597:
572:
164:
273:
649:
1020:, the most important export product in the late 19th century, grew from 6.5 million kilograms to 18 million kilograms during the same period. The agricultural export interests, centered in the coastal region near Guayaquil, became closely associated with the Liberals, whose political power also grew steadily during the interval. After the death of García Moreno, it took the Liberals twenty years to consolidate their strength sufficiently to assume control of the government in Quito.
178:
1727:
883:
1217:
25:
1118:, rule by law, and an end to dictatorship and military rule. Although neither Caamaño, Flores, nor Cordero was able to curtail the growing animosity between Conservatives and Liberals, their periods in office were, for the most part, characterized by relative political stability and prosperity. The latter resulted more from favorable international circumstances for cacao exports than from astute government policy making.
1029:
261:
260:
1148:. Bribes were apparently involved and, tremendously weakened by the scandal and also challenged by the outbreak of several military rebellions, the president resigned in April. In June the Liberals seized power in Guayaquil in the name of their most popular caudillo,
258:
257:
259:
864:
1099:
1072:
and dances during holiday periods. In office until 1883, Veintemilla enjoyed a period of relative prosperity resulting primarily from increased maritime activity while
854:
1160:
and marched triumphantly into Quito. It was the end of
Ecuador's brief experiment with progressivism and the beginning of three stormy decades of rule by the
46:
955:-builder. In the end, both appraisals may be accurate; the man who possibly saved Ecuador from disintegration in 1859 and then ruled the nation with an
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1307:
1289:
1281:
1265:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1114:, intended progressivism to represent a compromise position between liberalism and conservatism. The Progressive program called for support for the
97:
459:
69:
1152:. Three months later, "the old battler" (a name Alfaro had earned during his armed struggle against García Moreno) returned after a decade of
76:
911:
1173:
1183:
1205:
959:
for the subsequent decade and a half was, in fact, an extremely complicated personality. Born and raised under modest circumstances in
83:
1016:
Between 1852 and 1890, Ecuador's exports grew in value from slightly more than US$ 1 million to nearly US$ 10 million. Production of
522:
65:
1040:, tried valiantly to return the nation to the rule of law, but, after only ten months in office, he was overthrown by the only
836:
690:
1036:
Five different presidents governed during the two decades of transition between
Conservative and Liberal rule. The first,
685:
831:
826:
821:
816:
795:
590:
577:
116:
54:
1751:
1226:
1161:
904:
90:
1756:
670:
1198:
788:
728:
50:
1144:, to fly the Ecuadorian flag briefly in order to protect Chile's neutrality in the conflict between Japan and
983:
163:
1091:
404:
1213:
1095:
897:
869:
859:
628:
478:
800:
740:
715:
535:
648:
272:
1191:
439:
1094:, a Conservative, then served as president until 1888, and he remained a powerful figure during the
35:
933:
334:
775:
735:
703:
183:
39:
1103:
416:
1045:
392:
1115:
665:
658:
463:
346:
308:
301:
755:
680:
358:
315:
177:
8:
1107:
991:
976:
811:
750:
710:
509:
428:
293:
1111:
1085:
637:
1064:
affiliation. He was extremely popular with his troops and able to woo the masses with
1041:
745:
999:
975:
in the aftermath of the 1848 revolutionary uprisings and studied under the eminent
956:
675:
238:
207:
144:
1052:
Urbina, Veintemilla later evolved into a populist military dictator rather than a
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1299:
1294:
1157:
1126:
1057:
1049:
1037:
1017:
940:
and no doubt the most controversial figure in the nation's history, condemned by
380:
169:
1731:
887:
1745:
1010:
768:
937:
298:
1149:
1061:
968:
1065:
1053:
1007:
941:
305:
960:
944:
24:
1121:
In 1895, midway through his term in office, Cordero fell victim to
1069:
1003:
995:
1222:
1134:
1122:
1077:
987:
927:
615:
1164:, commonly referred to as the Liberal Party (Partido Liberal).
972:
952:
948:
1028:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1130:
1081:
1048:. Although he came to power with the help of the old Liberal
964:
286:
218:
1073:
986:
term in 1875, García Moreno was hacked to death with a
951:
1162:
Radical
Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Radical—PLR)
1102:(Partido Progresista) presidents who followed him,
1743:
1068:on public works programs and large-scale public
1023:
1199:
905:
236:
199:
136:
16:Overview of the history of Ecuador, 1860–1895
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1206:
1192:
912:
898:
271:
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1027:
1006:'s most outstanding critic, the liberal
1110:. Flores, who was the son of President
1744:
1187:
982:Shortly after the onset of his third
691:Spanish colonization of the Americas
51:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1174:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War (1857–1860)
66:"History of Ecuador" 1860–1895
13:
1013:, exclaimed, "My pen killed him!"
967:, where he married into the local
14:
1768:
1725:
1215:
1150:General José Eloy Alfaro Delgado
881:
769:Ecuador as part of Gran Colombia
647:
595:
570:
255:
176:
162:
23:
1129:" over an agreement made with
1:
1179:
1140:, which Chile was selling to
1125:and charges of "selling the
936:is the father of Ecuadorian
215:Pro Deo, Patria et Libertate
7:
1167:
1024:After García Moreno's death
994:. The exact motives of the
224:"God, homeland and freedom"
10:
1773:
1092:José María Plácido Caamaño
1002:, remain unknown, but the
801:Marcist (March) Revolution
741:Free Province of Guayaquil
716:Viceroyalty of New Granada
1721:
1585:
1274:
1234:
924:This is a summary of the
611:
549:
545:
532:
523:Constitutional referendum
519:
506:
496:
492:
484:
474:
470:
452:
448:
438:
434:
422:
410:
398:
386:
374:
364:
352:
340:
328:
324:
314:
292:
282:
270:
249:
231:
192:
158:
153:
131:
1752:19th century in Ecuador
776:1827 Guayaquil uprising
736:Revolution of October 9
201:Dios, patria y libertad
1757:Military dictatorships
1133:. Cordero allowed the
1046:Ignacio de Veintemilla
1033:
855:Ecuador–Peru conflicts
393:Ignacio de Veintemilla
237:
200:
137:
1116:Roman Catholic Church
1031:
934:Gabriel García Moreno
666:Pre-Columbian Ecuador
464:Vicente Lucio Salazar
370:Gabriel García Moreno
335:Gabriel García Moreno
309:military dictatorship
302:presidential republic
250:"Hail, Oh Fatherland"
138:República del Ecuador
1104:Antonio Flores Jijón
1098:of the duly elected
990:on the steps of the
977:Catholic theologians
756:Guayaquil Conference
417:Antonio Flores Jijón
405:José Plácido Caamaño
47:improve this article
1108:Luis Cordero Crespo
992:presidential palace
971:, then traveled to
947:as Ecuador's worst
865:Demographic history
812:Battle of Guayaquil
789:Republic of Ecuador
751:Battle of Pichincha
729:War of Independence
711:Viceroyalty of Peru
510:Battle of Guayaquil
498:• Established
429:Luis Cordero Crespo
133:Republic of Ecuador
1732:Ecuador portal
1086:War of the Pacific
1084:were mired in the
1034:
888:Ecuador portal
1739:
1738:
1100:Progressive Party
1042:military dictator
930:from 1860 to 1895
922:
921:
671:Las Vegas Culture
621:
620:
607:
606:
603:
602:
583:
582:
515:22 September 1860
479:National Congress
424:• 1892–1895
412:• 1888–1892
400:• 1883–1888
388:• 1876–1883
376:• 1875–1876
366:• 1869–1875
354:• 1868–1869
342:• 1865–1867
330:• 1859–1865
262:
127:
126:
119:
101:
1764:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1112:Juan José Flores
963:, he studied in
914:
907:
900:
886:
885:
884:
870:Economic history
860:Military history
704:Colonial Ecuador
686:Spanish conquest
676:Valdivia culture
651:
641:
623:
622:
599:
598:
587:
586:
574:
573:
567:
566:
551:
550:
502:4 September 1859
454:• See list
347:Jerónimo Carrión
275:
264:
263:
251:
246:
242:
239:Salve, Oh Patria
211:
203:
180:
166:
148:
140:
129:
128:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
27:
19:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1726:
1724:
1717:
1581:
1270:
1230:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1182:
1170:
1158:Central America
1096:administrations
1044:of the period,
1038:Antonio Borrero
1032:Ecuador in 1860
1026:
918:
882:
880:
875:
874:
850:
842:
841:
808:
791:
781:
780:
771:
761:
760:
731:
721:
720:
706:
696:
695:
661:
639:
632:
596:
571:
538:
525:
512:
499:
458:See list (from
455:
425:
413:
401:
389:
381:Antonio Borrero
377:
367:
359:Javier Espinosa
355:
343:
331:
278:
277:Ecuador in 1860
266:
265:
256:
247:
244:
227:
205:
188:
187:
186:
181:
173:
172:
167:
149:
142:
134:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
44:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1770:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1737:
1736:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1025:
1022:
920:
919:
917:
916:
909:
902:
894:
891:
890:
877:
876:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
851:
848:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
803:
798:
792:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
772:
767:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
753:
748:
746:Luz de América
743:
738:
732:
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
713:
707:
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
662:
657:
656:
653:
652:
644:
643:
634:
633:
626:
619:
618:
613:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
593:
584:
581:
580:
575:
563:
562:
557:
547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
536:Disestablished
533:
530:
529:
526:
520:
517:
516:
513:
507:
504:
503:
500:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
486:
482:
481:
476:
472:
471:
468:
467:
456:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
440:Vice President
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
423:
420:
419:
414:
411:
408:
407:
402:
399:
396:
395:
390:
387:
384:
383:
378:
375:
372:
371:
368:
365:
362:
361:
356:
353:
350:
349:
344:
341:
338:
337:
332:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
318:
312:
311:
296:
290:
289:
284:
280:
279:
276:
268:
267:
254:
253:
229:
228:
226:
225:
222:
212:
196:
190:
189:
182:
175:
174:
168:
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
151:
150:
135:
132:
125:
124:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1769:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1734:
1733:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1011:Juan Montalvo
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
943:
939:
935:
931:
929:
915:
910:
908:
903:
901:
896:
895:
893:
892:
889:
879:
878:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
846:
845:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
785:
784:
777:
774:
773:
770:
765:
764:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
730:
725:
724:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
705:
700:
699:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:Pre-Columbian
655:
654:
650:
646:
645:
642:
636:
635:
630:
625:
624:
617:
614:
612:Today part of
610:
594:
592:
589:
588:
585:
579:
576:
569:
568:
565:
564:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
531:
527:
524:
518:
514:
511:
505:
501:
495:
491:
487:
483:
480:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:Mariano Cueva
457:
451:
447:
443:
441:
437:
433:
430:
427:
421:
418:
415:
409:
406:
403:
397:
394:
391:
385:
382:
379:
373:
369:
363:
360:
357:
351:
348:
345:
339:
336:
333:
327:
323:
319:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:
295:
291:
288:
285:
281:
274:
269:
241:
240:
234:
230:
223:
220:
216:
213:
209:
202:
198:
197:
195:
191:
185:
179:
171:
165:
157:
152:
146:
139:
130:
121:
118:
110:
107:December 2008
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1723:
1586:21st century
1275:20th century
1235:19th century
1137:
1120:
1090:
1035:
1015:
984:presidential
981:
979:of the day.
938:conservatism
925:
923:
837:1990–present
805:
560:Succeeded by
559:
554:
299:Conservative
232:
214:
194:Motto:
193:
184:Coat of arms
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
45:Please help
33:
1062:ideological
969:aristocracy
926:history of
681:Inca Empire
638:History of
555:Preceded by
541:5 June 1895
528:1 July 1869
475:Legislature
1746:Categories
1180:References
1066:employment
1054:politician
1008:journalist
945:historians
306:theocratic
294:Government
248:(English:
77:newspapers
1229:–present)
1221:Years in
1138:Esmeralda
1070:festivals
1056:with any
1000:Colombian
961:Guayaquil
957:iron fist
832:1960–1990
827:1944–1960
822:1925–1944
817:1895–1925
806:1860–1895
796:1830–1860
316:President
245:(Spanish)
154:1859–1895
34:does not
1168:See also
1004:dictator
996:assassin
629:a series
627:Part of
304:under a
1223:Ecuador
1135:warship
1123:scandal
1078:Bolivia
1050:General
988:machete
942:Liberal
928:Ecuador
640:Ecuador
616:Ecuador
591:Ecuador
578:Ecuador
534:•
521:•
508:•
485:History
283:Capital
233:Anthem:
208:Spanish
145:Spanish
91:scholar
55:removed
40:sources
1080:, and
973:Europe
953:nation
949:tyrant
849:Topics
631:on the
488:
444:
320:
243:
235:
204:
141:
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1154:exile
1146:China
1142:Japan
1131:Chile
1082:Chile
1058:party
1018:cacao
965:Quito
287:Quito
219:Latin
98:JSTOR
84:books
1713:2024
1708:2023
1703:2022
1698:2021
1693:2020
1688:2019
1683:2018
1678:2017
1673:2016
1668:2015
1663:2014
1658:2013
1653:2012
1648:2011
1643:2010
1638:2009
1633:2008
1628:2007
1623:2006
1618:2005
1613:2004
1608:2003
1603:2002
1598:2001
1593:2000
1577:1999
1572:1998
1567:1997
1562:1996
1557:1995
1552:1994
1547:1993
1542:1992
1537:1991
1532:1990
1527:1989
1522:1988
1517:1987
1512:1986
1507:1985
1502:1984
1497:1983
1492:1982
1487:1981
1482:1980
1477:1979
1472:1978
1467:1977
1462:1976
1457:1975
1452:1974
1447:1973
1442:1972
1437:1971
1432:1970
1427:1969
1422:1968
1417:1967
1412:1966
1407:1965
1402:1964
1397:1963
1392:1962
1387:1961
1382:1960
1377:1959
1372:1958
1367:1957
1362:1956
1357:1955
1352:1954
1347:1953
1342:1952
1337:1951
1332:1950
1324:1940
1316:1930
1308:1920
1300:1912
1295:1911
1290:1910
1282:1900
1266:1899
1258:1890
1250:1860
1242:1830
1227:1830
1127:flag
1106:and
1074:Peru
998:, a
170:Flag
70:news
38:any
36:cite
1328:...
1320:...
1312:...
1304:...
1286:...
1262:...
1254:...
1246:...
1156:in
1060:or
462:to
49:by
1748::
1088:.
1076:,
932:.
1225:(
1207:e
1200:t
1193:v
913:e
906:t
899:v
466:)
252:)
221:)
217:(
210:)
206:(
147:)
143:(
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
57:.
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)