171:
20:
302:
193:
185:
38:
241:, but a small shrine called the "Shōzoku Inari Jinja" remains next to the former second Ōji tram stop (now in front of the "horibun" intersection point), and the area was previously called Enokimachi (榎町, "enoki town"). As this area was part of a larger development plan, in 1993, on the evening of the annual Ōmisoka, an event was held called the "Ōji Kitsune's Procession".
226:, the foxes of Kanhasshū (all of the Kantō region) would gather below the tree, put on uniforms, call on their ranks, and visit the palace of Ōji Inari. As the kitsunebi that can be seen on this occasion was quite a spectacle, it is said that the peasants around the area would count their numbers and used that to predict a good or bad harvest for next year.
335:, there is a statement about how foxes would use withered trees on the ground to make fires. "Fox fire" in English is translated to "kitsunebi" in Japanese, and this "fox" does not refer to the animal, but instead means "withered" or "rotten and discolored", and seeing how "fox fire" refers to the fire of withered trees and the light of
368:, when a person goes near a kitsunebi, there would be a fox holding human bones in their mouth, and after the fox goes away, the human bone would be glowing a turquoise color. From things such as this, Enryō Inoue among others support the theory that phosphorous light given off from within bones is linked to kitsunebi. Phosphorus
376:
In 1977, the folkloricist
Yoshiharu Tsunda's detailed research gave the explanation that almost all kitsunebi can be explained by a large refraction of light that often occurs in alluvial fans that go between mountainous and plain regions. There are also other hypotheses on their true identities such
313:
In various folk legends and writings of the Edo Period, there are many things said about foxes concerning how their breath would glow, how they would strike with their tails to light a fire, and how they would have a glowing ball called the "kitsunebi-tama" (kitsunebi ball), among other tales. The
284:
of
Okayama, it is said that an old fox shapeshifted into a chūko. Similarly, on Ryūgūjima, Tamatsu village, Oku District, the atmospheric ghost lights that appear at night with signs of coming rain that are about as big as paper lanterns are called chūko. Sometimes they would fall to the earth and
372:
above 60 degrees, which would also be a reason for why the fox's true identity would be linked to the light from phosphorus. However, the kitsunebi in legends is said to be visible even from a distance of several kilometers away, which would be hard to square with the idea that they are actually
73:
Kimimori
Sarashina, a researcher of local stories, summarizes the features of the kitsunebi as follows: in places where there was no presence of fire, mysterious flames like those of a paper lantern or a torch would appear in a line and flicker in and out, with fires that had gone out sometimes
74:
appearing in yet another place, so that if one attempted to chase after what was behind all this, it would disappear in the middle. When they appear between spring and autumn, they show up especially in hot summers and appear easily when it is cloudy when the weather is changing.
77:
They are said to appear from ten to several hundred in a line, and just when one thinks that they have increased, they would suddenly disappear, then multiply once again. In the Nagano
Prefecture, many lights like that of a paper lantern would appear in a line and flicker.
1314:
326:, when fishermen capture kitsunebi with their nets, there would be a kitsunebi-tama caught in their nets, and it was an object that was useful as illumination because it does not shine during the daytime but would glow at night time.
112:), there are also legends where kitsunebi is said to follow a human anywhere. It is often said that foxes trick humans, so likewise, the kitsunebi would light up places where there are no roads and make the humans lose their way. In
1308:
261:, kitsunebi are called "kitsune taimatsu" (狐松明, "fox torch"). As its name implies, it is said to be a torchlight to provide lighting for a fox's marriage, and is said to be a good omen.
139:
in which a certain lord and vassal were looking for a place to build a castle. A white fox lit up the path at night and guided the way for them to reach a suitable place for a castle.
483:
364:
by the essayist
Miyoshi Shōzan also state that foxes would hold horse bones in their mouth to light a fire. In the collection of strange tales from the Nagano Prefecture, the
1091:
25:
150:
about winter and kitsunebi, they usually appear during the winter; but there have also been examples where they appear in the hot season of summer or in autumn.
1281:
1240:
1192:
1165:
1139:
1104:
1062:
1007:
857:
849:
204:
348:
331:
85:(about 500–600 m). Generally the color of the fire is red or orange, but there have been several examples of witnesses that have seen blue flames.
1273:
1039:
1343:
229:
From this, enoki trees are also called "shōzoku enoki" (装束榎, "costume enoki"), and it became a well known place, and even became a subject in
200:
128:), there are legends about catching a fever after encountering a kitsunebi, giving a strong basis for the hypothesis that kitsunebi are like
1900:
2984:
129:
798:
1636:
395:
96:, they said to appear in the hillsides where there are no roads and other places where there is no presence of humans; but in
1297:
1258:
1209:
1177:
1155:
1112:
1074:
1047:
869:
429:
1336:
1244:
475:
3531:
280:" (宙狐). Different from the average kitsunebi, they float at relatively low altitudes, and thus in Toyohara village,
285:
illuminate the surroundings, and then finally disappear without a trace. Enryō Inoue, a yōkai researcher from the
1329:
234:
176:
1066:
861:
2939:
1523:
120:, it was said to be possible to disperse it when such a thing happens by kicking it up with one's feet. In
2550:
3536:
101:
1289:
823:
1541:
352:, there are statements about how foxes would make light using human skulls and horse bones, and the
58:
1606:
1505:
3541:
3072:
2222:
1855:
369:
1624:
293:
to it, indicating the ones that fly high as "tenko" (天狐), and the ones that fly low as chūko.
281:
2667:
2076:
1147:
1031:
1027:
1015:
43:
8:
3364:
3083:
2377:
405:
254:
105:
3200:
1819:
218:
Formerly, the area around Ōji was all a rural zone, and on the roadside there was a big
2989:
2458:
1905:
1693:
1360:
390:
273:
269:
170:
125:
62:
2730:
2631:
3045:
2876:
1550:
1514:
1370:
1352:
1293:
1254:
1228:
1220:
1205:
1173:
1151:
1127:
1108:
1085:
1070:
1043:
865:
802:
733:
721:
702:
690:
654:
642:
623:
615:
597:
589:
553:
541:
425:
339:
and mushroom roots that cling to withered trees, statements such as the one from the
136:
117:
93:
19:
2067:
1487:
343:
could be seen to refer to the light from the hypha on withered trees on the ground.
82:
3063:
2467:
2249:
2231:
1846:
1702:
1577:
1433:
258:
109:
97:
3054:
2404:
1559:
3472:
2712:
2332:
1916:
1873:
1460:
1406:
1379:
1250:
1019:
219:
48:
2703:
1415:
3505:
3500:
3490:
3454:
3274:
3227:
3128:
3036:
2658:
2386:
2258:
1961:
1810:
1586:
378:
265:
121:
89:
3510:
3000:
2786:
2739:
1756:
1615:
1424:
212:
3525:
3182:
2047:
1882:
1747:
1657:
1532:
250:
143:
132:(divine spirits that bring misfortune from unprepared encounters with them).
2577:
301:
3346:
3256:
2759:
2505:
2395:
2058:
1792:
479:
286:
238:
192:
184:
113:
1934:
1864:
1442:
3209:
3191:
3164:
3155:
3027:
2804:
2649:
2496:
2350:
2130:
1979:
1837:
1648:
1388:
208:
3310:
3245:
3173:
2721:
2595:
2568:
2312:
2166:
1478:
1397:
1232:
1131:
737:
706:
658:
627:
601:
557:
65:. They are also called "hitobosu", "hitomoshi" (火点し), and "rinka" (燐火).
3495:
3355:
3218:
3146:
3137:
3009:
2966:
2903:
2894:
2849:
2795:
2604:
2523:
2449:
2431:
2368:
2240:
2213:
2033:
1997:
1801:
1568:
30:
3301:
2975:
2685:
2094:
1451:
223:
3445:
3373:
3265:
2930:
2912:
2885:
2613:
2359:
2085:
2015:
2006:
1828:
1738:
1729:
1666:
230:
174:"Kitsunebi on New Year's Night under the Enoki Tree near Ōji" in the
2957:
2184:
2103:
1783:
1321:
180:
by
Hiroshige. Each fox has a kitsunebi floating close to their face.
3436:
3391:
3382:
3319:
3236:
3018:
2858:
2822:
2622:
2541:
2514:
2422:
2276:
2267:
2202:
2193:
2157:
2148:
2042:
1943:
1891:
1684:
1496:
1469:
400:
3463:
3427:
3418:
2840:
2777:
1988:
315:
309:. It depicts a fox holding a bone in its mouth and causing a fire.
37:
3283:
2948:
2921:
2768:
2487:
2341:
2303:
2175:
2139:
2121:
2024:
1774:
1765:
1720:
1675:
323:
1952:
3409:
3400:
3110:
3101:
2867:
2559:
2532:
2478:
2440:
2413:
2285:
2112:
1970:
1925:
1711:
3337:
3292:
3119:
3092:
2813:
2750:
2676:
2640:
2294:
353:
336:
154:
147:
3328:
2831:
360:
by the yomihon author Takai Ranzan and the late Edo Period
827:
2694:
2586:
157:, but usually they are considered separate from onibi.
3470:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3070:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2465:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1368:
776:
153:
There is a theory that kitsunebi is another name for
935:
908:
373:sources of light as weak as hypha or phosphorus.
3523:
381:, but there are many that still go unexplained.
329:In the Genroku period book about herbalism, the
61:told about in legends all across Japan outside
1337:
276:, these atmospheric ghost lights are called "
16:Atmospheric ghost lights in Japanese folklore
88:Concerning their location of appearance, in
215:, it is also a famous place for kitsunebi.
1344:
1330:
793:
791:
377:as the natural combustion of petroleum or
1084:菊岡沾凉 (1975) . "諸国里人談". In 早川純三郎他編 (ed.).
925:
923:
749:
747:
81:The line's length spans across up to one
847:
766:
764:
762:
300:
191:
183:
169:
36:
18:
986:
984:
982:
788:
470:
468:
418:
3524:
920:
744:
539:
396:List of legendary creatures from Japan
322:states that in the beginning years of
1351:
1325:
969:
967:
965:
952:
950:
898:
896:
883:
881:
759:
672:
670:
668:
979:
719:
688:
640:
587:
571:
569:
567:
523:
521:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
465:
455:
453:
211:, Tokyo, is known to be the head of
1306:
1006:
902:
676:
440:
438:
13:
1280:
1267:
1239:
1199:
1186:
1164:
1138:
1121:
1098:
1083:
1056:
1026:
990:
973:
962:
956:
947:
941:
929:
914:
893:
887:
878:
782:
770:
753:
665:
575:
527:
512:
459:
222:tree. Every year, on the night of
160:
14:
3553:
1218:
848:日野巌・日野綏彦 (2006) . "日本妖怪変化語彙". In
564:
518:
497:
450:
444:
435:
305:Depiction of kitsunebi from the
296:
237:. The tree withered away in the
1313:. Vol. 72 (改訂版 ed.).
1249:. Vol. 第6巻 (2版 ed.).
841:
816:
713:
682:
634:
608:
424:村上健司編著 『妖怪事典』 毎日新聞社、2000年、134頁。
244:
235:One Hundred Famous Views of Edo
177:One Hundred Famous Views of Edo
165:
581:
533:
1:
1172:. 新紀元文庫. Vol. IV. 新紀元社.
1122:鈴木元 (April 2002). "歌、遊び、秘伝".
1000:
196:Kitsune no Gyoretsu(Ōji 2010)
188:Kitsune no Gyoretsu(Ōji 2010)
7:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3399:
3390:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3309:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3255:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3091:
3082:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2776:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2331:
2322:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
384:
135:Also, there was a story in
68:
10:
3558:
826:. 王子狐の行列の会. Archived from
801:. 東京の石狐めぐり. Archived from
3483:
1635:
1597:
1359:
1010:他 (1955). 民俗学研究所編 (ed.).
289:, applied the characters
3532:Atmospheric ghost lights
1272:. カラーブックス. Vol. 2.
411:
366:Shinshū Hyaku Monogatari
1243:他 (1994) . 渡辺静夫 (ed.).
622:(27号): 75. 1991-01-20.
59:atmospheric ghost light
29:, author unknown (late
26:Bakemono Tsukushi Emaki
3073:Yashima no Hage-tanuki
588:土井卓治 (November 1955).
370:spontaneously combusts
310:
197:
189:
181:
51:
34:
1607:Konjaku Monogatarishū
1034:井上円了記念学術センター編 (ed.).
1030:(2000) . "迷信と宗教". In
540:有賀喜左衛門 (1929-04-20).
304:
195:
187:
173:
41:"Kitsunebi" from the
40:
22:
1639:in Japanese Folklore
1637:Legendary Creatures
1307:清原伸一編, ed. (2013) .
1219:林宏 (February 1977).
1090:. Vol. 第2期24巻.
1625:Uji Shūi Monogatari
1524:Taketori Monogatari
785:, pp. 174–178.
720:中島繁男 (1937-08-25).
689:石川正臣 (1984-01-01).
641:宮澤千章 (2003-01-01).
362:Shōzan Chomon Kishū
255:Yamagata Prefecture
106:Ishikawa Prefecture
1317:. NCID BA87673795.
1276:. NCID BN0296884X.
1195:. NCID BA31782934.
1094:. NCID BN04852198.
1022:. NCID BN05729787.
932:, pp. 198–199
701:(1号（通巻688号）): 15.
653:(1号（通巻896号）): 30.
578:, pp. 344–345
391:Kitsune no yomeiri
311:
274:Tottori Prefecture
270:Okayama Prefecture
198:
190:
182:
126:Shimane Prefecture
63:Okinawa Prefecture
52:
35:
3537:Japanese folklore
3519:
3518:
3046:Danzaburou-danuki
1551:Tsuru no Ongaeshi
1515:Shita-kiri Suzume
1371:Awa Tanuki Gassen
1353:Japanese folklore
1299:978-4-620-31428-0
1260:978-4-09-526106-5
1211:978-4-7943-0170-3
1179:978-4-7753-0996-4
1157:978-4-04-031100-5
1114:978-4-88317-283-2
1076:978-4-12-201958-4
1049:978-4-7601-1725-3
1038:. Vol. 第5巻.
1014:. Vol. 第2巻.
871:978-4-12-204792-1
824:"王子狐の行列 公式ホームページ"
616:"石川県鳳至郡門前町 調査報告書"
430:978-4-620-31428-0
318:period essay the
118:Nagano Prefecture
94:Toyama Prefecture
44:Gazu Hyakki Yagyō
3549:
3476:
3467:
3458:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3359:
3350:
3341:
3332:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3287:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3195:
3186:
3177:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3123:
3114:
3105:
3096:
3087:
3076:
3067:
3064:Shibaemon-tanuki
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2051:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1590:
1581:
1578:Yamata no Orochi
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1506:Saru Kani Gassen
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1434:Kachi-kachi Yama
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1303:
1277:
1264:
1236:
1215:
1196:
1183:
1161:
1135:
1118:
1095:
1080:
1053:
1023:
994:
993:, pp. 23–25
988:
977:
976:, pp. 15–17
971:
960:
954:
945:
939:
933:
927:
918:
912:
906:
900:
891:
885:
876:
875:
845:
839:
838:
836:
835:
820:
814:
813:
811:
810:
795:
786:
780:
774:
768:
757:
756:, pp. 31–32
751:
742:
741:
717:
711:
710:
686:
680:
679:, pp. 28–29
674:
663:
662:
638:
632:
631:
612:
606:
605:
585:
579:
573:
562:
561:
537:
531:
525:
516:
510:
495:
494:
492:
491:
482:. Archived from
472:
463:
462:, pp. 38–39
457:
448:
442:
433:
422:
406:Will-o'-the-wisp
259:Akita Prefecture
102:Fugeshi District
3557:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3479:
3473:Zashiki-warashi
2987:
2731:Rashōmon no oni
2077:Hitotsume-nyūdō
2045:
1903:
1638:
1631:
1593:
1461:Kobutori Jiisan
1407:Hanasaka Jiisan
1380:Bunbuku Chagama
1355:
1350:
1300:
1261:
1212:
1180:
1158:
1115:
1077:
1050:
1003:
998:
997:
989:
980:
972:
963:
955:
948:
940:
936:
928:
921:
913:
909:
901:
894:
886:
879:
872:
864:. p. 256.
860:. Vol. 下.
846:
842:
833:
831:
822:
821:
817:
808:
806:
797:
796:
789:
781:
777:
769:
760:
752:
745:
718:
714:
687:
683:
675:
666:
639:
635:
614:
613:
609:
586:
582:
574:
565:
552:(3号): 144–145.
538:
534:
526:
519:
511:
498:
489:
487:
474:
473:
466:
458:
451:
443:
436:
423:
419:
414:
387:
358:Kunmō Tenchiben
320:Shokoku Rijidan
307:Kunmō Tenchiben
299:
247:
168:
163:
161:Legends by area
71:
49:Toriyama Sekien
17:
12:
11:
5:
3555:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3506:Shigeru Mizuki
3503:
3501:Lafcadio Hearn
3498:
3493:
3491:Kunio Yanagita
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3468:
3459:
3455:Yume no seirei
3450:
3441:
3432:
3423:
3414:
3405:
3396:
3387:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3275:Tsurube-otoshi
3270:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3228:Koto-furunushi
3223:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3050:
3041:
3037:Tanuki-bayashi
3023:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2387:Kuchisake-onna
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2068:Hitotsume-kozō
2063:
2054:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1962:Futakuchi-onna
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1811:Ashinagatenaga
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:Yotsuya Kaidan
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1488:Nezumi no Sumō
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1278:
1268:宮尾しげを (1963).
1265:
1259:
1237:
1216:
1210:
1197:
1184:
1178:
1162:
1156:
1136:
1119:
1113:
1096:
1081:
1075:
1057:神田左京 (1992) .
1054:
1048:
1024:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
978:
961:
946:
944:, p. 183.
934:
919:
917:, p. 219.
907:
892:
877:
870:
840:
815:
787:
775:
758:
743:
712:
681:
664:
633:
607:
580:
563:
532:
517:
496:
464:
449:
434:
416:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
403:
398:
393:
386:
383:
379:ball lightning
349:Honchō Shokkan
341:Honchō Shokkan
332:Honchō Shokkan
298:
295:
246:
243:
167:
164:
162:
159:
122:Izumo Province
70:
67:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3554:
3543:
3542:Kitsune (fox)
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:Chōchin'obake
3197:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:Biwa-bokuboku
3179:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:Inugami Gyōbu
3051:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:Mikoshi-nyūdō
2455:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:Daidarabotchi
1879:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:Amazake-babaa
1744:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:Abura-sumashi
1654:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:Urashima Tarō
1556:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:Tamamo-no-Mae
1529:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1316:
1315:デアゴスティーニ・ジャパン
1312:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1200:角田義治 (1982).
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:角田義治 (1979).
1185:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
992:
987:
985:
983:
975:
970:
968:
966:
959:, p. 474
958:
953:
951:
943:
938:
931:
926:
924:
916:
911:
905:, p. 929
904:
899:
897:
890:, p. 160
889:
884:
882:
873:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:動物妖怪譚|和書
851:
844:
830:on 2013-03-25
829:
825:
819:
805:on 2009-05-25
804:
800:
794:
792:
784:
779:
772:
767:
765:
763:
755:
750:
748:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
685:
678:
673:
671:
669:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
637:
629:
625:
621:
617:
611:
603:
599:
596:(通巻49号): 22.
595:
591:
590:"伯耆大山を眺めつつ歩く"
584:
577:
572:
570:
568:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
536:
530:, p. 102
529:
524:
522:
515:, p. 597
514:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
486:on 2009-08-04
485:
481:
477:
471:
469:
461:
456:
454:
446:
441:
439:
431:
427:
421:
417:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
382:
380:
374:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
344:
342:
338:
334:
333:
327:
325:
321:
317:
308:
303:
297:True identity
294:
292:
288:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
251:Dewa Province
242:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
194:
186:
179:
178:
172:
158:
156:
151:
149:
145:
144:Masaoka Shiki
140:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
86:
84:
79:
75:
66:
64:
60:
56:
50:
46:
45:
39:
32:
28:
27:
21:
3257:Tsurara-onna
2760:Onihitokuchi
2713:Kijo/Onibaba
2704:Ibaraki-dōji
2396:Kuda-gitsune
2323:
2059:Hito-gitsune
1416:Hyakki Yagyō
1309:
1285:
1269:
1245:
1224:
1221:"礪波地方怪怪譚（一）"
1201:
1188:
1169:
1144:日本俗信辞典 動・植物編
1143:
1123:
1100:
1099:草野巧 (1997).
1086:
1058:
1035:
1011:
937:
910:
853:
843:
832:. Retrieved
828:the original
818:
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
778:
773:, p. 93
729:
725:
715:
698:
694:
691:"飯田の伝説 飯田の烏"
684:
650:
646:
636:
619:
610:
593:
583:
549:
545:
535:
488:. Retrieved
484:the original
480:Yahoo! JAPAN
420:
375:
365:
361:
357:
347:
346:Also in the
345:
340:
330:
328:
319:
312:
306:
290:
287:Meiji period
282:Oku District
277:
263:
248:
245:Other places
239:Meiji period
228:
217:
199:
175:
166:In Ōji Inari
152:
141:
134:
87:
80:
76:
72:
54:
53:
42:
24:
3511:Inoue Enryō
3484:Folklorists
3210:Ittan-momen
3192:Boroboroton
3165:Abumi-guchi
3156:Tsukumogami
2988: [
2805:Osakabehime
2740:Shuten-dōji
2650:Oboroguruma
2497:Mokumokuren
2468:Miage-nyūdō
2351:Konaki-jiji
2131:Ishinagenjo
2046: [
1980:Gashadokuro
1904: [
1838:Bake-kujira
1757:Amefurikozō
1649:Abura-akago
1616:Otogi-zōshi
1542:Tawara Tōda
1425:Issun-bōshi
1389:Hachikazuki
1310:週刊 歴史のミステリー
1284:編著 (2000).
732:(12号): 19.
447:, p. 5
213:Inari Ōkami
57:(狐火) is an
3526:Categories
3496:Keigo Seki
3219:Kasa-obake
3147:Tsuchinoko
3138:Tsuchigumo
3010:Sunekosuri
2985:Shussebora
2904:Shidaidaka
2895:Shachihoko
2850:Rokurokubi
2796:Ootakemaru
2632:Nyūdō-bōzu
2605:Nurarihyon
2578:Noppera-bō
2450:Mikaribaba
2369:Koromodako
2241:Kasa-obake
2214:Kamaitachi
2034:Hiderigami
1998:Hanako-san
1874:Chimimōryō
1802:Aosaginohi
1569:Uriko-hime
1233:BA82642659
1202:怪し火・ばかされ探訪
1132:AN00153428
1036:井上円了 妖怪学全集
1001:References
852:校訂 (ed.).
834:2013-03-20
809:2011-08-26
738:AN00018761
707:AN00015559
659:AN00015559
628:AN00116782
602:AN00406352
558:AN00236864
490:2013-03-20
476:"きつねび【狐火】"
272:, and the
31:Edo period
3446:Yuki-onna
3374:Yamajijii
3266:Tsurubebi
3129:Tōfu-kozō
2931:Shinigami
2913:Shikigami
2886:Sazae-oni
2614:Nure-onna
2360:Korpokkur
2324:Kitsunebi
2086:Hone-onna
2016:Hashihime
2007:Harionago
1935:Funayūrei
1865:Binbōgami
1829:Azukiarai
1739:Amanozako
1730:Amanojaku
1667:Aka Manto
1443:Kasa Jizō
1361:Folktales
1227:(通巻10号).
1170:幻想世界の住人たち
1168:(2012) .
1126:(通巻52号).
1059:不知火・人魂・狐火
231:Hiroshige
201:Ōji Inari
146:composed
130:ikiaigami
55:Kitsunebi
3437:Yosuzume
3392:Yamawaro
3383:Yama-uba
3365:Yamabiko
3320:Ushi-oni
3311:Umi zatō
3246:Ungaikyō
3237:Menreiki
3174:Bakezōri
3019:Takaonna
2940:Shiranui
2859:Samebito
2823:Otoroshi
2722:Kidōmaru
2623:Nurikabe
2596:Nuppeppō
2569:Noderabō
2542:Namahage
2515:Mononoke
2423:Kuzunoha
2378:Kotobuki
2313:Hakuzōsu
2277:Kijimuna
2268:Keukegen
2223:Kamikiri
2203:Nekomata
2194:Bakeneko
2167:Jorōgumo
2158:Jinmenju
2149:Janjanbi
2043:Hinezumi
1944:Furaribi
1901:Dorotabō
1892:Dodomeki
1820:Ayakashi
1685:Akashita
1497:Oto-hime
1479:Momotarō
1470:Kurozuka
1398:Hakuzōsu
1142:(1982).
1012:綜合日本民俗語彙
903:大藤他 1955
799:"装束稲荷神社"
677:清原編 2009
643:"火の玉と狐火"
401:Shiranui
385:See also
233:'s work
142:Just as
69:Overview
3347:Wanyūdō
3302:Umibōzu
3284:Ubagabi
2976:Shōkera
2949:Shirime
2922:Shikome
2769:Onikuma
2686:Ōmukade
2488:Mizuchi
2342:Komainu
2304:Kitsune
2259:Kawauso
2176:Jubokko
2140:Isonade
2122:Inugami
2095:Hyōsube
2025:Hibagon
1793:Aonyōbō
1775:Amikiri
1766:Ameonna
1721:Aoandon
1694:Akateko
1676:Akaname
1452:Kintarō
1246:日本大百科全書
1204:. 創樹社.
991:神田 1931
974:神田 1931
957:菊岡 1800
942:角田 1979
930:鈴木 1982
915:村上 2000
888:井上 1916
783:角田 1979
771:宮尾 1963
754:角田 1982
576:多田 1990
528:草野 1997
513:根本 1985
460:鈴木 2002
356:period
324:Genroku
257:and in
249:In the
224:Ōmisoka
3410:Yobuko
3401:Yanari
3111:Tenome
3102:Tennin
3028:Tanuki
3001:Sōjōbō
2958:Shiryō
2877:Satori
2868:Sankai
2787:Ōnyūdō
2560:Ningyo
2551:Namazu
2533:Mujina
2506:Momiji
2479:Misaki
2441:Mazoku
2414:Kumiho
2333:Kodama
2286:Kinoko
2185:Kaibyō
2113:Ikuchi
2104:Ikiryō
1971:Gagoze
1926:Enenra
1917:Dragon
1784:Aobōzu
1712:Amabie
1296:
1270:東京 昔と今
1257:
1231:
1208:
1176:
1154:
1130:
1124:伝承文学研究
1111:
1101:幻想動物事典
1087:日本随筆大成
1073:
1067:中央公論新社
1046:
868:
862:中央公論新社
736:
705:
657:
626:
600:
556:
542:"爐辺見聞"
445:林 1977
428:
137:Nagano
110:Wajima
98:Monzen
90:Tonami
3464:Yūrei
3428:Yōsei
3419:Yōkai
3338:Waira
3293:Ubume
3120:Tesso
3093:Tengu
2992:]
2967:Shōjō
2841:Raijū
2814:Osaki
2778:Onryō
2751:Onibi
2677:Okubi
2668:Okiku
2641:Obake
2524:Mōryō
2432:Kyubi
2405:Kudan
2295:Kirin
2250:Kasha
2232:Kappa
2050:]
1989:Goryō
1908:]
1856:Basan
1703:Akuma
1598:Texts
1290:毎日新聞社
1225:とやま民俗
1189:現代怪火考
1092:吉川弘文館
412:Notes
354:Meiwa
337:hypha
316:Kanpō
278:chūko
266:Bizen
220:enoki
155:onibi
148:haiku
124:(now
108:(now
3356:Yako
3329:Uwan
2832:Ouni
2659:Oiwa
1953:Fūri
1847:Baku
1294:ISBN
1286:妖怪事典
1282:村上健司
1255:ISBN
1241:根本順吉
1229:NCID
1206:ISBN
1193:大陸書房
1174:ISBN
1166:多田克己
1152:ISBN
1148:角川書店
1140:鈴木棠三
1128:NCID
1109:ISBN
1105:新紀元社
1071:ISBN
1063:中公文庫
1044:ISBN
1032:東洋大学
1028:井上円了
1018:監修.
1016:柳田國男
1008:大藤時彦
866:ISBN
858:中公文庫
850:村上健司
734:NCID
726:日本民俗
722:"狐火"
703:NCID
655:NCID
624:NCID
598:NCID
594:あしなか
554:NCID
426:ISBN
209:Kita
114:Iida
23:The
3084:Ten
2695:Oni
2587:Nue
1274:保育社
1251:小学館
1040:柏書房
1020:平凡社
699:32巻
651:51巻
264:In
253:in
205:Ōji
203:of
47:by
3528::
2990:ja
2048:ja
1906:ja
1292:.
1288:.
1253:.
1223:.
1191:.
1150:.
1146:.
1107:.
1103:.
1069:.
1065:.
1061:.
1042:.
981:^
964:^
949:^
922:^
895:^
880:^
856:.
790:^
761:^
746:^
730:2巻
728:.
724:.
697:.
695:伊那
693:.
667:^
649:.
647:伊那
645:.
620:常民
618:.
592:.
566:^
550:4巻
548:.
546:民族
544:.
520:^
499:^
478:.
467:^
452:^
437:^
291:中狐
268:,
207:,
116:,
104:,
100:,
92:,
83:ri
1345:e
1338:t
1331:v
1302:.
1263:.
1235:.
1214:.
1182:.
1160:.
1134:.
1117:.
1079:.
1052:.
874:.
837:.
812:.
740:.
709:.
661:.
630:.
604:.
560:.
493:.
432:。
33:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
