ethynyl radical
9057:
9051:
9050:
9049:
9048:
9042:
9041:
9040:
9039:
9030:
9021:Sulfur monoxide
9006:Sodium chloride
8991:Silicon carbide
8898:Diatomic carbon
8888:Carbon monoxide
8830:
8825:
8795:
8790:
8727:
8671:
8658:
8642:
8614:
8559:
8471:
8458:
8453:
8423:
8418:
8414:List of alkanes
8400:
8395:
8391:
8387:
8378:
8374:
8370:
8361:
8357:
8353:
8344:
8340:
8336:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8310:
8306:
8302:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8259:
8255:
8251:
8242:
8238:
8234:
8225:
8221:
8217:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8089:
8085:
8081:
8072:
8068:
8064:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8038:
8034:
8030:
8021:
8017:
8013:
8004:
8000:
7988:
7983:
7930:Catalysis Today
7897:
7887:
7865:
7860:
7859:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7832:
7826:
7822:
7812:
7810:
7797:
7796:
7792:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7765:
7761:
7760:
7756:
7746:
7744:
7729:
7725:
7708:
7704:
7699:Wayback Machine
7688:
7684:
7673:
7671:
7644:
7640:
7630:
7628:
7619:
7615:
7605:
7603:
7592:
7591:
7584:
7578:Wayback Machine
7566:
7562:
7527:
7523:
7514:
7510:
7497:
7496:
7492:
7447:
7443:
7433:
7431:
7420:
7416:
7356:
7352:
7305:
7301:
7242:
7238:
7209:
7205:
7195:
7193:
7176:
7172:
7162:
7160:
7143:
7139:
7129:
7127:
7110:
7106:
7096:
7094:
7077:
7073:
7032:
7028:
7018:
7016:
6999:
6995:
6985:
6983:
6976:"Methane Blast"
6974:
6973:
6969:
6946:
6939:
6929:
6927:
6917:
6913:
6903:
6901:
6894:The Independent
6884:
6880:
6870:
6868:
6858:
6854:
6844:
6842:
6835:
6831:
6821:
6819:
6811:
6810:
6806:
6796:
6794:
6775:
6769:
6765:
6755:
6753:
6741:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6708:
6704:
6694:
6692:
6681:
6677:
6621:
6617:
6607:
6605:
6584:
6583:
6579:
6569:
6567:
6554:
6553:
6549:
6539:
6537:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6513:
6511:
6504:The Independent
6496:
6492:
6482:
6480:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6456:
6454:
6407:
6400:
6353:
6349:
6333:
6329:
6323:
6301:
6297:
6287:
6285:
6275:
6271:
6261:
6259:
6249:
6245:
6235:
6233:
6223:
6219:
6209:
6207:
6197:
6193:
6184:Wayback Machine
6174:
6170:
6145:
6141:
6131:
6129:
6074:
6070:
6062:
6053:
6049:
6039:
6037:
6014:
6010:
5973:
5969:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5916:
5914:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5886:
5884:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5861:
5859:
5851:
5850:
5846:
5831:
5827:
5817:
5815:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5795:
5773:
5769:
5759:
5757:
5746:
5742:
5693:(3): e0247820.
5679:
5675:
5665:
5663:
5662:on June 4, 2011
5648:
5644:
5634:
5632:
5621:
5617:
5607:
5605:
5592:
5588:
5578:
5576:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5552:
5550:
5540:
5536:
5513:
5506:
5496:
5494:
5489:. May 1, 2015.
5481:
5480:
5473:
5463:
5461:
5451:
5447:
5410:Current Biology
5402:
5398:
5353:
5349:
5318:
5314:
5267:
5256:
5242:
5220:
5216:
5211:Wayback Machine
5201:
5197:
5187:
5185:
5142:
5138:
5091:
5087:
5077:
5075:
5037:
5033:
5023:
5021:
4983:
4979:
4958:
4954:
4948:Wayback Machine
4939:
4935:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4895:
4891:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4855:
4853:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4831:
4820:
4814:
4807:
4793:
4791:
4780:
4776:
4766:
4764:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4735:
4731:
4725:Wayback Machine
4716:
4712:
4665:
4661:
4630:
4626:
4605:(12): 456–463.
4595:
4591:
4576:
4553:
4549:
4514:
4510:
4489:(6): 2385–419.
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4452:
4448:
4417:
4413:
4342:
4338:
4328:
4326:
4319:
4303:
4299:
4260:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4216:
4215:
4206:
4196:
4194:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4168:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4127:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4095:on June 4, 2012
4092:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4056:
4052:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4021:
4011:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3980:
3955:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3837:There are many
3836:
3832:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3738:limnic eruption
3736:(more general:
3648:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3505:
3437:
3392:
3384:
3357:Martian subsoil
3311:
3307:
3282:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3242:
3233:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3185:
3180:
3108:
3052:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2927:
2923:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2826:deposit, while
2796:
2760:
2672:
2632:
2623:
2604:
2598:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2506:
2500:
2464:
2462:Biogeochemistry
2458:
2442:
2422:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2357:
2350:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2313:
2306:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2273:
2269:
2228:
2195:specific energy
2191:liquid hydrogen
2116:
2108:
2104:
2064:steam generator
2041:
2025:
2005:dichloromethane
1986:
1982:
1977:molecule and a
1975:hydrogen halide
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1886:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1832:is 55.5 MJ/kg.
1818:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1688:
1670:
1598:
1579:
1563:steam reforming
1555:
1547:plastic crystal
1542:
1452:
1358:, the simplest
1344:
1340:
1326:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227: ?)
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1183:
1157:
1150:
1129:
1128:Related alkanes
1104:
1101:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1017:
1003:
989:
973:
945:
942:
936:
932:
929:
928:Std enthalpy of
918:
912:
908:
896:
893:
887:
883:
880:
879:Std enthalpy of
869:
866:
859:
856:
848:35.7 J/(K·mol)
845:
838:
821:
817:
798:
796:Molecular shape
789:
783:
766:
762:
725:
723:
714:
653:
605:
562:
552:
541:
527:
524:
519:
518:
507:
504:
503:
500:
494:
493:
482:
464:
457:
438:
418:
402:
389:
363:
340:
331:
294:
274:
254:
231:
222:
204:
191:
180:
167:
153:
152:
124:
123:
112:
111:
91:
90:
86:
84:
83: Carbon, C
80:
37:
30:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
13154:
13144:
13143:
13138:
13133:
13128:
13123:
13118:
13113:
13108:
13103:
13086:
13085:
13083:
13082:
13076:
13074:
13068:
13067:
13065:
13064:
13060:
13056:
13052:
13048:
13044:
13040:
13036:
13032:
13028:
13024:
13020:
13016:
13012:
13008:
13004:
13000:
12996:
12992:
12988:
12984:
12980:
12976:
12972:
12968:
12964:
12960:
12956:
12952:
12949:
12945:
12942:
12938:
12934:
12930:
12926:
12922:
12917:
12915:
12909:
12908:
12906:
12905:
12901:
12897:
12893:
12889:
12885:
12881:
12877:
12873:
12869:
12865:
12861:
12857:
12853:
12849:
12845:
12841:
12837:
12833:
12829:
12825:
12821:
12817:
12813:
12809:
12805:
12801:
12797:
12793:
12789:
12785:
12781:
12777:
12773:
12769:
12765:
12761:
12757:
12753:
12749:
12745:
12741:
12737:
12733:
12729:
12725:
12721:
12717:
12713:
12709:
12705:
12701:
12697:
12693:
12688:
12686:
12680:
12679:
12677:
12676:
12666:
12661:
12657:
12653:
12649:
12645:
12641:
12636:
12632:
12628:
12624:
12620:
12608:
12603:
12593:
12588:
12577:
12573:
12562:
12558:
12553:
12549:
12545:
12541:
12537:
12533:
12529:
12525:
12521:
12517:
12513:
12508:
12504:
12500:
12496:
12492:
12487:
12483:
12479:
12474:
12470:
12466:
12461:
12457:
12453:
12448:
12444:
12440:
12436:
12432:
12428:
12424:
12420:
12416:
12412:
12408:
12404:
12400:
12396:
12392:
12388:
12384:
12380:
12376:
12372:
12368:
12364:
12360:
12356:
12352:
12348:
12343:
12341:
12335:
12334:
12332:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12293:
12285:
12284:
12282:
12281:
12276:
12272:
12267:
12263:
12258:
12253:
12244:
12239:
12235:
12231:
12227:
12223:
12217:
12214:
12213:
12211:
12210:
12200:
12194:
12192:
12184:
12183:
12181:
12180:
12176:
12171:
12169:
12161:
12160:
12158:
12157:
12153:
12149:
12145:
12140:
12135:
12133:
12125:
12124:
12122:
12121:
12117:
12113:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12097:
12087:
12086:
12084:
12083:
12078:
12074:
12070:
12066:
12062:
12058:
12054:
12050:
12046:
12042:
12038:
12034:
12030:
12026:
12022:
12018:
12014:
12010:
12006:
12002:
11998:
11994:
11990:
11986:
11982:
11978:
11974:
11970:
11965:
11960:
11958:
11948:
11947:
11945:
11940:
11936:
11932:
11928:
11924:
11920:
11916:
11912:
11908:
11904:
11900:
11896:
11892:
11887:
11883:
11881:
11872:
11868:chalcogenides
11862:
11861:
11859:
11858:
11850:
11845:
11841:
11837:
11832:
11828:
11823:
11820:
11819:
11817:
11816:
11806:
11800:
11798:
11790:
11789:
11787:
11786:
11782:
11777:
11775:
11767:
11766:
11764:
11763:
11759:
11754:
11752:
11744:
11743:
11741:
11740:
11736:
11732:
11728:
11724:
11719:
11717:
11707:
11706:
11704:
11703:
11699:
11695:
11691:
11687:
11683:
11679:
11675:
11671:
11666:
11664:
11654:
11653:
11651:
11650:
11645:
11641:
11637:
11633:
11629:
11625:
11621:
11617:
11613:
11609:
11605:
11601:
11597:
11593:
11589:
11585:
11581:
11577:
11573:
11569:
11565:
11561:
11557:
11553:
11549:
11545:
11541:
11537:
11533:
11528:
11526:
11516:
11515:
11513:
11512:
11508:
11504:
11500:
11496:
11492:
11488:
11484:
11480:
11475:
11473:
11463:
11462:
11460:
11459:
11454:
11450:
11446:
11442:
11438:
11434:
11430:
11426:
11422:
11418:
11414:
11410:
11406:
11402:
11398:
11394:
11390:
11386:
11382:
11378:
11374:
11370:
11366:
11362:
11358:
11354:
11350:
11346:
11342:
11337:
11335:
11326:
11318:
11317:
11314:
11313:
11311:
11310:
11306:
11302:
11298:
11294:
11288:
11286:
11271:
11270:
11268:
11267:
11263:
11258:
11256:
11248:
11247:
11245:
11244:
11240:
11236:
11232:
11228:
11223:
11221:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11207:
11203:
11199:
11195:
11191:
11187:
11183:
11179:
11175:
11171:
11167:
11163:
11159:
11155:
11150:
11148:
11138:
11137:
11135:
11134:
11129:
11125:
11121:
11116:
11114:
11104:
11103:
11101:
11100:
11096:
11092:
11087:
11085:
11075:
11074:
11072:
11071:
11066:
11062:
11058:
11054:
11050:
11046:
11042:
11038:
11034:
11030:
11026:
11022:
11018:
11014:
11010:
11006:
11002:
10998:
10994:
10990:
10986:
10982:
10978:
10974:
10970:
10966:
10962:
10958:
10954:
10949:
10947:
10937:
10936:
10934:
10933:
10928:
10924:
10920:
10916:
10912:
10908:
10902:
10895:
10894:
10892:
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10855:
10853:
10844:
10838:
10837:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10830:
10826:
10822:
10818:
10814:
10810:
10806:
10802:
10796:
10794:
10779:
10778:
10776:
10775:
10771:
10767:
10763:
10759:
10754:
10752:
10744:
10743:
10741:
10740:
10736:
10732:
10728:
10724:
10719:
10717:
10709:
10708:
10706:
10705:
10701:
10697:
10693:
10689:
10684:
10682:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10670:
10666:
10662:
10658:
10654:
10649:
10647:
10639:
10638:
10636:
10635:
10631:
10627:
10623:
10619:
10615:
10611:
10607:
10603:
10599:
10595:
10591:
10587:
10583:
10579:
10575:
10571:
10567:
10563:
10559:
10555:
10551:
10547:
10543:
10539:
10535:
10531:
10527:
10523:
10519:
10515:
10510:
10506:
10501:
10499:
10490:
10482:
10481:
10478:
10477:
10475:
10474:
10470:
10466:
10462:
10458:
10454:
10450:
10446:
10442:
10438:
10433:
10431:
10423:
10422:
10420:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10393:
10391:
10384:
10382:earth hydrides
10374:
10373:
10371:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10344:
10342:
10334:
10333:
10326:
10325:
10318:
10311:
10303:
10294:
10293:
10291:
10290:
10278:
10266:
10254:
10241:
10238:
10237:
10235:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10121:Cosmochemistry
10118:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10086:Astrochemistry
10083:
10078:
10072:
10070:
10064:
10063:
10061:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10036:
10032:
10027:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9992:
9990:
9984:
9983:
9981:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9939:Formyl radical
9936:
9931:
9925:
9919:
9917:
9909:
9908:
9905:
9904:
9902:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9869:Methyl acetate
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9842:
9838:
9834:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9812:
9810:
9800:
9799:
9797:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9759:Dimethyl ether
9756:
9751:
9745:
9743:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9731:
9726:
9724:Methyl formate
9721:
9716:
9711:
9709:Glycolaldehyde
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9685:
9683:
9675:
9674:
9672:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9644:Glycolonitrile
9641:
9639:Ethylene oxide
9636:
9631:
9630:
9629:
9619:
9613:
9611:
9603:
9602:
9600:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9538:Cyclopropenone
9535:
9530:
9525:
9519:
9517:
9509:
9508:
9506:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9438:Cyanoacetylene
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9413:
9411:
9403:
9402:
9400:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9357:Methyl radical
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9332:Isocyanic acid
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9297:Isocyanic acid
9294:
9289:
9283:
9281:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9242:Sulfur dioxide
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9217:Sodium cyanide
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9134:
9128:
9126:Formyl radical
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9086:Carbon dioxide
9083:
9078:
9073:
9067:
9065:
9059:
9058:
9033:
9031:
9029:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8934:Iron(II) oxide
8931:
8926:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8849:
8847:
8838:
8832:
8831:
8824:
8823:
8816:
8809:
8801:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8772:
8771:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8735:
8733:
8729:
8728:
8726:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8679:
8677:
8676:Infrastructure
8673:
8672:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8656:
8650:
8648:
8644:
8643:
8641:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8624:
8622:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8612:
8611:
8610:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8569:
8567:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8540:Regasification
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8496:
8495:
8490:
8479:
8477:
8464:
8460:
8459:
8452:
8451:
8444:
8437:
8429:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8416:
8411:
8409:Higher alkanes
8405:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8398:
8393:
8389:
8384:Hentriacontane
8381:
8376:
8372:
8364:
8359:
8355:
8347:
8342:
8338:
8330:
8325:
8321:
8313:
8308:
8304:
8296:
8291:
8287:
8279:
8274:
8270:
8262:
8257:
8253:
8245:
8240:
8236:
8228:
8223:
8219:
8211:
8206:
8202:
8194:
8189:
8185:
8177:
8172:
8168:
8160:
8155:
8151:
8143:
8138:
8134:
8126:
8121:
8117:
8109:
8104:
8100:
8092:
8087:
8083:
8075:
8070:
8066:
8058:
8053:
8049:
8041:
8036:
8032:
8024:
8019:
8015:
8007:
8002:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7982:
7981:
7974:
7967:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7946:
7925:
7915:
7910:
7896:
7895:External links
7893:
7892:
7891:
7885:
7864:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7820:
7790:
7754:
7723:
7702:
7682:
7638:
7613:
7582:
7560:
7541:(1): 274–276.
7521:
7508:
7490:
7461:(10): L10203.
7441:
7414:
7350:
7299:
7236:
7203:
7170:
7137:
7104:
7071:
7065:2027.42/151840
7042:(3): 358–369.
7026:
6993:
6967:
6937:
6911:
6878:
6852:
6829:
6804:
6763:
6729:
6702:
6675:
6615:
6577:
6560:UN Environment
6547:
6521:
6490:
6464:
6421:(1): 126–168.
6398:
6367:(1): 207–250.
6347:
6327:
6321:
6295:
6269:
6243:
6217:
6191:
6168:
6139:
6068:
6047:
6008:
5987:(3): 318–342.
5967:
5954:
5924:
5894:
5869:
5844:
5825:
5799:
5793:
5767:
5740:
5673:
5642:
5615:
5586:
5560:
5534:
5504:
5471:
5445:
5396:
5367:(3): 253–262.
5347:
5328:(3): 291–307.
5312:
5281:(1): 207–250.
5254:
5240:
5214:
5195:
5156:(4): 369–384.
5136:
5085:
5031:
4977:
4952:
4933:
4915:
4889:
4867:
4837:
4805:
4774:
4744:
4729:
4710:
4659:
4624:
4589:
4574:
4547:
4508:
4473:
4446:
4411:
4336:
4317:
4297:
4270:(2): 276–299.
4251:
4239:
4204:
4166:
4137:
4106:
4074:
4062:
4050:
4038:
4019:
3993:
3986:
3978:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3866:
3862:
3849:solid solution
3830:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3801:
3791:
3784:Methanogenesis
3781:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3731:
3729:Industrial gas
3726:
3724:Hydrogen Cycle
3721:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3698:Energy density
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3543:Eugène Péligot
3504:
3501:
3476:Following the
3436:
3433:
3414:second largest
3390:
3383:
3380:
3361:carbon dioxide
3309:
3281:
3278:
3260:
3259:
3236:
3234:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3213:Main article:
3210:
3207:
3188:United Kingdom
3183:
3178:
3169:super emitting
3148:The 2015–2016
3107:
3104:
3096:global warming
3051:
3048:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2925:
2918:Methane has a
2913:greenhouse gas
2891:
2878:Main article:
2873:
2870:
2851:organic matter
2795:
2792:
2780:sodium acetate
2768:methyl lithium
2759:
2756:
2752:carbon dioxide
2671:
2668:
2660:methanotrophic
2631:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2597:
2594:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2532:(for example,
2514:methanogenesis
2504:Methanogenesis
2502:Main article:
2499:
2496:
2484:methanogenesis
2457:
2454:
2441:
2438:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2355:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2271:
2227:
2224:
2120:liquid methane
2115:
2112:
2106:
2072:carbon dioxide
2040:
2037:
2024:
2021:
1994:trihalomethane
1984:
1979:methyl radical
1971:chain reaction
1957:or some other
1927:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1885:
1882:
1875:
1874:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1817:
1814:
1700:conjugate base
1686:
1669:
1666:
1607:carbon dioxide
1596:
1585:of methane to
1578:
1575:
1554:
1551:
1490:overtone bands
1451:
1448:
1342:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1208:
1207:
1203:standard state
1200:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
996:
995:
990:
985:
982:
981:
974:
969:
966:
965:
955:
954:
950:
949:
946:
940:
934:
926:
923:
922:
919:
910:
904:
901:
900:
897:
891:
885:
877:
874:
873:
870:
864:
853:
850:
849:
846:
834:
831:
830:
826:
825:
818:
813:
810:
809:
799:
794:
791:
790:
787:
784:
779:
776:
775:
771:
770:
763:
757:
754:
753:
748:
746:Conjugate base
742:
741:
736:
734:Conjugate acid
730:
729:
726:
721:
711:
708:
707:
704:
695:
694:
664:
658:
657:
654:
649:
646:
645:
642:
627:
626:
623:
617:
616:
613:
607:
606:
604:
603:
600:
597:
593:
591:
585:
584:
581:
575:
574:
573:Colorless gas
571:
567:
566:
560:
554:
553:
550:
542:
537:
534:
533:
529:
528:
526:
525:
522:
514:
513:
512:
509:
508:
506:
505:
501:
498:
497:
489:
488:
487:
484:
483:
481:
480:
467:
465:
453:
450:
449:
446:
440:
439:
437:
436:
428:
426:
420:
419:
417:
416:
412:
410:
404:
403:
401:
400:
392:
390:
382:
379:
378:
371:
365:
364:
362:
361:
353:
351:
345:
344:
341:
336:
333:
332:
330:
329:
325:
323:
315:
314:
304:
296:
295:
293:
292:
284:
282:
276:
275:
273:
272:
264:
262:
256:
255:
253:
252:
244:
242:
236:
235:
232:
227:
224:
223:
221:
220:
212:
210:
206:
205:
203:
202:
194:
192:
185:
182:
181:
179:
178:
170:
168:
163:
160:
159:
155:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:Methyl hydride
144:
141:
138:
135:
131:
130:
126:
125:
121:
120:
114:
113:
109:
108:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
85:
79:
78:
68:
53:
52:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13153:
13142:
13139:
13137:
13134:
13132:
13129:
13127:
13124:
13122:
13119:
13117:
13114:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13104:
13102:
13099:
13098:
13096:
13081:
13078:
13077:
13075:
13073:
13069:
13063:
13057:
13055:
13049:
13047:
13041:
13039:
13033:
13031:
13025:
13023:
13017:
13015:
13009:
13007:
13001:
12999:
12993:
12991:
12985:
12983:
12977:
12975:
12969:
12967:
12961:
12959:
12953:
12943:
12941:
12935:
12933:
12927:
12925:
12919:
12918:
12916:
12914:
12910:
12904:
12898:
12896:
12890:
12888:
12882:
12880:
12874:
12872:
12866:
12864:
12858:
12856:
12850:
12848:
12842:
12840:
12834:
12832:
12826:
12824:
12818:
12816:
12810:
12808:
12802:
12800:
12794:
12792:
12786:
12784:
12778:
12776:
12770:
12768:
12762:
12760:
12754:
12752:
12746:
12744:
12738:
12736:
12730:
12728:
12722:
12720:
12714:
12712:
12706:
12704:
12698:
12696:
12690:
12689:
12687:
12685:
12681:
12674:
12670:
12669:
12662:
12660:
12654:
12652:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12635:
12629:
12627:
12621:
12618:
12614:
12613:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12601:
12597:
12596:
12589:
12587:
12585:
12580:
12574:
12572:
12570:
12565:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12546:
12544:
12538:
12536:
12530:
12528:
12522:
12520:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12501:
12499:
12493:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12480:
12478:
12475:
12473:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12441:
12439:
12433:
12431:
12425:
12423:
12417:
12415:
12409:
12407:
12401:
12399:
12393:
12391:
12385:
12383:
12377:
12375:
12369:
12367:
12361:
12359:
12353:
12351:
12345:
12344:
12342:
12340:
12336:
12330:
12326:
12325:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12292:
12286:
12280:
12273:
12271:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12257:
12254:
12252:
12248:
12240:
12238:
12232:
12230:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12218:
12208:
12204:
12203:
12196:
12195:
12193:
12189:
12179:
12173:
12172:
12170:
12166:
12156:
12146:
12144:
12137:
12136:
12134:
12130:
12120:
12110:
12108:
12101:
12100:
12098:
12096:
12092:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12067:
12065:
12055:
12053:
12043:
12041:
12031:
12029:
12019:
12017:
12007:
12005:
11995:
11993:
11983:
11981:
11971:
11969:
11962:
11961:
11959:
11957:
11953:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11929:
11927:
11917:
11915:
11905:
11903:
11893:
11891:
11884:
11882:
11880:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11863:
11857:
11853:
11846:
11844:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11831:
11825:
11824:
11814:
11810:
11809:
11802:
11801:
11799:
11795:
11785:
11779:
11778:
11776:
11772:
11762:
11756:
11755:
11753:
11749:
11739:
11729:
11727:
11721:
11720:
11718:
11716:
11712:
11702:
11692:
11690:
11680:
11678:
11668:
11667:
11665:
11663:
11659:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11634:
11632:
11622:
11620:
11610:
11608:
11598:
11596:
11586:
11584:
11574:
11572:
11562:
11560:
11550:
11548:
11538:
11536:
11530:
11529:
11527:
11525:
11521:
11511:
11501:
11499:
11489:
11487:
11477:
11476:
11474:
11472:
11468:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11443:
11441:
11431:
11429:
11419:
11417:
11407:
11405:
11395:
11393:
11383:
11381:
11371:
11369:
11359:
11357:
11347:
11345:
11339:
11338:
11336:
11334:
11330:
11327:
11325:
11319:
11309:
11303:
11301:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11280:
11276:
11266:
11260:
11259:
11257:
11253:
11243:
11233:
11231:
11225:
11224:
11222:
11220:
11216:
11206:
11196:
11194:
11184:
11182:
11172:
11170:
11160:
11158:
11152:
11151:
11149:
11147:
11143:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11118:
11117:
11115:
11113:
11109:
11099:
11089:
11088:
11086:
11084:
11080:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11055:
11053:
11043:
11041:
11031:
11029:
11019:
11017:
11007:
11005:
10995:
10993:
10983:
10981:
10971:
10969:
10959:
10957:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10946:
10942:
10932:
10925:
10923:
10917:
10915:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10903:
10900:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10856:
10854:
10852:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10839:
10829:
10823:
10821:
10811:
10809:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10788:
10784:
10774:
10764:
10762:
10756:
10755:
10753:
10749:
10739:
10729:
10727:
10721:
10720:
10718:
10714:
10704:
10694:
10692:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10679:
10669:
10659:
10657:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10644:
10634:
10624:
10622:
10612:
10610:
10600:
10598:
10588:
10586:
10576:
10574:
10564:
10562:
10552:
10550:
10540:
10538:
10528:
10526:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10503:
10502:
10500:
10498:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10483:
10473:
10467:
10465:
10459:
10457:
10451:
10449:
10443:
10441:
10435:
10434:
10432:
10428:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10394:
10392:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10375:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10345:
10343:
10341:
10338:Alkali metal
10335:
10331:
10324:
10319:
10317:
10312:
10310:
10305:
10304:
10301:
10289:
10279:
10277:
10267:
10265:
10255:
10253:
10252:
10243:
10242:
10239:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10151:Homochirality
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10073:
10071:
10069:
10065:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10033:
10031:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10006:Methoxyethane
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9989:
9985:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9920:
9918:
9914:
9910:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9889:Butyronitrile
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9864:Ethyl formate
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9843:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9813:
9811:
9809:
9801:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9789:Propionitrile
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9746:
9744:
9742:
9736:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9686:
9684:
9682:
9676:
9670:
9669:Vinyl alcohol
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9628:
9627:Vinyl cyanide
9625:
9624:
9623:
9622:Acrylonitrile
9620:
9618:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9610:
9604:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9587:Pentynylidyne
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9520:
9518:
9516:
9510:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9483:Methylenimine
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9418:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9410:
9404:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9362:Propynylidyne
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9352:Methyl cation
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9312:Fulminic acid
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9282:
9280:
9274:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9187:Nitrous oxide
9185:
9183:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9138:
9135:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9081:Amino radical
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9060:
9055:
9046:
9037:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9011:Sodium iodide
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8893:Cyano radical
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8873:Carbon cation
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8833:
8829:
8822:
8817:
8815:
8810:
8808:
8803:
8802:
8799:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8770:
8767:
8766:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8739:Bunsen burner
8737:
8736:
8734:
8730:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8674:
8669:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8645:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8625:
8623:
8621:
8617:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8568:
8566:
8562:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8484:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8468:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8450:
8445:
8443:
8438:
8436:
8431:
8430:
8427:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8406:
8403:
8385:
8382:
8368:
8365:
8351:
8348:
8334:
8331:
8317:
8314:
8300:
8297:
8283:
8280:
8266:
8263:
8249:
8246:
8232:
8229:
8215:
8212:
8198:
8195:
8181:
8178:
8164:
8161:
8147:
8144:
8130:
8127:
8113:
8110:
8096:
8093:
8079:
8076:
8062:
8059:
8045:
8042:
8028:
8025:
8011:
8008:
7998:
7995:
7994:
7991:
7987:
7980:
7975:
7973:
7968:
7966:
7961:
7960:
7957:
7950:
7947:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7926:
7923:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7908:
7907:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7888:
7886:9781498754293
7882:
7878:
7874:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7863:Cited sources
7842:
7838:
7831:
7824:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7794:
7775:
7771:
7764:
7758:
7742:
7738:
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7727:
7719:
7718:
7713:
7706:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7686:
7669:
7665:
7661:
7657:
7653:
7649:
7642:
7626:
7625:
7617:
7601:
7597:
7596:
7589:
7587:
7579:
7575:
7572:
7571:
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7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7525:
7518:
7512:
7504:
7500:
7494:
7486:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7445:
7429:
7425:
7418:
7410:
7406:
7401:
7400:10044/1/60810
7396:
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7386:
7382:
7378:
7374:
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7369:
7364:
7360:
7354:
7346:
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7310:
7303:
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7120:
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7092:
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7030:
7014:
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6997:
6981:
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6915:
6899:
6895:
6890:
6882:
6867:
6866:ThinkProgress
6863:
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6814:
6808:
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6789:
6785:
6781:
6774:
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6713:
6706:
6690:
6687:. About.com.
6686:
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6494:
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6474:
6468:
6457:September 16,
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6322:9783540321446
6318:
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6023:
6019:
6012:
6003:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5971:
5961:September 18,
5957:
5955:9781107057999
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5928:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5898:
5887:September 18,
5883:
5879:
5873:
5862:September 18,
5858:
5854:
5848:
5840:
5836:
5829:
5818:September 18,
5813:
5809:
5803:
5796:
5794:9783319600635
5790:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5771:
5755:
5751:
5744:
5736:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5646:
5630:
5626:
5619:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5590:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5553:September 18,
5549:
5545:
5538:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5511:
5509:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5464:September 18,
5460:
5456:
5449:
5441:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5400:
5392:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5351:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5241:9783319545295
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5199:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5140:
5132:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5089:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4959:Rossberg, M.
4956:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4937:
4929:
4925:
4919:
4904:
4900:
4893:
4877:
4871:
4864:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4789:
4785:
4778:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4714:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4593:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4551:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4477:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4415:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4256:
4248:
4243:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4192:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4141:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4091:
4084:
4078:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4054:
4047:
4042:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3990:
3981:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3960:. Cambridge:
3959:
3952:
3950:
3945:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3821:
3817:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3591:Abbreviations
3588:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3554:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3459:Lake Maggiore
3456:
3452:
3445:
3441:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3388:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3337:Mars missions
3334:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3256:
3246:
3240:
3237:This section
3235:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3181:
3174:
3173:metric tonnes
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3131:West Virginia
3128:
3124:
3119:
3112:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:energy sector
2952:
2946:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2816:coal seam gas
2813:
2809:
2808:Lake Maggiore
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2746:and uses the
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2691:hydrogenating
2685:
2681:
2676:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2652:methanotrophs
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2589:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2446:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2414:
2406:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2348:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2304:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2200:liquid oxygen
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:liquid oxygen
2168:
2164:
2163:liquid oxygen
2160:
2159:liquid rocket
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:liquid oxygen
2129:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2033:Gas pipelines
2030:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:chloromethane
2010:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1990:dihalomethane
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:. A two-step
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:where X is a
1910:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1744:
1716:
1712:
1711:positive ions
1709:A variety of
1707:
1705:
1704:methyllithium
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:One group of
1642:
1641:active site.
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1535:modifications
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:Methane is a
1460:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:has increased
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1321:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1251:
1245:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
991:
988:
984:
983:
979:
975:
972:
968:
967:
963:
961:
956:
951:
947:
939:
931:
925:
924:
921:−50.5 kJ/mol
920:
915:
907:
903:
902:
899:−74.6 kJ/mol
898:
890:
882:
876:
875:
871:
863:
858:
852:
851:
847:
842:
837:
836:Heat capacity
833:
832:
827:
819:
816:
815:Dipole moment
812:
811:
807:
803:
800:
797:
793:
792:
785:
782:
778:
777:
772:
764:
760:
756:
755:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
727:
720:
716:
710:
709:
705:
703:
702:
697:
696:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:diethyl ether
669:
665:
663:
660:
659:
655:
652:
648:
647:
643:
640:
636:
632:
629:
628:
624:
622:
621:Boiling point
619:
618:
614:
612:
611:Melting point
609:
608:
601:
598:
595:
594:
592:
590:
587:
586:
582:
580:
577:
576:
572:
569:
568:
561:
559:
556:
555:
543:
540:
536:
535:
530:
521:
520:
517:
510:
496:
495:
492:
485:
477:
473:
472:DTXSID8025545
469:
468:
466:
456:
452:
451:
447:
445:
442:
441:
434:
430:
429:
427:
425:
422:
421:
414:
413:
411:
409:
406:
405:
398:
394:
393:
391:
385:
381:
380:
376:
372:
370:
367:
366:
359:
355:
354:
352:
350:
347:
346:
342:
339:
335:
334:
327:
326:
324:
322:
317:
316:
312:
308:
305:
303:
301:ECHA InfoCard
298:
297:
290:
286:
285:
283:
281:
278:
277:
270:
266:
265:
263:
261:
258:
257:
250:
246:
245:
243:
241:
238:
237:
233:
230:
226:
225:
218:
214:
213:
211:
208:
207:
200:
196:
195:
193:
189:
184:
183:
176:
172:
171:
169:
166:
162:
161:
156:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
127:
119:
115:
107:
103:
98:
73:
69:
63:
59:
58:
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
27:
23:
12672:
12663:
12616:
12610:
12599:
12590:
12583:
12578:
12568:
12563:
12328:
12322:
12241:
12206:
12197:
12191:Livermoranes
11956:Polysulfanes
11879:Polyoxidanes
11847:
11812:
11803:
11304:
11296:
11291:
11282:
10884:Cycloalkynes
10879:Cycloalkenes
10874:Cycloalkanes
10851:Hydrocarbons
10824:
10812:
10804:
10799:
10790:
10390:Monohydrides
10244:
10227:Spectroscopy
10081:Astrobiology
9934:Formaldehyde
9826:Benzonitrile
9617:Acetaldehyde
9572:Methanethiol
9523:Acetonitrile
9472:
9428:Carbodiimide
9307:Formaldehyde
9302:Cyanoethynyl
9153:Iron cyanide
9148:Hydroperoxyl
8949:Nitric oxide
8764:Gas lighting
8749:Gas cylinder
8535:Producer gas
8520:Landfill gas
8515:Gasification
7996:
7933:
7929:
7904:
7870:
7848:. Retrieved
7836:
7823:
7811:. Retrieved
7802:
7793:
7781:. Retrieved
7769:
7757:
7745:. Retrieved
7737:ResearchGate
7736:
7726:
7715:
7705:
7685:
7672:. Retrieved
7655:
7651:
7641:
7629:. Retrieved
7623:
7616:
7604:. Retrieved
7598:. BookRags.
7594:
7569:
7563:
7538:
7534:
7524:
7511:
7502:
7493:
7458:
7454:
7444:
7432:. Retrieved
7417:
7372:
7366:
7353:
7318:
7312:
7302:
7251:
7245:
7239:
7212:
7206:
7194:. Retrieved
7183:
7173:
7161:. Retrieved
7150:
7140:
7128:. Retrieved
7117:
7107:
7095:. Retrieved
7084:
7074:
7039:
7035:
7029:
7017:. Retrieved
7006:
6996:
6984:. Retrieved
6970:
6953:
6949:
6928:. Retrieved
6925:The Guardian
6924:
6914:
6902:. Retrieved
6893:
6881:
6871:February 26,
6869:. Retrieved
6865:
6855:
6845:February 26,
6843:. Retrieved
6832:
6822:February 18,
6820:. Retrieved
6816:
6807:
6795:. Retrieved
6783:
6779:
6766:
6754:. Retrieved
6749:
6745:
6732:
6720:. Retrieved
6705:
6693:. Retrieved
6678:
6629:
6625:
6618:
6606:. Retrieved
6590:The Guardian
6589:
6580:
6568:. Retrieved
6564:the original
6559:
6550:
6538:. Retrieved
6524:
6514:September 4,
6512:. Retrieved
6503:
6493:
6481:. Retrieved
6467:
6455:. Retrieved
6418:
6414:
6364:
6360:
6350:
6335:
6330:
6304:
6298:
6286:. Retrieved
6282:
6277:IEA (2022).
6272:
6260:. Retrieved
6257:Carbon Brief
6256:
6246:
6234:. Retrieved
6230:
6220:
6208:. Retrieved
6205:The Guardian
6204:
6194:
6188:The Guardian
6187:
6171:
6163:the original
6154:E&E News
6152:
6142:
6130:. Retrieved
6086:
6082:
6071:
6050:
6038:. Retrieved
6022:The Observer
6021:
6011:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5959:, retrieved
5937:
5927:
5915:. Retrieved
5906:
5897:
5885:. Retrieved
5881:
5872:
5860:. Retrieved
5856:
5847:
5838:
5828:
5816:. Retrieved
5811:
5802:
5776:
5770:
5758:. Retrieved
5743:
5690:
5686:
5676:
5664:. Retrieved
5660:the original
5655:
5645:
5633:. Retrieved
5629:the original
5618:
5606:. Retrieved
5596:
5594:FAO (2006).
5589:
5577:. Retrieved
5563:
5551:. Retrieved
5547:
5537:
5520:
5516:
5495:. Retrieved
5486:
5462:. Retrieved
5459:Carbon Brief
5458:
5448:
5413:
5409:
5399:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5278:
5274:
5223:
5217:
5198:
5186:. Retrieved
5153:
5149:
5139:
5102:
5098:
5088:
5076:. Retrieved
5048:
5044:
5034:
5022:. Retrieved
4994:
4990:
4980:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4936:
4927:
4918:
4906:. Retrieved
4902:
4892:
4882:February 22,
4880:. Retrieved
4870:
4861:
4854:. Retrieved
4840:
4829:the original
4824:
4799:
4792:. Retrieved
4788:the original
4777:
4765:. Retrieved
4756:
4747:
4738:
4732:
4713:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4557:
4550:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4466:December 10,
4464:. Retrieved
4449:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4353:
4349:
4339:
4329:February 22,
4327:. Retrieved
4307:
4300:
4267:
4263:
4242:
4230:. Retrieved
4226:the original
4221:
4195:. Retrieved
4190:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4128:. Retrieved
4119:
4109:
4097:. Retrieved
4090:the original
4077:
4065:
4053:
4041:
4010:. Retrieved
3996:
3983:
3957:
3871:
3839:
3833:
3820:
3804:Methyl group
3794:Methanotroph
3594:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3490:
3482:Humphry Davy
3475:
3448:
3418:
3395:
3369:
3330:
3319:
3316:
3286:Solar System
3283:
3263:
3250:
3238:
3192:
3168:
3165:Turkmenistan
3161:The Guardian
3159:In May 2023
3158:
3147:
3120:
3117:
3061:beneath the
3053:
3037:
3030:
3015:
2982:
2973:
2969:interglacial
2959:
2947:
2944:
2917:
2910:
2875:
2863:
2797:
2770:or a methyl
2761:
2744:electrolysis
2734:
2703:
2688:
2680:electrolysis
2648:gas hydrates
2633:
2624:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2568:
2542:
2507:
2488:
2473:
2451:
2432:designation
2423:
2373:
2365:chlorination
2362:
2352:
2344:
2308:
2300:
2293:O ⇌ CO + 3 H
2250:
2229:
2181:. The lower
2156:
2151:
2134:, as in the
2119:
2117:
2049:
2042:
2026:
2002:
1928:
1895:as follows:
1887:
1876:
1862:
1827:
1796:Despite the
1795:
1708:
1696:deprotonated
1683:
1674:hydrocarbons
1671:
1643:
1639:alpha-oxygen
1580:
1571:halogenation
1556:
1532:
1509:
1502:
1487:
1464:
1444:astrobiology
1437:
1418:
1395:
1243:
1242:
1100:Autoignition
1028:
992:
959:
948:−891 kJ/mol
937:
913:
888:
861:
840:
751:Methyl anion
718:
700:
638:
634:
408:RTECS number
158:Identifiers
129:Other names
38:
11774:Bismuthanes
10201:Outer space
10111:Cosmic dust
10076:Abiogenesis
9988:Unconfirmed
9944:Heavy water
9784:Ethanethiol
9699:Cyanoallene
9689:Acetic acid
9659:Methylamine
9543:Diacetylene
9458:Formic acid
9448:Cyanomethyl
9106:Diazenylium
9096:CCP radical
8972:(molecular)
8956:(molecular)
8925:(molecular)
8786:Pilot light
8781:Gas turbine
8688:Gas carrier
8565:Natural gas
8530:Pintsch gas
8350:Tetracosane
8333:Heneicosane
8265:Heptadecane
8231:Pentadecane
8214:Tetradecane
7606:January 26,
7277:1874/366378
7019:November 3,
6695:November 7,
6392:1874/366386
5760:November 7,
5608:October 27,
5306:1874/366386
4155:: 645–661.
4099:December 4,
4012:November 7,
3843:reactions.
3749:Methanation
3718:Halomethane
3713:Thomas Gold
3467:Switzerland
3461:straddling
3296:processes.
3145:disasters.
3065:within the
3063:ocean floor
3022:gas venting
2951:agriculture
2901:troposphere
2832:hydrocarbon
2764:protonation
2426:refrigerant
2420:Refrigerant
2388:carbon sink
2303:endothermic
2231:Natural gas
2128:rocket fuel
2085:natural gas
2060:gas turbine
2052:natural gas
1672:Like other
1539:space group
1512:-butylthiol
1467:tetrahedral
1391:hydrocarbon
1364:natural gas
1102:temperature
1089:Flash point
987:Signal word
802:Tetrahedral
781:Point group
713:Henry's law
666:Soluble in
570:Appearance
532:Properties
307:100.000.739
269:ChEMBL17564
249:CHEBI:16183
149:Natural gas
13095:Categories
11797:Moscovanes
11662:Phosphenes
11524:Phosphanes
11322:Pnictogen
11279:Flerovanes
10430:Dihydrides
10380:(Group 2)
10116:Cosmic ray
10058:Silylidyne
10021:Hemolithin
9996:Anthracene
9913:Deuterated
9894:Pyrimidine
9704:Ethanimine
9567:Ketenimine
9423:Butadiynyl
9247:Thioformyl
9101:Chloronium
8769:Gas mantle
8759:Gas heater
8754:Gas engine
8744:Gas burner
8693:Gas holder
8367:Nonacosane
8299:Nonadecane
8282:Octadecane
7850:August 26,
7813:August 26,
7783:August 26,
7747:August 26,
7434:October 3,
6540:October 7,
6344:0534496725
5322:Pedosphere
4640:(1): 1–8.
4363:2201.04516
4232:August 22,
4060:, p. 3.578
4048:, p. 5.156
4036:, p. 3.344
3853:forsterite
3774:Methanogen
3762:atmosphere
3453:physicist
3406:atmosphere
3335:on future
3195:asphyxiant
3092:permafrost
3050:Clathrates
2998:(47%) and
2794:Occurrence
2600:See also:
2460:See also:
2440:Generation
2347:exothermic
2242:refineries
2089:megajoules
2009:chloroform
1904:→ HX + •CH
1834:Combustion
1828:Methane's
1816:Combustion
1763:superacids
1559:combustion
1520:atmosphere
1446:research.
1410:atmosphere
971:Pictograms
930:combustion
774:Structure
769:10 cm/mol
662:Solubility
656:22.7 mg/L
558:Molar mass
433:OP0UW79H66
280:ChemSpider
186:3D model (
165:CAS Number
12673:predicted
12617:predicted
12600:predicted
12329:predicted
12207:predicted
11866:Hydrogen
11813:predicted
11283:predicted
11255:Plumbanes
11219:Stannanes
10889:Annulenes
10791:predicted
10787:Nihonanes
10751:Thallanes
10716:Indiganes
10486:Group 13
10378:Alkaline
10048:Phosphine
9916:molecules
9849:fullerene
9749:Acetamide
9553:Formamide
9433:Cyanamide
9287:Acetylene
9262:Tricarbon
9173:Methylene
9158:Isoformyl
9063:Triatomic
8836:Molecules
8776:Gas stove
8698:Gas meter
8550:Water gas
8197:Tridecane
7877:CRC Press
7712:"methane"
7658:: 55–62.
7231:115442477
7152:Space.com
6956:: 43–56.
6786:: 13–20.
6654:1095-9203
6598:0261-3077
6446:1912/8978
6288:August 2,
6262:August 2,
6236:August 2,
6132:March 15,
6127:211194542
6111:1476-4687
6030:0029-7712
5917:March 30,
5717:1932-6203
5579:April 11,
5497:April 10,
5250:105761461
5178:129445357
5073:248018294
5019:244814932
4767:March 11,
4406:245877540
4197:March 15,
4130:March 20,
4116:"METHANE"
3940:Citations
3734:Lake Kivu
3534:méthylène
3503:Etymology
3425:acetylene
3320:Curiosity
3268:found on
3253:June 2024
3245:talk page
3203:landfills
3123:explosive
3024:from the
2888:Methane (
2855:sediments
2844:anaerobic
2804:marsh gas
2621:Ruminants
2530:ruminants
2522:landfills
2376:pyrolysis
2239:petroleum
1963:peroxides
1945:(Br), or
1802:catalysts
1743:methanium
1715:methenium
1678:weak acid
1633:, copper
1626:catalyzed
1583:oxidation
1524:flammable
1471:C–H bonds
1402:reservoir
1336:with the
962:labelling
881:formation
855:Std molar
739:Methanium
583:Odorless
444:UN number
415:PA1490000
328:200-812-7
320:EC Number
143:Marsh gas
13111:Fuel gas
12586:< 1)
12132:Tellanes
11751:Stibanes
11146:Germanes
10681:Gallanes
10488:hydrides
10035:Linear C
10016:Graphene
9928:Ammonium
9729:Acrolein
9592:Propynal
9577:Methanol
9548:Ethylene
9417:Ammonium
9192:Nitroxyl
9016:Sulfanyl
8960:Imidogen
8954:Nitrogen
8923:Hydrogen
8868:Argonium
8845:Diatomic
8718:Odorizer
8703:Gasworks
8654:Hydrogen
8555:Wood gas
8525:Mond gas
8510:Blau gas
8483:Coal gas
8456:Fuel gas
8180:Dodecane
8163:Undecane
7841:Archived
7807:Archived
7774:Archived
7741:Archived
7695:Archived
7674:June 14,
7668:Archived
7600:Archived
7574:Archived
7485:28981740
7428:Archived
7409:29880683
7345:29880682
7294:46952468
7286:29880670
7190:Archived
7157:Archived
7124:Archived
7091:Archived
7013:Archived
6980:Archived
6898:Archived
6722:April 8,
6716:Archived
6689:Archived
6670:14113328
6662:22246768
6608:July 14,
6602:Archived
6570:March 6,
6534:Archived
6508:Archived
6483:April 6,
6477:Archived
6451:Archived
6180:Archived
6119:32076219
6040:July 14,
6034:Archived
5911:Archived
5754:Archived
5735:33730064
5687:PLOS ONE
5666:March 2,
5635:July 15,
5602:Archived
5573:Archived
5571:. 2016.
5491:Archived
5487:phys.org
5440:29990451
5391:23100838
5207:Archived
5182:Archived
5131:26236303
5078:July 10,
5024:June 15,
4944:Archived
4908:March 7,
4856:June 14,
4850:Archived
4794:July 25,
4761:Archived
4721:Archived
4697:19900892
4619:26624076
4584:25707470
4542:29256242
4503:12797835
4460:Archived
4398:35865671
4323:Archived
4292:56457317
4124:Archived
4120:noaa.gov
4006:Archived
3857:fayalite
3851:between
3824:In 2013
3798:bacteria
3788:microbes
3646:See also
3636:kilogram
3569:methanol
3497:methanol
3486:firedamp
3143:jet fire
2965:ice ages
2866:pipeline
2840:nitrogen
2782:and dry
2774:such as
2726:gasoline
2644:sediment
2596:Wetlands
2510:biogenic
2369:methanol
2257:catalyst
2220:Terran R
2212:Starship
2204:Zhuque-2
2167:kerosene
2152:methalox
2118:Refined
1955:UV light
1939:chlorine
1935:fluorine
1893:radicals
1798:strength
1646:bacteria
1635:zeolites
1587:methanol
1581:Partial
1398:seafloor
1387:compound
1352:hydrogen
1179:Plumbane
1174:Stannane
1117:4.4–17%
1029:NFPA 704
953:Hazards
761:(χ)
715:constant
684:methanol
234:1718732
42:Methane
13101:Methane
12571:< 1)
12168:Polanes
12095:Selanes
12081:more...
11943:more...
11715:Arsanes
11648:more...
11457:more...
11112:Silynes
11083:Silenes
11069:more...
10945:Silanes
10869:alkynes
10864:alkenes
10859:alkanes
10497:Boranes
10181:Kerogen
10068:Related
10011:Glycine
9964:Propyne
9923:Ammonia
9821:Benzene
9816:Acetone
9808:or more
9779:Propene
9764:Ethanol
9654:Propyne
9473:Methane
9342:Ketenyl
9292:Ammonia
8638:Propane
8628:Autogas
8608:Bio-SNG
8474:History
8316:Icosane
8095:Heptane
8061:Pentane
8027:Propane
7997:Methane
7986:Alkanes
7901:Methane
7631:May 16,
7595:Methane
7543:Bibcode
7463:Bibcode
7377:Bibcode
7368:Science
7323:Bibcode
7314:Science
7256:Bibcode
7247:Science
7214:Science
7196:June 8,
7163:June 7,
7130:June 7,
7097:June 7,
7044:Bibcode
6986:July 7,
6904:July 6,
6797:July 1,
6756:July 1,
6634:Bibcode
6626:Science
6423:Bibcode
6369:Bibcode
6210:July 5,
6091:Bibcode
5989:Bibcode
5726:7968649
5695:Bibcode
5418:Bibcode
5382:3450062
5330:Bibcode
5283:Bibcode
5188:May 23,
5158:Bibcode
5122:4505394
5105:: 725.
5053:Bibcode
4999:Bibcode
4928:Reuters
4705:5597392
4677:Bibcode
4669:Science
4642:Bibcode
4429:Bibcode
4389:9286428
4368:Bibcode
4272:Bibcode
3902:→ 12 Mg
3861:(Fe,Mg)
3845:Olivine
3778:archaea
3767:climate
3634:(mol),
3528:méthyle
3509:methane
3451:Italian
3435:History
3429:glucose
3376:olivine
3363:in the
3304:Methane
3294:abiotic
2987:of the
2814:, with
2714:lignite
2666:(SRB).
2640:aerobic
2518:Archaea
2476:abiotic
2255:-based
2216:Neutron
2124:used as
2081:heating
1943:bromine
1931:halogen
1900:•X + CH
1890:halogen
1865:= −891
1810:alkanes
1767:Cations
1654:oxidant
1652:as the
1650:nitrite
1505:odorant
1498:Neptune
1384:organic
1332:) is a
1244:Methane
1225:what is
1223: (
1169:Germane
1141:Propane
909:(Δ
857:entropy
717: (
688:acetone
680:toluene
676:benzene
668:ethanol
589:Density
384:PubChem
375:Methane
175:74-82-8
110:Methane
11471:Azenes
11333:Azanes
10646:Alanes
10232:Tholin
10053:Pyrene
9498:Silane
9468:Ketene
8970:Oxygen
8633:Butane
8545:Syngas
8500:Biogas
8146:Decane
8129:Nonane
8112:Octane
8078:Hexane
8044:Butane
8010:Ethane
7883:
7770:US EPA
7664:112588
7662:
7535:Icarus
7483:
7407:
7343:
7292:
7284:
7229:
6930:May 9,
6668:
6660:
6652:
6596:
6342:
6319:
6125:
6117:
6109:
6083:Nature
6028:
5952:
5931:IPCC.
5814:. 2022
5791:
5733:
5723:
5715:
5438:
5389:
5379:
5248:
5238:
5176:
5129:
5119:
5071:
5017:
4961:et al.
4703:
4695:
4617:
4582:
4572:
4540:
4501:
4404:
4396:
4386:
4315:
4290:
4070:Haynes
4058:Haynes
4046:Haynes
4034:Haynes
3976:
3918:+ 4 Fe
3898:O + CO
3894:+ 26 H
3886:+ 6 Fe
3688:Biogas
3638:, and
3522:Methyl
3517:methyl
3402:Saturn
3353:oxygen
2836:helium
2730:diesel
2636:anoxic
2573:(MCR).
2538:anoxic
2534:cattle
2480:strata
2430:ASHRAE
2413:kJ/mol
2384:biogas
2333:O ⇌ CO
2329:CO + H
2278:syngas
2261:nickel
2218:, and
2208:Vulcan
2193:, the
2148:YF-215
2146:, and
2144:Raptor
1961:(like
1947:iodine
1941:(Cl),
1924:X + •X
1741:, and
1680:. Its
1658:oxygen
1619:enzyme
1617:. The
1615:oxygen
1569:, and
1567:syngas
1494:Uranus
1473:. Its
1360:alkane
1348:carbon
1329:-thayn
1220:verify
1217:
1164:Silane
1146:Butane
1136:Ethane
993:Danger
822:
806:carbon
563:16.043
516:SMILES
358:C01438
260:ChEMBL
217:B01453
209:3DMet
100:Names
87:
81:
26:ETHANE
22:Ethane
13116:Fuels
10218:(PAH)
9806:atoms
9741:atoms
9681:atoms
9679:Eight
9609:atoms
9607:Seven
9515:atoms
9409:atoms
9279:atoms
9267:Water
9197:Ozone
9139:(HNC)
9133:(HCN)
8647:Other
8463:Types
7951:(PDF)
7844:(PDF)
7833:(PDF)
7777:(PDF)
7766:(PDF)
7660:JSTOR
7481:S2CID
7290:S2CID
7227:S2CID
6841:. BBC
6776:(PDF)
6742:(PDF)
6666:S2CID
6123:S2CID
6063:(PDF)
5246:S2CID
5174:S2CID
5069:S2CID
5015:S2CID
4832:(PDF)
4821:(PDF)
4701:S2CID
4615:S2CID
4402:S2CID
4358:arXiv
4288:S2CID
4187:(PDF)
4093:(PDF)
4086:(PDF)
3878:18 Mg
3847:is a
3553:methy
3463:Italy
3410:lakes
3398:Titan
3382:Titan
3322:rover
3274:Titan
3090:from
2897:AGAGE
2847:decay
2806:from
2582:CSIRO
2560:+ 2 H
2552:+ 4 H
2526:soils
2424:As a
2411:74.8
2409:ΔH° =
2253:metal
2157:As a
2136:TQ-12
1937:(F),
1853:+ 2 H
1845:+ 2 O
1611:water
1368:Earth
1346:(one
808:atom
765:−17.4
706:1.09
692:water
491:InChI
448:1971
240:ChEBI
188:JSmol
9739:Nine
9407:Five
9317:HCCN
9277:Four
9237:SiNC
8732:Uses
8588:HCNG
7881:ISBN
7852:2020
7815:2020
7785:2020
7749:2020
7676:2016
7633:2021
7608:2012
7436:2016
7405:PMID
7341:PMID
7282:PMID
7198:2018
7165:2018
7132:2018
7119:NASA
7099:2018
7086:NASA
7021:2012
6988:2012
6932:2023
6906:2017
6873:2016
6847:2016
6824:2016
6799:2022
6758:2022
6752:(25)
6724:2010
6697:2012
6658:PMID
6650:ISSN
6610:2019
6594:ISSN
6572:2019
6542:2012
6516:2017
6485:2018
6459:2019
6340:ISBN
6317:ISBN
6290:2023
6264:2023
6238:2023
6212:2022
6156:via
6134:2023
6115:PMID
6107:ISSN
6056:IPCC
6042:2019
6026:ISSN
5963:2023
5950:ISBN
5919:2014
5907:NASA
5889:2023
5864:2023
5820:2023
5789:ISBN
5762:2012
5731:PMID
5713:ISSN
5668:2011
5637:2016
5610:2009
5581:2019
5555:2023
5499:2019
5466:2023
5436:PMID
5387:PMID
5236:ISBN
5190:2017
5127:PMID
5080:2022
5026:2022
4910:2014
4884:2014
4858:2019
4796:2009
4769:2016
4693:PMID
4580:PMID
4570:ISBN
4538:PMID
4499:PMID
4468:2019
4394:PMID
4331:2016
4313:ISBN
4234:2021
4222:IPCC
4199:2023
4132:2015
4101:2011
4014:2013
3974:ISBN
3926:+ CH
3914:(OH)
3855:and
3640:gram
3632:mole
3609:-C.
3581:-ina
3577:-ine
3573:-ane
3564:hyle
3548:μέθυ
3541:and
3513:-ane
3465:and
3421:life
3359:and
3317:The
3290:Mars
3280:Mars
3270:Mars
3084:PETM
3020:and
2989:IPCC
2931:leak
2838:and
2824:coal
2615:Rice
2556:→ CH
2524:and
2434:R-50
2267:and
2206:and
2175:soot
2140:BE-4
2095:per
2045:fuel
2039:Fuel
2023:Uses
2011:via
2007:and
1967:atom
1920:→ CH
1849:→ CO
1781:and
1692:DMSO
1609:and
1510:tert
1496:and
1481:and
1440:Mars
1372:fuel
1286:-ayn
1284:METH
1021:P210
1007:H220
699:log
579:Odor
424:UNII
369:MeSH
349:KEGG
13080:PsH
13059:CfH
13051:CfH
13043:BkH
13035:BkH
13027:CmH
13019:AmH
13011:AmH
13003:PuH
12995:PuH
12987:NpH
12979:NpH
12955:PaH
12937:ThH
12929:ThH
12921:AcH
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35:.
28:.
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