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personal gain, in the amount of £25,000 each. Obote denied the charge and said the money had been spent to buy the munitions for Olenga's
Congolese troops. On 4 February 1966, while Obote was away on a trip to the north of the country, an effective "no confidence" vote against Obote was passed by the UPC Mps. This attempt to remove Obote appeared to be organized by UPC Secretary General Grace S.K. Ibingira, closely supported by the UPC leader from Bunyoro, George Magezi, and a number of other southern UPC notables. Only the radical UPC member, John Kakonge, voted against the motion.
1356:, arrested the offending UPC ministers, and assumed control of the state. He forced a new constitution through parliament without a reading and without the necessary quorum. That constitution abolished the federal powers of the kingdoms, most notably the internal autonomy enjoyed by Buganda, and concentrated presidential powers in the prime minister's office. The kabaka objected, and Buganda prepared to wage a legal battle. Baganda leaders rhetorically demanded that Obote's "illegal" government remove itself from Buganda soil.
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591:
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768:
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1332:, led by a "General Olenga," opposed the American-backed government and were attempting to lead the Eastern Province into secession. These troops were reported to be trading looted ivory and gold for arms supplies secretly smuggled to them by Amin. The arrangement became public when Olenga later claimed that he failed to receive the promised munitions. This claim appeared to be supported by the fact that in mid-1965, a seventy-five-ton shipment of
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1320:) and asked the bank manager to exchange it for cash. Amin's account was ultimately credited with a deposit of £17,000. Obote rivals questioned the incident, and it emerged that the prime minister and a handful of close associates had used Colonel Amin and units of the Uganda Army to intervene in the neighbouring
1269:
Later in 1964, Obote felt strong enough to address the critical issue of the "lost counties" which the
British had postponed until after independence. The combination of patronage offers and the promise of future rewards within the ruling coalition gradually thinned opposition party ranks, as members
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Amin, who at times inspected his troops wearing an outsized sport shirt with Obote's face across the front and back, protested his loyalty. But in
October 1970, Amin was placed under temporary house arrest while investigators looked into his army expenditures, reportedly several million dollars over
1383:
and was driven off to exile. After the assault, Obote was reasonably secure from open opposition. The new republican 1967 constitution abolished the kingdoms altogether. Buganda was divided into four districts and ruled through martial law, a forerunner of the military domination over the civilian
1295:
This triumph for Obote and the UPC strengthened the central government and threw
Buganda into disarray. KY unity was weakened by internal recriminations, after which some KY stalwarts, too, began to "cross the floor" to join Obote's victorious government. By early 1966, the result was a parliament
1104:
population that were excluded from power as well. Ethnic divisions were just as important. Under the
British, Uganda's economic activity was mostly undertaken by a large group of Indian immigrants who operated many of the businesses and constituted the majority of the colony's merchants. Moreover,
1308:
As the perceived threat from
Buganda diminished, many non-Baganda alliances weakened. And as the possibility of an opposition DP victory faded, the UPC coalition itself began to come apart. The one-party state did not signal the end of political conflict; it merely relocated and intensified that
1343:
Obote's rivals for leadership within the UPC, supported by some
Baganda politicians and others who were hostile to Obote, used the evidence revealed by Amin's casual bank deposit to claim that the prime minister and his closest associates were corrupt and had conducted secret foreign policy for
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had been organized to force self-rule or independence from a reluctant colonial government. In Uganda there had been some demands for greater autonomy, but these were mostly expressed by local nationalisms surrounding the five constituent kingdoms of the colony. One exception was the long-lived
1392:
Obote's success in the face of adversity reclaimed for him the support of most members of the UPC, which then became the only legal political party. The original independence election of 1962, therefore, was the last one held in Uganda until
December 1980. On the home front, Obote issued the
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1211:'s KY. Obote proved adept at meeting the diverse demands of his many partners in government. He even temporarily acceded to some demands which he found repugnant, such as Buganda's claim for special treatment. This accession led to demands by other kingdoms for similar recognition. The
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1132:(KY) (meaning "king only") was a Bugandan nationalist party. In the pre-independence period the Democratic Party, surprisingly, won the most seats, but not a majority. In the elections of 1962, in preparation for Independence, the UPC and KY united and excluded the DP.
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was averted, and the referendum was held. The vote demonstrated an overwhelming desire by residents in the counties annexed to
Buganda in 1900 to be restored to their historic Bunyoro allegiance, which was duly enacted by the new UPC majority despite KY opposition.
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and Langi troops, and he accelerated their promotions to counter the large numbers of soldiers from Amin's home, which was then known as West Nile
District. Obote also enlarged the paramilitary Special Force as a counterweight to the army.
1148:
The Uganda People's Congress had several obstacles to forming a government. The party leadership was fragmented. Each party functionary represented a local constituency, and most of the constituencies were ethnically distinct. For example,
1274:
to join the government benches. After two years of independence, Obote finally acquired enough votes to give the UPC a majority and free himself of the KY coalition. The turning point came when several DP members of parliament from
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1444:, was murdered early in 1970. (Amin later promoted the man rumored to have recruited Okoya's killers.) A second attempt was made on Obote's life when his motorcade was ambushed later that year, but the vice-president's
1347:
Because he was faced with a nearly unanimous disavowal by his governing party and national parliament, many people expected Obote to resign. Instead, Obote turned to Idi Amin and the army, and, in effect, carried out a
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composed of seventy-four UPC, nine DP, eight KY, and one independent MP. The Obote regime was to become associated with food shortage, corruption, and the terrorizing, harassing, and torturing of Ugandans, particularly
1188:(a situation which contributed to the independent Uganda government's almost immediate hostility toward the trade unions). No common ideology united the UPC, the composition of which ranged from the near reactionary
1469:
even after Obote had shifted his support away from the Anyanya to Nimeiry. This foreign policy shift provoked an outcry from Israel, which had been supplying the Anyanya rebels. Amin was close friends with several
1421:, the GSU reported on suspected subversives. The Special Force Units of paramilitary police, heavily recruited from Obote's own region and ethnic group, supplemented the security forces within the army and police.
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in the north-west corner of Uganda. Each of these regional political bosses and those from the other Uganda regions expected to receive a ministerial post in the new Uganda government, to exercise
2011:
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Although Buganda had been defeated and occupied by the military, Obote was still concerned about security there. His concerns were well founded; in December 1969 he was wounded in an
1184:
The UPC had had no effective urban organization before independence, although it was able to mobilize the trade unions, most of which were led by non-Ugandan immigrant workers from
1181:, and to bring the material fruits of independence to local supporters. Failing these objectives, each was likely either to withdraw from the UPC coalition or realign within it.
1414:
1235:. Despite these separatist pressures, Obote's long-term goal was to build a strong central government at the expense of entrenched local interests, especially those of Buganda.
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military advisers who were in Uganda to help train the Ugandan Army, and their eventual role in Amin's efforts to oust Obote remained the subject of continuing controversy.
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Buganda, however, once again miscalculated, for Obote was not interested in negotiating. Instead, he sent Idi Amin and loyal troops to attack the kabaka's palace on nearby
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1261:, and promoted him rapidly through the ranks as a personal protégé. As the army expanded, it became a source of political patronage and of potential political power.
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thrown near him failed to explode. He had retained power by relying on Idi Amin and the army, but it was not clear that he could continue to count on their loyalty.
1287:. Unable to prevent it, he sent 300 armed Baganda veterans to the area to intimidate Banyoro voters. In turn, 2,000 veterans from Bunyoro massed on the frontier.
1238:
The first major challenge to the Obote government came not from the kingdoms, nor the regional interests, but from the military. In January 1964, units of the
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mutinied, demanding higher pay and more rapid promotions. Minister of Defense Onama, who courageously went to speak to the mutineers, was seized and held
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Uganda was greatly divided along national, religious, and ethnic lines. The national divisions were the most apparent. The country was dominated by
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1409:" to signal new efforts to consolidate power. His critics noted that he placed most control over economic nationalization in the hands of an
1371:. Amin's troops had heavy weapons but were reluctant to press the attack until Obote became impatient and demanded results. By the time the
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The military then began to assume a more prominent role in Ugandan life. Obote selected a popular junior officer with minimal education,
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conflict within the party. The issue that brought the UPC disharmony to a crisis involved Obote's military protégé, Idi Amin.
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chiefdoms banded together to claim that they, too, deserved recognition under the rule of their newly defined monarch, the
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Obote also faced the task of maintaining the UPC's external alliances, primarily the coalition between the UPC and the
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1254:, which responded to similar demands with increased discipline and tighter control over their small military forces.
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116:
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1990:
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1250:. In the aftermath, Obote's government acceded to all the mutineers' demands, unlike the governments of Kenya and
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1200:. As prime minister, Obote was responsible for keeping this loose coalition of divergent interest groups intact.
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90:
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Obote appeared particularly uncertain of the army after Amin's sole rival among senior army officers, Brigadier
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Deep religious divisions had developed. The British-linked and British-supported elite had largely converted to
54:
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millionaire who was also a financial backer of the UPC. Obote created a system of secret police, the
1117:
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206:
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felt especially aggrieved having been deprived of its "lost counties" when Uganda became a British
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880:
784:
298:
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2300:
2252:
2179:
2137:
2079:
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1963:
804:
582:
496:
184:
1527:
World population 1979: recent demographic estimates for the countries and regions of the world
2237:
2191:
1246:. Obote was forced to call in British troops to restore order, a humiliating blow to the new
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upon the enactment of the 1967 constitution which ended the previous system of a republican
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wherein the President was elected by parliament from among the 5 subnational monarchs.
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1100:
and they were excluded from power by the Protestants. Uganda also had a significant
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budget. Another charge against Amin was that he had continued to aid southern
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to restore the "lost counties" to Bunyoro. The kabaka, naturally, opposed the
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weapons was intercepted by the Kenyan government as it was being moved from
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1321:
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1128:(UPC) was supported mainly by groups from the north and western parts. The
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1038:
1037:
Early independent Uganda during this period was dominated by the regime of
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resulted in the palace being overrun, the kabaka had taken advantage of a
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against his own government in order to stay in power. Obote suspended the
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1058:
1507:
1136:, the leader of the Uganda People's Congress, became the nation's first
1530:. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1980. p. 153.
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people, who had never recognized a precolonial king, claimed the title
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agreed to join the government side if Obote would undertake a popular
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1363:. The palace was defended by a small group of bodyguards armed with
32:
1337:
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1081:, much to the annoyance of the other four kingdoms. The kingdom of
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1955:
1049:, who after being deposed by Amin returned to power in the 1980s.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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was mistakenly riddled with bullets. Obote began to recruit more
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bank with a gold bar (bearing the stamp of the government of the
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Uganda's approach to independence was unlike that of most other
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represented the local interests of his Bunyoro compatriots;
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population that all of Uganda would experience after 1971.
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attempt and narrowly escaped more serious injury when a
1542:
Uganda Since Independence: a story of unfulfilled hopes
1312:
In 1966 Amin caused a commotion when he walked into a
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1173:was the northern leader of the largely neglected
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1379:to exit over the rear wall. He hailed a passing
1116:Upon independence three parties developed. The
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1601:
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1105:there was a long-standing divide between the
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1124:, represented the Catholic population. The
1026:between 1963 and 1967, before becoming the
1022:The Ugandan state was officially named the
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383:William Wilberforce Kadhumbla Nadhope III
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1001:history of Uganda from 1963 through 1971
470:• Subnational monarchies abolished
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14:
2523:
1534:
1096:. The majority of the population were
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55:adding citations to reliable sources
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66:"History of Uganda" 1963–1971
25:
2547:
1465:rebels in opposing the regime of
1144:UPC-KY coalition rule (1962–1964)
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1304:UPC multi-party rule (1964–1966)
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2536:Contemporary history by country
1265:Breakup of the coalition (1964)
42:needs additional citations for
2024:Early independence (1962–1971)
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1388:UPC one-party rule (1966–1971)
13:
1:
1489:
1417:(GSU). Headed by a relative,
1113:of the south of the country.
1120:(DP), modelled on Germany's
1015:to the rise of the dictator
7:
2531:History of Uganda by period
2397:Water supply and sanitation
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18:History of Uganda (1962–71)
10:
2552:
1551:
1153:'s strength lay among his
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1575:Federal Research Division
1219:. Not to be outdone, the
1024:Sovereign State of Uganda
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708:Second Republic of Uganda
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2131:Administrative divisions
2019:British rule (1894–1962)
1233:Cuthbert Joseph Obwangor
1157:kin in northern Uganda;
1126:Uganda People's Congress
1068:Uganda National Congress
197:"For God and My Country"
1484:Uganda Army (1962–1971)
1401:by Tanzanian President
1397:," echoed the call for
1324:. Former supporters of
1165:'s strength was in the
299:constitutional monarchy
1011:independence from the
1436:Rivalry with Idi Amin
1109:of the north and the
525:East African shilling
244:Common languages
2029:Idi Amin (1971–1979)
1415:General Service Unit
1405:, and proclaimed a "
1395:Common Man's Charter
1373:Battle of Mengo Hill
1059:colonial territories
1053:Move to independence
51:improve this article
2034:Uganda–Tanzania War
1231:'s political boss,
1163:Grace S.K. Ibingira
1122:Christian Democrats
901:1986–1994 civil war
881:Uganda–Tanzania War
871:Expulsion of Asians
460:• Established
2291:Telecommunications
1512:worldstatesmen.org
1175:West Nile District
1028:Republic of Uganda
805:Early independence
583:Dominion of Uganda
310:socialist republic
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1399:African socialism
1272:crossed the floor
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1045:and subsequently
1041:, Uganda's first
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1005:history of Uganda
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2015:
2014:
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2001:
1995:
1994:
1983:
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1620:(1962–present)
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1437:
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1403:Julius Nyerere
1389:
1386:
1305:
1302:
1298:Indian traders
1270:of parliament
1266:
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1138:Prime Minister
1072:Congress Party
1054:
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1043:Prime Minister
1013:United Kingdom
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861:Special themes
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364:Vice President
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2022:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2012:Egyptian rule
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
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1565:
1564:public domain
1556:
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1506:Cahoon, Ben.
1502:
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1427:
1426:assassination
1422:
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1318:Belgian Congo
1315:
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1301:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1262:
1260:
1259:Idi Amin Dada
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:Teso District
1226:
1222:
1218:
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1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
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1159:George Magezi
1156:
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1094:Protestantism
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785:Early history
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734:
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729:Today part of
727:
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686:
685:
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653:Tooro Kingdom
651:
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544:ISO 3166 code
541:
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307:parliamentary
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293:parliamentary
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78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2445:
2435:
2377:Prostitution
2342:Demographics
2301:Trade unions
2253:Conservation
2248:Central bank
2212:Rebel groups
2180:Human rights
2138:Constitution
2080:Conservation
1569:
1544:, pp. 65–70.
1541:
1536:
1526:
1520:
1511:
1455:
1439:
1423:
1391:
1358:
1354:constitution
1346:
1342:
1322:Congo Crisis
1311:
1307:
1294:
1268:
1256:
1240:Ugandan Army
1237:
1224:
1216:
1202:
1194:John Kakonge
1183:
1151:Milton Obote
1147:
1134:Milton Obote
1130:Kabaka Yekka
1115:
1091:
1087:protectorate
1076:
1056:
1039:Milton Obote
1036:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1000:
998:
814:
795:British rule
739:
565:Succeeded by
564:
559:
508:• 1969
425:Milton Obote
395:John Babiiha
353:Milton Obote
314:dictatorship
301:(1963-1966)
262:Christianity
202:
195:Motto:
194:
185:Coat of arms
147:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2238:Agriculture
2192:LGBT rights
1419:Akena Adoko
1350:coup d'état
1340:to Uganda.
1171:Felix Onama
915:1987–
849:1986–
757:History of
560:Preceded by
537:(1966–1971)
529:(1963–1966)
482:Coup d'état
435:Legislature
316:(1966-1971)
143:(1967–1971)
136:(1963–1967)
2525:Categories
2280:(currency)
2158:Government
2143:Corruption
1490:References
1442:Acap Okoya
1377:cloudburst
1361:Mengo Hill
1285:plebiscite
1281:referendum
1252:Tanganyika
1217:kyabasinga
1207:, who led
1074:of India.
845:Since 1986
775:Chronology
639:Rwenzururu
497:Population
439:Parliament
285:Government
273:Demonym(s)
77:newspapers
2392:Terrorism
2387:Squatting
2367:Languages
2352:Education
2306:Transport
2278:Shilling
2263:Fisheries
2163:President
2148:Elections
2090:Mountains
2063:Geography
1616:Years in
1326:Congolese
1289:Civil war
1179:patronage
1047:President
512:9,548,847
322:President
312:under a
258:Religion
155:1962–1971
2505:Category
2382:Religion
2372:Polygamy
2332:Abortion
2268:Forestry
2197:Military
2185:Intersex
2119:Politics
2105:Wildlife
1991:articles
1630:Pre-1962
1508:"Uganda"
1478:See also
1369:shotguns
1338:Tanzania
1107:Nilotics
1098:Catholic
1017:Idi Amin
946:Military
941:Economic
927:By topic
891:Bush War
789:pre-1894
748:a series
746:Part of
521:Currency
449:Cold War
296:elective
107:May 2021
2489:Outline
2439:(dress)
2430:Cuisine
2417:Culture
2320:Society
2296:Tourism
2273:Poverty
2243:Banking
2226:Economy
2173:Cabinet
1999:History
1552:Sources
1472:Israeli
1463:Anyanya
1430:grenade
1334:Chinese
1328:leader
1314:Kampala
1277:Bunyoro
1244:hostage
1209:Buganda
1083:Bunyoro
1079:Buganda
1009:Ugandan
936:Buganda
917:present
851:present
611:Bunyoro
597:Buganda
480:•
304:Unitary
290:Federal
278:Ugandan
252:Swahili
248:English
238:Kampala
234:Capital
205: "
203:Anthem:
91:scholar
2510:Portal
2449:(robe)
2436:Gomesi
2425:Cinema
2357:Health
2258:Energy
2100:Rivers
1989:
1987:Uganda
1618:Uganda
1581:Uganda
1566:.
1450:Acholi
1365:rifles
1248:regime
1225:kingoo
1213:Busoga
1205:kabaka
1169:; and
1167:Ankole
1102:Muslim
1061:where
759:Uganda
750:on the
733:Uganda
667:Ankole
625:Busoga
410:
368:
326:
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
2496:Index
2470:Sport
2460:Music
2455:Media
2446:Kanzu
2407:Youth
2402:Women
2085:Lakes
1459:Sudan
1411:Asian
1221:Iteso
1190:Onama
1186:Kenya
1155:Langi
1111:Bantu
1007:from
695:Kooki
266:Islam
98:JSTOR
84:books
1945:2024
1940:2023
1935:2022
1930:2021
1925:2020
1920:2019
1915:2018
1910:2017
1905:2016
1900:2015
1895:2014
1890:2013
1885:2012
1880:2011
1875:2010
1870:2009
1865:2008
1860:2007
1855:2006
1850:2005
1845:2004
1840:2003
1835:2002
1830:2001
1825:2000
1820:1999
1815:1998
1810:1997
1805:1996
1800:1995
1795:1994
1790:1993
1785:1992
1780:1991
1775:1990
1770:1989
1765:1988
1760:1987
1755:1986
1750:1985
1745:1984
1740:1983
1735:1982
1730:1981
1725:1980
1720:1979
1715:1978
1710:1977
1705:1976
1700:1975
1695:1974
1690:1973
1685:1972
1680:1971
1675:1970
1670:1969
1665:1968
1660:1967
1655:1966
1650:1965
1645:1964
1640:1963
1635:1962
1381:taxi
1367:and
1227:for
999:The
875:1972
264:and
250:and
171:Flag
70:news
1461:'s
1446:car
53:by
2527::
1579:-
1573:.
1510:.
1498:^
1300:.
1140:.
1089:.
1019:.
549:UG
209:"
1979:e
1972:t
1965:v
1609:e
1602:t
1595:v
1577:.
1514:.
1393:"
988:e
981:t
974:v
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
