820:
832:
1740:
293:
37:
2085:
1163:
1652:
2379:
277:
1493:
2200:
2398:" (Rebirth Plans), with the initiation of major infrastructure projects on the island. This included the realization of new dams and roads, reforestation, agricultural zones on reclaimed marsh land, and large industrial complexes (primarily oil refineries and related petrochemical operations). These efforts to create jobs have largely failed due to the high costs of transportation that could not compensate the cheap labor. In the 1950s and 1960s many
3843:
2532:
2340:
1328:
1865:
19:
682:
3904:
303:
1995:) on the island, a legislative act which turned the land's traditional collective ownership, a cultural and economic cornerstone of Sardinia since the Nuragic times, into private property. This gave rise to many abuses, as the reform favoured the landholders while excluding the poor Sardinian farmers and shepherds, who witnessed the abolition of the communal rights and the sale of the land. Many local rebellions like the
2613:
806:
2006:
571:
2599:
2446:. Even now, around 60% of all Italian and US military installations in Italy are on Sardinia, whose area is less than one-tenth of all the Italian territory and whose population is little more than the 2,5%; furthermore, they comprise over 35.000 hectares used for experimental weapons testing, where 80% of the military explosives in Italy are used. Ever since, there has always been a local
1460:
Santa Maria di
Bonarcado contained more central, upland regions where a pastoral economy dominated and women were less economically useful; among children in that region, sex ratios are highly skewed in favour of men. On the other hand, in the region of San Pietro di Silki, less pastoral, child sex ratios are not skewed abnormally.
2442:) but also from the interior of the island to the coastal cities of Cagliari, Olbia and Sassari. In the early 1960s with the creation of petrochemical industries, thousands of ex-farmers became specialised workers, and some others would commence to work on the newly established military bases, created primarily for the
1483:
1959:
the role of
Alternos, which meant a substitute of the viceroy himself. Angioy moved from Cagliari to Sassari, and during his journey almost all the villages joined the uprising, demanding an end to feudalism and aiming to declare the island to be an independent republic, but once he was outnumbered
1459:
of San Pietro di Silki, in
Sassari, and Santa Maria di Bonarcado concerning the children of slaves has been adduced to show that differences in agricultural lifestyles between regions may affect the survival rate of females, hypothetically through increased infanticide of baby girls. The abbacy of
2109:
Most
Sardinian forests were cut down at this time, in order to provide the Piedmontese with raw materials, like wood, used to make railway sleepers on the mainland. The extension of primary natural forests, praised by every traveller visiting Sardinia, would in fact be reduced to little more than
2310:
was an elaborate diversion implemented by the Allies to persuade the Axis's intelligence that their planned invasion of southern Europe would take place in the
Balkans and Italy and would feature an invasion of Sardinia. This succeeded in diverting Axis troops from Sicily, the real target of the
2546:
Also noticeable is the difference between coastal regions and the inland. Coastal regions have always been more open to outside influences. Nowadays
Sardinia is most known for its coasts (La Maddalena, Costa Smeralda), the north-western coast near Sassari (Alghero, Stintino, Castelsardo) and
2258:
The repression by the
Fascist regime of its opponents within the region was ruthless. Rural Sardinia showed little interest in the Fascist state, while the urban bourgeoisie from the cities, some of which being repopulated by Italian mainlanders, were its staunchest supporters on the island.
2297:
in
September 1940, shortly after Italy's entry into the war.) German troops were stationed on Sardinia and Corsica â occupied by the Italians â in 1943. By that July, most airbases in Sardinia had been rendered inoperable by Allied aerial bombing. A number of diversionary raids on Sardinia,
2554:
region, featured by a diversified economy, mainly focused on tourism and the tertiary. The economic efforts of last twenty years have reduced the supposed handicap of insularity, for example with low cost air companies and information and informatic technologies, thanks to the
854:, the opportunity to land on Sardinia and occupy it. In 238 BC the Romans took over the whole island, without meeting any resistance. They took over an existing developed infrastructure and urbanized culture (at least in the plains). Along with
2067:
The economy was focused mainly on the primary sector (agriculture and sheep husbandry) and on mining. The majority of mining societies operating in
Sardinia depended on non-Sardinian capital money. However, in 1848 the Sardinian entrepreneur
1279:
from North Africa (recently conquered by the Arab armies) harassed the population of the coastal cities. Details about the political situation of
Sardinia in the following centuries are scarce. Due to Saracen attacks, in the 9th century
1253:, converted to Christianity in 594 after a diplomatic exchange. Christianization however remained long influenced by eastern and Byzantine culture. Other known religious figures of Sardinian origin of that period (5thâ6th centuries) are
2523:
movements were born, some even managing to evolve into parties in the 1990s. In 1999, after a long period of Italian assimilation policies in Sardinia, the languages indigenous to the island were eventually recognized as
3490:
696:
From the 8th century BC, Phoenicians founded several cities and strongholds on strategic points in the south and west of Sardinia, often peninsulas or islands near estuaries, easy to defend and natural harbours, such as
753:
took over control in this part of the Mediterranean, around 510 BC, after which a first attempt of conquest of the island in 540 BC ended in failure. They expanded their influence to the western and southern coast from
1174:, arrived in Sardinia to stifle Godas' rebellion and conquered Caralis, killing Godas and his followers. In early 534, the Vandals of Sardinia surrendered immediately to the Byzantines when faced with news of the
717:). The majority of the inhabitants in these cities were of indigenous nuragic stock while the Phoenician element was, although culturally predominant, in minority. The Phoenicians came originally from what is now
1815:
In the late 15th and in the early 16th century the Spaniards built watchtowers all along the coast (today called "Spanish towers") to protect the island against Ottoman incursions. In 1637 a French fleet led by
2048:. The main road from the south (Cagliari) to the north (Sassari) was enhanced (the road still exists today and it still bears the name of Carlo Felice). Also, the first ferry route between the island and
2255:, which became the main centre of mining activity. Works to drain the numerous waste lands and the growth of mining activities favoured the arrival of numerous settlers and immigrants from the Mainland.
3424:
1455:(catalogues, cartularies) of the monasteries, which record property transactions, are an important source for the study of the island and its language in the 11th and 12th centuries. Evidence from the
1603:
declared itself a free commune allied to Genoa. In the early 14th century, much of Eastern and Southern Sardinia, including Castel di Castro (Cagliari), was under the authority of Pisa and of the
1413:(administrators), in turn subjected to the judge (who also administered justice and was the commander of the army). The church was also powerful, and at this time it had completely abandoned the
2044:) were realised between the 18th and the 19th centuries. They often followed the urban model of Turin, which now was the capital of the Reign of Italy. New infrastructures were built under King
2144:
In 1883 the first train travelled between Cagliari and Sassari, and in these decades were made all the modern public works: roads, dams, schools, sewers and aqueducts, mainly in the cities.
2461:. Especially because of the failed industrialization plans, Sardinia is actually the most polluted region in Italy, with over 445,000 hectares of contaminated soil still to be remediated.
2351:, just as much as in Southern Italy, but a few days later Italy became a Republic. In 1948 Sardinia obtained the status of autonomous region which, while being the highest degree of
2219:, several swamps around the island were drained and new agrarian communities founded. The main communities were in the area of Oristano, where the village of Mussolinia (now called
2002:("The Already Known" in Sardinian) riot in 1868, all repressed by the King's army, resulted in an attempt to return to the past and reaffirm the right to use the once common land.
1511:
led to greater contact between Sardinia and the Italian peninsula, especially through the desires of the judges to establish monasteries with monks from continental monasteries at
3494:
3446:
3435:
1717:, initially able to capture much of the Island. However, in 1409 the Aragonese crushed a Genoese fleet coming in support the Sardinians, and destroyed the Judicial army at the
1296:; numerous other coastal centres suffered the same fate (Nora, Sulci, Bithia, Cornus, Bosa, Olbia etc.). There was news of another massive Saracen sea attack in 1015â16 from
2394:
With the increase in tourism, coal decreased in importance. However, shortly after the Second World War a ponderous industrialization effort was commenced, the so-called "
1545:
In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, all four Judicates passed to foreign dynasties and the local families were relegated to minor positions. Arborea passed to the
1686:, and were forced to leave the island, maintaining only Castel di Castro until 1326. The Cagliari area as well as Gallura thus became part of the first nucleus of the
601:. The nuraghes were mainly built in the period from about 1800 to 1200 BC, though many were used until the Roman period. Characteristics of this period are also the
2285:; from 1940 the Axis used its airfields for attacks across the Mediterranean, while from 1943 the island was under air attack from the Allies and the cities of
819:
2672:
1754:
The loss of the independence, the firm Aragonese (later Spanish from 1479) rule, with the introduction of a sterile feudalism, as well as the discovery of the
1925:
in order to have the same rights as the Italian mainlanders, but they met with a refusal. Because of this discontent, on 28 April 1794, during an uprising in
4033:
3515:
2343:
View of some areas of Cagliari and part of its metropolitan area. Together with Sassari and Olbia it is one of the most important economic hubs of the island
2181:
to develop infrastructure in order to encourage economic development. However, only a portion of the designated funds were ever distributed, and mainly in
1568:, another Pisan family, in 1207. Only Logudoro survived to the end under local Sardinian rulers. However, its end was early. It passed to Genoa and to the
3257:
1767:
1409:
During the judicial era Sardinia had some 300.000 inhabitants, of which slightly more than 1/3 were free. These were subjected to the authority of local
483:
1710:
1611:(now Iglesias). Arborea, however, survived as the only indigenous kingdom until 1420. One of the most remarkable Sardinian figure of the Middle Ages,
1955:, occupied the city. On 13 February 1796, in order to prevent the spread of the revolt, the viceroy Filippo Vivalda gave to the Sardinian magistrate
2061:
1553:
3309:
2576:
831:
2760:
2584:
114:
258:, the Savoyards pursued a policy of expansion to the rest of the Italian peninsula, having their Kingdom of Sardinia be later renamed into "
3425:
Sardinia and the right to self-determination of peoples, Document to be presented to the European left University of Berlin â Enrico Lobina
910:
2025:: this manoveur had been presented as the only possible way to grant equal rights to all inhabitants of the Kingdom, which would become a
1713:(1355) ushered in a period of tranquility, but hostilities were resumed in 1365, with Arborea, led by Marianus IV and then, from 1391, by
208:
raids, the island fell out of the sphere of influence of any higher government; this led to the birth of four independent kingdoms called
3388:
3765:
1519:. By the 12th century, the Sardinian Judicates, though obscure, are visible through the mists of time. They professed allegiance to the
850:, the Carthaginian mercenaries on the island revolted and gave the Romans, who some years earlier had defeated the Carthaginians in the
1131:, coming from North Africa, occupied the coastal cities of the island; they imposed garrisons guarded by African auxiliaries, like the
3693:
2355:
since the Judicates era, fell short of many Sardinians' expectations. The first regional elections were held on 8 May 1949. By 1951,
1270:
1074:
were Roman citizens, while those living in the interior were not. Around the year 286 AD, Sardinia was incorporated into the Italian
285:
2248:
3527:
1615:, was co-ruler of that region in the late 14th century; she laid the foundations for the laws that remained valid until 1827, the
4028:
3809:
3744:
2348:
840:
382:
was found and worked for cutting tools and arrowheads. Even now the volcanic glass can be found on the sides of the mountain.
4179:
3980:
3625:
3606:
3331:
2155:
distinguished themselves, with several being decorated with gold medals and other honours. Following the war, in occasion of
1308:), the Saracens' attempt of invasion of the island was stopped by Sardinian Judicates with the support of the Fleets of the
925:
in 106. However the Sardinians living in the impervious mountains of the interior resisted the Roman colonization well into
4016:
3458:
866:. Together with Sicily it formed one of the main granaries of Rome until the Romans conquered Egypt in the 1st century BC.
2500:(MAS), claimed several terrorist attempts. In the span of just two years (1987â1988), 224 bombing attacks were reported.
2282:
1834:
181:
2525:
1534:
Often quarreling between one another, the Judicates made a great number of commercial concessions to the Pisans and the
3831:
918:
882:
1895:
the fleets of the French Republic, which included with the rank of lieutenant, the young and future Emperor of France
3389:"Sardinia host 60 percent of Italy's state-owned lands used by NATO, non-NATO forces and weapon makers, NewEurope.eu"
2810:
2707:
107:
2669:
2021:, all the administrative differences between Sardinia and the Italian mainland were abolished through the so-called
3697:
2772:
1964:
forces he fled to Paris and sought support from the French to invade Sardinia and make it an independent Republic.
651:
and other areas of eastern Mediterranean, has been supported by scholars like the professor Giovanni Ugas from the
2519:), was elected president of the regional parliament. Nevertheless, in the 1980s a number of even more radical pro-
1552:(Cervera-Bas) in 1185, though this was contested for the next few decades. In 1188, Cagliari was conquered by the
4065:
2631:
2302:, were carried out by the Allies in summer 1943 to distract Axis attention from the upcoming invasion of Sicily,
1758:, provoked an unstoppable decline of Sardinia. In the 1470s an important revolt against the Aragonese was led by
1183:
948:
began to spread among Sardinians as well. Caralis, the provincial capital, Nora and Sulci obtained the status of
759:
3413:
2457:
Nevertheless, since 1973 the international oil crisis caused the firing of thousands of workers employed in the
4075:
3975:
3775:
2803:
Archaeology And History in Sardinia From The Stone Age to the Middle Ages: Shepherds, Sailors, & Conquerors
1922:
1642:
889:. The Romans then met the Carthaginian-Sardinian allied forces in the south of the island, defeating them in a
2331:. Allied forces landed on Sardinia on 14 September 1943 and the last German troops were expelled on the 18th.
1729:, the last Judge of Arborea, sold his remaining territories to the Aragonese in 1420, in exchange for 100,000
3952:
3871:
3736:
2626:
1884:
1838:
159:. Initially under the political and economic alliance with the Phoenician cities, it was partly conquered by
63:
3281:
932:
Punic culture remained strong during the first centuries of the Roman domination. However, in the long run,
416:
The dolmens culture, around the end of the 3rd millennium BC, passed with other typical material aspects of
4169:
3947:
3940:
3861:
3754:
3436:
Silenzio di piombo: le basi militari in Sardegna e quelle morti senza risposte, Sara Dellabella, L'Espresso
2655:
1900:
1872:
1850:
431:
Prehistoric and Pre-nuragic monuments and constructions that characterise the Sardinian landscapes are the
296:
100:
3799:
3342:
2559:(Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia). The CRS4 developed the first Italian
1709:
family, waged war against the Aragonese, occupying much of the island but unable to capture Cagliari. The
1390:
in 864 mentions for the first time the Sardinian judges, and their autonomy is clear in a later letter by
3930:
2729:
2568:
2328:
1778:
1301:
598:
210:
83:
2745:
1739:
4184:
3891:
2572:
2193:
1044:
1479:. Cagliari and Arborea and Logudoro (and perhaps Gallura) were united for a time in the 11th century.
3491:"L'Isola Ăš la regione piĂč inquinata d'Italia: 445mila gli ettari ancora da bonificare â Unione Sarda"
2451:
1880:
1646:
1442:
1383:
1187:
797:
etc. are now important archaeological monuments where architecture and city planning can be studied.
621:
617:
2868:
2687:
2497:
2364:
1817:
1675:
523:
255:
36:
3839:
3718:
3590:
2836:
2264:
2041:
1585:
1528:
1414:
1063:
933:
1588:. Gallura survived longer, but the enemies of the Visconti in Pisa soon removed the last judge,
3824:
3785:
3372:
2636:
2508:
2458:
2360:
2320:
2164:
2069:
1988:
1805:
1763:
1726:
1702:
1679:
1358:
in medieval Sardinian) was an heir of that of the Byzantine governor after the creation of the
652:
469:
3800:
A History of Sardinia, by Nicola Gabriele (translated by Sally Davies), University of Cagliari
3740:
3392:
3295:
725:. Sardinia had a special position because it was central in the Western Mediterranean between
4023:
3985:
3970:
3324:
Colpi di scure e sensi di colpa. Storia del disboscamento della Sardegna dalle origini a oggi
2929:
2855:
2504:
2489:
2160:
2130:
1984:
1956:
1939:
1892:
1868:
1809:
1496:
1468:
1464:
1083:
890:
734:
594:
323:
940:
became the speech of the majority of the inhabitants, ultimately developing into the modern
635:, who traded with the western Mediterranean. Contact with powerful cities of Crete, such as
3962:
3925:
3920:
3881:
2477:
2114:
1908:
1770:(1478), ending any further hope of independence for the island. The unceasing attacks from
1663:
1656:
1539:
1476:
1472:
1211:
1120:
581:
271:
172:
68:
58:
53:
972:
were built: two along the coasts and two in the interior connecting all the major cities.
8:
4098:
4001:
3935:
3886:
2472:
aggravated the crime rate, as evidenced by the increasing frequency of phenomena such as
2307:
1968:
1829:
1744:
1733:
1687:
1628:
1524:
1395:
1359:
1203:
1144:
1128:
1088:
885:, reached Sardinia landing in Caralis and defeating Hiostus, the son of Hampsicora, near
859:
543:
533:
503:
493:
247:
144:
88:
3759:
917:, killed or enslaved about 80,000 natives. The last organized revolts were repressed by
778:; Tharros probably became the capital of the province. Carthage stressed the growing of
292:
4113:
4108:
4093:
4088:
3866:
3674:
3666:
3641:
3531:
2299:
2204:
2156:
2122:
2089:
1888:
1858:
1842:
1748:
1691:
1667:
1633:
1612:
1577:
1486:
1309:
1114:
941:
824:
775:
436:
281:
223:
78:
2528:" of the Country, and allowed to formally enjoy co-official status alongside Italian.
2293:
were heavily bombed. (Air raids had also been conducted by an aircraft carrier of the
4174:
4150:
4132:
4125:
4011:
3876:
3817:
3678:
3658:
3621:
3602:
3327:
2806:
2703:
1976:
1907:. In the same month, Sardinians stopped the attempted French landing on the beach of
1846:
1718:
1714:
1604:
1535:
1446:
1317:
602:
586:
553:
402:
390:
342:
235:
189:
1929:, two Piedmontese officials were killed. That was the start of a revolt (called the
1853:, but in 1720 the European powers assigned Sicily to Charles VI and Sardinia to the
983:
noted that Sardinia was inhabited by the following tribes, from north to south: the
4120:
4083:
4043:
4006:
3781:
3650:
2923:
2539:
2535:
2447:
2272:
2168:
2118:
1774:
and a series of plagues (from 1582, 1652 and 1655) further worsened the situation.
1683:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1508:
1500:
1313:
1179:
870:
771:
655:; this hypothesis has been however opposed by other archaeologists and historians.
632:
610:
259:
239:
197:
193:
2311:
invasion. The war ended in Sardinia in September 1943, with the withdrawal of the
2231:, was located, and in the area adjacent the city of Alghero, within the region of
1241:'s letters, a Romanized and Christianized area existed on the island (that of the
1066:, better known as the "Edict of Caracalla". At that time, many islanders from the
3375:
Military pollution in no war zone: The military representation in the local media
2676:
2465:
2352:
2303:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2152:
2148:
2084:
1972:
1937:") all over the island, which culminated on 28 April 1794 (commemorated today as
1804:
of Sardinia was established in Cagliari, while in 1607 and 1617 were founded the
1771:
1759:
1695:
1608:
1593:
1387:
1110:
901:, and killing 12,000 men. Another major revolt took place in 177-176 BC when the
851:
847:
813:
809:
479:
394:
368:
315:
307:
243:
164:
73:
4038:
3465:
2060:. The first railway was inaugurated in 1871. By the end of the 19th century the
1016:
139:
begins with its contacts with the various people who sought to dominate western
2670:
The human fossils from Corbeddu Cave,. Sardinia: a reappraisal. Spoor, F., 1999
2604:
2551:
2403:
2372:
2324:
2189:
2022:
2018:
1854:
1706:
1635:
1569:
1546:
1426:
1391:
1379:
1258:
1238:
1195:
1162:
1132:
945:
922:
640:
513:
432:
421:
417:
398:
251:
215:
168:
2688:
Paolo Melis â Un approdo della costa di Castelsardo, fra etĂ nuragica e romana
2382:
Due to its proximity to the peninsula and the great development of tourism in
2167:, but was eventually outlawed in 1926. In 1924, the Italian Parliament led by
1651:
1012:
405:
of the late Neolithic and the Abealzu-Filigosa and Monte Claro culture of the
378:
played an important role. The old volcano was one of the central places where
250:
in 1324. The Iberian Kingdom was to last until 1718, when it was ceded to the
4163:
3662:
3516:
Greenpeace: «L'isola Ăš la regione piĂč inquinata d'Italia» â La Nuova Sardegna
3283:
Editto delle chiudende 1820: una pagina di conflittualitĂ nella storia sarda.
2481:
2407:
2026:
1782:
1616:
1589:
1321:
1254:
1075:
1059:
1008:
750:
722:
702:
448:
409:
period, developed in the island contemporaneously with the appearance of the
347:
338:
201:
140:
22:
1449:, boosted the agriculture in a land which was extremely underdeveloped. The
2761:
Nuovo studio dellâarcheologo Ugas: "Ă certo, i nuragici erano gli Shardana"
2618:
2520:
2469:
2378:
2279:
2177:
2097:
2073:
2045:
1904:
1512:
1438:
1399:
1219:
1175:
1079:
988:
976:
957:
953:
926:
574:
406:
276:
156:
1915:. Because of these successes, the representatives of nobility and clergy (
1747:
and official flag of Autonomous Region of Sardinia since 1999. Funeral of
3346:, by Nicola Gabriele (translated by Sally Davies), University of Cagliari
2473:
1786:
1422:
1418:
1040:
1028:
969:
898:
794:
787:
710:
606:
318:
148:
127:
Archaeological evidence of prehistoric human settlement on the island of
2892:
2890:
2780:
2371:"boom", mainly focused on beach holidays and luxury tourism, such as in
1766:, who managed to defeat the viceroyal army but was later crushed at the
1492:
4137:
3670:
3636:
2399:
2294:
2199:
2053:
2033:
1801:
1581:
1293:
1245:) that co-existed with, in the interior, pagan or semi-pagan cultures (
1191:
1000:
992:
949:
874:
738:
628:
375:
356:
3694:"The Sardinian Condaghi: Neglected Evidence for Mediaeval Sex Ratios."
2531:
2339:
2137:. His house, farm and tomb are now the most visited Sardinian museum (
1482:
881:(216 BC). A Roman army of 22,000 infantrymen and 1,200 cavalry, under
624:, which might constitute the first anthropomorphic statues of Europe.
4053:
2887:
2485:
2312:
2064:
had received 30 locomotives, 106 passenger cars, and 436 cargo cars.
2037:
1943:) with the expulsion of the officers for a few days from the capital
1864:
1516:
1375:
1347:
1341:
1297:
1215:
1199:
1170:
In the summer of 533 Vandal forces (5,000 men and 120 ships), led by
1048:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1004:
686:
386:
18:
3654:
1991:
were restored. In 1820, the Savoyards imposed the "Enclosures Act" (
1327:
681:
4058:
4048:
3847:
3842:
2547:
Cagliari, because these are easily reachable by ship and by plane.
2415:
2411:
2286:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2182:
1983:
only in 1814). At the end of the 18th century, the Universities of
1961:
1952:
1944:
1926:
1917:
1912:
1896:
1755:
1722:
1520:
1451:
1434:
1430:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1250:
1234:
1226:
1136:
1052:
996:
984:
906:
726:
714:
410:
379:
332:
160:
128:
3903:
3576:
Il codice barbaricino â Paola Sirigu, Davide Zedda Editore, p. 225
2902:
2875:
2816:
1580:. Only a year before the others Judicates and the Pisans besieged
730:
302:
135:
and other prehistoric monuments, which dot the land. The recorded
3598:
2580:
2564:
2560:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2383:
2368:
2356:
2316:
2290:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2126:
2093:
2057:
2010:
1948:
1794:
1600:
1560:. Gallura became by marriage â it had been inherited by a woman,
1374:
depending from Caralis grew increasingly independent, after that
1281:
1124:
1093:
1020:
980:
961:
902:
863:
855:
783:
718:
698:
690:
644:
636:
590:
452:
328:
205:
176:
132:
3616:
Brigaglia, Manlio; Mastino, Attilio; Ortu, Gian Giacomo (2006).
3459:"Sardinia: Militarization, Contamination and Cancer in Paradise"
805:
331:
finger bone, dated up to 250.000 BC, was found in a cave in the
3758:
2969:
Storia della Sardegna e della Corsica durante il dominio romano
2922:
2435:
2228:
2224:
2100:. His house and farm are now the most visited Sardinian museum.
2005:
1823:
1671:
1403:
1140:
965:
878:
660:
570:
444:
425:
364:
352:
231:
163:
in the late 6th century BC and then entirely by Rome after the
152:
26:
2375:. Today about ten million people visit the island every year.
2029:
and the basic legislation of the future united Italy as well.
1406:, and that they played a prestigious role in Medieval Europe.
463:
Archeological cultures of Sardinia in the pre-Nuragic period:
3553:
The Dynamics of Subversion and Violence in Contemporary Italy
3355:
3353:
2387:
2232:
2049:
1996:
1980:
1975:, and moved his court to Cagliari (his brother and successor
1790:
1207:
1171:
1152:
1148:
937:
894:
886:
779:
767:
706:
648:
593:, of which there are more than 8,000. The most famous is the
3189:
3187:
1225:
One of the few ethnic Sardinians known from this period was
1058:
In the year 212 AD, every inhabitant of the empire became a
3804:
3713:
Studi storici sulle istituzioni della Sardegna nel Medioevo
2656:
SardegnaCultura, Le piĂč antiche tracce della presenza umana
2556:
2443:
2427:
2134:
1951:
demonstrating against feudalism, mainly from the region of
1730:
914:
836:
755:
746:
742:
3687:
Dai "lumi" dalla patria Italiana: Cultura letteraria sarda
3350:
2334:
3263:
3184:
3106:
3058:
2319:
following the surrender of Italy to the Allies under the
2133:, where he moved because of the loss of his home town of
1678:
the Pisans were defeated again, both by land and sea, at
1123:, Sardinia was subject to several conquests. In 456, the
643:
excavations in Sardinia. The alleged connection with the
2979:
2977:
1288:, after more than 1.800 years of human occupation while
1210:
in 698 AD, when the island was likely aggregated to the
877:
and Hanno, broke out after the crushing Roman defeat at
3530:. GNOSIS, Italian Intelligence Magazine. Archived from
3447:
Dark truth behind Sardinia's holiday oasis, News.com.au
2271:
was executed after a failed assassination plot against
1891:, in command of the Sardinian fleet, defeated near the
1542:
soon became the true masters of the Sardinian economy.
167:(230 BC). The island was included for centuries in the
3555:â Vittorfranco Pisano, Hoover Institution Press (1987)
3414:
Sardegna, servitĂč militari â Official regional website
1634:
Kingdom of Sardinia in the Crown of Aragon and in the
1147:. In 533, Sardinia rebelled under the Vandal governor
960:) was founded in the north-west while the village of
3199:
3163:
3142:
3130:
3118:
3094:
3082:
3070:
3046:
3034:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2974:
2949:
2937:
1218:
fleet tried to attack Caralis and Turris Libissonis (
616:
The Nuragic Sards also produced a vast collection of
589:
Sardinia is characterised by stone structures called
458:
3615:
2908:
2896:
2881:
2822:
2594:
2359:
was successfully eliminated with the support of the
2251:. Also established during that time was the city of
2076:, thus becoming the 3rd richest man of the Kingdom.
1576:
families in 1259 after the death of its last judge,
345:, a phalanx dated to 18000 BC had been found in the
3258:
Angioy, il ribelle che voleva la felicitĂ dei sardi
1202:control. Sardinia was subsequently included in the
1194:, but the final fall of the Germanic resistance in
230:) in the 8th through 10th centuries. Falling under
3637:"Pope Innocent III, Sardinia, and the Papal State"
3618:Storia della Sardegna. Dalle origini al Settecento
2542:, resulting in major economic impact for Sardinia.
3769:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). pp. 210â218.
2775:Shardana, sardi nuragici: erano lo stesso popolo?
2700:Ancient Stones: The Prehistoric Dolmens of Sicily
2503:In 1983, for the first time ever a militant of a
2267:, was arrested and died in prison. The anarchist
2215:period, with the implementation of the policy of
1921:) formulated five requests addressed to the King
1607:family, who founded the important mining town of
4161:
2567:, in 1995, that brought to the birth of several
1463:There were four (historically known) Judicates:
1186:. The local governor sat in Caralis. During the
1104:
671:
668:), a mythological hero of the Nuragic pantheon.
3780:(25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.,
3363:, Lonely Planet Publications (June 2003), p. 17
3311:Su Connottu, la rivolta nuorese contro i Savoia
2834:
2239:was built, settled, after the World War II, by
1781:, a French army of 4000 men led by the Italian
1725:, the Arborean capital, fell on 29 March 1410.
1394:, which defined them as "Princes". A letter by
1082:, and in 324 AD, under the rule of the emperor
869:A revolt, led by two Sardo-Punic notables from
3253:
3251:
2484:: between the 1970s and the early 1980s, some
2159:the ex-combatants organized themselves into a
2032:New urban plans and new villages (for example
246:, which eventually subsumed the island as the
234:, Sardinia became the focus of the rivalry of
3825:
3735:
3704:D. Scano, "Serie cronol. dei giudici sardi."
2347:In 1946 more than 60% of Sardinians voted in
1402:proves that the Judicates were known even in
1166:Byzantine era church of San Giovanni di Sinis
327:is dated to 8.5 million years ago. In 1996 a
108:
3326:, Fiorenzo Caterini, Carlo Delfino editore,
2777:, Interview with Giovanni Ugas (in Italian)"
2117:in 1861, the Kingdom of Sardinia became the
2110:100,000 hectares at the end of the century.
1824:Kingdom of Sardinia under the House of Savoy
1785:attacked the north of the island, besieging
1523:, which put them under the authority of the
1159:of Sardinia, asking the Byzantines for aid.
3248:
3160:Almanacco scolastico della Sardegna, p. 101
1835:Sardinia was disputed between 1700 and 1720
1092:Italian diocese, until the conquest by the
762:, administered by plenipotentiaries called
3832:
3818:
2920:
2702:. Abingdon: Brazen Head Publishing, 2013,
1350:("held by judges") appeared. The title of
721:and founded a vast trading network in the
441:House of the Fairies, House of the Witches
115:
101:
3805:Archaeology and short history of Sardinia
3275:
3245:, Carlo Pala, Carocci Editore, 2016, p.77
1527:, superseding the ancient primacy of the
1370:). In the 8th and 9th centuries the four
1214:. In 599 and during the 7th century, the
1178:; thenceforth the island was part of the
658:The name of the island could result from
424:) through by the Sardinian coast even in
3233:, Dana Facaros & Michael Pauls, 2003
2801:Stephen L. Dyson and Robert J. Rowland,
2530:
2377:
2338:
2198:
2083:
2004:
1863:
1738:
1650:
1491:
1481:
1335:
1326:
1190:, much of the island fell easily to the
1161:
830:
818:
804:
680:
676:
569:
301:
291:
275:
17:
3746:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
2492:militant groups, the most famous being
2390:is the busiest Italian passengers port.
2335:Italian Republic and Sardinian autonomy
2175:) to establish a budget of one billion
1584:and deposed the last ruler of Cagliari
841:Museo archeologico nazionale (Cagliari)
758:to Caralis, consolidating the existing
175:, which would be incorporated into the
4162:
3589:
3269:
3205:
3193:
3169:
3148:
3136:
3124:
3112:
3100:
3088:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2983:
2955:
2943:
2719:Giovanni Ugas-L'Alba dei Nuraghi p. 12
1947:. On 28 December 1795, insurgents in
1879:In 1793 Sardinians twice defeated the
1655:Depiction of the battle of Sanluri by
1622:
3813:
3774:Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Sardinia",
3753:
3634:
3297:A su connottu: la ribellione del 1868
2454:the military activities would cause.
2072:achieved the property of the mine of
1271:PisanâGenoese expeditions to Sardinia
964:become perphans a Roman colony under
647:, one of the sea peoples who invaded
639:, is clear from pottery recovered in
397:. Later, important cultures like the
359:human remains had been discovered at
3567:â Paola Sirigu, Davide Zedda Editore
3260:, La Nuova Sardegna, Franciscu Sedda
2933:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2805:(UPenn Museum of Archaeology, 2007:
2430:) and the rest of Europe (mostly in
314:The oldest trace in Sardinia of the
2104:
1417:. The late 11th-century arrival of
1249:). The ruler of one of the latter,
13:
4034:Archaeological and artistic sights
3729:
3701:, Vol. 4 (1982), pp. 117â122.
3528:"Sardinia, a political laboratory"
2909:Brigaglia, Mastino & Ortu 2006
2897:Brigaglia, Mastino & Ortu 2006
2882:Brigaglia, Mastino & Ortu 2006
2823:Brigaglia, Mastino & Ortu 2006
1820:sacked Oristano for about a week.
1694:in 1297, that was included in the
1674:, in Southern Sardinia. After the
459:Chronology of Pre-Nuragic Sardinia
341:appeared in the island during the
14:
4196:
3793:
3219:Storia dei sardi e della Sardegna
2921:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2450:expressing deep concern over the
2283:Sardinia was a theatre of bombing
1662:In 1323 an Aragonese army, under
1139:and deported a number of African
689:and then Punic and Roman town of
565:
3902:
3841:
2611:
2597:
2323:, and the island, together with
1971:was ousted from Piedmont by the
1437:, especially the monasteries of
1264:
1182:, included as a province in the
952:within the 1st century AD and a
846:In 240 BC, in the course of the
766:, and founding new ones such as
35:
3725:(1-8), La Nuova Sardegna, 2017.
3689:. Modena: Mucchi Editore, 1996.
3635:Moore, John C. (January 1987).
3570:
3558:
3546:
3520:
3509:
3483:
3451:
3440:
3429:
3418:
3407:
3381:
3366:
3336:
3317:
3303:
3289:
3236:
3224:
3211:
3175:
3154:
3025:
2961:
2914:
2828:
2795:
2632:History of the Jews in Sardinia
2550:Today Sardinia is a phasing-in
2121:. Since 1855 the national hero
2079:
1899:. Millelire received the first
1184:Praetorian prefecture of Africa
800:
3976:List of presidents of Sardinia
3620:. Roma-Bari: Laterza Editore.
2842:. Carlo Delfino Editore: 38â39
2765:
2754:
2739:
2722:
2713:
2692:
2681:
2663:
2649:
2526:historical language minorities
2367:led to the birth of Sardinian
2151:the Sardinian soldiers of the
1923:Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
1643:Aragonese conquest of Sardinia
1346:From the mid-11th century the
1275:Starting from 705 to 706, the
1099:
609:), the megara temples and the
367:but also in the south (Sirri,
310:dated to the 3rd millennium BC
1:
3786:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t
3749:. London: Walton and Maberly.
3583:
2627:History of mining in Sardinia
2575:based on the island, such as
2125:bought most of the island of
1885:French expedition to Sardinia
1861:became the King of Sardinia.
1839:War of the Spanish Succession
1378:was totally cut off from the
1105:Vandals, Goths and Byzantines
1019:(also called Cornenses), the
749:. After the Phoenicians, the
741:was important for the metals
737:area. The mining area of the
672:Early and classical antiquity
664:(known amongst the Romans as
605:(for example Santa Cristina,
286:oldest buildings in the world
265:
4180:History of the Mediterranean
3373:Esu, Aide; Maddanu, Simone.
2223:), populated by people from
1901:Gold Medal of Military Valor
1851:recovered the island in 1717
1670:, disembarked near Palma di
297:Necropolis of Pranu Mutteddu
7:
3777:Haydn's Dictionary of Dates
2590:
2569:telecommunication companies
2203:The "fascist coal-city" of
1690:, established nominally by
599:province of Medio Campidano
10:
4201:
2573:internet service providers
2194:Nobel Prize for Literature
2009:The mine of Montevecchio,
1931:"Moti rivoluzionari sardi"
1827:
1640:
1626:
1339:
1292:was abandoned in favor of
1284:was abandoned in favor of
1268:
1108:
858:it formed the province of
579:
374:Already in the Stone Age,
269:
185:in 3rd and 7th centuries.
131:is present in the form of
4148:
4074:
3994:
3961:
3911:
3900:
3854:
3601:: Carlo Delfino Editore.
2675:24 September 2015 at the
2452:environmental degradation
2263:, one of the founders of
1443:Saint-Victor de Marseille
1425:and other monks from the
1384:Muslim conquest of Sicily
1176:Vandal collapse in Africa
1155:, who proclaimed himself
956:named Turris Libissonis (
919:Marcus Caecilius Metellus
389:began in Sardinia in the
200:influence in the western
64:PhoenicianâPunic Sardinia
3855:Administrative divisions
3591:Casula, Francesco Cesare
2835:Piero Bartoloni (2004).
2642:
2498:Sardinian Armed Movement
2365:Italian economic miracle
2363:. In the same years the
1887:). On 23 February 1793,
1875:enters in Sassari (1795)
1818:Henri, Count of Harcourt
1331:The main four Judicates.
893:that took place between
524:Abealzu-Filigosa culture
3766:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3719:Francesco Cesare CasĂčla
3692:Robert J. Rowland Jr.,
2265:Italian Communist Party
2052:was established, using
2042:Santa Teresa di Gallura
1743:Historical flag of the
1676:fall of Villa di Chiesa
1529:Archdiocese of Cagliari
1507:The initiatives of the
1499:, the major example of
1135:. The Vandals followed
1064:Constitutio Antoniniana
883:Titus Manlius Torquatus
793:Tharros, Nora, Bithia,
192:, through the European
4066:National football team
3788:– via HathiTrust
3361:Lonely Planet Sardinia
2863:Cite journal requires
2813:), p. 101 (with refs).
2637:List of Nuragic tribes
2543:
2517:Partito Sardo d'Azione
2509:Sardinian Action Party
2459:petrochemical industry
2391:
2361:Rockefeller Foundation
2344:
2321:Armistice of Cassibile
2208:
2171:passed a bill (called
2165:Sardinian Action Party
2101:
2070:Giovanni Antonio Sanna
2014:
1993:editto delle chiudende
1911:, near the Capital of
1876:
1871:, the Emissary of the
1806:University of Cagliari
1751:
1727:William II of Narbonne
1703:Marianus IV of Arborea
1659:
1564:â a possession of the
1504:
1489:
1386:in 827. A letter from
1332:
1167:
1143:in the island such as
1119:After the fall of the
843:
828:
816:
693:
653:University of Cagliari
622:giants of Mont'e Prama
577:
470:Archaeological culture
440:
311:
299:
289:
280:Prehistoric temple of
29:
4024:Sa die de sa Sardigna
3971:Elections in Sardinia
3723:La storia di Sardegna
3685:Laura Sannia Nowé, .
3595:La Storia di Sardegna
3565:Il codice barbaricino
3344:A History of Sardinia
2930:Catholic Encyclopedia
2534:
2464:Among other factors,
2381:
2342:
2202:
2173:la legge del miliardo
2161:Sardinian nationalist
2139:Compendio Garibaldino
2131:Maddalena archipelago
2087:
2008:
1957:Giovanni Maria Angioy
1940:sa die de sa Sardigna
1893:Maddalena archipelago
1869:Giovanni Maria Angioy
1867:
1810:University of Sassari
1772:North African pirates
1742:
1654:
1647:SardinianâCatalan war
1641:Further information:
1599:About the same time,
1497:Basilica di Saccargia
1495:
1485:
1336:Judicates (Judicados)
1330:
1269:Further information:
1206:until its end by the
1165:
1109:Further information:
1084:Constantine the Great
1078:during the empire of
852:naval battle of Sulci
834:
822:
808:
735:Etruscan civilization
684:
677:Phoenician settlement
631:had contact with the
627:It is known that the
573:
411:megalithic phenomenon
324:Oreopithecus bambolii
305:
295:
279:
21:
3926:Sardinia and Corsica
3497:on 13 September 2018
3221:, Volume 3 pp. 55â56
2748:Dizionario di Storia
2478:political subversion
2115:Unification of Italy
2017:In 1847, under King
1797:for almost a month.
1777:In 1527, during the
1764:marquess of Oristano
1657:Giovanni Marghinotti
1540:Repubbliche Marinare
1237:). According to the
1212:Exarchate of Ravenna
1121:Western Roman Empire
913:, who, according to
582:Nuragic civilization
474:Years before Christ
272:Pre-Nuragic Sardinia
196:, the waning of the
173:Sardinia and Corsica
69:Sardinia and Corsica
59:Nuragic civilization
54:Pre-Nuragic Sardinia
4170:History of Sardinia
4029:Tourist attractions
3534:on 18 December 2007
3272:, pp. 472â475.
3196:, pp. 303â304.
3115:, pp. 146â151.
3067:, pp. 131â133.
2698:Salvatore Piccolo,
2563:, and invented the
2308:Operation Mincemeat
1969:Charles Emmanuel IV
1841:it was assigned to
1830:Kingdom of Sardinia
1745:Kingdom of Sardinia
1688:Kingdom of Sardinia
1629:Kingdom of Sardinia
1623:Kingdom of Sardinia
1525:Archdiocese of Pisa
1509:Gregorian reformers
1427:Italian Mezzogiorno
1360:Exarchate of Africa
1204:Exarchate of Africa
1145:Fulgentius of Ruspe
1129:East Germanic tribe
860:Corsica et Sardinia
760:Phoenician colonies
729:, Spain, the river
595:complex of Barumini
544:Bell Beaker culture
534:Monte Claro culture
504:San Ciriaco culture
494:Bonu Ighinu culture
248:Kingdom of Sardinia
194:barbarian movements
182:Italia suburbicaria
145:classical antiquity
137:history of Sardinia
89:Kingdom of Sardinia
84:Sardinian Judicates
45:History of Sardinia
3217:Massimo Guidetti,
3181:R.J.Rowland, 1982.
2734:Modern Antiquarian
2728:C. Michael Hogan,
2544:
2396:Piani di Rinascita
2392:
2349:favour of monarchy
2345:
2300:Operation Hawthorn
2209:
2157:Irish independence
2123:Giuseppe Garibaldi
2102:
2015:
1897:Napoleon Bonaparte
1889:Domenico Millelire
1877:
1859:Vittorio Amedeo II
1843:Emperor Charles VI
1800:In 1566 the first
1779:Franco-Spanish War
1752:
1749:Charles I of Spain
1705:, allied with the
1692:Pope Boniface VIII
1660:
1613:Eleanor of Arborea
1505:
1490:
1487:Eleanor of Arborea
1333:
1310:Maritime Republics
1229:, a leader of the
1168:
1115:Byzantine Sardinia
942:Sardinian language
921:in 115-111 BC and
844:
829:
825:Roman amphitheatre
817:
694:
620:and the so-called
578:
312:
300:
290:
79:Byzantine Sardinia
30:
4185:History by island
4157:
4156:
3981:Political parties
3715:. Cagliari: 1917.
3706:Arch. stor. sardo
3627:978-88-420-7839-5
3608:978-88-7138-084-1
3359:Simonis, Damien.
3332:978-88-7138-704-8
3313:, I Love Sardinia
2899:, pp. 30â31.
2736:, 23 January 2008
2536:Low-cost carriers
1977:Victor Emmanuel I
1909:Quartu Sant'Elena
1847:Philip V of Spain
1768:Battle of Macomer
1719:Battle of Sanluri
1715:Brancaleone Doria
1605:della Gherardesca
1566:House of Visconti
1320:, called by Pope
1302:MujÄhid al-ÊżÄmirÄ«
979:, the geographer
911:Tiberius Gracchus
909:were defeated by
618:bronze statuettes
603:holy well temples
563:
562:
554:Bonnanaro culture
484:Filiestru culture
403:Arzachena culture
391:6th millennium BC
343:Upper Paleolithic
190:Early Middle Ages
125:
124:
4192:
4105:Corso-Sardinian
3906:
3846:
3845:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3789:
3770:
3762:
3760:"Sardinia"
3750:
3682:
3631:
3612:
3577:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3524:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3493:. Archived from
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3464:. Archived from
3463:
3455:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3391:. Archived from
3385:
3379:
3370:
3364:
3357:
3348:
3340:
3334:
3321:
3315:
3307:
3301:
3299:, Contus Antigus
3293:
3287:
3285:Sardegna Foreste
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3246:
3243:Idee di Sardegna
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2972:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2924:"Sardinia"
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2779:. Archived from
2769:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:(2011), Treccani
2743:
2737:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2540:Fertilia Airport
2448:protest movement
2273:Benito Mussolini
2169:Benito Mussolini
2119:Kingdom of Italy
2105:Kingdom of Italy
1787:Castellaragonese
1711:Peace of Sanluri
1684:gulf of Cagliari
1558:Republic of Pisa
1550:House of Cervera
1501:Pisan Romanesque
1368:Judex Provinciae
1247:Gens Barbaricina
1222:), but in vain.
1180:Byzantine Empire
466:
465:
260:Kingdom of Italy
198:Byzantine Empire
117:
110:
103:
39:
32:
31:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4144:
4070:
3990:
3957:
3907:
3898:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3796:
3773:
3732:
3730:Further reading
3655:10.2307/2852567
3628:
3609:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3471:on 26 June 2016
3468:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3395:on 4 April 2019
3387:
3386:
3382:
3377:, SAGE Journals
3371:
3367:
3358:
3351:
3341:
3337:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3216:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2975:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2864:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2783:on 5 April 2020
2771:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2755:
2744:
2740:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2682:
2677:Wayback Machine
2668:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2466:economic crisis
2353:self-governance
2337:
2304:Operation Husky
2269:Michele Schirru
2261:Antonio Gramsci
2153:Brigata Sassari
2149:First World War
2107:
2082:
1881:French invaders
1832:
1826:
1760:Leonardo Alagon
1696:Crown of Aragon
1649:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1609:Villa di Chiesa
1594:Dante Alighieri
1531:on the island.
1471:(or Pluminos),
1388:Pope Nicholas I
1344:
1338:
1273:
1267:
1117:
1111:Vandal Sardinia
1107:
1102:
936:prevailed, and
848:First Punic War
835:Marble bust of
814:Fluminimaggiore
803:
786:and prohibited
679:
674:
584:
568:
480:Cardium pottery
461:
395:Cardial culture
321:primate called
316:anthropomorphic
282:Monte d'Accoddi
274:
268:
244:Crown of Aragon
232:papal influence
165:First Punic War
121:
74:Vandal Sardinia
12:
11:
5:
4198:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3892:South Sardinia
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3837:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3795:
3794:External links
3792:
3791:
3790:
3771:
3751:
3739:, ed. (1854).
3731:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3690:
3683:
3632:
3626:
3613:
3607:
3597:(in Italian).
3585:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3569:
3557:
3545:
3519:
3508:
3482:
3450:
3439:
3428:
3417:
3406:
3380:
3365:
3349:
3335:
3316:
3302:
3288:
3274:
3262:
3247:
3235:
3223:
3210:
3208:, p. 372.
3198:
3183:
3174:
3172:, p. 177.
3162:
3153:
3151:, p. 163.
3141:
3139:, p. 160.
3129:
3127:, p. 148.
3117:
3105:
3103:, p. 142.
3093:
3091:, p. 135.
3081:
3079:, p. 134.
3069:
3057:
3055:, p. 128.
3045:
3043:, p. 117.
3033:
3024:
3022:, p. 116.
3012:
3010:, p. 108.
3000:
2998:, p. 114.
2988:
2986:, p. 110.
2973:
2960:
2958:, p. 107.
2948:
2946:, p. 104.
2936:
2913:
2901:
2886:
2874:
2865:|journal=
2827:
2815:
2794:
2764:
2753:
2738:
2721:
2712:
2691:
2680:
2662:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2608:
2605:History portal
2592:
2589:
2494:Barbagia Rossa
2373:Costa Smeralda
2336:
2333:
2325:Southern Italy
2190:Grazia Deledda
2163:movement, the
2106:
2103:
2088:The statue of
2081:
2078:
2062:Royal Railways
2023:Perfect fusion
2019:Charles Albert
1855:House of Savoy
1828:Main article:
1825:
1822:
1638:
1636:Spanish Empire
1632:
1627:Main article:
1624:
1621:
1592:, a friend of
1554:House of Massa
1392:Pope John VIII
1380:Tyrrhenian Sea
1340:Main article:
1337:
1334:
1304:(Latinized as
1266:
1263:
1259:Pope Symmachus
1239:Pope Gregory I
1196:mainland Italy
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
946:Roman religion
927:Imperial times
923:Titus Albucius
891:pitched battle
802:
799:
678:
675:
673:
670:
641:archaeological
611:Giants' graves
580:Main article:
567:
566:Nuragic period
564:
561:
560:
557:
550:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
520:
519:
516:
514:Ozieri culture
510:
509:
506:
500:
499:
496:
490:
489:
486:
476:
475:
472:
460:
457:
433:Domus de Janas
418:Western Europe
399:Ozieri culture
361:Su Coloru cave
267:
264:
252:House of Savoy
169:Roman province
123:
122:
120:
119:
112:
105:
97:
94:
93:
92:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4197:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4152:
4147:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3756:
3755:Ashby, Thomas
3752:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3737:William Smith
3734:
3733:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3649:(1): 81â101.
3648:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3573:
3566:
3561:
3554:
3549:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3512:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3467:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3410:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3220:
3214:
3207:
3202:
3195:
3190:
3188:
3178:
3171:
3166:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3031:Ptol. III, 3.
3028:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2971:, tomo I p.73
2970:
2967:Ettore Pais,
2964:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2917:
2911:, p. 28.
2910:
2905:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2884:, p. 27.
2883:
2878:
2870:
2857:
2838:
2837:"Monte Sirai"
2831:
2825:, p. 25.
2824:
2819:
2812:
2811:1-934536-02-4
2808:
2804:
2798:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2768:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2716:
2709:
2708:9780956510624
2705:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2609:
2606:
2595:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2577:Video On Line
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2513:Partidu Sardu
2510:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2482:Anonima sarda
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:Central Italy
2405:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2027:unitary state
2024:
2020:
2012:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:In 1799 King
1965:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1783:Renzo da Ceri
1780:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:King James II
1665:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1617:Carta de Logu
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:(or Torres),
1466:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:Benedict VIII
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1265:Saracen raids
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:Pope Hilarius
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:Roman citizen
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:Lucuidonenses
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
968:. Four great
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
873:and Tharros,
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
842:
838:
833:
826:
823:Ruins of the
821:
815:
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807:
798:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
751:Carthaginians
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:Mediterranean
720:
716:
713:and Caralis (
712:
708:
704:
700:
692:
688:
685:Ruins of the
683:
669:
667:
663:
662:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
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600:
596:
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558:
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547:
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541:
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531:
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521:
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515:
512:
511:
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501:
497:
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492:
491:
487:
485:
481:
478:
477:
473:
471:
468:
467:
464:
456:
454:
450:
449:Statue menhir
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
348:Corbeddu cave
344:
340:
339:Modern humans
336:
334:
330:
326:
325:
320:
317:
309:
304:
298:
294:
287:
284:, one of the
283:
278:
273:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:Mediterranean
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
183:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:Mediterranean
138:
134:
130:
118:
113:
111:
106:
104:
99:
98:
96:
95:
90:
87:
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82:
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52:
51:
50:
49:
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43:
42:
38:
34:
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24:
23:Statue menhir
20:
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3912:
3776:
3764:
3745:
3722:
3712:
3705:
3696:
3686:
3646:
3640:
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3594:
3572:
3564:
3560:
3552:
3548:
3536:. Retrieved
3532:the original
3522:
3511:
3499:. Retrieved
3495:the original
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3466:the original
3453:
3442:
3431:
3420:
3409:
3397:. Retrieved
3393:the original
3383:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3343:
3338:
3323:
3319:
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3305:
3296:
3291:
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3277:
3265:
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3230:
3226:
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3213:
3201:
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3165:
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3144:
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3096:
3084:
3072:
3060:
3048:
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2991:
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2916:
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2877:
2856:cite journal
2844:. Retrieved
2830:
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2802:
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2781:the original
2774:
2767:
2756:
2747:
2741:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2699:
2694:
2683:
2665:
2659:(in Italian)
2651:
2619:Italy portal
2549:
2545:
2521:independence
2516:
2512:
2502:
2493:
2470:unemployment
2463:
2456:
2402:migrated to
2395:
2393:
2346:
2280:World War II
2277:
2257:
2210:
2187:
2176:
2172:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2112:
2108:
2098:La Maddalena
2080:United Italy
2074:Montevecchio
2066:
2056:such as the
2046:Carlo Felice
2031:
2016:
1999:
1992:
1979:returned to
1966:
1938:
1935:Vespri sardi
1934:
1930:
1916:
1905:Italian Navy
1878:
1837:. After the
1833:
1814:
1799:
1789:and sacking
1776:
1753:
1700:
1680:Lucocisterna
1661:
1598:
1544:
1533:
1513:Montecassino
1506:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1439:Montecassino
1415:Eastern Rite
1410:
1408:
1400:Pope John XV
1371:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1305:
1274:
1246:
1243:provinciales
1242:
1231:Barbaricinos
1230:
1224:
1220:Porto Torres
1169:
1156:
1118:
1089:suburbicaria
1087:
1080:Diocletianus
1071:
1067:
1057:
1017:Ăchilenenses
977:Roman period
974:
958:Porto Torres
954:Roman colony
934:Romanization
931:
868:
845:
839:from Olbia,
810:Antas Temple
801:Roman Empire
792:
763:
695:
666:Sardus Pater
665:
659:
657:
626:
615:
585:
575:Nuraghe Losa
462:
430:
415:
407:Chalcolithic
384:
373:
360:
346:
337:
322:
313:
227:
219:
209:
187:
180:
136:
126:
44:
15:
4099:Campidanese
3986:Nationalism
3921:Nuragic era
3698:Florilegium
3270:Casula 1994
3206:Casula 1994
3194:Casula 1994
3170:Casula 1994
3149:Casula 1994
3137:Casula 1994
3125:Casula 1994
3113:Casula 1994
3101:Casula 1994
3089:Casula 1994
3077:Casula 1994
3065:Casula 1994
3053:Casula 1994
3041:Casula 1994
3020:Casula 1994
3008:Casula 1994
2996:Casula 1994
2984:Casula 1994
2956:Casula 1994
2944:Casula 1994
2787:13 February
2585:Andala UMTS
2583:(1998) and
2507:party, the
2505:nationalist
2490:nationalist
2474:kidnappings
2211:During the
2188:The writer
2147:During the
2000:Su Connottu
1973:French army
1682:and in the
1596:, in 1288.
1586:William III
1503:in Sardinia
1447:Vallombrosa
1423:Camaldolese
1419:Benedictine
1233:(people of
1188:Gothic Wars
1100:Middle Ages
1096:in 456 AD.
1041:Neapolitani
1029:Corpicenses
1013:Ăsaronenses
975:During the
899:Decimomannu
827:of Cagliari
795:Monte Sirai
788:fruit trees
607:Paulilatino
422:Bell Beaker
319:prehistoric
262:" in 1861.
149:Phoenicians
4164:Categories
4151:Categories
4138:Tabarchino
4094:Logudorese
4044:Sardinians
3741:"Sardinia"
3711:A. Solmi,
3584:References
3538:5 February
2846:28 October
2400:Sardinians
2295:Royal Navy
2249:Yugoslavia
2245:Dalmatians
2054:steamboats
2034:Carloforte
1802:typography
1582:Santa Igia
1294:Santa Igia
1198:reassured
1192:Ostrogoths
1001:Cunusitani
993:Coracenses
950:Municipium
875:Hampsicora
862:, under a
739:Iglesiente
687:Phoenician
629:Sardinians
587:Bronze Age
559:1800â1600
556:(A phase)
548:2100â1800
538:2400â2100
528:2700â2400
518:3200â2700
508:3400â3200
498:4000â3400
488:6000â4000
376:Monte Arci
357:Mesolithic
306:Dolmen of
270:See also:
266:Prehistory
242:, and the
4126:Algherese
4114:Sassarese
4109:Gallurese
4089:Sardinian
4076:Languages
4054:Corsicans
3931:Judicates
3867:Provinces
3679:162788264
3663:0038-7134
2746:Sardi in
2730:"Cydonia"
2538:frequent
2486:communist
2327:, became
2313:Wehrmacht
2196:in 1926.
2113:With the
2090:Garibaldi
2038:Calasetta
1845:in 1714,
1793:and then
1666:, son of
1574:Malaspina
1556:from the
1517:Marseille
1457:condaghes
1452:condaghes
1396:Mieszko I
1376:Byzantium
1348:Judicates
1342:Giudicati
1300:, led by
1298:Balearics
1216:Longobard
1200:Byzantine
1086:, in the
1068:Municipia
1049:Solcitani
1045:Valentini
1037:Siculensi
1033:Scapitani
1025:Celsitani
1005:Salcitani
633:Myceneans
437:Sardinian
393:with the
387:Neolithic
228:Judicados
224:Sardinian
211:Judicates
143:trade in
4175:Sardinia
4133:Ligurian
4059:Italians
4049:Catalans
3963:Politics
3948:Monarchs
3941:Viceroys
3882:Oristano
3872:Cagliari
3862:Communes
3848:Sardinia
3757:(1911).
3642:Speculum
3593:(1994).
3231:Sardinia
2710:, p. 32.
2673:Archived
2591:See also
2587:(1999).
2579:(1993),
2496:and the
2416:Piedmont
2412:Lombardy
2404:Northern
2287:Cagliari
2253:Carbonia
2241:Istrians
2237:Fertilia
2235:, where
2205:Carbonia
2192:won the
2183:Cagliari
1989:Cagliari
1962:loyalist
1953:Logudoro
1945:Cagliari
1927:Cagliari
1918:Stamenti
1913:Cagliari
1849:briefly
1808:and the
1756:Americas
1723:Oristano
1701:In 1353
1578:Adelasia
1521:Holy See
1469:Cagliari
1465:Logudoro
1435:Provence
1431:Lombardy
1411:curators
1362:in 582 (
1354:(judge,
1286:Oristano
1277:Saracens
1251:Ospitone
1235:Barbagia
1227:Ospitone
1137:Arianism
1072:Coloniae
1053:Noritani
1051:and the
1043:and the
1035:and the
1027:and the
1007:and the
999:and the
997:Carenses
987:and the
985:Tibulati
907:Ilienses
905:and the
776:Neapolis
764:Suffetes
733:and the
727:Carthage
715:Cagliari
591:nuraghes
451:and the
401:and the
380:obsidian
335:region.
333:Logudoro
256:Piedmont
220:Judicati
204:and the
161:Carthage
133:nuraghes
129:Sardinia
4121:Catalan
4084:Italian
4002:Cuisine
3995:Culture
3936:Kingdom
3913:History
3887:Sassari
3708:. 1939.
3671:2852567
3599:Sassari
3501:8 March
3475:21 June
3399:18 July
2581:Tiscali
2565:webmail
2561:website
2480:of the
2440:Belgium
2432:Germany
2424:Tuscany
2420:Liguria
2384:Gallura
2369:tourist
2357:malaria
2317:Corsica
2291:Alghero
2278:During
2221:Arborea
2217:autarky
2213:Fascist
2129:in the
2127:Caprera
2094:Caprera
2058:Gulnara
2011:Guspini
1997:Nuorese
1985:Sassari
1949:Sassari
1903:of the
1873:Viceroy
1795:Sassari
1734:florins
1664:Alfonso
1601:Sassari
1547:Catalan
1536:Genoese
1477:Gallura
1473:Arborea
1382:by the
1290:Caralis
1282:Tharros
1141:Bishops
1125:Vandals
1094:Vandals
1076:diocese
1062:by the
1021:Rucensi
981:Ptolemy
962:Usellus
903:Balares
864:praetor
856:Corsica
784:cereals
719:Lebanon
699:Tharros
691:Tharros
645:Sherden
637:Kydonia
597:in the
453:dolmens
443:), the
351:, near
329:hominid
254:; from
206:Saracen
188:In the
177:diocese
4039:People
4017:Anthem
3953:Mining
3677:
3669:
3661:
3624:
3605:
3330:
2809:
2706:
2436:France
2229:Friuli
2225:Veneto
1672:Sulcis
1538:. The
1404:Poland
1372:partes
1364:Prases
1356:judike
1306:Museto
1047:, the
1039:, the
1031:, the
1023:, the
1015:, the
1011:, the
1003:, the
995:, the
991:, the
966:Trajan
944:. The
879:Cannae
871:Cornus
772:Cornus
703:Bithia
661:Sardus
445:menhir
426:Sicily
420:(e.g.
365:Laerru
353:Oliena
157:Romans
153:Punics
27:Laconi
4012:Music
3877:Nuoro
3675:S2CID
3667:JSTOR
3469:(PDF)
3462:(PDF)
2840:(PDF)
2643:Notes
2388:Olbia
2247:from
2233:Nurra
2050:Genoa
1981:Turin
1857:, so
1791:Sorso
1707:Doria
1570:Doria
1562:Elena
1352:Judex
1318:Genoa
1208:Arabs
1172:Tzazo
1149:Godas
1133:Mauri
1127:, an
989:Corsi
970:roads
938:Latin
895:Sestu
887:Milis
812:near
780:grain
768:Olbia
731:RhĂŽne
707:Sulci
649:Egypt
369:Arbus
308:Mores
236:Genoa
216:Latin
25:from
4007:Flag
3659:ISSN
3622:ISBN
3603:ISBN
3540:2015
3503:2015
3477:2016
3401:2016
3328:ISBN
2869:help
2848:2016
2807:ISBN
2789:2017
2704:ISBN
2571:and
2557:CRS4
2488:and
2476:and
2468:and
2444:NATO
2438:and
2428:Rome
2426:and
2406:and
2329:free
2289:and
2243:and
2227:and
2178:lire
2135:Nice
2040:and
1987:and
1933:or "
1731:gold
1645:and
1590:Nino
1572:and
1515:and
1475:and
1445:and
1433:and
1316:and
1314:Pisa
1257:and
1153:Goth
1151:, a
1113:and
1070:and
915:Livy
897:and
837:Nero
782:and
774:and
756:Bosa
747:zinc
745:and
743:lead
711:Nora
447:and
385:The
240:Pisa
155:and
3782:hdl
3651:doi
2315:to
2141:).
2092:in
1960:by
1398:to
1366:or
1312:of
1157:rex
482:or
371:).
363:of
179:of
171:of
4166::
3763:.
3743:.
3721:,
3673:.
3665:.
3657:.
3647:62
3645:.
3639:.
3352:^
3250:^
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2927:.
2889:^
2860::
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2854:{{
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