334:(1047) and on this occasion Nèel, Viscount of Cotentin, fled to Brittany and forfeited his fief in Guernsey. This battle is described by Wace in his poem "Roman du Rou". In any case, in this version too, Sampson d'Anneville stands at the beginning of the actual feudal settlement of the island. Sampson built a manor house called Manor d'Anneville and had two sons. The founding of the Seigneurie and fief d'Anneville in one quarter of the island, followed by the settlement of various Norman lords, means that feudal settlement and organisation of the island had already taken place before the Conquest. This tradition, of course, underlines the special character of Guernsey. It is echoed by many historians. Other historians, such as James Marr, suggest that this second phase of development was longer and continued after the death of William in 1087 and the rise of Geoffrey of Anjou.
80:
482:
813:
3661:
541:
391:
2093:
613:, 608 prizes were taken by Guernsey privateers. there was however a downside with about 50 ships being lost. To spread the risk, people would buy a share in a ship, (⅛ for instance) receiving a portion of prize monies after costs, if successful. Many Islanders became rich without ever setting foot on a sailing vessel. Ships became larger, with more crew and were better armed as more money was invested. Late in the 18th century, during the
657:. London issued 5,632 letters of Marque of which Guernsey captains received 602, amongst around 70 ships varying in size from 5 to 500 ton. The Letter of Marque would set out which countries' ships could be taken, by which ship, owned by which people. Ships also became stronger and better armed. The war saw the introduction of a series of UK Privateer Acts, to set out rules of valuation of prizes to reduce disputes in Court.
310:, to the monks. Furthermore, in 1061, when pirates attacked and pillaged the Island, a complaint was made to Duke William. He sent over Sampson D'Anneville, who succeeded, with the aid of the monks, in driving the pirates out. For this service, Sampson D' Anneville and the monks were rewarded with a grant of half the Island between them. The portion that went to the monastery was known as
958:
with divergence to related industries, such as captive insurance and fund management have managed to keep unemployment low. Tourism declined in the 1980s when the price of a holiday in Spain became much cheaper than coming to
Guernsey, leaving the island aiming to attract the higher end of the market.
593:
The
Newfoundland cod trade was important to Guernsey until around 1700 when the small Guernsey ships found that the smuggling trade could prove more profitable, with Island businesses established to buy in goods for sale to smugglers until smuggling declined at the end of the 18th century, when legal
520:
The French and piracy were problems to trade with
Guernsey in the 16th century, requiring English naval ships to keep them at bay. Guernsey and Jersey were given certain privileges as the English crown needed the Islands to be loyal, not least of which was the Islands neutrality, allowing trade to be
937:
After 1945 the
Islanders had to rebuild their lives, the return of evacuees, especially children who could hardly remember their relatives. Many properties had been damaged through wood being stripped from them for fuel, the island had an enormous debt, tourism was destroyed and the growing industry
727:
The quarrying industry was an important employer in the 19th century, Guernsey granite was highly prized, with London Bridge and many important London roads being repaved in
Guernsey granite, resulting in hundreds of quarries appearing in the northern parishes. Horticulture developed from the use of
957:
During the 1970s and 1980s the island began to boom in the finance industry. Not an easy transition for people from the growing industry to an office environment. Profits and salaries were good and the Island had revenues to support long term capital expenditure plans. Continuing through the 1990s
953:
was booming, 500 million tomatoes being exported annually, then came the crash. Cheap North Sea fuel allowed the
Netherlands to provide cheap heating to their growers, the Guernsey industry was undercut on price, which combined with rising fuel prices saw the complete demise of the tomato industry
640:
Ordinary trade continued, fishing had always been an important business. Knitting was an important home industry, overseas shipping carrying such diverse goods as wood, sugar, rum, coal, tobacco, salt, textiles, finished goods, glass, emigrants and wine. Trading mainly with Europe, the West Indies
743:
At the end of the century, long resisted, the time had arrived for change, to schools, where
English would be taught as a language, to the government, including the use of English as a language in Court together with voting reform, and some changes to the unfair treatment of non-locals as regards
773:
in 1916. In August 1917, Guernsey hosted an anti submarine French flying boat squadron, erecting hangars near Castle Cornet. The base is credited with having destroyed 25 German submarines. The
Guernsey Roll of Honour includes 1,343 who were Bailiwick of Guernsey individuals or who served in the
463:
Shipbuilding skills improved and trade to and from
Guernsey increased with a growing number of ports, sometimes using trading treaties and sometimes avoiding paying duties. Guernsey ships in the 14th century were small. 12-80 tons with crews of 8-20 men. In times of war, ships could be seized as
739:
It was normal for the island to deport vagrants, criminals and anyone who had fallen on hard times who were not "local". Between 1842 and 1880, 10,000 people were deported. This included local-born widows and local-born children of "foreign" men and people who, whilst not born in
Guernsey, had
386:
in 1204 isolated the Channel Islands from mainland Europe. Each time England and France went to war over the coming centuries, trade to and from the Channel Islands was restricted or banned and even when not officially at war, the island was repeatedly attacked by continental pirates and naval
941:
Many traditional businesses, such as fishing and quarrying, would not return. So the Islanders looked to other opportunities, the physical import/export of goods was difficult as the harbours were too small and freight cost too expensive, so control of trade was looked at, the right to supply
735:
Light industry businesses would regularly appear and after a few decades would move on, such as the Dundee firm James Keiller, who set up in Guernsey in 1857 and lasting until 1879 to avoid the high taxes on sugar in the UK, with marmalade manufactured in Guernsey exported all over the world.
19:
744:
their deportation if unwanted and their summary arrest and detention for petty debt offences, it being almost impossible for an immigrant to ever be recognised as a local, irrespective of their wealth and the number of decades residing in Guernsey.
617:
which lasted for 8 years, Guernsey and Alderney privateers took 221 prizes worth £981,300 (in today's terms, about £100m). The Islands and Guernsey in particular provided an important element to the blockading of enemies of Britain.
728:
glasshouses for growing grapes to the growing of tomatoes, becoming a very important industry from the 1860s. Tourism during the Victorian era and the use of Guernsey as a refuge or retirement location brought money to the Island,
633:, combined with the Channel Island trading ships visiting New England saw Islanders setting up businesses and settling overseas. By the beginning of the 18th century, Guernsey's residents were starting to settle in North America.
40:
even after becoming King of England. Over the centuries the islands experienced trade benefits and restrictions with attacks by pirates and naval forces leading to improvements in fortifications and the establishment of the
579:, and Royalist troops. Castle Cornet, which had been built to protect Guernsey, was turned on by the town of St. Peter Port, who constantly bombarded it. It was the penultimate Royalist stronghold to capitulate (in 1651)
288:
split Guernsey in half, between the viscounts of the Cotentin and the viscounts of Bessin. However, when one of the former's ancestor died heirless in around 1137, the fief reverted to the Duke, hence why it is named
4162:
1892:
369:
recaptured Normandy for England in 1106. The island was then part of the English King's realm (though still part of Normandy and France). Around 1142, it is recorded that Guernsey was under the control of the
740:
resided in Guernsey for over 50 years. This reduced the burden on the parish requirement to look after their poor and discouraged France, England and Ireland encouraging their poor to emigrate to Guernsey.
777:
The economic depression in the 1930s also affected Guernsey. Unemployed labourers being given jobs such as building sea defences and constructing roads, including Le Val des Terres, opened in 1935 by
667:. Construction started in 1780, and was completed in 1812. It was built to accommodate the increase in the number of troops stationed in the island in anticipation of a French invasion during the
954:
after 100 years by the end of the 1970s. Restrictions were introduced to make it harder and more expensive for people to move to the island as there was a fear of a massive population increase.
3621:
597:
Wars against France and Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries gave Guernsey shipowners and sea captains the opportunity to exploit the island's proximity to mainland Europe by applying for
1296:
698:. However, when the first coins were issued in 1830, they had not been minted at the Royal Mint, but by R. Boulton & Co. of Birmingham. It is likely for this reason that coins of the
687:, now the second biggest port in Guernsey. The western end of La Braye is now Le Grand Havre. The roadway called "The Bridge" across the end of the harbour at St. Sampson's recalls the
4108:
3626:
1190:
1591:
Sharp, Eric (1976). "A very distinguished Guernseyman – Capt William le Lacheur, his ships and his impact on the early development, both economic and spiritual of Costa Rica".
908:
of concrete used for gun bases. Most of the German fortifications remain intact and although the majority of them stand on private property, several are open to the public.
724:
coffee trade with Europe and the Corbet Family who created the Fruit Export Company Shipbuilding also increased in the 1840-70 era, declining when iron ships were demanded.
402:
who would help to defend the Island for the next 600 years. Service was compulsory in the militia for every man in the Island. Raids on Guernsey in 1336 and 1337 by exiled
1896:
3920:
2411:
571:'s refusal to invest in the defences of the island. The allegiance was not total, however; there were a few Royalist uprisings in the southwest of the island, while
3611:
2389:
683:
was drained and reclaimed in 1806 by the British Government as a defence measure. The eastern end of the former channel became the town and harbour (from 1820) of
327:
241:, came to Guernsey to establish a community in the North of the Island. The Priory of Mont Saint-Michel was a dependency of the famous Abbey of Mont Saint-Michel
3636:
2416:
226:
was a nephew of St Samson of Dol, and was born about the year 535. The chapel in his name was mentioned in a bull of Pope Adrian IV as being in the patronage of
3473:
1964:
3631:
3068:
1222:
326:, and the Vale. The part of Sampson was called fief of Anneville. Another version says that Sampson followed Duke William and fought Neel de Saint Saveur
876:
Guernsey was very heavily fortified during World War II out of all proportion to the island's strategic value, for example four captured vintage Russian
357:
was owed to the King of France. This initial association of Guernsey with England did not last long, as William split his possessions between his sons:
142:
The Roman occupation of western Europe induced people to flee, including to the Channel Islands where a number of hoards have been found, including the
3616:
535:
150:. Trade was by ship down the west coast of Europe, silver from England, Breton pottery, wine amphorae, as discovered in the Kings Road excavation in
1739:
60:
and maritime trade, with a later rise of the stone industry, quarrying, horticulture, and tourism. The language in common use began to change from
694:
In 1813, the States requested to the Privy Council permission to issue Guernsey coinage. The Council agreed on the condition it was struck at the
877:
1636:
457:
306:) was journeying to England in 1032, to help Edward the Confessor. He was obliged to take shelter in Guernsey and gave land, now known as the
71:
in World War II, with the Islanders later rebuilding their lives through tourism, agriculture, trade and more recently, the finance industry.
3808:
445:), who was in the pay of the French king. Lawgoch and his dark-haired mercenaries were later absorbed into Guernsey legend as an invasion by
1610:
3678:
712:
The 19th century saw a dramatic increase in prosperity of the island, due to its success in the global maritime trade, and the rise of the
691:
that formerly linked the two parts of Guernsey at high tide. New roads were built and main roads metalled for ease of use by the military.
709:
In 1821, the population of Guernsey was 20,302, 11,173 of whom were living in St. Peter Port. By 1901, the island population had doubled.
2495:
911:
Starvation threatened the Island in late 1944 after the German forces were cut off and supplies could not be brought in from France. The
2399:
33:
stretches back with evidence of Neolithic occupation, followed by Roman occupation. Christianity was brought to Guernsey by St Sampson.
3466:
1957:
869:
Occupation laws were enforced by the German garrison. For example, rewards were offered to informants who reported anyone for painting
3061:
762:
521:
pursued with France and England, even when these were at war. The trade creating revenue from taxes to pay for the Island garrisons.
415:
230:, in Normandy; all traces of the chapel have gone. While the chapel would probably be of a much later date, St Magloire, the British
3603:
1044:
919:
802:
792:
68:
862:
to run. They were the only concentration camps run on British soil and are commemorated on memorials under Alderney's French name
3535:
988:
588:
460:
to the islands. Because of great loyalty shown to the Crown, they were exempted for ever from English tolls, customs and duties.
1312:
904:" (the Nazi attempt to defend continental Europe from seaborne invasion) was committed to the Channel Islands, including 47,000
828:. Among those deported was Ambrose (later Sir Ambrose) Sherwill, who, as the President of the States Controlling Committee, was
4123:
4086:
2461:
2317:
1699:
1416:
4023:
3459:
1950:
1866:
2160:
820:
The occupying German forces deported some of the Bailiwick's residents to camps in the southwest of Germany, notably to the
3054:
2353:
2209:
1932:
938:
was damaged. The amount of scrap metal collected is now regretted. Rationing continued as in the UK, until the mid-1950s.
3010:
2336:
2364:
873:
on walls and buildings; a practice that had become popular among islanders wishing to express their loyalty to Britain.
567:. Guernsey's decision was mainly related to the higher proportion of Calvinists and other Reformed churches, as well as
3646:
3510:
3196:
2864:
2423:
2348:
2299:
2101:
1799:
1774:
1558:
1378:
1262:
1022:
978:
270:
4038:
4033:
3126:
2428:
2294:
2245:
1669:
1525:
1511:
1350:
702:
did not traditionally feature the sovereign. French currency remained legal tender in Guernsey until 1921. Guernsey
84:
4028:
3983:
3844:
3641:
2995:
2590:
2306:
2289:
2255:
2250:
2174:
889:
2149:
1226:
961:
Light industry businesses had continued to appear and operate for a few decades in Guernsey including electronic (
4133:
3915:
3910:
3520:
3020:
2623:
2488:
2233:
2228:
1840:
4202:
3988:
2807:
2640:
2578:
2267:
2223:
1918:
1479:
1454:
1135:
3540:
3525:
3440:
3333:
3146:
3015:
2924:
2373:
2277:
2272:
2032:
1990:
766:
610:
4223:
3873:
3573:
3545:
3399:
3171:
2341:
2193:
2000:
1981:
1973:
1151:
809:
to live with relatives or strangers during the war. Some children were never reunited with their families.
285:
900:
would try to regain the islands at any price, so over 20 per cent of the materials used to construct the "
4228:
4064:
3976:
3905:
3839:
3818:
2974:
2969:
2585:
2240:
2051:
1743:
4008:
3813:
3555:
3414:
3366:
3258:
3253:
3030:
3025:
2481:
2284:
2218:
2063:
983:
858:, four camps were built to house forced labourers, mostly from Eastern Europe, two were handed for the
614:
299:
1298:
The History of Guernsey and Its Bailiwick: With Occasional Notices of Jersey by Ferdinand Brock Tupper
4128:
3961:
3000:
2754:
2715:
1643:
654:
576:
371:
353:; however, he continued to rule his French possessions, including Guernsey, as a separate entity, as
315:
249:
The history of the Bailiwick of Guernsey goes back to 933 when the islands came under the control of
331:
4175:
4081:
4013:
3900:
3660:
3515:
3371:
3218:
2262:
680:
672:
350:
147:
2115:
330:, who held the fief of de Bessin in Guernsey. The rebels were eventually defeated at the decisive
146:. It later brought trade and Roman settlements. A 3rd-century Gallo-Roman ship wreck was found in
3769:
3759:
3376:
3338:
3005:
2663:
2404:
2188:
2184:
1614:
946:
to the UK was controlled by a Guernsey business and it became the top selling wine in the world.
684:
319:
172:
816:
Plaque to the memory of Guernsey civilians killed, particularly in the 28 June 1940 bombing raid
4152:
3530:
3318:
2829:
2658:
2179:
897:
770:
399:
42:
825:
4118:
3993:
3890:
3793:
3669:
3593:
3482:
3288:
3248:
3228:
3208:
3111:
2909:
2774:
950:
660:
634:
622:
453:
398:
Fortifications were improved in the Channel Islands, manned by professional soldiers and the
383:
362:
338:
303:
37:
23:
1685:
1089:
3927:
3834:
3764:
3726:
3404:
3223:
2964:
2959:
2899:
2834:
2739:
2446:
2326:
2125:
2120:
1504:
1497:
568:
403:
1027:
Sarnia, novel by guernesiais writer G.B. Edwards (life on Guernsey from 1900 until 1970).
8:
4069:
3868:
3749:
3744:
3494:
3424:
3356:
3303:
3298:
3273:
3131:
2929:
2859:
2802:
2719:
2545:
2144:
2110:
2069:
2017:
2012:
2005:
843:
506:
498:
464:
prizes, the practice continuing in times of peace, against all nationalities, as piracy.
250:
3394:
3046:
1071:
1048:
4103:
3937:
3932:
3880:
3774:
3328:
3278:
3238:
3191:
3186:
3176:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3136:
3121:
3116:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3035:
2939:
2723:
2675:
2670:
2573:
2563:
2520:
2512:
2451:
2130:
2058:
2027:
1995:
1575:
834:
head of the civilian population. Sir Ambrose, who was Guernsey-born, had served in the
717:
366:
346:
108:
79:
1870:
675:
was a tidal channel that made the northern extremity of Guernsey, Le Clos du Valle, a
4185:
4140:
4098:
4074:
3419:
3361:
3323:
3313:
3293:
3283:
3268:
3263:
3243:
3213:
3181:
3166:
3141:
3077:
2914:
2889:
2869:
2849:
2839:
2729:
2711:
2680:
2613:
2530:
2504:
2198:
2137:
2074:
2022:
1818:
1795:
1770:
1665:
1554:
1507:
1475:
1450:
1399:
1374:
1346:
1316:
1258:
1131:
1018:
556:
407:
262:
258:
238:
227:
49:
1430:
4180:
4113:
3998:
3885:
3739:
3734:
3308:
3233:
3203:
2904:
2819:
2764:
2734:
2685:
2645:
2628:
2618:
2553:
2525:
2394:
2039:
923:
598:
502:
486:
419:
342:
323:
281:. (The masculine nomenclature "Duke" is retained even when the monarch is female.)
278:
208:
1713:
3451:
2944:
2919:
2707:
2690:
2535:
1279:
839:
668:
650:
626:
358:
216:
143:
97:
3563:
481:
433:
reached the Island, ravaging the population. In 1372, the island was invaded by
3971:
3779:
3578:
2894:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2854:
2844:
2759:
2702:
2595:
2558:
1942:
912:
881:
812:
713:
703:
699:
269:
represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy. In the islands,
266:
207:
nonetheless remains the island's traditional designation.) Travelling from the
36:
The islands were annexed by the Duchy of Normandy and were ruled separately by
4091:
884:. German defences and alterations remain visible, including additions made to
846:. Three islanders of Jewish descent were deported to France and from there to
61:
4217:
4170:
3966:
3754:
3568:
2990:
2789:
2456:
2384:
2379:
2169:
943:
901:
885:
859:
851:
572:
548:
544:
438:
423:
274:
212:
151:
124:
89:
53:
1767:
Outpost of Occupation: The Nazi Occupation of the Channel Islands, 1940-1945
1403:
219:
in Brittany, is credited with the introduction of Christianity to Guernsey.
4145:
2949:
2779:
2650:
2568:
2331:
2044:
1417:
Darryl Mark Ogier, Reformation And Society In Guernsey, Boydell Press, 1997
893:
835:
798:
676:
664:
132:
1844:
3588:
2934:
2812:
2797:
2769:
2605:
1281:
Essays on Guernsey History Edith Frances Carey Essays on Guernsey History
1165:
905:
778:
758:
729:
540:
514:
430:
92:
at the gate of Saint Martin's church is an important prehistoric monument
56:
sided with the Royalists. The Napoleonic Wars brought prosperity through
45:. Guernsey has remained loyal to the English Crown for over 1,000 years.
949:
By the 1960s the island had recovered, tourism was important again, the
154:. The Nunnery in Alderney, was a 5th-century Roman signal station fort.
2697:
966:
721:
695:
602:
510:
231:
104:
1919:"Mateus Rosé: Once the world's biggest wine, now ripe for hip revival"
805:. Before the occupation, many Guernsey children had been evacuated to
609:. It was very profitable. In the first ten years of 18th century, the
234:, may well have set up a centre of Christian worship before A.D. 600.
191:(Jersey). It was formerly thought that the island's original name was
3583:
2744:
2092:
962:
847:
606:
560:
494:
390:
112:
57:
2473:
3895:
3696:
3691:
3686:
2954:
2749:
855:
830:
716:. Ships were travelling further to trade, one notable Guernseyman,
564:
223:
168:
101:
1893:"Delivering relief to the Channel Islands in the Second World War"
1662:
Diex Aix: God Help Us – The Guernseymen who marched away 1914–1918
467:
In 1441, Guernsey's liberties, customs and usages were set out in
4003:
2824:
2635:
1792:
The Last Raid: The Commandos, Channel Islands and Final Nazi Raid
806:
123:
found on the islands today. The island of Guernsey contains two
18:
3706:
870:
688:
434:
354:
120:
116:
195:, but recent research indicates that this might have been the
3711:
1001:
Guernsey Evacuees: Forgotten Evacuees of the Second World War
446:
414:
being captured and using this as a base, the next year when,
254:
237:
Somewhere around A.D. 968, from the Benedictine monastery of
196:
127:
of great archaeological interest, while the dolmen known as
3716:
3701:
411:
200:
179:
islands (the former name of the Channel Islands) including
222:
A chapel, dedicated to St Magloire, stood in the Vale. St
3076:
1686:"WW1 submarine hunters: French seaplane base in Guernsey"
1343:
Customs, Ceremonies and Traditions of the Channel Islands
426:
for seven. The attacks would recur on several occasions.
257:
the first Duke of Normandy, having been annexed from the
594:
privateering took over as the most profitable business.
107:
that became the bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey from
517:
came to the throne and Catholicism faded in Guernsey.
493:
In the mid-16th century, the island was influenced by
1742:. www.thisisguernsey.com. 9 July 2005. Archived from
582:
265:. The island of Guernsey and the other island in the
3481:
1496:
1225:. The Royal Household Royal.gov.uk. Archived from
52:, Guernsey supported the Parliamentarians, whilst
536:Channel Islands in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
365:gained the English Crown. William Rufus' brother
4215:
1972:
1714:"Evacuees from Guernsey recall life in Scotland"
115:farmers then settled on its coast and built the
1551:Guernsey 1814-1914: Migration and Modernisation
1210:The History of Guernsey – the Bailiwick's story
1090:"Gallo-Roman wreck Asterix returns to Guernsey"
761:, approximately 3,000 island men served in the
1819:"Русские пушки на службе германского вермахта"
1315:. Voisin & Co. 18 May 1999. Archived from
926:and other essential supplies into the Island.
732:being one of the most distinguished refugees.
162:
3809:Guernsey Grammar School and Sixth Form Centre
3467:
3062:
2489:
1958:
1841:"Channel Islands Occupation Society (Jersey)"
1813:
1811:
653:generated more profits, rolling on from the
468:
290:
1573:
1364:
1362:
1295:Tupper, Ferdinand Brock (23 January 2024).
896:had become obsessed with the idea that the
96:Around 6000 BC, the rising sea created the
3474:
3460:
3069:
3055:
2496:
2482:
1965:
1951:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1313:"A Short Constitutional History of Jersey"
621:During the late 17th century the grant by
374:, who administered Normandy for the Duke.
1808:
1494:
1444:
1252:
629:the Bailiff of Jersey, which was renamed
1393:
1368:
1359:
1340:
1125:
965:from 1957 to the 1980s) and the current
929:The Island was liberated on 9 May 1945.
811:
793:German occupation of the Channel Islands
539:
480:
389:
244:
78:
17:
1593:Transactions of la Société Guernesiaise
1548:
1531:
1432:Royal Jersey Militia Regimental History
1154:. Current archaeology. 4 November 2011.
1121:
1119:
1069:
989:Maritime history of the Channel Islands
589:Maritime history of the Channel Islands
524:
422:, holding the Island for two years and
4216:
1789:
1764:
1613:. Aggregate Industries. Archived from
1469:
1294:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
765:. Of these, about 1,000 served in the
706:debt-free for building roads in 1815.
3455:
3078:History of current European countries
3050:
2503:
2477:
1946:
1659:
1590:
1336:
1334:
1277:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1204:
1202:
1200:
88:, the Grandmother of Chimquiere, the
1428:
1072:"Le Dehus – Burial Chamber (Dolmen)"
497:reformers from Normandy. During the
3011:History of the Mediterranean region
2412:Post-war period (political history)
1895:. British red Cross. Archived from
1885:
1783:
1474:. David & Charles. p. 73.
1096:
1047:. Société Jersiaise. Archived from
377:
13:
3647:Channel Islands Occupation Society
1637:"James Keiller & Son – Dundee"
1331:
1253:Lempriére, Raoul (27 March 1974).
1241:
1197:
994:
979:Archaeology of the Channel Islands
583:17th and 18th trade and emigration
547:seen at night over the harbour of
476:
14:
4240:
1429:Wood, Norman (26 February 2009),
1017:, 6th edition, Guernsey Society,
437:mercenaries under the command of
3916:Policy & Resources Committee
3659:
3642:German fortification of Guernsey
2996:Bibliography of European history
2591:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
2417:Post-war period (social history)
2091:
1664:. Guernsey: States of Guernsey.
1472:The Channel Islands: A New Study
157:
3021:History of Western civilization
2624:Christianity in the Middle Ages
1925:
1911:
1869:. CIOS Guernsey. Archived from
1859:
1833:
1758:
1732:
1706:
1692:
1678:
1653:
1629:
1603:
1584:
1567:
1519:
1499:Portrait of the Channel Islands
1488:
1463:
1438:
1422:
1410:
1387:
1305:
1288:
1271:
1166:"Guernsey, Channel Islands, UK"
1070:Evendon, J (11 February 2001).
969:which was established in 1984.
786:
774:Royal Guernsey Light Infantry.
747:
644:
418:, Guernsey was occupied by the
314:, and included the parishes of
2865:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2808:Christianity in the modern era
2579:Christianity in late antiquity
1769:. Aurum Press (1 April 2011).
1740:"I escaped the Nazi Holocaust"
1447:History of the Channel Islands
1345:. Great Britain: Robert Hale.
1255:History of the Channel Islands
1215:
1183:
1158:
1144:
1082:
1063:
1037:
752:
663:was a former garrison for the
575:was occupied by the Governor,
1:
3526:Royal Guernsey Light Infantry
3016:History of the European Union
1933:"The tomato growing industry"
1843:. CIOS Jersey. Archived from
1577:How Guernsey Beat the Bankers
1278:Carey, Edith Frances (1936).
1152:"Alderney: A New Roman Fort?"
1030:
767:Royal Guernsey Light Infantry
637:was founded in Ohio in 1810.
611:War of the Spanish Succession
74:
1974:History of the British Isles
1765:Turner, Barry (April 2011).
1549:Crossan, Rose-Marie (2007).
1526:Guernsey's emigrant children
529:
361:became Duke of Normandy and
7:
2975:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2586:Crisis of the Third Century
1045:"La Cotte Cave, St Brelade"
1015:A Short History of Guernsey
972:
932:
763:British Expeditionary Force
406:, came at the start of the
163:The arrival of Christianity
10:
4245:
3031:Military history of Europe
3026:Maritime history of Europe
1821:. NVO.ng.ru. 24 April 2009
1008:Britain's Wartime Evacuees
984:Fortifications of Guernsey
850:where they were killed in
790:
615:American Revolutionary War
586:
559:, Guernsey sided with the
533:
300:Robert I, Duke of Normandy
167:During their migration to
85:La Gran'mère du Chimquière
4198:
4161:
4060:
4053:
3957:
3950:
3864:
3857:
3827:
3801:
3792:
3725:
3677:
3668:
3657:
3602:
3554:
3503:
3490:
3433:
3385:
3347:
3084:
3001:Genetic history of Europe
2983:
2788:
2604:
2544:
2511:
2438:
2363:
2316:
2208:
2159:
2100:
2089:
1980:
1794:. The History Press Ltd.
1495:Lemprière, Raoul (1970),
1445:Lemprière, Raoul (1974).
803:occupied by German troops
769:regiment formed from the
655:French Revolutionary Wars
513:beliefs. Two years later
501:, three local women, the
69:occupied by German troops
1503:, London: Hale, p.
1394:de Garis, Marie (1986).
1373:. Woodfield Publishing.
1371:The Charters of Guernsey
1341:Lempière, Raoul (1976).
1212:, Guernsey Press (2001).
1013:Johnston, Peter (2014),
649:Privateering during the
563:, while Jersey remained
410:, they were followed by
382:The loss of Normandy by
298:According to tradition,
273:'s traditional title as
3006:History of Christianity
2246:Early medieval Scotland
1126:Jamieson, A.G. (1986).
1092:. BBC. 17 January 2015.
1006:Mawson, Gillian (2016)
999:Mawson, Gillian (2012)
3531:Royal Guernsey Militia
3127:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2830:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2290:Early medieval Ireland
2256:Late medieval Scotland
2251:High medieval Scotland
2224:Early medieval England
1700:"Val des Terres stone"
1369:Thornton, Tim (2004).
924:Red Cross food parcels
817:
771:Royal Guernsey Militia
552:
490:
469:
395:
332:Battle of Val-ès-Dunes
328:Nigel de Saint-Sauveur
291:
93:
26:
4134:Chapel of St Apolline
3483:Bailiwick of Guernsey
2910:Industrial Revolution
2337:Early modern Scotland
2300:Late medieval Ireland
2295:High medieval Ireland
2234:Late medieval England
2229:High medieval England
2185:Protohistoric Ireland
1790:Fowler, Will (2016).
1688:. BBC. 6 August 2014.
1660:Parks, Edwin (1992).
1599:(1). Guernsey: 127ff.
1470:Uttley, John (1977).
1191:"The Channel Islands"
1076:The Megalithic Portal
951:horticulture industry
871:"V-for Victory" signs
815:
623:Charles II of England
543:
484:
454:Richard II of England
449:from across the sea.
429:It was 1348 when the
393:
339:William the Conqueror
304:William the Conqueror
245:The Duchy of Normandy
215:, later the abbot of
148:St Peter Port harbour
137:Le Gardien du Tombeau
82:
38:William the Conqueror
24:Bailiwick of Guernsey
21:
3928:Politics of Guernsey
3835:Blanchelande College
2965:European debt crisis
2960:European integration
2900:Age of Enlightenment
2740:Republic of Florence
2447:House of Plantagenet
2349:Early modern Ireland
2332:Early modern England
2327:Early modern Britain
2268:Early medieval Wales
2126:Prehistoric Shetland
2121:Prehistoric Scotland
1449:. Hale. p. 68.
1396:Folklore of Guernsey
1229:on 21 September 2012
824:(Lindele Camp) near
801:, the Bailiwick was
525:Early modern history
470:Le Précepte d'Assise
4224:History of Guernsey
4020:Emergency Services
3911:Lieutenant Governor
3869:Bailiff of Guernsey
3845:The Ladies' College
3828:Independent schools
3814:La Mare de Carteret
3348:States with limited
2930:Revolutions of 1848
2860:Early modern France
2641:Anglo-Saxon England
2546:Classical antiquity
2424:Late modern Ireland
2318:Early modern period
2278:Late medieval Wales
2273:High medieval Wales
2145:Prehistoric Ireland
2116:Prehistoric England
2111:Prehistoric Britain
1257:. Robert Hale Ltd.
1128:A people of the sea
918:, chartered by the
844:Bailiff of Guernsey
826:Biberach an der Riß
780:Le Prince de Galles
507:burned at the stake
499:Marian persecutions
485:The burning of the
324:Ste. Marie du Catel
295:(the King's fief).
31:history of Guernsey
4229:National histories
4124:St Martin's Church
3989:Telecommunications
3933:States of Election
3881:Courts of Guernsey
3574:Chateau des Marais
3036:Crusading movement
2940:Russian Revolution
2775:Hundred Years' War
2671:Maritime republics
2574:Early Christianity
2564:Hellenistic period
2521:Paleolithic Europe
2452:House of Lancaster
2405:World Wars (Wales)
2365:Late modern period
2342:Early modern Wales
2131:Prehistoric Orkney
2102:Prehistoric period
1873:on 13 October 2007
1847:on 13 October 2007
1720:. 12 November 2010
1617:on 30 October 2016
1319:on 6 December 2010
1010:, Frontline Books
880:were installed at
818:
720:, established the
718:William Le Lacheur
641:and the Americas.
601:and turning their
553:
509:in 1556 for their
491:
396:
337:In 1066, the Duke
109:continental Europe
100:and separated the
94:
27:
4211:
4210:
4194:
4193:
4049:
4048:
3946:
3945:
3853:
3852:
3840:Elizabeth College
3819:St Sampson's High
3788:
3787:
3760:St Pierre du Bois
3655:
3654:
3449:
3448:
3044:
3043:
2970:COVID-19 pandemic
2915:French Revolution
2890:Habsburg monarchy
2870:Cossack Hetmanate
2850:Portuguese Empire
2840:Absolute monarchy
2835:Thirty Years' War
2730:Holy Roman Empire
2655:Bulgarian Empire
2614:Early Middle Ages
2531:Bronze Age Europe
2505:History of Europe
2471:
2470:
2354:Early modern Mann
2241:Medieval Scotland
2199:Sub-Roman Britain
2194:End of Roman rule
2138:Prehistoric Wales
1899:on 21 August 2017
1611:"Channel Islands"
1574:Edward Holloway.
1553:. Boydell Press.
1528:. BBC – Legacies.
1223:"Channel Islands"
842:and later became
681:Le Braye du Valle
673:Le Braye du Valle
599:Letters of Marque
577:Sir Peter Osborne
557:English Civil War
408:Hundred Years War
320:St Pierre du Bois
312:Le Fief St Michel
263:Duchy of Normandy
259:Duchy of Brittany
251:William Longsword
239:Mont Saint-Michel
228:Mont Saint-Michel
67:The islands were
50:English Civil War
4236:
4114:Dean of Guernsey
4058:
4057:
3955:
3954:
3886:Duke of Normandy
3862:
3861:
3799:
3798:
3675:
3674:
3663:
3552:
3551:
3536:Maritime history
3521:Jews in Guernsey
3476:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3386:Dependencies and
3085:Sovereign states
3071:
3064:
3057:
3048:
3047:
2905:Great Divergence
2820:Age of Discovery
2765:Late Middle Ages
2735:High Middle Ages
2646:Byzantine Empire
2629:Christianization
2619:Migration Period
2554:Classical Greece
2526:Neolithic Europe
2498:
2491:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2429:Late modern Mann
2400:Second World War
2385:Edwardian period
2380:Victorian period
2285:Medieval Ireland
2219:Medieval England
2161:Classical period
2150:Prehistoric Mann
2095:
2052:Northern Ireland
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1867:"Fortifications"
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1649:on 5 March 2016.
1648:
1642:. Archived from
1641:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1546:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1502:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1250:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1123:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1051:on 23 March 2008
1041:
1003:, History Press
878:305mm naval guns
625:of an island to
561:Parliamentarians
503:Guernsey Martyrs
487:Guernsey Martyrs
472:
416:starting in 1339
400:Guernsey militia
378:Late Middle Ages
343:Harold Godwinson
294:
279:Duke of Normandy
209:Kingdom of Gwent
129:L'Autel du Dehus
125:sculpted menhirs
43:Guernsey militia
4244:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4190:
4157:
4065:Catholic Church
4045:
3942:
3938:States Assembly
3906:Law enforcement
3849:
3823:
3784:
3721:
3664:
3651:
3598:
3550:
3499:
3486:
3480:
3450:
3445:
3429:
3387:
3381:
3367:Northern Cyprus
3349:
3343:
3259:North Macedonia
3080:
3075:
3045:
3040:
2979:
2945:Interwar period
2920:Napoleonic Wars
2784:
2755:Mongol invasion
2708:Crown of Aragon
2600:
2540:
2536:Iron Age Europe
2507:
2502:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2434:
2433:
2395:Interwar period
2390:First World War
2359:
2358:
2312:
2311:
2210:Medieval period
2204:
2203:
2155:
2154:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2070:Channel Islands
2006:Isles of Scilly
1976:
1971:
1941:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1589:
1585:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1547:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1443:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1339:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1293:
1289:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1251:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1124:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1033:
997:
995:Further reading
975:
935:
840:First World War
795:
789:
755:
750:
669:Napoleonic Wars
651:Napoleonic Wars
647:
635:Guernsey County
627:George Carteret
591:
585:
538:
532:
527:
479:
477:The Reformation
441:(remembered as
380:
359:Robert Curthose
351:King of England
302:(the father of
286:Duke Richard II
267:Channel Islands
247:
187:(Guernsey) and
165:
160:
144:Grouville Hoard
98:English Channel
77:
12:
11:
5:
4242:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3991:
3986:
3984:Stock Exchange
3981:
3980:
3979:
3972:Guernsey pound
3969:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3865:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3579:Doyle Monument
3576:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3556:Fortifications
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3516:Braye du Valle
3513:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485: articles
3479:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3441:European Union
3437:
3435:
3434:Other entities
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3388:other entities
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3334:United Kingdom
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:Czech Republic
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2895:Russian Empire
2892:
2887:
2885:British Empire
2882:
2880:Dutch Republic
2877:
2875:Swedish Empire
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2855:Spanish Empire
2852:
2847:
2845:Ottoman Empire
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Serbian Empire
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2596:Late antiquity
2593:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2559:Roman Republic
2556:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2374:United Kingdom
2370:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2263:Medieval Wales
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2182:
2177:
2175:Roman Scotland
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2118:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2033:Outer Hebrides
2030:
2028:Inner Hebrides
2025:
2020:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1991:United Kingdom
1987:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1924:
1910:
1884:
1858:
1832:
1807:
1801:978-0750966375
1800:
1782:
1776:978-1845136222
1775:
1757:
1746:on 9 June 2011
1731:
1705:
1691:
1677:
1670:
1652:
1628:
1602:
1583:
1566:
1560:978-1843833208
1559:
1530:
1518:
1512:
1487:
1480:
1462:
1455:
1437:
1421:
1409:
1386:
1380:978-1903953655
1379:
1358:
1351:
1330:
1304:
1287:
1270:
1264:978-0709142522
1263:
1240:
1214:
1196:
1182:
1157:
1143:
1136:
1095:
1081:
1062:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1023:978-0992886004
996:
993:
992:
991:
986:
981:
974:
971:
934:
931:
882:Batterie Mirus
791:Main article:
788:
785:
754:
751:
749:
746:
714:stone industry
700:Guernsey pound
646:
643:
605:into licensed
587:Main article:
584:
581:
534:Main article:
531:
528:
526:
523:
478:
475:
456:granted a new
443:Yvon de Galles
379:
376:
372:Count of Anjou
349:to become the
246:
243:
164:
161:
159:
156:
76:
73:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4241:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4187:
4186:Floral emblem
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3967:Guernsey Post
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:State schools
3800:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:St Peter Port
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Civilian life
3625:
3623:
3622:Collaboration
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:Castle Cornet
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Faroe Islands
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:South Ossetia
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Liechtenstein
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:Art of Europe
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2790:Modern period
2787:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:House of York
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:(since 1707)
2375:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2307:Medieval Mann
2305:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Roman Ireland
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Roman Britain
2168:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Isle of Wight
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1934:
1928:
1920:
1914:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1673:
1671:1-871560-85-3
1667:
1663:
1656:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1522:
1515:
1513:0-7091-1541-5
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1352:0-7091-5731-2
1348:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1186:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
970:
968:
964:
959:
955:
952:
947:
945:
939:
930:
927:
925:
921:
917:
916:
909:
907:
903:
902:Atlantic Wall
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:Castle Cornet
883:
879:
874:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:The Holocaust
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:
827:
823:
822:Lager Lindele
814:
810:
808:
804:
800:
794:
784:
782:
781:
775:
772:
768:
764:
760:
745:
741:
737:
733:
731:
725:
723:
719:
715:
710:
707:
705:
704:created money
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
685:St. Sampson's
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
656:
652:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
590:
580:
578:
574:
573:Castle Cornet
570:
566:
562:
558:
550:
549:St Peter Port
546:
545:Castle Cornet
542:
537:
522:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
488:
483:
474:
471:
465:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
439:Owain Lawgoch
436:
432:
427:
425:
424:Castle Cornet
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
392:
388:
385:
375:
373:
368:
364:
363:William Rufus
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
308:Clos du Valle
305:
301:
296:
293:
287:
282:
280:
276:
275:head of state
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
242:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:occupied the
174:
170:
158:Early history
155:
153:
152:St Peter Port
149:
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
91:
90:statue menhir
87:
86:
81:
72:
70:
65:
63:
59:
55:
54:Castle Cornet
51:
46:
44:
39:
34:
32:
25:
20:
16:
4176:Coat of arms
4082:Demographics
3632:Deportations
3564:Bréhon Tower
3546:Witch trials
3409:
3377:Transnistria
3339:Vatican City
2950:World War II
2803:Early modern
2780:Kalmar Union
2651:Papal States
2569:Roman Empire
2079:
1927:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1897:the original
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1871:the original
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:the original
1835:
1823:. Retrieved
1791:
1785:
1766:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:the original
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1717:
1708:
1694:
1680:
1661:
1655:
1644:the original
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:the original
1605:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1576:
1569:
1550:
1521:
1498:
1490:
1471:
1465:
1446:
1440:
1431:
1424:
1412:
1395:
1389:
1370:
1342:
1321:. Retrieved
1317:the original
1307:
1297:
1290:
1280:
1273:
1254:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:the original
1217:
1209:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1169:
1160:
1146:
1127:
1084:
1075:
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:the original
1039:
1026:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
960:
956:
948:
940:
936:
928:
914:
910:
875:
868:
863:
836:British Army
829:
821:
819:
799:World War II
797:For most of
796:
787:World War II
779:
776:
756:
748:20th century
742:
738:
734:
726:
711:
708:
693:
677:tidal island
665:British Army
659:
648:
645:19th century
639:
630:
620:
596:
592:
554:
519:
492:
466:
462:
451:
442:
428:
397:
381:
336:
311:
307:
297:
283:
271:Elizabeth II
248:
236:
221:
204:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
166:
141:
136:
133:dolmen deity
128:
105:promontories
95:
83:
66:
64:to English.
58:privateering
47:
35:
30:
28:
15:
4129:Vale Church
4119:Town Church
4092:Guernésiais
3637:Fort Hommet
3594:Vale Castle
3589:Fort Hommet
3511:Archaeology
3415:Isle of Man
3350:recognition
3319:Switzerland
3254:Netherlands
2935:World War I
2925:Nationalism
2813:Reformation
2798:Renaissance
2770:Black Death
2703:Kievan Rus'
2606:Middle Ages
2180:Roman Wales
2064:Isle of Man
1750:24 February
1724:12 November
1130:. Methuen.
944:Mateus Rosé
838:during the
759:World War I
753:World War I
730:Victor Hugo
722:Costa Rican
661:Fort George
603:merchantmen
555:During the
515:Elizabeth I
431:Black Death
404:David Bruce
394:Battle 1342
292:Fief le Roi
131:contains a
62:Guernésiais
48:During the
4218:Categories
4153:Television
4146:Rugby club
3770:St Saviour
3765:St Sampson
3617:Resistance
3612:Evacuation
3604:Occupation
3289:San Marino
3249:Montenegro
3229:Luxembourg
3209:Kazakhstan
3112:Azerbaijan
2698:Viking Age
2513:Prehistory
1877:10 October
1851:10 October
1481:0715373331
1456:0709142528
1208:Marr, J.,
1175:10 October
1137:0416405401
1055:10 October
1031:References
967:Specsavers
922:, brought
696:Royal Mint
631:New Jersey
607:privateers
511:Protestant
316:St Saviour
232:missionary
75:Prehistory
4087:Languages
4024:Ambulance
3994:Transport
3921:President
3891:Elections
3794:Education
3750:St Martin
3745:St Andrew
3670:Geography
3584:Fort Grey
3541:Windmills
3405:Gibraltar
3224:Lithuania
2745:Feudalism
2716:Catalonia
1903:9 January
1621:2 January
963:Tektronix
920:Red Cross
906:cu m
848:Auschwitz
569:Charles I
530:Civil War
495:Calvinist
435:Aragonese
420:Capetians
384:King John
341:defeated
284:In 1020,
253:, son of
199:name for
135:known as
113:Neolithic
4203:Category
4109:Religion
4104:St James
4075:Bean Jar
4034:Lifeboat
3896:Greffier
3858:Politics
3775:Torteval
3727:Parishes
3697:Guernsey
3692:Brecqhou
3687:Alderney
3425:Svalbard
3410:Guernsey
3357:Abkhazia
3304:Slovenia
3299:Slovakia
3274:Portugal
3132:Bulgaria
2984:See also
2955:Cold War
2750:Crusades
2720:Valencia
2462:Monarchs
2080:Guernsey
2045:Anglesey
2018:Shetland
2013:Scotland
1982:Overview
1718:BBC News
1404:19840362
973:See also
933:Post-war
890:windmill
856:Alderney
831:de facto
565:Royalist
452:In 1394
387:forces.
347:Hastings
224:Magloire
211:, Saint
169:Brittany
4163:Symbols
4070:Cuisine
4054:Culture
4014:Harbour
4004:Aurigny
3999:Airport
3951:Economy
3679:Islands
3504:History
3495:Geology
3329:Ukraine
3279:Romania
3239:Moldova
3197:Ireland
3192:Iceland
3187:Hungary
3177:Germany
3172:Georgia
3162:Finland
3157:Estonia
3152:Denmark
3137:Croatia
3122:Belgium
3117:Belarus
3107:Austria
3102:Armenia
3097:Andorra
3092:Albania
2825:Baroque
2724:Majorca
2636:Francia
2439:Related
2059:Ireland
1996:England
1419:, p.62.
1323:25 June
864:Aurigny
807:England
757:During
505:, were
458:Charter
447:fairies
367:Henry I
261:by the
213:Sampson
173:Britons
121:menhirs
117:dolmens
4171:Anthem
4039:Police
3740:Forest
3735:Castel
3707:Jethou
3420:Jersey
3362:Kosovo
3324:Turkey
3314:Sweden
3294:Serbia
3284:Russia
3269:Poland
3264:Norway
3244:Monaco
3214:Latvia
3182:Greece
3167:France
3142:Cyprus
2712:Aragon
2691:Amalfi
2676:Venice
2664:Second
2075:Jersey
2066:(Mann)
2023:Orkney
1935:. BBC.
1825:31 May
1798:
1773:
1702:. BBC.
1668:
1557:
1510:
1478:
1453:
1402:
1377:
1349:
1261:
1233:31 May
1134:
1021:
898:Allies
894:Hitler
888:and a
689:bridge
355:fealty
205:Sarnia
193:Sarnia
181:Sarnia
102:Norman
4141:Sport
4099:Music
3977:coins
3962:Banks
3712:Lihou
3395:Åland
3309:Spain
3234:Malta
3204:Italy
2681:Genoa
2659:First
2040:Wales
1647:(PDF)
1640:(PDF)
854:. In
255:Rollo
197:Latin
189:Angia
185:Lisia
177:Lenur
4181:Flag
4029:Fire
4009:Rail
3901:Laws
3874:list
3780:Vale
3717:Sark
3702:Herm
2686:Pisa
1905:2016
1879:2007
1853:2007
1827:2011
1796:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1752:2013
1726:2010
1666:ISBN
1623:2016
1555:ISBN
1508:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1400:OCLC
1375:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1325:2009
1259:ISBN
1235:2011
1177:2007
1132:ISBN
1057:2007
1019:ISBN
915:Vega
489:1556
412:Sark
277:was
201:Sark
119:and
29:The
22:The
1170:BBC
913:SS
345:at
217:Dol
203:. (
183:or
4220::
2722:,
2718:,
2714:,
2187:,
1810:^
1716:.
1597:XX
1595:.
1533:^
1506:,
1398:.
1361:^
1333:^
1243:^
1199:^
1168:.
1098:^
1074:.
892:.
866:.
860:SS
783:.
679:.
671:.
473:.
322:,
318:,
171:,
139:.
111:.
3475:e
3468:t
3461:v
3070:e
3063:t
3056:v
2726:)
2710:(
2497:e
2490:t
2483:v
1966:e
1959:t
1952:v
1921:.
1907:.
1881:.
1855:.
1829:.
1804:.
1779:.
1754:.
1728:.
1674:.
1625:.
1580:.
1563:.
1484:.
1459:.
1406:.
1383:.
1355:.
1327:.
1301:.
1284:.
1267:.
1237:.
1193:.
1179:.
1140:.
1078:.
1059:.
551:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
