210:
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583:, which is a recreational area in Ancona. It is one of the biggest Jewish cemeteries in Europe. The first documentation concerning it dates from 1428. The cemetery was enlarged in 1462 and in 1711. Some 1058 stones exist in the cemetery; about 700 of them are still in their original location. Around 300 of them have been cataloged. The oldest stone dates to 1552 and belongs to a Jew named Ishai Pinto.
400:
28:
However, Pope Martin V was forced to embrace the Jewish community in his pursuit to build up Ancona as a center of commerce, due to religious prohibitions on
Christians charging interest that did not apply to Jews. This created a period of relative acceptance for Anconian Jews that lasted for about
390:
port, a thing that was of the Pesaro leader interest - and after he accepted some of the Ancona Jewish fugitives in order to develop the town port and economics. The boycott divided the Jewish communities to those who supported the boycott – led by the Pesaro Jews and those who objected it, led by
144:
and restrict them into one street, though opinions are not unanimous regarding this unsuccessful attempt, claiming Jews were forced to carry a Jewish badge and live in restricted areas. In 1520, the Jews of Ancona were forced once again to wear the Jewish badge, though this rule had been cancelled
24:
Italy, dates back to the 10th century, when records show the first instance of land rented to a Jew. At some point, a synagogue was built, which was destroyed by an earthquake in 1279. By the 1300s, the Jewish community was more established, and there was an influx of immigrants from
Germany. Jews
253:
was especially strong. Cesare
Galuaba, a papal commissioner, was sent to Ancona in order to incarcerate all Jews who were not willing to be baptized. By that, around 60 Jews renounced their faith; 24 Jews refused to do so and were hanged and then burned, as described in local documents and in
477:. In 1843, an old decree was revived by Fra Vincenzo Soliva, Inquisitor of Ancona, forbidding Jews to reside or own a business outside the ghetto and imposing other restrictions, but public opinion had already turned in Europe by then and the edict was cancelled shortly after until the
796:
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arrived in Ancona and helped in the recovery of the Jewish community, which consisted of about 400 by 1967 and 200 in 2004. The future of the Jewish community is unclear, as it declines with time. The community obtained two
Synagogues on Via Astagno.
391:
the Ancona Jewish community, driven by the fear of the enraging the Pope. Most historians believe the boycott had an effect on the Ancona trade of a short while, shutting down the port, though only for a short time.
32:
The Jewish community of Ancona is one of the oldest and most significant Jewish communities in Italy. In the following centuries the community grew because of the importance of the port and commercial links with the
198:. In 1550, the Jewish population of Ancona numbered about 2700 individuals. The pro-Jewish attitude of the Roman Popes protected and stimulated the growth of the Ancona Jewish population, until 1555 when the
726:
Leoni, Aron di Leone. 2011. La nazione ebraica spagnola e portoghese di
Ferrara (1492-1559), pp. 493-494; also Kaufmann, David. 1885. Les martyrs d’Ancône. Revue des études juives, vol. 11, pp. 149-156.
501:, persecutions were more individual than collective. The Germans, and later on the Italian fascists, demanded tributes to allow the Jews to live. Eventually, 53 Jews from the town of Ancona were sent to
889:
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family became members of the city council. In 1814, after
Napoleon's defeat and the return of the city to papal dominion, some restrictions were put once again upon the Jewish community by
113:
on behalf of the Jewish community in Ancona, asking authorities to lighten taxation due to financial hardships and persecutions of the Jewish community. It seems that Jews mainly worked in
884:
750:
163:(started in 1492) began to settle in Ancona and changed the demographics and the ratios between the sub-groups of the town Jewish community. Most of these fugitives came from
407:(marriage contract) from Ancona, December 25, 1816. The groom was Moses Hayyim Zemah son of Raphael Samson Marpurgo and the bride Rachel daughter of Solomon Moses Sonino
137:
580:
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four years later. In around 1450, the Jewish population of Ancona numbered an estimated 500 persons, consisting of 5% of the town's total population.
861:
775:
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visited Ancona and provoked and stimulated a messianic enthusiasm among the town Jews. As Ancona was declared a free port in around 1532 by
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Jewish merchants and their cross-cultural networks in the
Eighteenth-century Italian ghettos - description of Ancona Jewish community.
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cemeteries: Monte-Cardeto, the old one and
Tavernelle, the new cemetery. The Monte-Cardeto cemetery is 15000 m and located in
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tried to develop Ancona as an
Italian center of commerce. In order to achieve that goal, the town Jews got permission to open
914:
894:
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were deprived of valuable franchises, enclosed within a ghetto, limited in their commerce and heavily taxed, as ordered in
776:"Once-thriving Jewish population keeps weak hold on Italian port | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California"
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839:"Ancona Jewish Genealogy: census of 18th and 19th centuries - Births, Matrimonies, Deaths of the Jews in Ancona"
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100 years, before Pope Paul IV began to require Jews to convert to
Christianity under penalty of death.
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These are the names of the martyrs who died due to their refusal to convert to Christianity upon Pope
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Edict of the Inquisition against the Jews of Ancona by Fra Vicenzo Salina from 1843.
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The Jewish Community of Ancona - The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
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431:) were able to stay in the city, due to their importance to the trade with the
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approach towards the Ancona Jews had changed due to the persecutions of Pope
183:
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port. Jewish Merchants were ordered to send their merchandise to the nearby
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between 1797 and 1799, the Jews were fully emancipated. The gates of the
133:
382:, and decided to boycott any merchant that sent his merchandise to the
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623:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from
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37:. It continues to exist today, though its population is dwindling.
502:
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505:, 15 of whom survived and came back. In 1944, soldiers from the
751:"Edict of the Inquisition of Ancona Against the Jews - J-Italy"
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461:. In 1763, some 1290 Jews lived in Ancona. During the reign of
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faced special taxes and restrictions on where they could live.
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91:, and reported about it in a book he supposedly wrote, called
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234:. During his rule, between the years 1555 and 1559, the town
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After the city had fallen into the Papal state in 1429, Pope
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72:, referring the 1279 destruction of the town synagogue by an
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Jews who found it to be an ideal base for commerce with the
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Due to this pro-Jewish approach, Jewish fugitives from the
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566:(1681-1740), 18th century rabbi, physician and liturgist
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initiated a meeting of some Jewish religious leaders in
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and inspired elegies which are still recited locally on
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community apparently existed in Ancona. In 1300, Jewish
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222:In objection to the popes which preceded him, Pope
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140:unsuccessfully tried to force town Jews to wear a
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811:"Panoramio - Photo of Campo degli Ebrei - Ancona"
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890:description of the Jewish Ghetto area in Ancona.
128:While the majority of Ancona Jews came from the
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61:existed already in the 12th century, due to a
862:1997 report of the Jewish community in Ancona
545:, 15th century rabbi, doctor and philosopher
362:that refused to convert in 1555 shocked the
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136:in 1348. In 1427, a religious cleric named
40:
551:, 20th century mathematician and physicist
213:Tombstones in the old Jewish cemetery (32)
49:, Italy around 967 A.C. In that year, the
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79:One famous Jewish resident of Ancona was
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435:. Nevertheless, many decided to leave.
282:Yoseph Oeff (Guascon in another source)
907:
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132:east, later they were joined by some
57:named Eliyahu. It is possible that a
469:were removed and the members of the
186:, the city was joined by even more
13:
374:. As a result of the persecution,
279:Simeon Ben Menachem (Abenmenachem)
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14:
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481:emancipated the Jews once again.
423:Jews, (together with the Jews of
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621:"The Jewish Community of Ancona"
445:community began to emerge. The
920:Jewish Italian history by city
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449:family, which originated from
419:from the Papal dominions, the
218:Persecution under Pope Paul IV
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868:Ancona in Jewish Encyclopedia
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156:and loan money by interest.
841:. Italian-family-history.com
557:, 13th century traveller to
438:During the 18th century, an
336:Yacob Montalban (Montalvano)
53:rented a piece of land to a
7:
915:Jewish communities in Italy
737:"Morpurgo Family Genealogy"
124:The Ark of the synagogue 12
87:in 1270, four years before
10:
941:
677:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org
530:Moses ben Mordecai Bassola
522:, 16th century Portuguese
778:. Jweekly.com. 1997-08-15
709:. JewishEncyclopedia.com
514:Notable Jewish residents
245:The papal opposition to
83:, a traveler who got to
41:First settlement of Jews
376:Dona Gracia Mendes Nasi
45:Jews started living in
485:20th century and later
459:well known descendants
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358:The hanging of the 23
240:The Papal Bull of 1555
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175:. In 1529, the Jewish
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98:By 1300, an organized
415:ordered to expel all
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303:Yoseph Molco (Molcho)
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51:Archbishop of Ravenna
318:David Reuben (Ruben)
297:Moses Paggi (de Paz)
138:James of the marcher
411:On 1569, when Pope
395:1569 – 20th century
366:communities around
256:shalshelet HaKabala
226:turned against the
161:Spanish Inquisition
18:history of Jews in
878:2018-06-12 at the
479:revolution of 1848
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107:Immanuel the Roman
93:the city of lights
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581:Parco del Cardeto
543:Judah Messer Leon
312:Abraham di Spagna
294:Salomon Alguadish
109:sent a letter to
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843:. Retrieved
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755:the original
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625:the original
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536:and head of
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339:Abraham Lobo
330:Yoseph Pappo
291:Isac Nahmias
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333:Yacob Cohen
309:David Nahas
134:German Jews
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821:2017-11-02
782:2014-02-03
761:2014-01-31
713:2014-02-03
681:2014-02-03
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587:References
571:Cemeteries
403:A wedding
372:Tisha B'Av
192:Portuguese
89:Marco Polo
74:earthquake
497:. During
493:lived in
440:Ashkenazi
206:in 1555.
59:synagogue
876:Archived
707:"ANCONA"
675:"Ancona"
538:Yeshivah
471:Morpurgo
463:Napoleon
447:Morpurgo
380:Istanbul
251:Marranos
173:Portugal
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451:Maribor
429:Avignon
405:ketubah
268:Paul IV
224:Paul IV
204:Paul IV
200:Vatican
188:Spanish
577:Jewish
526:doctor
524:Jewish
495:Ancona
467:ghetto
443:Jewish
433:Levant
421:Ancona
413:Pius V
388:Pesaro
384:Ancona
368:Europe
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232:Ancona
228:Jewish
196:Levant
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165:Sicily
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67:Jewish
63:Slicha
47:Ancona
35:Levant
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559:China
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154:banks
85:China
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427:and
425:Rome
417:Jews
360:Jews
249:and
236:Jews
190:and
171:and
111:Rome
104:poet
16:The
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