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with the proportion of the parts of the body and the sex) with instruments like brushes or small twigs, with very fine points of bamboo." "The body was pricked and marked with them until blood was drawn. Upon that a black powder or soot made from pitch, which never faded, was put on. The whole body was not tattooed at one time, but it was done gradually. In olden times no tattooing was begun until some brave deed had been performed; and after that, for each one of the parts of the body which was tattooed some new deed had to be performed. The men tattooed even their chins and about the eyes so that they appeared to be masked. Children were not tattooed, and the women only one hand and part of the other. The
Ilocanos in this island of Manila also tattooed themselves but not to the same extent as the Visayans."
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monster, for instance, an Eagle, a
Serpent, a Dragon, or any other figure which they prefer; and then, tracing over the fresh and bloody design some powdered charcoal, or other black coloring matter, which becomes mixed with the blood and penetrates within these perforations, they imprint indelibly upon the living skin the designed figures. And this in some nations is so common that in the one which we called the Tobacco, and in that which – on account of enjoying peace with the Hurons and with the Iroquois – was called Neutral, I know not whether a single individual was found, who was not painted in this manner, on some part of the body.
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2390:, in July 1769, that Cook first noted his observations about the indigenous body modification and is the first recorded use of the word tattoo to refer to the permanent marking of the skin. In the ship's log book recorded this entry: "Both sexes paint their Bodys, Tattow, as it is called in their Language. This is done by inlaying the Colour of Black under their skins, in such a manner as to be indelible." Cook went on to write, "This method of Tattowing I shall now describe...As this is a painful operation, especially the Tattowing of their Buttocks, it is performed but once in their Lifetimes."
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573:, where she interviews elders from different communities asking them to recall their own elders and the history of tattoos. The elders were able to recall the traditional practice of tattooing which often included using a needle and thread and sewing the tattoo into the skin by dipping the thread in soot or seal oil, or through skin poking using a sharp needle point and dipping it into soot or seal oil. Hovak Johnston has worked with the elders in her community to bring the tradition of kakiniit back by learning the traditional ways of tattooing and using her skills to tattoo others.
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1876:“Dark smudges on his arm, appearing as faint markings under natural light, had remained unexamined. Infrared photography recently revealed that these smudges were in fact tattoos of two slightly overlapping horned animals. The horned animals have been tentatively identified as a wild bull (long tail, elaborate horns) and a Barbary sheep (curving horns, humped shoulder). Both animals are well known in Predynastic Egyptian art. The designs are not superficial and have been applied to the dermis layer of the skin, the pigment was carbon-based, possibly some kind of soot.”
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6709:(London), 18 April 1889, p. 12: "A Japanese Professional Tattooer". Article describes the activities of an unnamed Japanese tattooist based in Hong Kong. He charged £4 for a dragon, which would take 5 hours to do. The article ends "The Hong-Kong operator tattooed the arm of an English Prince, and, in Kioto, was engaged for a whole month reproducing on the trunk and limbs of an English peer a series of scenes from Japanese history. For this he was paid about £100. He has also tattooed ladies.... His income from tattooing in Hong Kong is about £1,200 per annum."
478:, another Jesuit missionary, recorded how Indigenous people were applying tattoos to their skin and developed healing strategies in tattooing the jawline to treat toothaches. Indigenous people had determined that certain nerves that were along the jawline connected to certain teeth, thus by tattooing those nerves, it would stop them from firing signals that led to toothaches. Some of these early ethnographic accounts questioned the actual practice of tattooing and hypothesized that it could make people sick due to unsanitary approaches.
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804:(floating world) subculture. Generally firemen, manual workers and prostitutes wore tattoos to communicate their status. By the early 17th century, criminals were widely being tattooed as a visible mark of punishment. Criminals were marked with symbols typically including crosses, lines, double lines and circles on certain parts of the body, mostly the face and arms. These symbols sometimes designated the places where the crimes were committed. In one area, the character for "dog" was tattooed on the criminal's forehead.
811:, formed in 1868, banned the art of tattooing altogether, viewing it as barbaric and lacking respectability. This subsequently created a subculture of criminals and outcasts. These people had no place in "decent society" and were frowned upon. They could not simply integrate into mainstream society because of their obvious visible tattoos, forcing many of them into criminal activities which ultimately formed the roots for the modern Japanese mafia, the Yakuza, with which tattoos have become almost synonymous in Japan.
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this work), and symbolize personal milestones and community history and identification. The tattoos are often made by indentation and insertion of indigo dye on the face, ankles, wrists and other body parts. They are also considered to ward of the evil eye and forces, and protect the person, with some attributing healing and medical properties, similar to
Ancient Egypt. Designs may include stars, animals, or geometric designs. Tattooing has decreased in popularity since the 1950s.
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Mindanao, Dampier now claimed that he was only shipwrecked in
Mindanao with his mother and sister, whereupon he was captured and sold into slavery. Dampier also claimed that Jeoly's tattoos were created from an "herbal paint" that rendered him invulnerable to snake venom, and that the tattooing process was done naked in a room of venomous snakes. Dampier initially toured around with Jeoly, showing his tattoos to large crowds. Eventually, Dampier sold Jeoly to the Blue Boar Inn in
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the tattoo artists would forever celebrate their endurance and dedication to cultural traditions. The pain was extreme and the risk of death by infection was a concern; to back down from tattooing was to risk being labeled a "pala'ai" or coward. Those who could not endure the pain and abandoned their tattooing were left incomplete, would be forced to wear their mark of shame throughout their life. This would forever bring shame upon their family so it was avoided at all cost.
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thin lines. "Aumogo" small comb is used for making small marks. "Sausau" is the mallet used for striking the combs. It is almost two feet in length and made from the central rib of a coconut palm leaf. "Tuluma" is the pot used for holding the tattooing combs. Ipulama is the cup used for holding the dye. The dye is made from the soot collected from burnt lama nuts. "Tu'I" used to grind up the dye. These tools were primarily made out of animal bones to ensure sharpness.
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marked with tattoos, like when one completes basic training or returns home from service. Modern military tattoos in the United States became less about valor and honor, but about recognizing the experiences, losses, and struggles of servicemen. Tattoos can now be seen and perceived as ways to convey loss and grief, guilt and anger, as ways to highlight the transformational nature of war on individuals, and even convey a hope for a better nation and self.
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away into Serbia. Inmates who fled tried to conceal their scars with tattoos to keep their identity secret. However, this would not last long as the prisons started to use tattoos as a form of serial numbers identification for their inmates. This marking identity imposed on inmates by the prisons simultaneously created an anti-culture and a new gang culture. By the 1920s, as the Soviet union faced even more social class troubles, many of the
2856:, flowers, hearts). When women step outside of the "lightly tattooed" concept by choosing tattoos of a masculine design, and on parts of the body which are not easy to cover (forearms, legs), it is common to face certain types of discrimination from the public. Women who are heavily tattooed can report to being stared at in public, being denied certain employment opportunities, face judgement from members of family, and may even receive
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2417:'s voyages to the South Pacific in the 1770s, but since the 1950s a false belief has persisted that modern Western tattooing originated exclusively from these voyages. Tattooing has been consistently present in Western society from the modern period stretching back to Ancient Greece, though largely for different reasons. A long history of European tattoo predated these voyages, including among sailors and tradesmen, pilgrims visiting the
1313:), plants (like grass, ferns, or flowers), or humans; or star-like and sun-like patterns. Each motif had a name, and usually a story or significance behind it, though most of them have been lost to time. They were the same patterns and motifs used in other artforms and decorations of the particular ethnic groups they belong to. Tattoos were, in fact, regarded as a type of clothing in itself, and men would commonly wear only loincloths (
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well as any other specific identifying information. This also perhaps led to an increase and proliferation of tattoos among
American seamen who wanted to avoid impressment. During this period, tattoos were not popular with the rest of the country. "Frequently the "protection papers" made reference to tattoos, clear evidence that individual was a seafaring man; rarely did members of the general public adorn themselves with tattoos."
2895:, became the first history of women's tattoo art when it was released in 1997. In it, she documents women's involvement in tattooing coinciding to feminist successes, with surges in the 1880s, 1920s and the 1970s. Today, women sometimes use tattoos as forms of bodily reclamation after traumatic experiences like abuse or breast cancer. In 2012, tattooed women outnumbered men for the first time in American history – according to a
2731:, has been called a seminal moment in the popular acceptance of tattoos as art. Formal interest in the art of the tattoo became prominent in the 1970s through the beginning of the 21st century. For many young Americans, the tattoo has taken on a decidedly different meaning than for previous generations. The tattoo has "undergone dramatic redefinition" and has shifted from a form of deviance to an acceptable form of expression.
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1450:. The artists also commonly traced an outline of the designs on the skin with the ink, using pieces of string or blades of grass, prior to tattooing. In some cases, the ink was applied before the tattoo points are driven into the skin. Most tattoo practitioners were men, though female practitioners also existed. They were either residents to a single village or traveling artists who visited different villages.
6614:(London), 3 April 1879, p. 9: "Crime has a ragged regiment in its pay so far as the outward ... qualities are concerned ... they tattoo themselves indelibly ... asserting the man's identity with the aid of needles and gunpowder. This may be the explanation of the Mermaids, the Cupid's arrows, the name of MARY, the tragic inscription to the memory of parents, the unintended pathos of the appeal to liberty."
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cycle of life, recognizing the importance of women giving life through childbirth and men removing life through warfare. Osage men were often tattooed after accomplishing major feats in battle, as a visual and physical reminder of their elevated status in their community. Some Osage women were tattooed in public as a form of a prayer, demonstrating strength and dedication to their nation.
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travels. However, prior
European texts show that a variety of metaphorical terms were used for the practice, including "pricked," "marked", "engraved," "decorated," "punctured," "stained," and "embroidered." Friedman also points out that the growing print culture at the time of Cook's voyages may have increased the visibility of tattooing despite its prior existence in the West.
2405:, whom he presented to King George and the English Court. Many of Cook's men, ordinary seamen and sailors, came back with tattoos, a tradition that would soon become associated with men of the sea in the public's mind and the press of the day. In the process, sailors and seamen re-introduced the practice of tattooing in Europe, and it spread rapidly to seaports around the globe.
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247:. For the most part Austronesians used characteristic perpendicularly hafted tattooing points that were tapped on the handle with a length of wood (called the "mallet") to drive the tattooing points into the skin. The handle and mallet were generally made of wood while the points, either single, grouped or arranged to form a comb were made of
405:, Alaska who had tattoos on her skin. Through radiocarbon dating of the tissue, scientists estimated that the female came from the 16th century. Until recently, archeologists have not prioritized the classification of tattoo implements when excavating known historic sites. Recent review of materials found from the
219:. The distinctive Austronesian tattooing tools involving the perpendicular hafting of points and the use of a mallet (commonly known as hand-tapping) were already in use by Pre-Austronesians in Taiwan and coastal South China prior to at least 1500 BCE, before the Austronesian expansion into the islands of the
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policy has changes over the years. Tattoos should not be visible over the collarbone or when wearing a V-neck shirt. Tattoos or military brands on the arms should not surpass the wrist. But only one hand tattoos of a form of ring are permitted when not exceeding 0.25 in (6.4 mm) width. Face
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The legal status of tattoos is still developing. In recent years, various lawsuits have arisen in the United States regarding the status of tattoos as a copyrightable art form. However, these cases have either been settled out of court or are currently being disputed, and therefore no legal precedent
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Author and sociology professor
Beverly Yuen Thompson wrote "Covered In Ink: Tattoos, Women, and the Politics of the Body" (published in 2015, research conducted between 2007 and 2010) on the history of tattooing, and how it has been normalized for specific gender roles in the USA. She also released a
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Within the schools, the authorities physically labeled the students: “a personal identification number was written in purple ink on their wrists and on the small cupboard in which their few belongings were stored.” Oftentimes the students had a tendency to tattoo their initials on this very spot; the
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cultures of the world, tattoos, along with piercings, are often associated with forms of art, identification, and allegiance to brotherhood. The gang culture in Russia offers an interesting example of the desire to connect through tattoos. Beginning in the latter days of
Imperial Russia, the common
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Facial tattoos are popular among the
Kurdish people in Iraq, Turkey, Syria and Iran, mostly in the form of dotted tattoos on the chin. They are most common among women aged 60 and above. Younger women often have more minimalist tattoos, such as a dot on the cheek or chin. These tattoos are often done
1700:
In Samoa, the tradition of applying tattoo, or tatau, by hand has been unbroken for over two thousand years. Tools and techniques have changed little. The skill is often passed from father to son, each tattoo artist, or tufuga, learning the craft over many years of serving as his father's apprentice.
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were first seen by
Europeans in 1722 three Dutch ships commanded by Jacob Roggeveen visited the eastern island known as Manua. A crew member of one of the ships described the natives in these words, "They are friendly in their speech and courteous in their behavior, with no apparent trace of wildness
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hafted tattooing technique. This involves using a small hammer to tap the tattooing needle (either a single needle or a brush-like bundle of needles) set perpendicular to a wooden handle in an L-shape (hence "hafted"). This handle makes the needle more stable and easier to position. The tapping moves
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peoples, all with strong tattoo traditions. This along with the striking correlation between Austronesian languages and the use of the so-called hand-tapping method suggests that Austronesian peoples inherited their tattooing traditions from their ancestors established in Taiwan or along the southern
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Starting in the early 2000s, tattoos and the military began to reconnect, as tattoos became a symbolic and popular way to show social and political views. Tattoos were being used by soldiers to show belonging, affiliation, and to mark down their war experiences. Rites of passage in the military were
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created a bond among both men and women within society. Corporal punishments often left flogging marks and other scars that marred inmates' bodies. With these mutilations, people became easily identifiable as Russian/Soviet criminals. These identifiable markers became a problem when some inmates ran
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however rose to object that they had been tattooed as youngsters, with no ill effects. Since the 1970s, tattoos have become more socially acceptable and fashionable among celebrities. Tattoos are less prominent on figures of authority, and the practice of tattooing by the elderly is still considered
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Tattoo historian Anna Felicity Friedman suggests a couple reasons for the "Cook Myth". First, modern European words for the practice (e.g., "tattoo", "tatuaje", "tatouage", "Tätowierung", and "tatuagem") derive from the Tahitian word "tatau", which was introduced to European languages through Cook's
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Samoan society has long been defined by rank and title, with chiefs (ali'i) and their assistants, known as talking chiefs (tulafale). The tattooing ceremonies for young chiefs, typically conducted at the time of puberty, were part of their ascendance to a leadership role. The permanent marks left by
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period and was widespread during various periods for both the Yamato and native Jomon groups. Chinese texts from before 300 AD described social differences among Japanese people as being indicated through tattooing and other bodily markings. Chinese texts from the time also described Japanese men of
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used tattooing for a variety of different reasons. The tattoo designs were based on the belief that people were part of the larger cycle of life and integrated elements of the land, sky, water, and the space in between to symbolize these beliefs. In addition, the Osage People believed in the smaller
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Scholars explain that the study of Indigenous tattooing is relatively new as it was initially perceived as behaviour for societies outside of the norm. The process of colonization introduced new views of what acceptable behaviour included, leading to the near erasure of the tattoo tradition for many
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The Indian Army tattoo policy has been in place since 11 May 2015. The government declared all tribal communities who enlist and have tattoos are allowed to have them all over the body only if they belong to a tribal community. Indians who are not part of a tribal community are only allowed to have
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regulates tattoos under AR 670–1, last updated in 2022. Soldiers are permitted to have tattoos as long as they are not on the neck, hands, or face, with exceptions existing for of one ring tattoo on each hand, a tattoo on each hand, not exceeding one inch diameter, one tattoo behind the ear, not to
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said "Funny Thing about War, fighting men just want to be marked in some way or another" as a way of reasoning for its resurgence in popularity. The hype was short lived, as the craft of tattooing received a major backlash at the end of the second world war, as stories from survivors abroad made it
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styles which are put in place for tattooed men and women. These "norms" written in the social rules of tattooing imply what is considered the correct way for a gender to be tattooed. Men of tattoo communities are expected to be "heavily tattooed", meaning there are many tattoos which cover multiple
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Tattoos have experienced a resurgence in popularity in many parts of the world, particularly in Europe, Japan, and North and South America. The growth in tattoo culture has seen an influx of new artists into the industry, many of whom have technical and fine arts training. Coupled with advancements
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Due to the forced assimilation practices of the Western boarding schools, many indigenous cultural practices were on a severe decline, tattooing being one of them. As a way to retain their cultural heritage some students practiced this ritual and tattooed themselves with found materials like sewing
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wanted to connect with the ideals and laws associated with past criminals. This created a boom of tattoos among prisoners, that by the late 1920s “about 60-70%” of all inmates had some type of Tattoo. This new wave of tattoo among the Russian prisons were seen as a right of passage. Soviet tattoos
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on the acceptability of the practice has been a popular media theme in Britain, as successive generations of journalists described the practice as newly fashionable and no longer for a marginalised class. Examples of this cliché can be found in every decade since the 1870s. Despite this evidence, a
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He was painted all down the Breast, between his Shoulders behind; on his Thighs (mostly) before; and the Form of several broad Rings, or Bracelets around his Arms and Legs. I cannot liken the Drawings to any Figure of Animals, or the like; but they were very curious, full of great variety of Lines,
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communities in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia practice tattooing on the arms, hands, face, neck, and collarbones. It is thought the tradition in these communities goes back several thousand years. Tattoos serve multiple purposes, including decoration, tribal affiliation, symbols of life transitions,
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Christian missionaries from the west attempted to purge tattooing among the Samoans, thinking it barbaric and inhumane. Many young Samoans resisted mission schools since they forbade them to wear tattoos. But over time attitudes relaxed toward this cultural tradition and tattooing began to reemerge
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found, however, some slaves who were branded in a painful fashion. The natives cut lines in the faces of the slaves, using a sharp point either of gold or of a thorn; they then fill the wounds with a kind of powder dampened with black or red juice, which forms an indelible dye and never disappears.
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Anne M. Velliquette, Jeff B. Murray, and Elizabeth H. Creyer (1998), "The Tattoo Renaissance: an Ethnographic Account of Symbolic Consumer Behavior", in NA – Advances in Consumer Research Volume 25, eds. Joseph W. Alba & J. Wesley Hutchinson, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research,
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In 1988, scholar Arnold Rubin created a collection of works regarding the history of tattoo cultures, publishing them as the "Marks of Civilization". In this, the term "Tattoo Renaissance" was coined, referring to a period marked by technological, artistic and social change. Wearers of tattoos, as
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One way of making them more specific and more effective was to describe a tattoo, which is highly personal as to subject and location, and thus use that description to precisely identify the seaman. As a result, many of the official certificates also carried information about tattoos and scars, as
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16th century Ottoman scholars described the tattoo as very common among the Arabs. Facial and hand tattoos among Bedouins have long been documented and continue until the present, especially among women. The tattoos are usually done at home by other women (Romani women were traditionally hired for
1720:
The Samoan tattooing process used a number of tools which remained almost unchanged since their first use. "Autapulu" is a wide tattooing comb used to fill in the large dark areas of the tattoo. "Ausogi'aso tele" is a comb used for making thick lines. "Ausogi'aso laititi" is a comb used for making
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pieces have been duplicated, then used to conduct tattoos on pig skin, then compared to the original artifacts. "They conducted these experiments to observe the wear, such as chipping and scratches, and residues on the stones caused by tattooing, and then compared that use-wear with 3,000 year old
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means face tattoo. Among the Inuit, some tattooed female faces and parts of the body symbolize a girl transitioning into a woman, coinciding with the start of her first menstrual cycle. A tattoo represented a woman's beauty, strength, and maturity. This was an important practice because some Inuit
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The United States Air Force regulates all kinds of body modification. Any tattoos which are deemed to be "prejudicial to good order and discipline", or "of a nature that may bring discredit upon the Air Force" are prohibited. Specifically, any tattoo which may be construed as "obscene or advocate
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ravaged the globe, it also ravaged the popularity of tattooing, pushing tattoos even farther under the umbrella of delinquency. What credence tattoos got as symbols of patriotism and war badges in the eyes of the public, was demolished as servicemen moved away from the proud flags motifs and into
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and medicinal and fertility purposes. The practice is mainly limited to women, although some men receive tattoos for healing or medicinal purposes; these tattoos tend to be smaller and more discreet. Traditionally, girls would receive their first facial tattoo at puberty. Symbols used include the
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practices in ancient Egypt in which he describes the tattoos on these three mummies and speculates that they may have served a medicinal or therapeutic purpose: "The examination of these scars, some white, others blue, leaves in no doubt that they are not, in essence, ornament, but an established
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for that reason. For it was custom among them, and was a mark of nobility and bravery, to tattoo the whole body from top to toe when they were of an age and strength sufficient to endure the tortures of the tattooing which was done (after being carefully designed by the artists, and in accordance
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began to display their body art as signs of resistance to the values of the white, heterosexual, middle-class. The clientele changed from sailors, bikers, and gang members to the middle and upper class. There was also a shift in iconography from the badge-like images based on repetitive pre-made
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Tattooing has steadily increased in popularity since the invention of the electric tattoo machine. Evidence indicates that electric tattoo machines were in use by the late 1880s, at least several years prior to the first tattoo machine patent obtained by Samuel F. O'Reilly on 8 December 1891. In
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Dampier brought Jeoly with him to London, intending to recoup the money he lost while at sea by displaying Jeoly to curious crowds. Dampier invented a fictional backstory for him, renaming him "Prince Giolo" and claiming that he was the son and heir of the "King of Gilolo." Instead of being from
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in the Alps and dates from the late 4th millennium BC. Studies have revealed that Ötzi had 61 carbon-ink tattoos consisting of 19 groups of parallel or intersecting lines on his lower spine, left wrist, behind his right knee and on his ankles. It has been argued that these tattoos may have had a
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before a tattooing, it was seen as a sign of disapproval by the spirits, and the session was called off or rescheduled. Artists were usually paid with livestock, heirloom beads, or precious metals. They were also housed and fed by the family of the recipient during the process. A celebration was
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Over the past three decades Western tattooing has become a practice that has crossed social boundaries from "low" to "high" class along with reshaping the power dynamics regarding gender. It has its roots in "exotic" tribal practices of the Native Americans and Japanese, which are still seen in
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debated a bill to ban the tattooing of minors, on grounds it had become "trendy" with the young in recent years but was associated with crime. It was noted that 40 per cent of young criminals had tattoos and that marking the skin in this way tended to encourage self-identification with criminal
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By the 19th century, tattooing had spread to British society but was still largely associated with sailors and the lower or even criminal class. Tattooing had however been practised in an amateur way by public schoolboys from at least the 1840s and by the 1870s had become fashionable among some
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abilities, and can also document personal or communal history. Their design and placement varied by ethnic group, affiliation, status, and gender. They ranged from almost completely covering the body, including tattoos on the face meant to evoke frightening masks among the elite warriors of the
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was. Scholars explain that this process of discovery likely included dreams and visions that would bring a specific manitou to the forefront for each young man to have. The manitou became an important element of protection during warfare and many boys tattooed their manitou onto their body to
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But those who paint themselves permanently do so with extreme pain, using, for this purpose, needles, sharp awls, or piercing thorns, with which they perforate, or have others perforate, the skin. Thus they form on the face, the neck, the breast, or some other part of the body, some animal or
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simply paid no attention to them. "In applying for a duplicate Seaman's Protection Certificate in 1817, James Francis stated that he 'had a protection granted him by the Collector of this Port on or about 12 March 1806 which was torn up and destroyed by a British Captain when at sea.'"
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The history of tattooing in the U.S. can be seen to have been influenced and affected by war and the military. Though its expression and reception by the public are constantly in flux, both practices are deeply connected and still effect one another today. Dyvik writes in her article,
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Sometimes, to protect themselves, the sailors requested not only that the tattoos be described, but that they would also be sketched out on the protection certificate as well. As one researched said, "Clerks writing the documents often sketched the tattoos as well as describing them."
2397:, returned to England with a tattoo. Banks was a highly regarded member of the English aristocracy and had acquired his position with Cook by putting up what was at the time the princely sum of some ten thousand pounds in the expedition. In turn, Cook brought back with him a tattooed
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However, from the late 20th century onward, there has been a resurgence of tā moko taking on European styles amongst Maori. Traditional tā moko was reserved for head area. There is also a related tattoo art, kirituhi, which has a similar aesthetic to tā moko but is worn by non-Maori.
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and Nora Hildebrandt told tales of captivity; they usually claimed to have been taken hostage by Native Americans that tattooed them as a form of torture. However, by the late 1920s the sideshow industry was slowing and by the late 1990s the last tattooed lady was out of business.
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advertisement, which strengthened the publics view that Tattoos were no longer for patriotic servicemen, but for criminals and degenerates. The public distaste was so strong by this point, that usual trend of seeing tattoo popularity spike during times of war, was not seen in the
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in different guilds and extortion groups would tattoo their group emblem. The emblems also proved useful to extortionist gangs, and "the local trendiness of bodily ornamentation is recognized by the observation that "presently, it (al-washm) is a must among all Janissaries."
2618:"In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, tattoos were as much about self-expression as they were about having a unique way to identify a sailor's body should he be lost at sea or impressed by the British navy. The best source for early American tattoos is the
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Tattooing spread among the upper classes all over Europe in the 19th century, but particularly in Britain where it was estimated in Harmsworth Magazine in 1898 that as many as one in five members of the gentry were tattooed. Taking their lead from the British Court, where
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or savagery. They do not paint themselves, as do the natives of some other islands, but on the lower part of the body they wear artfully woven silk tights or knee breeches. They are altogether the most charming and polite natives we have seen in all of the South Seas..."
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is the tattooing of which we have already spoken, with which a naked man appears to be dressed in a kind of handsome armor engraved with very fine work, a dress so esteemed by them they take it for their proudest attire, covering their bodies neither more nor less than a
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The policy unauthorized tattoos in different parts of the body such as the wrist, knee, elbow and above the collar bone. Wrist tattoos should be two inches above the wrist, elbow tattoos two inches above and one inch below, and the knee two inches above and two below.
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Traditional Samoan tattooing of the "pe'a", body tattoo, is an ordeal that is not lightly undergone. It takes many weeks to complete. The process is very painful and used to be a necessary prerequisite to receiving a matai title; this however is no longer the case.
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symbolize cultural significance of the manitou to their lives. As they showed success in warfare, male warriors had more tattoos, some even keeping score of all the kills they had made. Some warriors had tattoos on their faces that tallied how many people they had
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1485:. It survived until around the 19th to the mid-20th centuries in more remote areas of the Philippines, but also fell out of practice due to modernization and western influence. Today, it is a highly endangered tradition and only survives among some members of the
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sexual, racial, ethnic or religious discrimination" is disallowed. Tattoo removal may not be enough to qualify; resultant "excessive scarring" may be disqualifying. Further, Air Force members may not have tattoos on their neck, face, head, tongue, lips or scalp.
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Tattoos are valuable identification marks because they tend to be permanent. They can be removed, but they do not fade, The color may, however, change with exposure to the sun. They have recently been very useful in identifying people, such as in the case of a
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has changed its policies and become more lenient in its policies on tattoos, allowing neck tattoos as long as one inch. Sailors are also allowed to have as many tattoos of any size on the arms and legs, as long as they are not deemed to be offensive tattoos.
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tribes that were is southern China. Over time, this animistic practice of tattooing for luck and protection assimilated Hindu and Buddhist ideas. The Sak Yant traditional tattoo is practiced today by many and are usually given either by a Buddhist monk or a
2848:, or dragons. Women, on the other hand, are expected to be "lightly tattooed". This means the opposite, in which there are only a small number of tattoos which are placed in areas of the body that are easy to cover up. These images are expected to be more
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for examination, but he died shortly afterwards of smallpox at around thirty years of age in the summer of 1692. His tattooed skin was preserved and was displayed in the Anatomy School of Oxford for a time, although it was lost prior to the 20th century.
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burials in northern Luzon, with the oldest surviving examples of which going back to the 13th century. The tattoos on the mummies are often highly individualized, covering the arms of female adults and the whole body of adult males. A 700 to 900-year-old
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excavation site point towards elements of tattoo bundles that are from pre-colonization times. Scholars explain that the recognition of tattoo implements is significant because it highlights the cultural importance of tattooing for Indigenous People.
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describes what he witnesses among them, including their appearance. He notes that the Rus' were heavily tattooed: "From the tips of his toes to his neck, each man is tattooed in dark green with designs, and so forth." Raised in the aftermath of the
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The ships lay at anchor off the islands for several days, but the crews did not venture ashore and did not even get close enough to the natives to realize that they were not wearing silk leggings, but their legs were completely covered in tattoos.
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tattoos are also permitted as permanent eyeliners for females as long as they are appropriately worn and not brightly colored to fit uniform dressing code. Disrespectful derogatory tattoos and sexually explicit tattoos are prohibited on the body.
7114:, an international soccer star, caught tattoo ‘fever’ beginning with the birth of his first son back in 1999 when he had Malloy ink his son’s name, "Brooklyn", at the bottom of his back. Acord. (19 November 2006). "Who knew: Mommy has a tattoo".
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830:. These are connected with the Kamuy, gods of the ainu culture. Women receive tattoos around their mouths at an early age, the tattooing continues until they are married. Men may receive tattoos as well, most commonly on the shoulders or arms.
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have a long history of tattooing. Tattooing was not a simple marking on the skin: it was a process that highlighted cultural connections to Indigenous ways of knowing and viewing the world, as well as connections to family, society, and place.
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Tattooing in the federal Indian boarding school system was commonly practiced during the 1960s and 1970s. Such tattoos often took the form of small markings or initials and were often used as a form of resistance; a way to reclaim one's body.
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Flourishes, Chequered-Work, &c. keeping a very graceful Proportion, and appearing very artificial, even to Wonder, especially that upon and between his Shoulder-blades I understood that the Painting was done in the same manner, as the
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to establish their American citizenship. However, many of the descriptions of the individual described in the seamen's protection certificates were so general, and it was so easy to abuse the system, that many impressment officers of the
3015:, rounded up those deemed inferior, into concentration camps. Once there, if they were chosen to live, they were tattooed with numbers onto their arms. Tattoos and Nazism become intertwined, and the extreme distaste for Nazi Germany and
1298:) were optional, and no words that distinguished tattooed and non-tattooed individuals exist in their languages. Though when tattoos are present, they still have to follow various traditional rules when it comes to placement and design.
3002:, tattooing once again experienced a boom in popularity as now not only sailors in the Navy, but soldiers in the Army and fliers in the Air Force, were once again tattooing their national pride onto their bodies. Famous tattoo artist,
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reported that 75% of sailors in the U.S. Navy were tattooed. These findings led to one of the first U.S. military regulations on tattoos in 1909, which concerned the subject matter of the tattoos allowed to be pictured on servicemen.
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3465:
Robitaille, Benoît (2007). "A Preliminary Typology of Perpendicularly Hafted Bone Tipped Tattooing Instruments: Toward a Technological History of Oceanic Tattooing". In St Pierre, Christian Gates; Walker, Renee Beauchamp (eds.).
1080:"Besides the exterior clothing and dress, some of these nations wore another inside dress, which could not be removed after it was once put on. These are the tattoos of the body so greatly practiced among Visayans, whom we call
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Since the 1970s, tattoos have become a mainstream part of global and Western fashion, common among both sexes, to all economic classes, and to age groups from the later teen years to middle age. The decoration of blues singer
2756:, "the father of modern tribal tattooing", became very popular. Tattooers transformed into "Tattoo Artists": men and women with fine art backgrounds began to enter the profession alongside the older, traditional tattooists.
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peoples uses a small knife or a hafted tattooing chisel to quickly incise the skin in small dashes. The wounds are then rubbed with pigment. They differ from the techniques which use points in that the process also produces
6602:"The reason why sailors tattoo themselves has often been asked." The Times (London), 30 January 1873, p. 10: The article describes recovery of bodies after a shipwreck:those of the crew were identifiable by their tattoos.
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As various kinds of social movements progressed bodily inscription crossed class boundaries, and became common among the general public. Specifically, the tattoo is one access point for revolutionary aesthetics of women.
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provided visual representations of Indigenous people in the form of drawings and paintings. Harriot and White also provided information highlighting specific markings seen on Indigenous chiefs during that time. In 1623,
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There is no way to determine the actual origin of tattooing for Indigenous people of North America. The oldest known physical evidence of tattooing in North America was made through the discovery of a frozen, mummified,
4715:
Robitaille, Benoît (2007). "A Preliminary Typology of Perpendicularly Hafted Bone Tipped Tattooing Instruments: Toward a Technological History of Oceanic Tattooing". In St-Pierre, Christian Gates; Walker, Renee (eds.).
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exact place where the school authorities first marked them. This can be seen as a strong act of resistance where the students were physically rejecting their numerical ID, and reclaiming their own body and identity.
722:, "Many come hither from Upper India to have their bodies painted with the needle in the way we have elsewhere described, there being many adepts at this craft in the city". At least three of the main characters –
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at home with a sewing needle and soot filled into the puncture. Many of the tattos depict symbols from nature, such as plants, animals and stars. Tattoos between the eye are meant to protect from the evil eye.
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Two well-preserved Egyptian mummies from 4160 B.C.E., a priestess and a temple dancer for the fertility goddess Hathor, bear random dot and dash tattoo patterns on the lower abdomen, thighs, arms, and chest.
1222:. These terms were also applied to identical designs used in woven textiles, pottery, and decorations for shields, tool and weapon handles, musical instruments, and others. Most of the names are derived from
6725:"In especially sensitive cases a mild solution of cocaine is injected under the skin, ... and no sensation whatever is felt, while the soothing solution is so mild that it has no effect ... except locally."
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is described as self-tattooed – 'His long skinny arms all covered with anchors and arrows and letters, tattooed in with gunpowder like a sailor-boy's' – and is mildly rebuked for this by his headmaster.
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whose job was to help people wash themselves. This was a notable occupation because apart from helping the customers with washing, they were massage-therapists, dentists, barbers and tattoo artists.
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Confederation historically used tattooing in connection to war. A tradition for many young men was to go on a journey into the wilderness, fast from eating any food, and discover who their personal
2955:, who in 1846, was tattooing sailors and soldiers with proud patriotic tattoos of flags and battles. While this helped push tattooing into a popular light, simultaneously "Tattooed Freaks", like
2711:, Don Nolan, Zeke Owens and Spider Webb. A second generation of artists, trained by the first, continued these traditions into the 1970s, and included artists such as Bob Roberts, Jamie Summers,
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mummy in particular, nicknamed "Apo Anno", had tattoos covering even the soles of the feet and the fingertips. The tattoo patterns are often also carved on the coffins containing the mummies.
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Military and warfare have had a direct impact on the purpose, subject matter, and reception of tattoos in American popular culture. The first recorded tattoo artist in the United States was
4096:. The Publications of the Champlain Society 49. Vol. 2. Reprinted, translated, and edited by William N. Fenton and Elizabeth L. Moore. Toronto: The Champlain Society (published 1977).
3604:
2565:" were covered – with the exception of their faces, hands, necks, and other readily visible areas – with various images inked into their skin. To lure the crowd, the earliest ladies, like
2053:, while arguing against painting the interior of Parisian churches, said the practice "reminds me of the tattoos used in place of clothes by barbarous peoples to conceal their nakedness".
132:
human remains reveal that tattooing has been practiced throughout the world for millennia. In 2015, scientific re-assessment of the age of the two oldest known tattooed mummies identified
2523:, and opened a shop in New York City in the early 1870s. The first documented professional tattooist (with a permanent studio, working on members of the paying public) in Britain was
1415:
Tattoos are acquired gradually over the years, and patterns can take months to complete and heal. The tattooing process were sacred events that involved rituals to ancestral spirits (
425:
Early explorers to North America made many ethnographic observations about the Indigenous people they met. Initially, they did not have a word for tattooing and instead described the
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comb, or au. Honoring their tradition, Samoan tattoo artists made this tool from sharpened boar's teeth fastened together with a portion of the turtle shell and to a wooden handle.
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chieftain, is tattooed with an extensive and detailed range of fish, monsters and a series of dots that lined up along the spinal column (lumbar region) and around the right ankle.
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tattoos in designated parts of the body such as the forearm, elbow, wrist, the side of the palm, and back and front of hands. Offensive, sexist and racist tattoos are not allowed.
620:
The Spaniards took these slaves with them. It seems that this juice is corrosive and produces such terrible pain that the slaves are unable to eat on account of their sufferings.
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and history. European missionaries colonized the Inuit in the beginning of the 20th century and associated tattooing as an evil practice "demonizing" anyone who valued tattoos.
7297:, for example, juxtaposed circus sideshow banners depicting tattooed performers like "The Tattooed Lady" alongside art inspired by the tattoo Renaissance of the 1960s and 1970s.
2963:", were inadvertently counteracting this, and keeping the world of Tattooing out of everyday life. It was not until the invention of the Electric Tattoo Machine in the 1880s by
2903:, became the first Miss America contestant to show off tattoos during the swimsuit competition — the insignia of the U.S. Army Dental Corps on her left shoulder and one of the "
2381:, and was introduced into the English language by Cook's expedition (though the word 'tattoo' or 'tap-too', referring to a drumbeat, had existed in English since at least 1644)
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made three voyages to the South Pacific, the last trip ending with Cook's death in Hawaii in February 1779. When Cook and his men returned home to Europe from their voyages to
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artifacts. They found that the obsidian pieces, old and new, show similar patterns, suggesting that they hadn't been used for working hides, but were for adorning human skin."
272:. But other sites are older than the Austronesian expansion, being dated to around 1650 to 2000 BCE, suggesting that there was a preexisting tattooing tradition in the region.
2642:. Men marked their arms and hands with initials of themselves and loved ones, significant dates, symbols of the seafaring life, liberty poles, crucifixes, and other symbols."
7008:"Branding the Other/Tattooing the Self: Bodily Inscription among Convicts in Russia and the Soviet Union." In Written on the Body: The Tattoo in European and American History
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due to the pattern of his tattoos and his account that he was tattooed by women (Palauan tattooists were female). However, the pattern of his tattoos are very similar to all
1997:
therapeutic function because of their simplicity and placement, however careful review of the evidence suggests that these markings may have served other functions as well.
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used tattooing to penalize slaves, criminals, and prisoners of war. While known, decorative tattooing was looked down upon and religious tattooing was mainly practiced in
2288:) was very easy to find in his island. Jeoly also mentioned that the men and women of Mindanao were also tattooed similarly, and that his tattoos were done by one of his
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A Spanish expedition led by Gonzalo de Badajoz in 1515 across what is today Panama ran into a village where prisoners from other tribes had been marked with tattoos.
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Thai-Khmer tattoos, also known as Yantra tattooing, was common since ancient times. Just as other native southeast Asian cultures, animistic tattooing was common in
1306:
Visayans; to being restricted only to certain areas of the body like Manobo tattoos which were only done on the forearms, lower abdomen, back, breasts, and ankles.
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often indicated a person's socio-demographic status, the crimes they had committed, the prisons they associated with, what drugs they had used, and other habits.
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3003:
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Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Peres, Tanya M.; Karacic, Steven (June 2021). "Ancient Native American bone tattooing tools and pigments: Evidence from central Tennessee".
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exceed one inch in diameter, and permanent makeup. Additionally, tattoos that are deemed to be sexist, racist, derogatory, or extremist continue to be banned.
1954:, representing freedom, nature symbols like suns, animals, and plants, and geometric symbols like lines, dots, triangles, circles, half circles, and diamonds.
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They were commonly repeating geometric designs (lines, zigzags, repeating shapes); stylized representations of animals (like snakes, lizards, dogs, frogs, or
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1934:
tattooed on the inside of their right arm. This may have been influenced by a similar practice tattooing religious symbols on the wrists and arms during the
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in tattoo pigments and the ongoing refinement of the equipment used for tattooing, this has led to an improvement in the quality of tattoos being produced.
6262:
Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish, in Caplan, J. (2000). Written on the body: The tattoo in European and American history / edited by Jane Caplan. London: Reaktion.
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permits most tattoos, with certain restrictions: unless visible in a front-facing passport photo, obscene or offensive, or otherwise deemed inappropriate.
6077:
4626:
Bellwood, Peter; Dizon, Eusebio; De Leon, Alexandra (2013). "The Batanes Pottery Sequence, 2500 BC to Recent". In Bellwood, Peter; Dizon, Eusebio (eds.).
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the needle in and out of the skin rapidly (around 90 to 120 taps a minute). The needles were usually made from wood, horn, bone, ivory, metal, bamboo, or
1301:
Tattoos were symbols of tribal identity and kinship, as well as bravery, beauty, and social or wealth status. They were also believed to have magical or
907:; they are used to demonstrate that an adult man can protect his homeland, and that an adult woman is qualified to weave cloth and perform housekeeping.
2630:, race, and height. Using simple techniques and tools, tattoo artists in the early republic typically worked on board ships using anything available as
557:
that describe how the raven and the loon tattooed each other giving cultural significance to both the act of tattooing and the role of those animals in
6335:
2499:
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Smith, George S.; Zimmerman, Michael R. (October 1975). "Tattooing Found on a 1600 Year Old Frozen, Mummified Body from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska".
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in the early 1880s. Tattooing was an expensive and painful process and by the late 1880s had become a mark of wealth for the crowned heads of Europe.
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are a popular art form shared by many. They are also often perceived to be indicative of defiance, independence, and belonging, such as in prison or
2912:
6108:
6095:
the emperor Constantine's law in AD 316 banning the cruel and dehumanising practice of tattooing runaways' foreheads, a previously common punishment
2046:
that the Anglo-Saxons were tattooed upon the arrival of the Normans (..."arms covered with golden bracelets, tattooed with coloured patterns ...").
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6366:
3045:
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that Tattooing became a little socially acceptable. Still, O'Reilly reported in the 1880s that most of his clients were sailors. A 1908 Article in
2503:
remarkable. In recent history, authority figures have adopted the trend more widely; in Australia 65% of people in these professions are tattooed.
1517:
6587:
41:
times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art and the archaeological record. Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible
8719:
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in 1789 refers to their being tattooed on the left breast, arms and 'backside' with designs such as stars, hearts, 'darts' and, in the case of a
4909:
3100:
Throughout the world's different military branches, tattoos are either regulated under policies or strictly prohibited to fit dress code rules.
1789:
Tattoos became widespread in the Ottoman Empire, likely through influence from Arabs as they gained popularity by the 18th century in Istanbul.
1724:
The tattooing process itself would be 5 sessions, in theory. These 5 sessions would be spread out over 10 days for the inflammation to subside.
8724:
7401:
Braverman, Samantha. "One in Five U.S. Adults Now Has a Tattoo." Harris Interactive: Harris Polls. N.p, 23 February 2012. Web. 7 February 2013.
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in North Africa in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Berber tattoo artists both in North Africa and in the diaspora are continuing the practice.
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3998:
Wallace, Antoinette B. (2013). "Native American Tattooing in the Protohistoric Southeast". In Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Diaz-Granados, Carol (eds.).
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5800:
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by the inn, with his likeness printed on playbills and flyers advertising his "exquisitely painted" body. By this time, Jeoly had contracted
1371:, as they call that cloth they wrap around their waist, which is the sort the ancient actors and gladiators used in Rome for decency's sake."
2622:
issued following a 1796 congressional act to safeguard American seamen from impressment. These proto-passports catalogued tattoos alongside
1836:. Archeologist Geoffrey J. Tassie argues that it may be more appropriate to classify tattoo in ancient Egypt and Nubia as part of a larger
693:
peoples of southeastern and southern China. Tattoos were often referred to in literature depicting bandits and folk heroes. As late as the
1871:
Ancient Egyptian tattooing appears to have been practiced on women exclusively; with an exception of a pre-dynastic male mummy found with
999:
in northern Luzon have also yielded both chisel and serrated-type heads of possible hafted bone tattoo instruments alongside Austronesian
7598:
Brouwer, Daniel C.; Horwitz, Linda Diane (3 July 2015). "The Cultural Politics of Progenic Auschwitz Tattoos: 157622, A-15510, 4559, …".
6996:
Dye, Ira. "The Tattoos of Early American Seafarers, 1796–1818." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 133.4 (1989): 520–554.
5964:
5358:
Friedman, Renée; Antoine, Daniel; Talamo, Sahra; Reimer, Paula J.; Taylor, John H.; Wills, Barbara; Mannino, Marcello A. (1 April 2018).
7988:
4060:. The Publications of the Champlain Society. Vol. 25. Translated by Langton, H. H. Toronto: The Champlain Society (published 1939).
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Norman, Camilla (2018). "Illyrian Vestiges in Daunian Costume: tattoos, string aprons and a helmet". In Gianfranco De Benedittis (ed.).
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1936, 1 in 10 Americans had a tattoo of some form. In the late 1950s, Tattoos were greatly influenced by several artists, in particular
1985:, which dates to between 35,000 and 40,000 years ago also exhibits incised lines down both arms, as well as across the torso and chest.
7330:
2438:
members of the upper classes, including royalty. In its upmarket form, it could be a lengthy, expensive and sometimes painful process.
1470:
268:
skin piercers. Some archeological sites with these implements are associated with the Austronesian migration into Papua New Guinea and
5522:
5340:
5213:
4316:
1895:
Accounts of early travelers to ancient Egypt describe the tool used as an uneven number of metal needles attached to a wooden handle.
7290:
5654:
2241:
1260:
Affixed forms of these words were used to describe tattooed people, often as a synonym for "renowned/skilled person"; like Tagalog
5774:
3224:
Tattoos and Body Modifications in Antiquity: Proceedings of the sessions at the EAA annual meetings in The Hague and Oslo, 2010/11
2469:
of Russia, all sported tattoos, many of them elaborate and ornate renditions of the Royal Coat of Arms or the Royal Family Crest.
2421:, and on Europeans living among Native Americans. European sailors have practiced tattooing since at least the 16th century (see
1759:
about a man from Qazwin who seeks a lion tattoo from the barber but changes his mind once he experiences the pain of the needle.
437:, who was part of the Grenville Expedition, was responsible for making observations about Indigenous People of North America. In
4872:"An Ethnography of Pantaron Manobo Tattooing (Pangotoeb): Towards a Heuristic Schema in Understanding Manobo Indigenous Tattoos"
1011:
jade ornaments. These were dated to before 1500 BCE and are remarkably similar to the comb-type tattoo chisels found throughout
2205:
1957:
The tradition has declined due to the influence of Islam, in which tattooing is forbidden, and specifically a wave of stricter
991:, around 2500 to 3000 years old, have simplified stamped-circle patterns, which are believed to represent tattoos and possibly
6627:, a witness, Lord Bellew, testified he and the missing Roger Tichborne tattooed each other while they were both schoolboys at
887:
women with facial tattoos as a symbol of maturity, which was a tradition for both males and females. Tattooing customs of the
8046:
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7974:
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7235:"Leo Zulueta's style of neo-tribal tattooing made him known as the father of modern tribal tattooing | The Vintage News"
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Nottingham: its castle: a military fortress, a royal palace, a ducal mansion, a blackened ruin, a museum and gallery of art
5884:
Conard, Nicholas J. (May 2009). "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany".
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in the US. From the distinct history of tattooing, its historical origins and how it transferred to American culture, come
5298:"The Last Generation of Tattooed Bedouin Women in Southern Jordan: When Tradition and Climate Change Collided in Wadi Rum"
8132:
6803:
2085:
1701:
A young artist-in-training often spent hours, and sometimes days, tapping designs into sand or tree bark using a special
736:
was sentenced to a facial tattoo describing his crime after killing Xi Menqing (西門慶) to avenge his brother. In addition,
8279:
5748:
1981:
culture dates to approximately 40,000 years ago and features a series of parallel lines on its left shoulder. The ivory
6942:
6424:
4600:
2804:
Contemporary art exhibitions and visual art institutions have featured tattoos as art through such means as displaying
389:
308:
6082:
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5619:
2519:, who had enlisted in the United States Navy in the late 1840s where he learned to tattoo, served as a soldier in the
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myth persists that the upper and lower classes find tattooing attractive and the broader middle classes rejecting it.
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4523:
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3539:
3502:
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2244:. He was initially bought with his mother (who died of illness shortly afterwards) from a Mindanaoan slave trader in
7429:
6133:
An Intrepid Scot: William Lithgow of Lanark's Travels in the Ottoman Lands, North Africa and Central Europe, 1609–21
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5267:
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Realtà medioadriatiche a confronto: contatti e scambi tra le due sponde. Atti del convegno Termoli 22-23 luglio 2016
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5055:
4415:
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Dye, David H. (2013). "Snaring Life from the Star and the Sun". In Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Diaz-Granados, Carol (eds.).
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Diaz-Granados, Carol; Deter-Wolf, Aaron (2013). "Introduction". In Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Diaz-Granados, Carol (eds.).
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518:
442:
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adult usually identified someone as having very low status. In contrast, tattoos in other ethnic groups (like the
686:
with Western Asian/Indo-European physical traits and cultural materials. These date from between 2100 and 550 BC.
5720:
5468:(Paperback). Los Angeles, CA: Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles. pp. 21–28.
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of the islands, he repeatedly described them as "painted all over." The original Spanish name for the Visayans, "
144:
tattoos in the world were discovered on two mummies from Egypt which are dated between 3351 and 3017 BCE. In the
4694:"The Recontextualization of Burik (Traditional Tattoos) of Kabayan Mummies in Benguet to Contemporary Practices"
3752:
3124:
has presented an exhibit about the long history of tattoos among Navy service members, part of the tradition of
2911:
exists directly on point. The process of tattooing was held to be a purely expressive activity protected by the
8745:
8331:
5937:
Deter Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoit; Burlot, Aurelien; Riday, Daniel; Jacobsen, Maya Sialuk (13 March 2024).
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Krutak, Lars (2013). "Tattoos, Totem Marks, and War Clubs". In Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Diaz-Granados, Carol (eds.).
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Some artifacts dating back 3,000 years from the Solomon Islands may have been used for tattooing human skin.
1533:
707:("Prisoner") on convicted criminals' faces. Although relatively rare during most periods of Chinese history,
553:
believed that a woman could not transition into the spirit world without tattoos on her skin. The Inuit have
227:. Tattooing traditions, including facial tattooing, can be found among all Austronesian subgroups, including
6343:
4834:
4693:
1816:
Despite a lack of direct textual references, tattooed human remains and iconographic evidence indicate that
1681:
500:
had used bones as tattooing needles. In addition, turkey bone tattooing tools were discovered at an ancient
4629:
4000 Years of Migration and Cultural Exchange: The Archaeology of the Batanes Islands, Northern Philippines
4589:
edited by Lars Krutak and Aaron Deter-Wolf, pp. 37–55. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington.
3781:
Evans, Susan, Toby. 2013. Ancient Mexico and Central America: Archaeology and Culture History. 3rd Edition.
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2018:
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Oosten, Jarich; Laugrand, Frédéric (January 2016). "The Bringer of Light: The Raven in Inuit Tradition".
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6980:"Common-place › The journal of early American lifeCommon-place: The Journal of early American Life"
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Tattooed Transculturites: Western Expatriates among Amerindian and Pacific Islander Societies, 1500–1900
6410:
Tattooed transculturites: Western expatriates among Amerindian and Pacific Islander societies, 1500–1900
4042:. Introduction by Paul Hulton (Theodore De Bry ed.). New York: Dover Publications (published 1972).
3864:
Lelaj, Olsi (2015). "Mbi tatuazhin në shoqërinë shqiptare" [On Tattoo in the Albanian Society].
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hafted tattoo instrument, mallet, and ink bowl, which are the characteristic instruments of traditional
8284:
5939:"Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings"
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Salvador-Amores, Analyn. Burik: Tattoos of the Ibaloy Mummies of Benguet, North Luzon, Philippines. In
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in recorded history and it is a known fact that tattooing can be done by women tattoo artists like Apo
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as the oldest example then known. This body, with 61 tattoos, was found embedded in glacial ice in the
7699:
5246:
Kafadar, Cemal (2007). "Janissaries and other riffraff of Ottoman Istanbul: Rebels without a cause?".
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Kafadar, Cemal (2007). "Janissaries and other riffraff of Ottoman Istanbul: Rebels without a cause?".
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Deter-Wolf, Aaron (2013). "Needle in a Haystack". In Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Diaz-Granados, Carol (eds.).
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2462:
2049:
The significance of tattooing was long open to Eurocentric interpretations. In the mid-19th century,
1848:
808:
159:
49:
period in Europe. However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the
6250:
3222:
Deter-Wolf, Aaron (2013). "The Material Culture and Middle Stone Age Origins of Ancient Tattooing".
148:, the oldest evidence of tattooing is a mustache-like dotted line above the upper lip of one of the
8391:
7935:
5829:
4433:
Blust, Robert (1995). "The prehistory of the Austronesian speaking peoples: a view from language".
3180:
disclosed a new policy of standards of appearance, substituting any previous policy from the past.
2673:
2374:, they told tales of the 'tattooed savages' they had seen. The word "tattoo" itself comes from the
1882:
1566:
1331:
786:
Tattooing for spiritual and decorative purposes in Japan is thought to extend back to at least the
486:, the information about tattoos and the actual practice of tattooing has persisted to present day.
7219:
6486:
5589:
2899:, 23% of women in America had tattoos in that year, compared to 19% of men. In 2013, Miss Kansas,
1466:. Regardless, the motifs and placements are very similar to the tattoos made with hafted needles.
814:
8536:
7430:"Creative expression and the human canvas: an examination of tattoos as a copyrightable art form"
4324:
4071:
3683:
2969:
2891:
has much to say on the subject. "Bodies of Subversion: A Secret History of Women and Tattoo", by
2100:
also tattooed soldiers and arms manufacturers, a practice that continued into the ninth century.
1833:
1820:
practiced tattooing from at least 2000 BCE. It is theorized that tattooing entered Egypt through
497:
232:
6979:
5989:
Carr, Gillian (2005). "Woad, Tattooing and Identity in Later Iron Age and Early Roman Britain".
3792:
1528:
Several tribes in the insular parts have tattooing in their culture. One notable example is the
1018:
5195:
3837:
Gillian Carr (2005). "Woad, tattoing, and identity in later Iron Age and Early Roman Britain".
2867:
2831:
documentary called "Covered", showing interviews with heavily tattooed women and female tattoo
2451:
2171:
on the Ukok plateau during the 1990s. Their tattooing involved animal designs carried out in a
2064:
written records of tattooing date back to at least the 5th-century BCE. The ancient Greeks and
1889:
1881:
constituting the oldest known figural tattoo. And the possible exception of one extremely worn
1654:
569:
to revitalize the practice of traditional face tattoos through the creation of the documentary
360:
328:
7763:
6280:
3706:
3527:
1248:
8041:(Paperback). Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles.
7167:(Paperback). Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles.
5523:"World's earliest figural tattoos discovered on 5,000-year-old mummies - British Museum Blog"
3492:
2861:
2836:
2816:, featured both examples of historic body art as well as the tattoo artists who produced it.
2466:
2458:
2039:
1988:
The oldest and most famous direct proof of ancient European tattooing appears on the body of
1888:, there is no artistic or physical evidence that men were commonly tattooed. However, by the
1310:
562:
8244:
7053:
3556:
1438:
thorns. The needles created wounds on the skin that were then rubbed with the ink made from
421:
showing a painting by John White. Markings on the skin represent tattoos that were observed.
8632:
8364:
8216:
8071:
7833:
6382:
5895:
5371:
4871:
4320:
4156:
3815:
3760:
2524:
2354:
1430:
1354:
984:
911:
228:
167:
7497:
7474:
7285:
5575:
2744:
to customized full-body tattoo influenced by Polynesian and Japanese tattoo art, known as
1244:
in the Philippines, performing a traditional batek tattoo with a mallet and hafted needles
772:
8:
8627:
7787:
6830:
5095:
3418:
Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoît; Krutak, Lars; Galliot, Sébastien (February 2016).
3283:
Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Robitaille, Benoît; Krutak, Lars; Galliot, Sébastien (February 2016).
2727:
with a wristlet and a small heart on her left breast, by the San Francisco tattoo artist
2668:
2594:
2549:
1982:
1922:
Coptic tattoos often consist of three lines, three dots and two elements, reflecting the
1844:
1062:
522:
Inuit women and their children on King's Island, Canada, 1910. Tattoos on arms and chins.
501:
402:
216:
208:
7639:
7574:
5899:
5489:
5375:
4160:
3365:
8750:
8663:
8375:
8289:
7960:
7559:
7057:
6913:
6628:
6232:
6224:
6182:
6174:
5919:
5395:
5176:
5157:
5149:
5037:
5028:
Jocano, F. Landa (1958). "The Sulod: A Mountain People In Central Panay, Philippines".
5010:
4891:
4750:
4733:
Clark, Geoffrey; Langley, Michelle C. (2 July 2020). "Ancient Tattooing in Polynesia".
4665:
4450:
4353:
4237:
3980:
3972:
3442:
3399:
3193:
3151:
2964:
2952:
2531:
2520:
2516:
2069:
1969:
The earliest possible evidence for tattooing in Europe appears on ancient art from the
1865:
1752:
1744:' writings suggest that slaves and prisoners of war were tattooed in Persia during the
1578:
1287:
1241:
1223:
1147:
698:
236:
149:
7812:
7546:
Govenar, Alan B. (March 1982). "The Changing Image of Tattooing in American Culture".
6560:
4656:
Thiel, Barbara (1986–1987). "Excavations at Arku Cave, Northeast Luzon, Philippines".
3584:""I Want to Be Covered": Heavily Tattooed Women Challenge the Dominant Beauty Culture"
3092:
that "war lingers in and on the bodies and lifeworlds of those who have practiced it"
1989:
1907:
1469:
Tattooing traditions were lost as Filipinos were converted to Christianity during the
54:
8698:
8688:
8678:
8668:
8637:
8112:
8107:
8042:
8023:
7997:
7970:
7944:
7920:
7896:
7887:
7872:
7493:
7470:
7382:
7357:
7265:
7198:
7189:
7168:
7145:
7141:
7083:
6938:
6917:
6876:
6566:
6462:
6263:
6236:
6207:
Barnes, Geraldine (2006). "Curiosity, Wonder, and William Dampier's Painted Prince".
6186:
6157:
Barnes, Geraldine (2006). "Curiosity, Wonder, and William Dampier's Painted Prince".
6137:
6041:
6020:
6002:
5923:
5911:
5838:
5571:
5469:
5399:
5387:
5341:"Partridge eyes and stars: Traditional tattoos of Amazigh, Bedouin and Kurdish women"
5313:
5273:
5214:"Partridge eyes and stars: Traditional tattoos of Amazigh, Bedouin and Kurdish women"
5161:
5014:
4895:
4804:
4781:
4754:
4717:
4636:
4563:
4519:
4473:
4454:
4363:
4241:
4145:"Needles and bodies: A microwear analysis of experimental bone tattooing instruments"
4013:
4003:
3984:
3879:
3866:
3850:
3594:
3562:
3535:
3498:
3471:
3446:
3252:
3242:
2619:
2602:
2470:
2413:
The popularity of modern Western tattooing owes its origins in large part to Captain
2375:
1970:
1935:
1143:
1058:
737:
652:
433:, prick, list, mark, and raze" to "stamp, paint, burn, and embroider." In 1585–1586,
426:
312:
117:
50:
46:
7128:
Roberts, DJ. (2012). "Secret Ink: Tattoo's Place in Contemporary American Culture".
5360:"Natural mummies from Predynastic Egypt reveal the world's earliest figural tattoos"
3793:"Marks of Transformation: Tribal Tattooing in California and the American Southwest"
2871:
866:, which were the scripts of the classical civilizations of mainland southeast Asia.
8617:
8572:
8383:
8168:
8163:
7651:
7607:
7555:
7137:
7049:
6905:
6524:
6216:
6166:
5998:
5946:
5903:
5886:
5441:
5379:
5305:
5141:
5072:
5000:
4883:
4777:
4773:
4742:
4442:
4229:
4193:
4164:
3964:
3846:
3434:
3299:
2801:. In addition, many celebrities have made tattoos more acceptable in recent years.
2786:
2767:
2318:
2116:
2030:
1926:. The tools used had an odd number of needles to bring luck and good fortune. Many
1589:
1051:
1023:
1000:
996:
844:
827:
708:
454:
324:
23:
7611:
6529:
6512:
4746:
2654:
1280:). This was only socially acceptable for children and adolescents, as well as the
689:
In ancient China, tattoos were considered a barbaric practice associated with the
489:
61:
have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites, including locations in
8642:
8607:
8562:
8189:
8064:
7294:
7075:
6932:
5132:
Jones, C. P. (1987). "Stigma: Tattooing and branding in Graeco-Roman antiquity".
4936:
4197:
4169:
4144:
3438:
3303:
2904:
2888:
2774:
2586:
2566:
2562:
2266:
2258:
2249:
2225:
2201:
2176:
2168:
2073:
2050:
2022:(54 BC). Nevertheless, these may have been painted markings rather than tattoos.
1958:
1537:
1502:
1443:
1366:
1314:
1151:
1128:
988:
927:
535:
441:, Harriot recorded that some Indigenous people had their skin dyed and coloured.
430:
244:
163:
113:
6909:
5309:
2808:, examining the works of tattoo artists, or otherwise incorporating examples of
1618:
1322:
995:(also commonly practiced) as well. Excavations at the Arku Cave burial site in
450:
was a missionary who described seeing men and women with tattoos on their skin.
275:
Among other ethnic groups, tattooing was also traditionally practiced among the
8683:
8602:
8577:
8206:
8158:
8137:
8117:
7984:
7257:
6767:
6736:
6719:
Broadwell, Albert H. (27 January 1900). "Sporting pictures on the human skin".
6665:
Broadwell, Albert H. (27 January 1900). "Sporting pictures on the human skin".
6624:
4962:
3125:
3072:
2892:
2805:
2778:
2741:
2736:
2578:
2535:
2490:
2477:
2422:
2322:
2097:
2061:
2026:
1860:
1852:
1745:
1670:
1474:
1167:
1135:
1112:
1046:
992:
863:
859:
554:
483:
447:
434:
178:
141:
7863:
7465:
Lerner, K. Lee; Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth, eds. (2005). "Tattoo Identification".
6453:
5464:
Bianchi, Robert S. (1988). "Tattoo in ancient Egypt". In Rubin, Arnold (ed.).
5383:
5297:
5005:
4988:
4233:
3256:
2827:
in 2011, which was widely accepted, although it did attract some controversy.
1481:) shortly before the colonial period due to their (then recent) conversion to
53:. The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of
8739:
8703:
8622:
8582:
8557:
8184:
8011:
7111:
7087:
6645:
5655:"Tattoo artist connects a new generation to North African Indigenous culture"
5391:
4017:
3883:
3226:. Zurich Studies in Archaeology. Vol. 9. Chronos Verlag. pp. 15–26.
2928:
2916:
2832:
2745:
2539:
2512:
2495:
2386:
2232:
Perhaps the most famous tattooed foreigner in Europe prior to the voyages of
2093:
2077:
2013:
2005:
1911:
1824:, but this claim is complicated by the high mobility between Lower Nubia and
1817:
1486:
1463:
1401:
1388:
1376:
1295:
1253:
1219:
1199:
1042:
962:
900:
884:
683:
595:
558:
300:
296:
288:
102:
78:
5302:
Tattooed Bodies: Theorizing Body Inscription Across Disciplines and Cultures
4094:
Customs of the American Indians Compared with the Customs of Primitive Times
3494:
A Shark Going Inland Is My Chief: The Island Civilization of Ancient Hawai'i
3392:"Modelo bioarqueológico para la búsqueda y acercamiento al individuo social"
8462:
8211:
7149:
5915:
5862:
5091:
3523:
3053:
3041:
3012:
3008:
2999:
2956:
2932:
2900:
2724:
2716:
2557:
The earliest appearance of tattoos on women during this period were in the
2543:
2394:
2342:
2160:
2065:
1931:
1915:
1764:
1529:
1521:
1494:
745:
728:
694:
679:
582:
316:
304:
220:
18:
7911:
7739:"Revised uniform policy changes rules for tattoos, wear of combat uniform"
6220:
6170:
5547:
Keimer, Louis (1948). "Remarques sur le Tatouage dans l'Égypte Ancienne".
4887:
4785:
4719:
Bones as Tools: Current Methods and Interpretations in Worked Bone Studies
4257:
Reawakening Our Ancestors' Lines: Revitalizing Inuit Traditional Tattooing
3468:
Bones as Tools: Current Methods and Interpretations in Worked Bone Studies
2096:
made it illegal to tattoo the face of slaves as punishment. The Romans of
987:
groups. Ancient clay human figurines found in archaeological sites in the
952:
671:
8693:
8673:
8647:
7859:
7700:"The art of the tattoo heads to the home of the Royal Navy in Portsmouth"
7655:
6785:
6482:
6449:
6386:
5775:"Amazing Tribal Tattoos at Risk of Disappearing in N. Africa | Al Bawaba"
4989:"Sacred Texts and Symbols: An Indigenous Filipino Perspective on Reading"
3057:
3037:
3033:
3027:
This backlash would further worsen with use of a tattooed man in a 1950s
2991:
2896:
2841:
2824:
2753:
2749:
2728:
2708:
2704:
2598:
2582:
2248:
in 1690 by a "Mister Moody", who passed Jeoly on to the English explorer
2172:
1978:
1825:
1790:
1594:
1570:
1478:
923:
919:
879:
850:
823:
791:
663:
566:
280:
276:
261:
240:
224:
196:
90:
8056:
7889:
Bodies of inscription: A cultural history of the modern tattoo community
7191:
Bodies of inscription: A cultural history of the modern tattoo community
7061:
6896:
Fisher, Jill A. (December 2002). "Tattooing the Body, Marking Culture".
6756:(London), 29 April 1969, p. 4: "Saving young from embarrassing tattoos".
6228:
6178:
5907:
5076:
5041:
4669:
1421:) and the heeding of omens. For example, if the artist or the recipient
8410:
8194:
8153:
8015:
6390:
5950:
5056:"UNIQUE TRADITIONS IN PAPUA, INCLUDING RAJA AMPAT – Raja Ampat Doberai"
4446:
3558:
Ancient Religions of the Austronesian World: From Australasia to Taiwan
3114:
3064:, for tattooing to finally be brought back into society's good graces.
2849:
2763:
2607:
2447:
2414:
2367:
2233:
2197:
2084:, tattooing was common amongst certain religious groups in the ancient
1829:
1666:
1302:
1008:
723:
715:
8271:
7913:
Drawing with great needles: Ancient tattoo traditions of North America
7331:"Barbie Tattoos Lead to Predictable Media Hysteria, World to End Soon"
6546:
Drawing with Great Needles: Ancient Tattoo Traditions of North America
6109:"Holy tattoo! A 700-year old Christian tradition thrives in Jerusalem"
5153:
4303:
Drawing with Great Needles: Ancient Tattoo Traditions of North America
4279:
Drawing with Great Needles: Ancient Tattoo Traditions of North America
4000:
Drawing with Great Needles: Ancient Tattoo Traditions of North America
3976:
3939:
Drawing with Great Needles: Ancient Tattoo Traditions of North America
2107:(στίζειν), meaning "to prick," was used for tattooing. Its derivative
1622:
1612:
8199:
6543:
6017:
Ibn Fadlān and the Land of Darkness: Arab Travellers in the Far North
4121:
3049:
2791:
2712:
2680:
2635:
2623:
2418:
2371:
2261:
is made in Mens Arms, by pricking the Skin, and rubbing in a Pigment.
2089:
2088:
world, which may have contributed to the prohibition of tattooing in
1741:
1710:
1702:
1599:
1282:
1229:
1038:
1012:
1004:
983:
of the Philippine Islands during the pre-colonial era, like in other
915:
732:
are described as having tattoos covering nearly all of their bodies.
531:
352:
336:
332:
284:
269:
62:
38:
7725:"AF evolves policies to access more talent, maintain high standards"
6960:
By Ruth Priest Dixon. Prologue Magazine. Spring 1992. Volume 24 (1).
5446:
5429:
4993:
The International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion
1993:
798:
Between 1603 and 1868, Japanese tattooing was only practiced by the
8497:
8486:
8429:
8102:
6310:"The Sad Story of the Filipino Slave Known As The "Painted Prince""
5490:"Archives de l'Anthropologie Criminelle (tome 13; 1898) — Page 270"
5145:
3968:
3028:
2809:
2350:
2346:
2330:
2314:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2245:
2237:
2221:
2180:
2156:
1974:
1973:
period as incised designs on the bodies of humanoid figurines. The
1662:
1549:
1498:
1422:
1349:
1339:
1335:
1276:
among Visayans, meaning "unmarked" or "plain" (compare with Samoan
1233:
1072:
1066:
948:
748:
general) tattooed the words "Repay the Country with Pure Loyalty" (
719:
714:
However, tattoos seem to have remained a part of southern culture.
667:
604:
544:
513:
462:
340:
292:
265:
190:
186:
145:
74:
5801:"Tunisian tattoo artist revives Berber designs for new generation"
5430:"Identifying the practice of tattooing in ancient Egypt and Nubia"
4601:"The Beautiful History and Symbolism of Philippine Tattoo Culture"
3528:"Archeological Evidence for Tattooing in Polynesia and Micronesia"
3320:
It's official: Ötzi the Iceman has the oldest tattoos in the world
2408:
787:
8440:
8421:
8339:
8039:
Marks of civilization: Artistic transformations of the human body
7640:"War Ink: Sense-Making and Curating War through Military Tattoos"
7165:
Marks of civilization: Artistic transformations of the human body
6671:
Article describing work of society tattooist Sutherland Macdonald
6038:
Living Through Conquest: The Politics of Early English, 1020–1220
5466:
Marks of civilization: Artistic transformations of the human body
5269:
Inked: Tattoos and Body Art around the World: [2 volumes]
3417:
3282:
3016:
2631:
2398:
2306:
2151:
1946:
1923:
1686:
1638:
1458:
855:
767:
741:
733:
675:
599:
364:
348:
257:
129:
70:
8305:
7865:
Written on the body: The tattoo in European and American history
7488:
Kapes, Beth A.; Odle, Teresa G. (2006). "Piercing and Tattoos".
6969:
Smith, Gene Allan. 2013. The Slave's Gamble. MacMillan. Page 55.
6831:"Tattooing in the Civil War Was a Hedge Against Anonymous Death"
6562:
Written on the body: the tattoo in European and American history
6455:
Written on the body: The tattoo in European and American history
5296:
Strachan, Laura M. (2022), Martell, James; Larsen, Erik (eds.),
3901:. Campobasso: Università degli Studi del Molise. pp. 57–71.
2773:
During the 2000s, the presence of tattoos became evident within
2111:(στίγμα) was the common term for tattoo marks in both Greek and
1843:
The most famous tattooed mummies from this region are Amunet, a
651:("barbarian") statue of a tattooed man with short hair from the
133:
8314:
8087:
7309:"I'm inked therefore I am: Why tatts have left a mark on Gen Y"
5936:
5555:. Le Caire: L'Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale: 55–64.
4870:
Ragragio, Andrea Malaya M.; Paluga, Myfel D. (22 August 2019).
3088:
War Ink: Sense Making and Curating War Through Military Tattoos
2943:
2924:
2857:
2845:
2820:
2797:
2558:
2455:
1864:
treatment for a condition of the pelvis, very probably chronic
1748:. This practice spread from Persia to Greece and then to Rome.
1435:
690:
648:
539:
368:
344:
249:
98:
66:
42:
3637:
2252:. Dampier described Jeoly's intricate tattoos in his journals:
8260:
7381:. New York and London: New York University Press. p. 7.
7356:. New York and London: New York University Press. p. 5.
5304:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 117–144,
2853:
2748:, which are categorized under the relatively new and popular
2639:
2326:
2310:
2280:
2112:
2001:
1927:
1885:
1856:
1821:
1506:
1490:
1482:
1454:
1429:
Tattoos were made by skilled artists using the distinctively
1417:
1397:
975:
942:
800:
643:
527:
458:
398:
320:
256:
Ancient tattooing traditions have also been documented among
253:
thorns, fish bone, bone, teeth and turtle and oyster shells.
174:
153:
94:
86:
82:
58:
37:
Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least
7379:
Covered In Ink: Tattoos, Women, and the Politics of the Body
7354:
Covered In Ink: Tattoos, Women, and the Politics of the Body
6559:
Caplan, Jane (2000). "Introduction". In Caplan, Jane (ed.).
6059:
Haussmann: His Life and Times and the Making of Modern Paris
5749:"AP PHOTOS: In Morocco, tribal tattoos fade with age, Islam"
5620:"Amazigh tattoos are fading, is it too late to revive them?"
2812:
into mainstream exhibits. One such 2009 Chicago exhibition,
1892:(300 BCE – 400 CE), it was practiced on Nubian men as well.
1256:
tattoo patterns which are records of war exploits and status
795:
all ages as decorating their faces and bodies with tattoos.
8297:
5357:
4801:
History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to Filipinos
3707:"Tattoos of Indochina: Supernatural Mysteries of the Flesh"
3591:
Covered in Ink: Tattoos, Women and the Politics of the Body
3061:
2663:
2627:
2402:
2163:, Russia. The tattoo was made between about 200 and 400 BC.
2009:
1837:
1756:
1669:
used as an instrument for the tattooing process. When the
1642:
1453:
Another tattooing technique predominantly practiced by the
1447:
1439:
1393:
137:
7990:
Bodies of subversion: A secret history of women and tattoo
7771:
TATTOO, BODY MARKING, BODY PIERCING, AND MUTILATION POLICY
7262:
Bodies of subversion: A secret history of women and tattoo
7035:
7033:
7031:
4560:
Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society
4040:
A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia
3366:"'Oldest tattoo' found on 5,000-year-old Egyptian mummies"
858:
priest. The tattoos usually depict Hindu gods and use the
726:, Shi Jin (史進), and Yan Ching (燕青) – in the classic novel
5096:"*sau₃ wingbone of flying fox, used in tattooing; tattoo"
3369:
3095:
2167:
Tattooed mummies dating to c. 500 BC were extracted from
1536:). Another ethnic group that practices tattooing are the
1076:" ("The Painted Ones") was a reference to their tattoos.
957:
439:
A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia
419:
A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia
7782:
7780:
6243:
4142:
3661:"The Forgotten Code: Tribal Tattoos of Papua New Guinea"
2938:
7909:
7110:
Deb Tattooing has also become a fad among celebrities.
7028:
6381:
A description of three of the men who took part in the
3914:
1361:(robes) we mentioned, their dress at home and in their
758:) down her son's back before he left to join the army.
548:
translates to the English word for tattoo and the word
112:–1991 BC), multiple mummies from Siberia including the
6544:
Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Diaz-Granados, Carol, eds. (2013).
5507:
Tattooing in Ancient Egypt Part 2: The Mummy of Amunet
4281:. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 215–251.
4183:
2819:
In 2010, 25% of Australians under age 30 had tattoos.
2601:
by British Navy ships, sailors used government issued
2236:
was the "Painted Prince" - a slave named "Jeoly" from
1621:
of New Zealand practised a form of tattooing known as
1524:
tattooing in progress with a mallet and hafted needles
1357:, so that although for solemn occasions they have the
347:), a tradition that has been preserved in the western
7777:
5527:
British Museum Blog - Explore stories from the Museum
4768:
Nowell, C. E. (1962). "Antonio Pigafetta's account".
4408:
4305:. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 95–130.
3343:"Ancient Ink: Iceman Otzi Has World's Oldest Tattoos"
3019:, led to a stronger public outcry against tattooing.
3007:
back to the states. During the Second World War, the
1442:
or ashes mixed with water, oil, plant extracts (like
57:, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BC. Other tattooed
5248:
Identity and Identity Formation in the Ottoman World
5233:
Identity and Identity Formation in the Ottoman World
5102:. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
4625:
4002:. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 1–42.
3941:. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 43–72.
3919:. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. xi–xv.
3534:. University of Washington Press. pp. 159–184.
3490:
3036:. It would take two more decades, and creators like
2393:
Cook's Science Officer and Expedition Botanist, Sir
2025:
In his encounter with a group of pagan Scandinavian
1649:
is believed to have originated from the Samoan word
1473:. Tattooing were also lost in some groups (like the
1348:"The principal clothing of the Cebuanos and all the
4910:"Pang-o-tub: The tattooing tradition of the Manobo"
4687:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4581:
4579:
2200:throughout the 17th century were tattooed with the
2186:
1637:The traditional male tattoo in Samoa is called the
493:
Painting of an Inuit woman with tattoos on her face
374:
8408:
7959:
7638:Dyvik, Synne L; Welland, Julia (7 December 2018).
6768:"Why do people go back for more and more tattoos?"
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4352:
3497:. University of California Press. pp. 31–32.
2927:. In today's industrialized cultures, tattoos and
2681:Use of Tattoos in Native American boarding schools
2008:) with elaborate, war-inspired black or dark blue
1540:, as well as Moi and Meyakh people in West Papua.
1226:*beCik ("tattoo") and *patik ("mottled pattern").
22:Possible Neolithic tattoo marks depicted on a Pre-
7040:Schildkrout, Enid (2004). "Inscribing the Body".
4593:
2947:Old School Tattoo Flash Style. Patriotic Subject.
2220:Prince Giolo, the "Painted Prince", a slave from
1855:. In 1898, Daniel Fouquet, a medical doctor from
910:Taiwan is believed to be the homeland of all the
711:were also sometimes marked to display ownership.
215:Ancient tattooing was widely practiced among the
140:, and was dated to 3250 BCE. In 2018, the oldest
97:. These include Amunet, Priestess of the Goddess
8737:
8513:
7996:(3rd ed.). New York, NY: powerHouse Books.
7910:Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Diaz-Granados, Carol (2013).
7575:"Flag Tattoos: Markers of Class & Sexuality"
6863:. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017
6737:"People always say the same thing about tattoos"
6585:
6407:
6403:
6401:
5965:"Scan finds new tattoos on 5300-year-old Iceman"
4967:Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
4941:Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
4676:
4576:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3236:
2012:(or possibly copper for the blue tone) designs.
8484:
7252:
7250:
7248:
6425:"The Cook Myth: Common tattoo history debunked"
6009:
5861:. The Ulm Museum (Ulmer Museum). Archived from
5823:
5821:
4832:
4817:
4691:
4619:
4122:"Tunniit: Retracing the Lines of Inuit Tattoos"
4056:Sagard, Gabriel (1632). Wong, George M. (ed.).
3530:. In Lars Krutak & Aaron Deter-Wolf (ed.).
3239:Ancient ink : the archaeology of tattooing
2353:and was very ill. He was later brought to the
194:("the painted ones") of the Philippines in the
116:of Russia and from several cultures throughout
8438:
8427:
8419:
8381:
8337:
7597:
7010:. Princeton University Press. pp. 174–92.
6579:
5459:
5457:
5177:"Rumi's Tattoo Story – Persian tattoo designs"
4869:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4219:
3954:
3554:
3241:. Krutak, Lars F.,, Deter-Wolf, Aaron, 1976–.
1641:. The traditional female tattoo is called the
589:
223:. It may have originally been associated with
8495:
8460:
8362:
8258:
8072:
7871:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6586:Friedman Herlihy, Anna Felicity (June 2012).
6565:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6552:
6461:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6408:Friedman Herlihy, Anna Felicity (June 2012).
6398:
6030:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5272:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 50–51.
4735:The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology
4119:
4058:The Long Journey to the Country of the Hurons
3727:
3593:. New York University Press. pp. 35–64.
3263:
3171:
2840:parts of the body, and express aggressive or
2573:
2506:
2211:
818:Ainu woman with mouth tattoo from a 1931 book
749:
702:
571:Tunniit: Retracing the Lines of Inuit Tattoos
45:tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the
8303:
8295:
8242:
8010:
7773:. United States Coast Guard. 31 August 2009.
7637:
7464:
7245:
7127:
7023:Indian Boarding School Tattooing Experiences
6958:"Genealogical Fallout from the War of 1812."
6829:Amer, Aïda; Laskow, Sarah (13 August 2018).
6371:. London: Hamilton, Adams. p. Appendix.
6303:
6301:
5818:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5090:
4732:
4470:Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago
3836:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3158:
2986:Jerzy Kamieniecki, displays Auschwitz tattoo
2589:that performed in the circus sideshows, 1907
2278:Jeoly told Dampier that he was the son of a
2127:, and a variety of new Latin terms replaced
1272:. Men without tattoos were distinguished as
1026:tattoos covering the arms, chest, and face (
979:) on both sexes was practiced by almost all
207:), one of the earliest depictions of native
8269:
7039:
6937:(Print ed.). Golden, CO: Speck Press.
6202:
6200:
6198:
6196:
5798:
5454:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4833:Salvador-Amores, Analyn (29 October 2017).
4772:. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
4562:. Ateneo University Press. pp. 20–27.
4509:
4339:
4317:"The Encyclopedia of World Cultures CD-ROM"
3813:
3790:
3704:
3681:
3658:
3237:Krutak, Lars F.; Deter-Wolf, Aaron (2017).
8079:
8065:
7220:"Cool Tribal Tattoo. Is It From the '90s?"
6828:
6592:(PhD). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.
6412:(PhD). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.
5687:"Berber tattoos on the decline in Morocco"
5406:
4714:
4708:
4655:
4635:. Canberra: ANU-E Press. pp. 77–115.
4587:Ancient Ink: The Archaeology of Tattooing,
4507:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4186:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
4149:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
3936:
3464:
3427:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
3316:
3292:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
3221:
3136:
1751:The most famous depiction of tattooing in
833:
682:, Zaghunluq, and Qizilchoqa have revealed
8086:
7582:The International Congress of Vexillology
7487:
7217:
6718:
6664:
6528:
6298:
6209:Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies
6159:Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies
6123:
5652:
5445:
5114:
5004:
4168:
3698:
3622:
3532:Ancient Ink: The Archaeology of Tattooing
3453:
2770:with a visible tattoo on her centerfold.
2697:
2321:language. Other authors claimed Jeoly is
2016:described these tattoos in Book V of his
1512:
1328:Historia de las Islas e Indios de Bisayas
670:of western China) including the sites of
8022:(Paperback). New York, NY: Weatherhill.
7943:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
7933:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7531:
7529:
7527:
7376:
7351:
7306:
7005:
6510:
6423:Friedman, Anna Felicity (5 April 2014).
6422:
6307:
6272:
6193:
6129:
6015:Paul Lunde & Stone, Caroline. 2012.
5837:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
5827:
5799:Abidellaoui, Jihed (29 September 2022).
5549:Mémoires Présentés à l'Institut d'Égypte
5434:Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
5295:
4960:
4934:
4852:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4467:
4254:
3581:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3071:
2981:
2942:
2866:
2653:
2577:
2548:
2215:
2204:to commemorate their voyages, including
2159:chieftain whose mummy was discovered at
2150:
1906:
1680:
1593:
1565:
1516:
1387:
1321:
1247:
1228:
1037:Ancient tattoos can also be found among
1017:
956:
878:
838:
813:
771:
642:
517:
488:
412:
173:
158:
17:
7983:
7957:
7885:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7593:
7591:
7545:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7509:
7507:
7264:(Paperback). New York, NY: Juno Books.
7256:
7187:
7054:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143947
6930:
6810:. New York. 18 December 1872. p. 1
6487:"The Razzouks: Tattooing for 700 years"
6327:
6150:
6061:. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee. pp. 235–6.
6056:
5590:"Deep Thoughts: Coptic Orthodox Tattoo"
5463:
5265:
5245:
5230:
4986:
4980:
4902:
4798:
4792:
4513:
4486:
4350:
4091:
4037:
3997:
3744:
3636:. Maori Tourism Limited. Archived from
3575:
3389:
3340:
2752:genre. In the early 90s the designs of
2649:
1426:usually held after a completed tattoo.
8738:
7858:
7232:
7020:
6895:
6734:
6649:
6558:
6481:
6448:
6278:
6206:
6156:
6019:, p. 46, cf. p 229. Penguin Classics.
5883:
5743:
5741:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5617:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5592:. Mojoey.blogspot.com. 19 January 2005
5546:
5517:
5515:
5427:
5291:
5289:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5027:
5021:
4954:
4928:
4767:
4761:
4300:
4055:
3896:
3807:
3721:
3317:Deter-Wolf, Aaron (11 November 2015),
3096:Global military regulations on tattoos
2484:
2476:The perception that there is a marked
2432:
1625:, traditionally created with chisels.
457:of 1652 describes tattooing among the
8060:
8036:
7919:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
7895:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
7197:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
7162:
6765:
6256:
5721:"Algeria's tattoos: Myths and truths"
5566:Winge, Theresa M. (2005). "Tattoos".
5565:
5338:
5131:
4726:
4649:
4557:
4532:
4432:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4087:
4085:
4051:
4049:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
3950:
3948:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3910:
3908:
3863:
3784:
3775:
3753:"Tribal Marks – The 'African Tattoo'"
3684:"Tattooing Among Japan's Ainu People"
3522:
3511:
3484:
3363:
3187:
3145:
3076:Tattoo in memorial to fallen comrades
3067:
2939:Military's role in tattoos in America
2907:" along the right side of her torso.
2777:, inspiring television shows such as
2409:"Reintroduction" to the Western world
2284:in Mindanao, and told him that gold (
2029:merchants in the early 10th century,
826:also participate in tattooing called
655:cultures of southern China, from the
530:have a deep history of tattooing. In
8531:
7697:
7670:"Chapter 38 – Policy and Appearance"
7618:
7588:
7504:
6857:"New York City's 1800s Tattoo Shops"
6822:
6796:
6786:"Dimbleby gets first tattoo aged 75"
6735:Cawley, Lawrence (3 February 2014).
6548:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
6364:
5988:
5653:El Gahami, Fatima (8 October 2023).
5568:Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion
5509:by Gemma Angel, on 10 December 2012.
3830:
3675:
3548:
3341:Scallan, Marilyn (9 December 2015).
3052:in 1980, and celebrity patrons like
2361:
1583:
1003:markers like adzes, spindle whorls,
123:
7572:
7492:. Vol. 4. pp. 2903–2905.
6281:"Myth Busting Tattoo (Art) History"
6253:. State Library of New South Wales.
6040:, p. 150. Oxford University Press.
5738:
5718:
5705:
5672:
5637:
5618:Achlim, Yasmina (9 February 2022).
5604:
5512:
5286:
5254:
5100:Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
4987:Clariza, M. Elena (30 April 2019).
4516:Filipino Tattoos: Ancient to Modern
4276:
3750:
2766:(Miss February 1977) was the first
2473:of modern Spain also had a tattoo.
697:, it was common practice to tattoo
504:site, dated back to 3500–1600 BCE.
390:Indigenous peoples of North America
13:
7851:
7834:"Tattoo Policy In The Indian Army"
7560:10.1111/j.1542-734X.1982.0501_30.x
6854:
6336:"Prince Giolo: The Pintado Prince"
6333:
6308:Williams, Faye (18 January 2018).
6285:Lars Krutak: Tattoo Anthropologist
5196:"History – Persian tattoo designs"
5081:. November/December 2016. Page 25.
4770:Magellan's Voyage Around the World
4285:
4263:
4204:
4100:
4082:
4046:
4024:
3945:
3923:
3905:
3730:"Facial Tattooing of Berber Women"
3652:
3470:. Archaeopress. pp. 159–174.
3022:
2874:was a registered candidate in the
2511:The first documented professional
2450:'s lead in getting tattooed; King
2196:British and other pilgrims to the
2056:
1811:
1713:was also a very costly procedure.
1573:of Rapa Nui, (Walter Knoche, 1911)
1543:
610:
417:A page from Thomas Harriot's book
14:
8762:
8523:
8508:
7644:International Political Sociology
7490:The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
7469:. Vol. 2. pp. 662–663.
7453:Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach
7218:Bernstein, Joseph (19 May 2023).
6631:. Tichborne left school in 1848.
5570:. Vol. 3. pp. 268–271.
5364:Journal of Archaeological Science
5193:
5174:
4961:Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen.
4935:Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen.
4722:. Archaeopress. pp. 159–174.
4391:"A history of Japanese tattooing"
4143:ChristianGates St-Pierre (2018).
4092:Lafitau, Joseph François (1724).
3816:"America's Tattooed Indian Kings"
3728:Sarah Corbett (6 February 2016).
3122:National Museum of the Royal Navy
3103:
2561:in the late 19th century. These "
2454:of Denmark, the King of Romania,
2292:Some authors believe him to be a
1784:
1755:goes back 800 years to a tale by
899:In Taiwan, facial tattoos of the
7934:Friedman, Anna Felicity (2015).
7826:
7805:
7764:"COMMANDANT INSTRUCTION 1000.1B"
7756:
7731:
7717:
7691:
7662:
7566:
7481:
7458:
7446:
7422:
7404:
7395:
7370:
7345:
7333:. Inquisitr.com. 20 October 2011
7323:
7307:Brittany, By (31 October 2010).
7300:
7278:
7226:
7211:
7181:
7156:
7142:10.1111/j.1542-734x.2012.00804.x
7121:
7104:
7094:
7082:. 21 December 1936. p. 30.
7068:
7014:
6999:
6990:
6972:
6963:
6951:
6924:
6889:
6848:
6778:
6759:
6747:
6728:
6712:
6700:
6674:
6658:
6638:
6635:(London), 2 February 1872, p. 10
6617:
6605:
6596:
6537:
6513:"Tattooing — Oriental and Gypsy"
6504:
6475:
6442:
6416:
6375:
6358:
6106:
6100:
6065:
6050:
6003:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2005.00236.x
5828:Friedman, Anna Felicity (2015).
4692:Salvador-Amores, Analyn (2012).
3851:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2005.00236.x
3131:
2876:2013 Czech presidential election
2593:In the period shortly after the
2530:In 1891, New York City tattooer
2303:Philippine ethnolinguistic group
2187:Modern world tattooing practices
1847:, and two Hathoric dancers from
1797:
1343:(commoner warrior) with a paddle
1065:(c. 1521) first encountered the
965:warrior bearing a head hunter's
384:
375:Traditional practices by regions
264:, with their use of distinctive
8503:code: ipk promoted to code: ik
8492:code: iku promoted to code: iu
8370:code: mya promoted to code: my
8345:code: hrv promoted to code: hr
7679:. February 2022. pp. 11–12
7377:Thompson, Beverly Yuen (2015).
7352:Thompson, Beverly Yuen (2015).
6279:Krutak, Lars (22 August 2013).
5982:
5957:
5943:European Journal of Archaeology
5930:
5877:
5851:
5792:
5767:
5582:
5559:
5540:
5500:
5482:
5351:
5332:
5239:
5224:
5206:
5187:
5168:
5084:
5066:
5048:
4472:. University of Hawai'i Press.
4461:
4426:
4383:
4309:
4255:Johnston, Angela Hovak (2017).
4248:
4177:
4136:
4120:Arnaquq-Baril, Alethea (2011).
4064:
3991:
3890:
3876:Centre of Albanological Studies
3857:
3582:Thompson, Beverly Yuen (2015).
2500:Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair
2366:Between 1766 and 1779, Captain
2155:A tattoo on the right arm of a
1806:
1381:Relación de las Islas Filipinas
931:coast of the Chinese mainland.
576:
379:
8332:Albanian traditional tattooing
7698:Moss, Richard (28 June 2018).
6365:Hine, Thomas Chambers (1876).
5339:Osman, Nadda (21 March 2022).
5266:DeMello, Margo (30 May 2014).
3411:
3383:
3364:Ghosh, Pallab (1 March 2018).
3357:
3334:
3310:
3230:
3215:
2309:, the southernmost islands of
1606:
934:
869:
357:Albanian traditional tattooing
156:, dated to 2563–1972 cal BCE.
1:
8475:
7962:Tattoo history: A source book
7612:10.1080/00335630.2015.1056748
7042:Annual Review of Anthropology
6931:Osterud, Amelia Klem (2009).
6766:Kelly, Jon (1 October 2013).
6530:10.1525/aa.1908.10.3.02a00010
5991:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
4747:10.1080/15564894.2018.1561558
4558:Scott, William Henry (1994).
4355:Tattoo history: A source book
3839:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
3491:Patrick Vinton Kirch (2012).
3209:
3108:
2977:
2313:and a significant portion of
2271:A New Voyage Around the World
2191:
1690:
1534:Bornean traditional tattooing
1405:
1027:
777:
211:tattoos by European explorers
201:
128:Preserved tattoos on ancient
106:
27:
7969:. New York, NY: Juno Books.
7677:Royal Navy Book of Reference
7284:The Chicago art exhibition,
6934:The tattooed lady: A history
6650:Hughes, Thomas (1857). "3".
6130:Bosworth, C. Edmund (2017).
5428:Tassie, Geoffrey J. (2003).
4362:. New York, NY: Juno Books.
4198:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103002
4170:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.10.027
3439:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007
3420:"The World's Oldest Tattoos"
3304:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.007
3285:"The world's oldest tattoos"
2674:Russian and Soviet criminals
2534:patented the first electric
2463:King Alexander of Yugoslavia
2384:It was in Tahiti aboard the
1731:
1556:
889:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
633:
7:
8382:
8037:Rubin, Arnold, ed. (1988).
7600:Quarterly Journal of Speech
7548:Journal of American Culture
7233:Harvey, Ian (12 May 2017).
7163:Rubin, Arnold, ed. (1988).
7130:Journal of American Culture
7021:Dawley, Martina M. (2020),
6910:10.1177/1357034X02008004005
5310:10.1007/978-3-030-86566-5_6
5094:; Trussel, Stephen (2010).
4835:"Tattoos in the Cordillera"
4468:Bellwood, Peter S. (1997).
4435:Journal of World Prehistory
2345:. Jeoly was displayed as a
2224:, Philippines exhibited by
2004:may have been tattooed (or
1914:woman from Ethiopia with a
1561:
590:Haudenosaunee Confederation
10:
8767:
8541:
3917:Drawing with Great Needles
3390:Arriaza, Bernardo (1988).
3345:. Smithsonian Science News
3178:United States Marine Corps
3172:United States Marine Corps
2574:In the early United States
2507:19th century United States
2146:
2036:Norman conquest of England
1941:
1832:of Lower Nubia during the
1610:
1587:
1576:
946:
940:
842:
765:
662:Cemeteries throughout the
657:Zhejiang Provincial Museum
511:
482:nations. However, through
181:depiction of the tattoos (
26:clay figure from Romania,
8712:
8656:
8595:
8550:
8522:
8474:
8452:
8400:
8354:
8324:
8232:
8225:
8177:
8146:
8095:
7937:The world atlas of tattoo
7467:World of Forensic Science
7006:SCHRADER, ABBY M (2000).
6881:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6861:Buzzworthy Tattoo History
6251:"Etching of Prince Giolo"
6073:"Slavery in ancient Rome"
5831:The world atlas of tattoo
5384:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.002
5006:10.33137/ijidi.v3i2.32593
4839:Philippine Daily Inquirer
4799:Francia, Luis H. (2013).
4234:10.1017/S0032247406005341
3561:. I.B.Tauris. p. 3.
3165:United States Coast Guard
3159:United States Coast Guard
2515:in the United States was
1964:
1736:
1532:of Kalimantan in Borneo (
874:
809:Government of Meiji Japan
750:
703:
233:Islander Southeast Asians
8568:Nazi concentration camps
8336:Bosnia and Herzegovina (
8226:Traditions and practices
7293:27 February 2012 at the
7222:– via NYTimes.com.
6511:Sinclair, A. T. (1908).
6334:Jaldon, Andrew "Iñigo".
6249:Savage, John (c. 1692).
6057:Carmona, Michel (2002).
6036:Treharne, Elaine. 2012.
5134:Journal of Roman Studies
4259:. Canada: Inhabit Media.
4038:Harriot, Thomas (1590).
3732:. Ethnic Jewels Magazine
3200:
2998:At the beginning of the
2995:more sordid depictions.
2844:images, such as skulls,
1902:
1775:
1768:(the baths), there were
1632:
1332:Francisco Ignacio Alcina
1286:(feminized men, usually
761:
684:several tattooed mummies
638:
538:of the eastern Canadian
507:
8532:Ancient Egyptian/Nubian
8409:
8259:
8243:
7958:Gilbert, Steve (2000).
7886:DeMello, Margo (2000).
7455:, 621 F. 3d 1051 (2010)
7188:DeMello, Margo (2000).
6517:American Anthropologist
6394:nationalarchives.gov.uk
4876:Southeast Asian Studies
4778:2027/mdp.39015008001532
4351:Gilbert, Steve (2000).
3555:Julian Baldick (2013).
3137:United States Air Force
2970:American Anthropologist
2690:needles and India Ink.
2301:. Visayan people are a
1992:, who was found in the
1365:is their tattoos and a
834:Mainland Southeast Asia
776:A tattooed man's back,
498:St. Lawrence Iroquoians
476:Joseph François Lafitau
8496:
8485:
8461:
8439:
8428:
8420:
8363:
8338:
8304:
8296:
8270:
8133:Religious perspectives
7788:"Marine Corps Tattoos"
6804:"The Tattooing Artist"
6682:"Sutherland Macdonald"
6652:Tom Brown's Schooldays
6111:. Catholic News Agency
4514:Wilcken, Lane (2010).
4323:. 1998. Archived from
3077:
2987:
2948:
2879:
2698:The Tattoo Renaissance
2659:
2658:Former Soviet Prisoner
2590:
2585:, one of the earliest
2554:
2276:
2229:
2164:
1919:
1878:
1859:, wrote an article on
1697:
1603:
1574:
1525:
1513:Malaysia and Indonesia
1412:
1386:
1344:
1257:
1245:
1099:Tattoos were known as
1097:
1034:
970:
953:Visayans § Tattoo
896:
819:
783:
740:claimed the mother of
659:
631:
523:
494:
472:
422:
361:Bosnia and Herzegovina
313:Pre-Columbian Americas
212:
171:
34:
8746:Art history by medium
8178:Process and technique
7412:"The Reliable Source"
7116:Maine Sunday Telegram
6221:10.1353/jem.2006.0002
6171:10.1353/jem.2006.0002
4888:10.20495/seas.8.2_259
3075:
3011:, under the order of
2985:
2946:
2870:
2657:
2581:
2552:
2333:, the last surviving
2254:
2219:
2154:
2040:William of Malmesbury
1910:
1874:
1684:
1597:
1569:
1520:
1391:
1346:
1334:depicting a tattooed
1326:An illustration from
1325:
1290:); otherwise being a
1252:1896 illustration of
1251:
1232:
1078:
1021:
960:
882:
839:Thailand and Cambodia
817:
775:
646:
617:
563:Alethea Arnaquq-Baril
521:
492:
467:
416:
367:), and women of some
177:
162:
21:
8217:Process of tattooing
6383:Mutiny on the Bounty
5078:Archaeology Magazine
5060:rajaampatdoberai.com
4076:puffin.creighton.edu
3814:Lars Krutak (2005).
3791:Lars Krutak (2010).
3705:lars Krutak (2010).
3682:Lars Krutak (2008).
3659:Lars Krutak (2005).
2864:slurs by strangers.
2823:released a tattooed
2650:Russian gang culture
2538:, a modification of
2525:Sutherland Macdonald
2355:University of Oxford
2044:Gesta Regum Anglorum
1975:Löwenmensch figurine
1471:Spanish colonial era
1319:) to show them off.
1218:) among the various
912:Austronesian peoples
628:, Decade III, Book X
329:Paleo-Balkan peoples
295:(North Africa); the
229:Taiwanese Aborigines
8613:Chinese calligraphy
8020:The Japanese tattoo
7813:"New Tattoo Policy"
7416:The Washington Post
6792:. 12 November 2013.
6429:tattoohistorian.com
5908:10.1038/nature07995
5900:2009Natur.459..248C
5376:2018JArSc..92..116F
4395:vanishingtattoo.com
4327:on 13 December 2012
4161:2018JArSR..20..881G
2669:corporal punishment
2595:American Revolution
2494:groups. Two peers,
2485:20th century Europe
2433:19th century Europe
2123:(κεντεῖν) replaced
2092:. In 316, emperor
1983:Venus of Hohle Fels
1851:that were found at
1845:priestess of Hathor
1828:as well as Egypt's
1728:in Samoan culture.
1501:highlands, and the
1063:Magellan expedition
1041:remains of various
891:were banned during
607:in their lifetime.
502:Fernvale, Tennessee
474:From 1712 to 1717,
403:St. Lawrence Island
307:people of Nigeria;
217:Austronesian people
8720:European countries
8596:Styles and designs
7727:. 10 January 2017.
7656:10.1093/ips/oly018
7287:Freaks & Flash
6898:Body & Society
6688:on 3 November 2013
6629:Stonyhurst College
6085:on 28 October 2021
5951:10.1017/eaa.2024.5
5200:persian-tattoo.com
5181:persian-tattoo.com
5030:Philippine Studies
4698:Humanities Diliman
4658:Asian Perspectives
4447:10.1007/bf02221119
3957:American Antiquity
3818:. Vanishing Tattoo
3795:. Vanishing Tattoo
3751:Ozongwu, Melinda.
3709:. Vanishing Tattoo
3686:. Vanishing Tattoo
3663:. Vanishing Tattoo
3194:United States Navy
3188:United States Navy
3152:United States Army
3146:United States Army
3078:
3068:Modern times/2000s
2988:
2961:Prince Constantine
2953:Martin Hildebrandt
2949:
2880:
2814:Freaks & Flash
2660:
2591:
2555:
2521:American Civil War
2517:Martin Hildebrandt
2230:
2175:style. The Man of
2165:
1920:
1866:pelvic peritonitis
1840:Valley tradition.
1753:Persian literature
1698:
1689:man with tattoos (
1604:
1579:Rapa Nui tattooing
1575:
1526:
1413:
1345:
1258:
1246:
1224:Proto-Austronesian
1198:among the various
1090:Francisco Colins,
1035:
971:
961:A 1908 photo of a
897:
820:
784:
756:jing zhong bao guo
660:
594:The people of the
524:
495:
427:skin modifications
423:
213:
172:
150:Chinchorro mummies
35:
8733:
8732:
8725:the United States
8591:
8590:
8380:Khmer/Laos/Thai (
8108:Body modification
8048:978-0-930741-12-9
8029:978-0-8348-0228-5
8003:978-1-57687-613-8
7976:978-1-890451-06-6
7950:978-0-300210-48-4
7926:978-1-4773-0211-8
7902:978-0-8223-2467-6
7878:978-0-691-05723-1
7573:Guenter, Scot M.
7388:978-0-8147-6000-0
7363:978-0-8147-6000-0
7271:978-1-89045-100-4
7204:978-0-8223-2467-6
7174:978-0-930741-12-9
6741:BBC News Magazine
6572:978-0-691-05722-4
6468:978-0-691-05723-1
6346:on 21 August 2012
6025:978-0-140-45507-6
5894:(7244): 248–252.
5859:"Der Löwenmensch"
5844:978-0-300210-48-4
5755:. 25 October 2018
5719:Bendaas, Yasmin.
5693:. 27 October 2021
5494:criminocorpus.org
5475:978-0-930741-12-9
5319:978-3-030-86566-5
5279:978-1-61069-076-8
4479:978-0-8248-1883-8
4369:978-1-890451-06-6
4124:. Cinema Politica
4078:. 11 August 2014.
3867:Kultura Popullore
3477:978-1-4073-0034-4
2740:designs known as
2620:protection papers
2603:protection papers
2471:King Alfonso XIII
2362:Cook's expedition
2228:in London in 1691
2042:describes in his
1971:Upper Paleolithic
1861:medical tattooing
1818:ancient Egyptians
1661:₃ referring to a
1584:Marquesas Islands
1059:Antonio Pigafetta
914:, which includes
653:para-Austronesian
170:tattooing culture
124:Ancient practices
51:4th millennium BC
47:Upper Paleolithic
8758:
8504:
8501:
8493:
8490:
8466:
8459:Kurdish/Yazidi (
8444:
8433:
8425:
8414:
8387:
8371:
8368:
8346:
8343:
8309:
8301:
8275:
8264:
8248:
8230:
8229:
8164:Permanent makeup
8081:
8074:
8067:
8058:
8057:
8052:
8033:
8007:
7995:
7980:
7968:
7965:
7954:
7942:
7930:
7918:
7906:
7894:
7882:
7870:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7819:
7809:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7784:
7775:
7774:
7768:
7760:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7749:
7735:
7729:
7728:
7721:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7695:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7674:
7666:
7660:
7659:
7635:
7616:
7615:
7595:
7586:
7585:
7579:
7570:
7564:
7563:
7543:
7502:
7501:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7462:
7456:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7434:
7426:
7420:
7419:
7408:
7402:
7399:
7393:
7392:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7327:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7304:
7298:
7282:
7276:
7275:
7254:
7243:
7242:
7230:
7224:
7223:
7215:
7209:
7208:
7196:
7185:
7179:
7178:
7160:
7154:
7153:
7125:
7119:
7108:
7102:
7098:
7092:
7091:
7072:
7066:
7065:
7037:
7026:
7025:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7003:
6997:
6994:
6988:
6987:
6984:common-place.org
6976:
6970:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6949:
6948:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6893:
6887:
6886:
6880:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6855:Nyssen, Carmen.
6852:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6841:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6800:
6794:
6793:
6782:
6776:
6775:
6763:
6757:
6751:
6745:
6744:
6732:
6726:
6724:
6716:
6710:
6704:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6684:. Archived from
6678:
6672:
6670:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6642:
6636:
6621:
6615:
6609:
6603:
6600:
6594:
6593:
6583:
6577:
6576:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6460:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6405:
6396:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6342:. Archived from
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6305:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6276:
6270:
6260:
6254:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6204:
6191:
6190:
6154:
6148:
6147:
6127:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6107:Mena, Adelaide.
6104:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6090:
6081:. Archived from
6069:
6063:
6062:
6054:
6048:
6034:
6028:
6013:
6007:
6006:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5836:
5825:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5779:www.albawaba.com
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5753:Associated Press
5745:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5716:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5683:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5650:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5615:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5519:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5461:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5425:
5404:
5403:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5293:
5284:
5283:
5263:
5252:
5251:
5243:
5237:
5236:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5129:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5088:
5082:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5062:. 15 March 2015.
5052:
5046:
5045:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5008:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4916:. 28 August 2012
4906:
4900:
4899:
4867:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4830:
4815:
4814:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4689:
4674:
4673:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4634:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4597:
4591:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4555:
4530:
4529:
4511:
4484:
4483:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4361:
4358:
4348:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4298:
4283:
4282:
4274:
4261:
4260:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4228:(222): 187–204.
4217:
4202:
4201:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4117:
4098:
4097:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4053:
4044:
4043:
4035:
4022:
4021:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3952:
3943:
3942:
3934:
3921:
3920:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3759:. Archived from
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3603:. Archived from
3588:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3520:
3509:
3508:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3462:
3451:
3450:
3424:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3396:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3289:
3280:
3261:
3260:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3219:
3113:As of 2022, the
3000:Second World War
2768:Playboy Playmate
2553:Nora Hildebrandt
2467:Tsar Nicholas II
2274:
2212:"Painted Prince"
2117:Byzantine period
2031:Ahmad ibn Fadlan
1936:Ptolemaic period
1695:
1692:
1590:Marquesan tattoo
1493:highlands, some
1410:
1407:
1384:
1355:Christ crucified
1311:giant centipedes
1095:
1092:Labor Evangelica
1032:
1029:
1022:Illustration of
1001:material culture
997:Cagayan Province
845:Yantra tattooing
782:
779:
753:
752:
706:
705:
629:
455:Jesuit Relations
359:), Catholics in
325:Iron Age Britain
309:Native Americans
206:
203:
111:
108:
32:
29:
24:Cucuteni culture
8766:
8765:
8761:
8760:
8759:
8757:
8756:
8755:
8736:
8735:
8734:
8729:
8708:
8657:Bodily location
8652:
8587:
8546:
8518:
8502:
8491:
8476:Native American
8470:
8448:
8396:
8369:
8350:
8344:
8320:
8221:
8173:
8142:
8091:
8085:
8055:
8049:
8030:
8004:
7993:
7985:Mifflin, Margot
7977:
7966:
7951:
7940:
7927:
7916:
7903:
7892:
7879:
7868:
7854:
7852:Further reading
7849:
7839:
7837:
7832:
7831:
7827:
7817:
7815:
7811:
7810:
7806:
7796:
7794:
7786:
7785:
7778:
7766:
7762:
7761:
7757:
7747:
7745:
7737:
7736:
7732:
7723:
7722:
7718:
7708:
7706:
7696:
7692:
7682:
7680:
7672:
7668:
7667:
7663:
7636:
7619:
7596:
7589:
7577:
7571:
7567:
7544:
7505:
7486:
7482:
7463:
7459:
7451:
7447:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7428:
7427:
7423:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7400:
7396:
7389:
7375:
7371:
7364:
7350:
7346:
7336:
7334:
7329:
7328:
7324:
7314:
7312:
7305:
7301:
7295:Wayback Machine
7283:
7279:
7272:
7258:Mifflin, Margot
7255:
7246:
7231:
7227:
7216:
7212:
7205:
7194:
7186:
7182:
7175:
7161:
7157:
7126:
7122:
7109:
7105:
7101:Pages: 461–467.
7099:
7095:
7076:"LIFE Magazine"
7074:
7073:
7069:
7038:
7029:
7019:
7015:
7004:
7000:
6995:
6991:
6978:
6977:
6973:
6968:
6964:
6956:
6952:
6945:
6929:
6925:
6894:
6890:
6874:
6873:
6866:
6864:
6853:
6849:
6839:
6837:
6827:
6823:
6813:
6811:
6802:
6801:
6797:
6784:
6783:
6779:
6764:
6760:
6752:
6748:
6733:
6729:
6717:
6713:
6705:
6701:
6691:
6689:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6663:
6659:
6644:A schoolboy at
6643:
6639:
6622:
6618:
6610:
6606:
6601:
6597:
6584:
6580:
6573:
6557:
6553:
6542:
6538:
6509:
6505:
6495:
6493:
6480:
6476:
6469:
6458:
6447:
6443:
6433:
6431:
6421:
6417:
6406:
6399:
6380:
6376:
6363:
6359:
6349:
6347:
6332:
6328:
6318:
6316:
6306:
6299:
6289:
6287:
6277:
6273:
6261:
6257:
6248:
6244:
6205:
6194:
6155:
6151:
6144:
6128:
6124:
6114:
6112:
6105:
6101:
6088:
6086:
6078:Museo Británico
6071:
6070:
6066:
6055:
6051:
6035:
6031:
6014:
6010:
5987:
5983:
5973:
5971:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5935:
5931:
5882:
5878:
5868:
5866:
5865:on 19 July 2011
5857:
5856:
5852:
5845:
5834:
5826:
5819:
5809:
5807:
5797:
5793:
5783:
5781:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5758:
5756:
5747:
5746:
5739:
5729:
5727:
5717:
5706:
5696:
5694:
5685:
5684:
5673:
5663:
5661:
5651:
5638:
5628:
5626:
5624:www.newarab.com
5616:
5605:
5595:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5583:
5564:
5560:
5545:
5541:
5531:
5529:
5521:
5520:
5513:
5505:
5501:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5476:
5462:
5455:
5447:10.5334/pia.200
5426:
5407:
5356:
5352:
5345:Middle East Eye
5337:
5333:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5294:
5287:
5280:
5264:
5255:
5244:
5240:
5229:
5225:
5218:Middle East Eye
5212:
5211:
5207:
5194:Hamed, Payman.
5192:
5188:
5175:Hamed, Payman.
5173:
5169:
5130:
5115:
5105:
5103:
5089:
5085:
5073:"World Roundup"
5071:
5067:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5026:
5022:
4985:
4981:
4971:
4969:
4959:
4955:
4945:
4943:
4933:
4929:
4919:
4917:
4914:GMA News Online
4908:
4907:
4903:
4868:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4831:
4818:
4811:
4797:
4793:
4766:
4762:
4731:
4727:
4713:
4709:
4690:
4677:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4632:
4624:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4556:
4533:
4526:
4512:
4487:
4480:
4466:
4462:
4431:
4427:
4420:臺灣原住民族歷史語言文化大辭典
4414:
4413:
4409:
4399:
4397:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4359:
4349:
4340:
4330:
4328:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4299:
4286:
4275:
4264:
4253:
4249:
4218:
4205:
4182:
4178:
4141:
4137:
4127:
4125:
4118:
4101:
4090:
4083:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4054:
4047:
4036:
4025:
4010:
3996:
3992:
3953:
3946:
3935:
3924:
3913:
3906:
3895:
3891:
3862:
3858:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3763:on 6 April 2020
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3640:on 20 July 2015
3628:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3610:on 6 April 2018
3607:
3601:
3586:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3521:
3512:
3505:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3463:
3454:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3394:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3362:
3358:
3348:
3346:
3339:
3335:
3326:
3324:
3315:
3311:
3287:
3281:
3264:
3249:
3235:
3231:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3203:
3190:
3174:
3161:
3148:
3139:
3134:
3111:
3106:
3098:
3070:
3025:
3023:Post World Wars
2980:
2965:Samuel O'Reilly
2941:
2913:First Amendment
2905:Serenity Prayer
2889:Feminist theory
2883:present times.
2735:members of the
2700:
2683:
2652:
2587:Tattooed Ladies
2576:
2567:Betty Broadbent
2563:Tattooed Ladies
2532:Samuel O'Reilly
2509:
2487:
2435:
2411:
2364:
2275:
2267:William Dampier
2265:
2259:Jerusalem Cross
2250:William Dampier
2226:William Dampier
2214:
2206:William Lithgow
2202:Jerusalem cross
2194:
2189:
2149:
2103:The Greek verb
2082:The Greek Myths
2076:. According to
2059:
2057:Greece and Rome
2051:Baron Haussmann
1990:Ötzi the Iceman
1967:
1944:
1905:
1890:Meroitic Period
1879:
1814:
1812:Egypt and Nubia
1809:
1800:
1787:
1778:
1739:
1734:
1693:
1685:Back view of a
1635:
1615:
1609:
1592:
1586:
1581:
1564:
1559:
1546:
1544:Solomon Islands
1538:Mentawai people
1515:
1503:Sulodnon people
1446:), or even pig
1444:sugarcane juice
1408:
1385:
1375:
1152:Bicolano people
1096:
1089:
1030:
989:Batanes Islands
955:
945:
937:
877:
872:
847:
841:
836:
780:
770:
764:
641:
636:
630:
624:
613:
611:Central America
592:
579:
555:oral traditions
516:
510:
484:oral traditions
387:
382:
377:
279:of Japan; some
245:Malagasy people
204:
126:
120:South America.
114:Pazyryk culture
109:
55:Ötzi the Iceman
30:
12:
11:
5:
8764:
8754:
8753:
8748:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8727:
8722:
8716:
8714:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8660:
8658:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8603:Black-and-gray
8599:
8597:
8593:
8592:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8554:
8552:
8551:Other contexts
8548:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8528:
8526:
8520:
8519:
8517:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8480:
8478:
8472:
8471:
8469:
8468:
8456:
8454:
8453:Middle Eastern
8450:
8449:
8447:
8446:
8435:
8416:
8404:
8402:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8378:
8373:
8358:
8356:
8355:Mainland Asian
8352:
8351:
8349:
8348:
8334:
8328:
8326:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8318:
8311:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8266:
8255:
8250:
8238:
8236:
8227:
8223:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8203:
8202:
8192:
8187:
8181:
8179:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8150:
8148:
8144:
8143:
8141:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8123:Health effects
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8099:
8097:
8093:
8092:
8084:
8083:
8076:
8069:
8061:
8054:
8053:
8047:
8034:
8028:
8012:Richie, Donald
8008:
8002:
7981:
7975:
7955:
7949:
7931:
7925:
7907:
7901:
7883:
7877:
7862:, ed. (2000).
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7847:
7836:. 9 March 2016
7825:
7804:
7776:
7755:
7730:
7716:
7690:
7661:
7650:(4): 346–361.
7617:
7606:(3): 534–558.
7587:
7565:
7503:
7480:
7457:
7445:
7421:
7403:
7394:
7387:
7369:
7362:
7344:
7322:
7299:
7277:
7270:
7244:
7239:thevintagenews
7225:
7210:
7203:
7180:
7173:
7155:
7120:
7103:
7093:
7067:
7027:
7013:
6998:
6989:
6971:
6962:
6950:
6944:978-1933108261
6943:
6923:
6888:
6847:
6821:
6795:
6777:
6758:
6746:
6727:
6711:
6699:
6673:
6657:
6654:. Vol. 2.
6637:
6625:Tichborne case
6616:
6604:
6595:
6578:
6571:
6551:
6536:
6523:(3): 361–386.
6503:
6491:larskrutak.com
6474:
6467:
6452:, ed. (2000).
6441:
6415:
6397:
6374:
6357:
6326:
6297:
6271:
6255:
6242:
6192:
6149:
6142:
6122:
6099:
6064:
6049:
6029:
6008:
5997:(3): 273–292.
5981:
5956:
5929:
5876:
5850:
5843:
5817:
5791:
5766:
5737:
5704:
5671:
5636:
5603:
5581:
5558:
5539:
5511:
5499:
5481:
5474:
5453:
5405:
5350:
5331:
5318:
5285:
5278:
5253:
5238:
5223:
5205:
5186:
5167:
5146:10.2307/300578
5113:
5083:
5065:
5047:
5036:(4): 401–436.
5020:
4979:
4953:
4927:
4901:
4882:(2): 259–294.
4851:
4816:
4809:
4791:
4760:
4741:(3): 407–420.
4725:
4707:
4675:
4664:(2): 229–264.
4648:
4641:
4618:
4605:Aswang Project
4592:
4575:
4568:
4531:
4524:
4485:
4478:
4460:
4441:(4): 453–510.
4425:
4407:
4382:
4368:
4338:
4308:
4284:
4262:
4247:
4203:
4176:
4135:
4099:
4081:
4063:
4045:
4023:
4008:
3990:
3969:10.2307/279329
3963:(4): 433–437.
3944:
3922:
3904:
3889:
3856:
3845:(3): 273–292.
3829:
3806:
3783:
3774:
3757:This Is Africa
3743:
3720:
3697:
3674:
3651:
3630:"Maori Tattoo"
3621:
3599:
3574:
3567:
3547:
3540:
3510:
3503:
3483:
3476:
3452:
3410:
3382:
3356:
3333:
3323:, RedOrbit.com
3309:
3262:
3247:
3229:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3189:
3186:
3173:
3170:
3160:
3157:
3147:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3126:sailor tattoos
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:United Kingdom
3102:
3097:
3094:
3069:
3066:
3046:Freddy Negrete
3024:
3021:
3004:Charles Wagner
2979:
2976:
2940:
2937:
2893:Margot Mifflin
2872:Vladimír Franz
2737:counterculture
2699:
2696:
2682:
2679:
2667:experience of
2651:
2648:
2575:
2572:
2536:tattoo machine
2508:
2505:
2491:House of Lords
2486:
2483:
2478:class division
2434:
2431:
2423:sailor tattoos
2410:
2407:
2363:
2360:
2305:native to the
2263:
2213:
2210:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2148:
2145:
2139:"stamps," and
2098:Late Antiquity
2058:
2055:
1966:
1963:
1943:
1940:
1904:
1901:
1873:
1853:Deir el-Bahari
1834:Middle Kingdom
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1786:
1785:Ottoman Empire
1783:
1777:
1774:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1671:Samoan Islands
1653:, coming from
1634:
1631:
1611:Main article:
1608:
1605:
1602:warrior (1813)
1588:Main article:
1585:
1582:
1577:Main article:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1545:
1542:
1514:
1511:
1373:
1268:, and Ilocano
1220:Manobo peoples
1206:(also spelled
1200:Igorot peoples
1190:(also spelled
1168:Ilocano people
1136:Tagalog people
1127:(compare with
1113:Visayan people
1087:
1047:hanging coffin
1043:Igorot peoples
941:Main article:
936:
933:
876:
873:
871:
868:
843:Main article:
840:
837:
835:
832:
766:Main article:
763:
760:
738:Chinese legend
640:
637:
635:
632:
622:
612:
609:
591:
588:
578:
575:
536:Inuit language
512:Main article:
509:
506:
448:Gabriel Sagard
435:Thomas Harriot
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
125:
122:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8763:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8743:
8741:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8717:
8715:
8711:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8655:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8623:Nautical star
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8600:
8598:
8594:
8584:
8583:Tattooed lady
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8553:
8549:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8527:
8525:
8524:North African
8521:
8515:
8514:Haudenosaunee
8512:
8510:
8507:
8500:
8499:
8489:
8488:
8482:
8481:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8465:
8464:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8451:
8443:
8442:
8436:
8432:
8431:
8424:
8423:
8417:
8413:
8412:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8399:
8393:
8390:
8386:
8385:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8367:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8353:
8342:
8341:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8329:
8327:
8323:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8307:
8300:
8299:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8274:
8273:
8267:
8263:
8262:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8247:
8246:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8235:
8231:
8228:
8224:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8176:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8149:
8145:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8098:
8094:
8090:and tattooing
8089:
8082:
8077:
8075:
8070:
8068:
8063:
8062:
8059:
8050:
8044:
8040:
8035:
8031:
8025:
8021:
8017:
8013:
8009:
8005:
7999:
7992:
7991:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7972:
7964:
7963:
7956:
7952:
7946:
7939:
7938:
7932:
7928:
7922:
7915:
7914:
7908:
7904:
7898:
7891:
7890:
7884:
7880:
7874:
7867:
7866:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7835:
7829:
7814:
7808:
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7781:
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7759:
7744:
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7694:
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7657:
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7649:
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7641:
7634:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7624:
7622:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7594:
7592:
7583:
7576:
7569:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
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7516:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7484:
7476:
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7468:
7461:
7454:
7449:
7431:
7425:
7417:
7413:
7407:
7398:
7390:
7384:
7380:
7373:
7365:
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7348:
7332:
7326:
7311:. News.com.au
7310:
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7296:
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7288:
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7273:
7267:
7263:
7259:
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7249:
7240:
7236:
7229:
7221:
7214:
7206:
7200:
7193:
7192:
7184:
7176:
7170:
7166:
7159:
7151:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7136:(2): 153–65.
7135:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7113:
7112:David Beckham
7107:
7097:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7077:
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7063:
7059:
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7047:
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7017:
7009:
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6993:
6985:
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6975:
6966:
6959:
6954:
6946:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6927:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6904:(4): 91–107.
6903:
6899:
6892:
6884:
6878:
6862:
6858:
6851:
6836:
6835:Atlas Obscura
6832:
6825:
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6330:
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6268:1-86189-062-1
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6184:
6180:
6176:
6172:
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6164:
6160:
6153:
6145:
6143:9781351958813
6139:
6136:. Routledge.
6135:
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6110:
6103:
6096:
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6074:
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6060:
6053:
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5614:
5612:
5610:
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5591:
5585:
5577:
5573:
5569:
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5551:(in French).
5550:
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5139:
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5120:
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5101:
5097:
5093:
5092:Blust, Robert
5087:
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4810:9781468315455
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4569:9789715501354
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4525:9780764336027
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4077:
4073:
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4032:
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4009:9780292749139
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3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
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3958:
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3787:
3778:
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3662:
3655:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3606:
3602:
3600:9780814789209
3596:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3568:9781780763668
3564:
3560:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3541:9780295742847
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3524:Furey, Louise
3519:
3517:
3515:
3506:
3504:9780520273306
3500:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3473:
3469:
3461:
3459:
3457:
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3428:
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3406:
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3401:
3393:
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3344:
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3322:
3321:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
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3254:
3250:
3248:9780295742823
3244:
3240:
3233:
3225:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3198:
3195:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3176:In 2016, the
3169:
3166:
3156:
3153:
3143:
3132:United States
3129:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
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3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2984:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2933:gang cultures
2930:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2917:Ninth Circuit
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2852:or cute (ex.
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2837:transgressive
2834:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2793:
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2776:
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2769:
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2761:
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2714:
2710:
2706:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:Thomas Edison
2537:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2489:In 1969, the
2482:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2430:
2426:
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2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2356:
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2344:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:burial mounds
2162:
2158:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:. During the
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:Constantine I
2091:
2087:
2086:Mediterranean
2083:
2079:
2078:Robert Graves
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2014:Julius Caesar
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1804:
1798:Bedouin Arabs
1795:
1792:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1746:classical era
1743:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:Proto-Oceanic
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1601:
1598:Tattoos on a
1596:
1591:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1554:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:Igorot people
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1464:scarification
1460:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1377:Pedro Chirino
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1296:Manobo people
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1007:beaters, and
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:ethnic groups
978:
977:
968:
964:
959:
954:
950:
944:
939:
932:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
901:Atayal people
894:
893:Japanese rule
890:
886:
881:
867:
865:
861:
857:
852:
846:
831:
829:
825:
816:
812:
810:
805:
803:
802:
796:
793:
789:
774:
769:
759:
757:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:
725:
721:
717:
712:
710:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
658:
654:
650:
645:
627:
621:
616:
608:
606:
601:
597:
596:Haudenosaunee
587:
584:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:Inuit culture
556:
551:
547:
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
520:
515:
505:
503:
499:
491:
487:
485:
479:
477:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
415:
411:
408:
404:
400:
394:
391:
385:North America
372:
371:communities.
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:, as well as
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
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251:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
199:
198:
193:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
169:
165:
161:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
121:
119:
118:Pre-Columbian
115:
104:
103:ancient Egypt
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:western China
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
25:
20:
16:
8713:Legal status
8392:South Korean
8234:Austronesian
8212:Microblading
8127:
8038:
8019:
7989:
7961:
7936:
7912:
7888:
7864:
7860:Caplan, Jane
7838:. Retrieved
7828:
7816:. Retrieved
7807:
7795:. Retrieved
7791:
7770:
7758:
7746:. Retrieved
7742:
7733:
7719:
7709:23 September
7707:. Retrieved
7704:Museum Crush
7703:
7693:
7683:23 September
7681:. Retrieved
7676:
7664:
7647:
7643:
7603:
7599:
7581:
7568:
7554:(1): 30–37.
7551:
7547:
7498:CX3451601257
7489:
7483:
7475:CX3448300549
7466:
7460:
7448:
7436:. Retrieved
7424:
7415:
7406:
7397:
7378:
7372:
7353:
7347:
7335:. Retrieved
7325:
7313:. Retrieved
7302:
7286:
7280:
7261:
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6983:
6974:
6965:
6953:
6933:
6926:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6865:. Retrieved
6860:
6850:
6838:. Retrieved
6834:
6824:
6812:. Retrieved
6807:
6798:
6789:
6780:
6771:
6761:
6753:
6749:
6740:
6730:
6721:Country Life
6720:
6714:
6706:
6702:
6690:. Retrieved
6686:the original
6676:
6667:Country Life
6666:
6660:
6651:
6640:
6632:
6619:
6611:
6607:
6598:
6588:
6581:
6561:
6554:
6545:
6539:
6520:
6516:
6506:
6496:20 September
6494:. Retrieved
6490:
6483:Krutak, Lars
6477:
6454:
6450:Caplan, Jane
6444:
6434:19 September
6432:. Retrieved
6428:
6418:
6409:
6377:
6367:
6360:
6348:. Retrieved
6344:the original
6339:
6329:
6317:. Retrieved
6314:EliteReaders
6313:
6288:. Retrieved
6284:
6274:
6258:
6245:
6215:(1): 31–50.
6212:
6208:
6165:(1): 31–50.
6162:
6158:
6152:
6132:
6125:
6113:. Retrieved
6102:
6094:
6087:. Retrieved
6083:the original
6076:
6067:
6058:
6052:
6037:
6032:
6016:
6011:
5994:
5990:
5984:
5972:. Retrieved
5969:RedOrbit.com
5968:
5959:
5942:
5932:
5891:
5885:
5879:
5867:. Retrieved
5863:the original
5853:
5830:
5808:. Retrieved
5804:
5794:
5782:. Retrieved
5778:
5769:
5757:. Retrieved
5752:
5728:. Retrieved
5724:
5695:. Retrieved
5690:
5662:. Retrieved
5658:
5627:. Retrieved
5623:
5594:. Retrieved
5584:
5576:CX3427500563
5567:
5561:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5530:. Retrieved
5526:
5502:
5493:
5484:
5465:
5437:
5433:
5367:
5363:
5353:
5344:
5334:
5323:, retrieved
5301:
5268:
5247:
5241:
5232:
5226:
5217:
5208:
5199:
5189:
5180:
5170:
5137:
5133:
5104:. Retrieved
5099:
5086:
5077:
5068:
5059:
5050:
5033:
5029:
5023:
4996:
4992:
4982:
4970:. Retrieved
4966:
4956:
4944:. Retrieved
4940:
4930:
4918:. Retrieved
4913:
4904:
4879:
4875:
4842:. Retrieved
4838:
4800:
4794:
4769:
4763:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4718:
4710:
4701:
4697:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4628:
4621:
4609:. Retrieved
4607:. 4 May 2017
4604:
4595:
4586:
4559:
4518:. Schiffer.
4515:
4469:
4463:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4419:
4410:
4400:21 September
4398:. Retrieved
4394:
4385:
4373:. Retrieved
4354:
4329:. Retrieved
4325:the original
4311:
4302:
4278:
4256:
4250:
4225:
4222:Polar Record
4221:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4128:29 September
4126:. Retrieved
4093:
4075:
4066:
4057:
4039:
3999:
3993:
3960:
3956:
3938:
3916:
3898:
3892:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3820:. Retrieved
3809:
3797:. Retrieved
3786:
3777:
3765:. Retrieved
3761:the original
3756:
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3723:
3711:. Retrieved
3700:
3688:. Retrieved
3677:
3665:. Retrieved
3654:
3642:. Retrieved
3638:the original
3633:
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3605:the original
3590:
3577:
3557:
3550:
3531:
3493:
3486:
3467:
3430:
3426:
3413:
3404:
3398:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3359:
3347:. Retrieved
3336:
3325:, retrieved
3319:
3312:
3295:
3291:
3238:
3232:
3223:
3217:
3204:
3191:
3182:
3175:
3162:
3149:
3140:
3119:
3112:
3099:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3054:Janis Joplin
3026:
3013:Adolf Hitler
2997:
2989:
2968:
2957:P. T. Barnum
2950:
2921:
2909:
2901:Theresa Vail
2885:
2881:
2829:
2818:
2813:
2806:tattoo flash
2803:
2796:
2790:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2758:
2733:
2725:Janis Joplin
2721:
2717:Don Ed Hardy
2701:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2661:
2644:
2617:
2613:
2592:
2556:
2544:electric pen
2529:
2510:
2496:Lord Teynham
2488:
2475:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2412:
2395:Joseph Banks
2392:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2365:
2343:Fleet Street
2339:
2334:
2296:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2270:
2255:
2231:
2195:
2166:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2081:
2080:in his book
2060:
2048:
2043:
2024:
2017:
1999:
1987:
1968:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1932:Coptic cross
1921:
1916:Coptic cross
1897:
1894:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1842:
1815:
1807:North Africa
1801:
1788:
1779:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1750:
1740:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1676:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1627:
1619:Māori people
1616:
1547:
1530:Dayak people
1527:
1495:Lumad people
1468:
1452:
1431:Austronesian
1428:
1416:
1414:
1380:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1347:
1338:
1327:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1291:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1237:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1139:
1134:) among the
1131:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1056:
1045:in cave and
1036:
985:Austronesian
974:
972:
966:
938:
909:
904:
898:
864:Khmer script
848:
821:
806:
799:
797:
785:
755:
729:Water Margin
727:
713:
695:Qing dynasty
688:
680:Shengjindian
661:
626:Peter Martyr
618:
614:
593:
583:Osage people
580:
577:Osage Nation
570:
549:
543:
525:
496:
480:
473:
468:
452:
438:
424:
418:
395:
388:
380:The Americas
281:Austroasians
274:
255:
248:
237:Micronesians
221:Indo-Pacific
214:
209:Austronesian
195:
189:
182:
168:Austronesian
127:
36:
15:
8648:Trash polka
8113:Conventions
8016:Buruma, Ian
7994:(Paperback)
7967:(Paperback)
7941:(Hardcover)
7917:(Paperback)
7893:(Paperback)
7869:(Paperback)
7792:marines.mil
7748:6 September
7195:(Paperback)
7048:: 319–344.
6692:13 November
6623:During the
6459:(Paperback)
6350:9 September
6319:9 September
6290:25 February
6115:9 September
5869:22 December
5835:(Hardcover)
5810:23 December
5784:23 December
5759:23 December
5730:23 December
5697:23 December
5664:23 December
5629:23 December
5370:: 116–125.
5140:: 139–155.
4704:(1): 74–94.
4360:(Paperback)
4155:: 881–887.
3822:18 February
3799:18 February
3690:18 February
3614:9 September
3349:19 December
3327:15 November
3058:Peter Fonda
3038:Lyle Tuttle
3034:Vietnam War
2992:World War I
2897:Harris poll
2825:Barbie doll
2775:pop culture
2754:Leo Zulueta
2750:avant-garde
2729:Lyle Tuttle
2709:Cliff Raven
2705:Lyle Tuttle
2662:Within the
2599:impressment
2597:, to avoid
2583:Maud Wagner
2452:Frederik IX
2317:that speak
2290:five wives.
2242:Philippines
2173:curvilinear
2137:characteres
2119:, the verb
2019:Gallic Wars
1979:Aurignacian
1883:Dynasty XII
1826:Upper Egypt
1791:Janissaries
1694: 1890
1645:. The word
1607:New Zealand
1571:Ana Eva Hei
1509:highlands.
1479:Moro people
1409: 1885
1236:, the last
1148:Kapampangan
1031: 1887
973:Tattooing (
935:Philippines
924:Polynesians
920:Indonesians
903:are called
870:Austronesia
862:or ancient
824:Ainu people
792:Paleolithic
781: 1875
664:Tarim Basin
567:Inuit women
565:has helped
542:, the word
277:Ainu people
262:Melanesians
241:Polynesians
225:headhunting
205: 1590
197:Boxer Codex
110: 2134
91:Philippines
31: 4900
8740:Categories
8689:Lower-back
8633:Old school
8628:New school
8437:Ryukyuan (
8411:Anchi-piri
8257:Filipino (
7584:: 205–214.
7438:9 February
6391:triskelion
6089:26 January
5725:Al Jazeera
5691:Africanews
5440:: 85–101.
5106:8 November
4803:. Abrams.
4192:: 103002.
3878:: 91–118.
3257:1006520865
3210:References
3115:Royal Navy
3109:Royal Navy
2978:World Wars
2862:homophobic
2764:Star Stowe
2624:birthmarks
2608:Royal Navy
2459:Wilhelm II
2448:Edward VII
2415:James Cook
2368:James Cook
2335:mambabatok
2234:James Cook
2198:Holy Lands
2192:Pilgrimage
2141:cicatrices
2131:including
1994:Ötz valley
1849:Dynasty XI
1830:annexation
1667:flying fox
1330:(1668) by
1303:apotropaic
1264:, Visayan
1238:mambabatok
1208:pa-ngo-túb
1166:among the
1144:Pangasinan
1142:among the
1111:among the
1009:lingling-o
947:See also:
883:Two elder
860:Mon script
744:(a famous
724:Lu Zhishen
716:Marco Polo
699:characters
443:John White
401:female on
243:, and the
142:figurative
8751:Tattooing
8664:Body suit
8638:Soundwave
8618:Five dots
8365:Htoe kwin
8361:Burmese (
8280:Marquesan
8169:Temporary
7132:(Print).
7088:0024-3019
6918:145369916
6754:The Times
6707:The Times
6633:The Times
6612:The Times
6237:159686056
6187:159686056
5924:205216692
5596:2 January
5400:133803914
5392:0305-4403
5162:162719864
5015:166544255
4896:202261104
4755:135043065
4455:153571840
4321:Macmillan
4242:131055453
4018:859154939
3985:162379206
3884:2309-5717
3874:(71–72).
3767:20 August
3634:Maori.com
3447:162580662
3433:: 19–24.
3298:: 19–24.
3050:Jack Rudy
3044:in 1970,
2919:in 2010.
2842:masculine
2792:Miami Ink
2713:Jack Rudy
2636:gunpowder
2465:and even
2446:followed
2419:Holy Land
2387:Endeavour
2372:Polynesia
2208:in 1612.
2143:"scars."
2135:"signs,"
2090:Leviticus
2006:scarified
1977:from the
1930:have the
1742:Herodotus
1732:West Asia
1711:Tattooing
1703:tattooing
1600:Nuku Hiva
1557:Polynesia
1404:tattoos (
1402:scarified
1396:man from
1266:binatakan
1204:pangotoeb
1052:Kankanaey
1039:mummified
1024:Kankanaey
1013:Polynesia
1005:barkcloth
916:Filipinos
718:wrote of
672:Qäwrighul
634:East Asia
532:Inuktitut
353:Albanians
337:Thracians
333:Illyrians
291:women of
285:Indochina
270:Melanesia
185:) of the
130:mummified
63:Greenland
39:Neolithic
8643:Teardrop
8608:Blackout
8563:Criminal
8498:Tavlugun
8487:Kakiniit
8430:Horimono
8418:Yamato (
8401:Japanese
8325:European
8313:Fijian (
8294:Samoan (
8290:Rapa Nui
8285:Mentawai
8268:Māori (
8241:Atayal (
8190:Cover-up
8103:Body art
8018:(1980).
7987:(2013).
7840:1 August
7818:1 August
7797:1 August
7743:army.mil
7291:Archived
7260:(1997).
7150:22737733
7062:25064856
6877:cite web
6790:BBC News
6772:BBC News
6485:(2015).
6340:IndioInk
6229:40339561
6179:40339561
5945:: 1–22.
5916:19444215
5532:4 August
5042:42720408
4963:"*beCik"
4937:"*patik"
4670:42928159
3526:(2017).
3400:Chungara
3042:Ed Hardy
3029:Marlboro
2929:piercing
2925:decedent
2850:feminine
2810:body art
2632:pigments
2513:tattooer
2498:and the
2444:George V
2399:Raiatean
2376:Tahitian
2351:smallpox
2347:sideshow
2331:Whang-od
2319:Binisaya
2315:Mindanao
2286:bullawan
2264:—
2246:Mindanao
2238:Mindanao
2222:Mindanao
2181:Scythian
2157:Scythian
2129:stigmata
1959:Salafism
1663:wingbone
1562:Rapa Nui
1550:Obsidian
1499:Mindanao
1477:and the
1383:(1604),
1374:—
1359:marlotas
1350:Visayans
1340:horo-han
1234:Whang-od
1216:pengetev
1212:pengeteb
1094:(1663),
1088:—
1082:Pintados
1073:Pintados
1067:Visayans
993:branding
949:Whang-od
928:Malagasy
720:Quanzhou
701:such as
668:Xinjiang
623:—
545:kakiniit
514:Kakiniit
463:Neutrals
461:and the
341:Daunians
293:Tamazgha
266:obsidian
191:Pintados
164:Hawaiian
146:Americas
93:and the
75:Mongolia
33:–4750 BC
8684:Knuckle
8679:Genital
8483:Inuit (
8441:Hajichi
8422:Irezumi
8376:Chinese
8340:Sicanje
8272:Tā moko
8253:Bornean
8207:Machine
8159:Medical
8138:Removal
8128:History
8088:Tattoos
7337:5 April
7315:5 April
6808:The Sun
6387:Manxman
5896:Bibcode
5805:Reuters
5496:. 1898.
5372:Bibcode
4972:26 July
4946:26 July
4920:26 July
4844:26 July
4375:10 July
4331:10 July
4157:Bibcode
3644:17 July
3407:: 9–32.
3375:8 March
3017:fascism
2915:by the
2854:Fairies
2846:zombies
2833:artists
2779:A&E
2746:sleeves
2634:, even
2323:Palauan
2307:Visayas
2298:pintado
2294:Visayan
2240:in the
2177:Pazyryk
2161:Pazyryk
2147:Scythia
2125:stizein
2121:kentein
2105:stizein
1942:Berbers
1924:Trinity
1770:dallaks
1762:In the
1665:from a
1623:tā moko
1613:Tā moko
1505:of the
1497:of the
1489:of the
1475:Tagalog
1459:Negrito
1423:sneezes
1336:Visayan
1288:shamans
1270:burikan
1262:batikan
1242:Kalinga
1240:of the
1061:of the
967:chaklag
856:Brahmin
768:Irezumi
742:Yue Fei
734:Wu Song
676:Yanghai
605:scalped
600:manitou
550:tunniit
407:Mound Q
365:Sicanje
349:Balkans
311:of the
258:Papuans
187:Visayan
179:Spanish
71:Siberia
59:mummies
8704:Sleeve
8699:Sclera
8669:Cornea
8578:Sailor
8573:Prison
8558:Animal
8542:Coptic
8537:Berber
8407:Ainu (
8384:Yantra
8315:Veiqia
8245:Ptasan
8185:Artist
8096:Topics
8045:
8026:
8000:
7973:
7947:
7923:
7899:
7875:
7496:
7473:
7385:
7360:
7268:
7201:
7171:
7148:
7086:
7060:
6941:
6916:
6867:6 June
6840:5 June
6814:5 June
6743:. BBC.
6569:
6465:
6389:, the
6266:
6235:
6227:
6185:
6177:
6140:
6044:
6023:
5974:16 May
5922:
5914:
5887:Nature
5841:
5574:
5472:
5398:
5390:
5325:23 May
5316:
5276:
5160:
5154:300578
5152:
5075:2016.
5040:
5013:
4894:
4807:
4786:347382
4784:
4753:
4668:
4639:
4611:9 July
4566:
4522:
4476:
4453:
4366:
4240:
4072:"home"
4016:
4006:
3983:
3977:279329
3975:
3882:
3736:18 May
3713:18 May
3667:18 May
3597:
3565:
3538:
3501:
3474:
3445:
3255:
3245:
3060:, and
2858:sexist
2821:Mattel
2798:LA Ink
2559:circus
2456:Kaiser
2273:(1697)
2109:stigma
2066:Romans
1965:Europe
1947:Berber
1918:tattoo
1912:Tigray
1737:Persia
1687:Samoan
1647:tattoo
1436:citrus
1363:barrio
1278:pulaʻu
1254:Ibaloi
1202:; and
1194:), or
1188:whatok
1150:, and
1129:Samoan
969:tattoo
963:Bontoc
905:ptasan
885:Atayal
875:Taiwan
828:Sinuye
709:slaves
540:Arctic
534:, the
431:pounce
345:Apulia
327:; and
315:; the
301:Fulani
297:Yoruba
289:Berber
250:Citrus
99:Hathor
89:, the
67:Alaska
43:tattoo
8694:Scalp
8509:Osage
8261:Batok
8147:Types
8118:Flash
7767:(PDF)
7673:(PDF)
7578:(PDF)
7433:(PDF)
7058:JSTOR
6914:S2CID
6646:Rugby
6233:S2CID
6225:JSTOR
6183:S2CID
6175:JSTOR
5920:S2CID
5396:S2CID
5158:S2CID
5150:JSTOR
5038:JSTOR
5011:S2CID
4999:(2).
4892:S2CID
4751:S2CID
4666:JSTOR
4633:(PDF)
4451:S2CID
4238:S2CID
3981:S2CID
3973:JSTOR
3608:(PDF)
3587:(PDF)
3443:S2CID
3423:(PDF)
3395:(PDF)
3288:(PDF)
3201:India
3009:Nazis
2783:Inked
2742:flash
2640:urine
2628:scars
2401:man,
2379:tatau
2327:Batok
2311:Luzon
2281:rajah
2133:signa
2113:Latin
2074:Syria
2070:Egypt
2062:Greek
2002:Picts
1928:Copts
1903:Copts
1886:stele
1857:Cairo
1822:Nubia
1776:Kurds
1765:hamam
1651:tatau
1633:Samoa
1522:Dayak
1507:Panay
1491:Luzon
1483:Islam
1455:Lumad
1418:anito
1400:with
1398:Luzon
1368:bahag
1316:bahag
1292:puraw
1274:puraw
1214:, or
1192:fatok
1184:fatek
1180:batak
1176:batok
1172:batek
1164:burik
1162:, or
1160:butak
1156:batek
1132:tatau
1125:tatak
1123:, or
1117:batik
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