1263:
1044:
511:
829:
996:
878:(engine cannon). Due to the closed-bolt design the cannon was also suitable for synchronisation gear. The HS.404 was fed by drum magazines that could accommodate 60 (or in a fixed mount 160) rounds. Since in most installations the latter was more popular, the small ammunition capacity was a weakness. In 1940, Hispano-Suiza was developing a belt-feeding system, as well as derivatives of the HS.404 in heavier calibres such as 23 mm but these projects were halted with the German occupation of France.
820:
remaining high pressure gases in the barrel to propel it and the spent cartridge backwards in a delayed sequence that allows the bolt to remain closed until the projectile has exited from the barrel. This maximizes muzzle velocity and since the bolt was locked during firing, it could be lighter than that of the
Oerlikon, thus facilitating an increase in rate of fire to 700 rounds per minute (rpm), a gain of about 200 rpm. In 1938, Birkigt patented it and started production in their Geneva factory.
1363:
1165:
1252:
33:
1516:
1375:
949:. Four cannons replaced the eight Browning machine guns in the Hurricane and in some tropical versions of the Spitfire, becoming standard armament in later fighters. Most other Spitfires had only two cannons because the outboard cannon tended to freeze at high altitudes. These were complemented with four
1031:
on the ground by the aircraft armourers before flight, the pneumatic cocking mechanism used previously being regarded as unnecessary weight and detrimental to aircraft performance; any stoppage in flight made the gun unusable until it could be cleared on the ground. The misfires also had the tendency
1150:
between 840 and 880 m/s (2,800 and 2,900 ft/s), depending on barrel length. Rate of fire was between 600 and 850 rounds per minute. The gun was 2.36 m (7 ft 9 in) long, weighing between 42 and 50 kg (93 and 110 lb). The
British Mk V and American M3/M24 weapons were
1058:
and did not have the same problems as the U.S. version of the cannon. The U.S. declined to modify the chamber of their version but nonetheless made other modifications to create the unreliable M2. By late 1942 the USAAF had 40 million rounds of ammunition stored but the guns remained unsuitable. The
973:
before flight. It was lighter and had a higher rate of fire (desirable in aircraft armament), although at the expense of some muzzle velocity. The shorter barrel meant that the weapon could be housed within the wing of a fighter plane, reducing drag and making the gun less vulnerable to freezing and
819:
On firing the 404, when the projectile passes a hole cut in the barrel, about halfway along its length, high-pressure gas behind the projectile is siphoned off and operates a piston that drives a rod, running along the top of the barrel, back against a cam on the bolt, unlocking it and allowing the
1145:
The
Hispano fired a 130 grams (4.586 oz) 20 mm diameter projectile from a 110 mm (4.331 in) long casing, the whole round weighing 257 g (9.065 oz). Lengths of the projectiles varied with type but were set to variable depth in the casing to produce a total full round
960:
The
British were concerned their production would be inadequate and licensed production of the Hispano to the US but this production never became satisfactory and the British eventually gave up on the US versions. British production was eventually increased to the point where this was no longer
794:. They took out a license on the Oerlikon FF S and made minor modifications to produce the Hispano-Suiza Automatic Cannon Type HS.7 and HS.9. Shortly after production began, the Hispano-Suiza and Oerlikon companies disagreed over patent rights and their business connection came to an end.
844:
type S auto-cannon, was rather heavy, and the movement of the heavy bolt made it best suited in static and maritime anti-aircraft defence. The lighter bolt of the HS.404 made it well suited to mounting on vehicles. The M16, an anti-aircraft version of the
982:
Mk. V Series II, which mounted two cannons in each wing. Ammunition types available included semi-armour piercing, incendiary (SAPI) and high explosive, incendiary (HEI). Around 42,500 Hispano cannons of various marks were manufactured by
2064:
The M90 series of shells were ballistically matched to make it easier to use different types without losing accuracy. Ammunition was shipped in 25-round metal canisters. There were six metal canisters per wooden crate (150 rounds).
1086:, similar in most respects except for the use of the addition of electrical cocking, allowing the gun to re-cock over a lightly struck round. The problems of the American weapons led to most U.S. fighters being equipped with the
865:
In 1938, an aircraft based version of the HS.404 was produced at the request of the French government. It was installed on a wide range of pre-war French fighter aircraft, notably in installations firing through the
1027:. The British were interested in using this weapon to ease the demand on production in England but after receiving the M1 they were disappointed. British wing-mounted fighter weapons by this period were
1129:
and is used as a light anti-aircraft gun by the army and navy in several nations. The AN/M3 was developed into the Mk12 Colt 20 mm automatic cannon, one of the main weapons on boats of the
1071:. The P-38's nose-mounted M2 featured a built-in cocking system and could simply be re-cocked in flight after a misfire, which made the misfires less of a problem than with other aircraft.
1353:
886:
Before the Second World War, the United
Kingdom had embarked on a programme to develop cannon-armed fighters. They acquired a licence to build the HS.404, which entered production as the
2353:
Williams, A.G & Gustin, E. (2003): Flying Guns World War II, Development of
Aircraft Guns, Ammunition and Installations 1933-45. Crowood Press, Ramsbury, Great Britain. 352 pages
849:, could be equipped with single or double American made copies of the Hispano-Suiza auto-cannon. This variant of the M3 Half-track was used by US and Commonwealth forces late in the
753:
commonly used in military aircraft of the 1930s. The HS.404 was produced by the French subsidiary of
Hispano-Suiza, and under license by a variety of companies in other countries.
1125:. As a ground vehicle-mounted gun, either anti-aircraft or as a general-purpose autocannon, the HS.404 lasted into the 1960s. A powered turret variant is still in production in
910:
to be inadequate and prompted the adoption of autocannon armament for the primary portion of RAF fighters. The
Beaufighter highlighted the need for a belt feed mechanism; as a
930:
had shown a tendency for the gun to jam during combat manoeuvres, leading to some official doubt as to the suitability of cannon as the sole main armament. This led to the
1485:
1856:
20 mm
Flugzeugmotorkanone Hispano-suiza FM-45 HS and 20 mm FlugzeugflĂĽgelkanone Hispano-suiza FF-45 HS. Swiss variant with 780 rpm and 875 m/s velocity.
801:, began work on the design of a new weapon to replace the Oerlikon contract, based on a locking mechanism patented in 1919 by the Swedish-American machine-gun designer
2474:
Williams, A.G. & Gustin, E. (2004): Flying Guns - The Modern Era, Development of
Aircraft Guns, Ammunition and Installations since 1945. Crowood Press, 240 pages.
1063:
Chief of Ordnance was still attempting to complete additional changes to the design to allow it to enter service. Some variations of the 20 mm guns used on the
1059:
U.S. Navy had been trying to switch to using cannon on all its combat aircraft throughout the war but the conversion never occurred. As late as December 1945 the
1015:, which concluded that a single HS404 is analogous to three .50 machine guns in firepower while weighing less than twice as much, planning to switch to the
2733:
1881:
2403:
Chinn, G.M, Oblt. (1951): The Machine Gun. History, Evolution, and Development of Manual, Automatic, and Airborne Repeating Weapons, vol I. Issued by the
1454:
2905:
2895:
1491:
1023:. When delivered, the guns proved to be extremely unreliable and suffered a considerable number of misfires due to the round being lightly struck by the
2900:
802:
2433:
1019:
as soon as the gun could be produced in sufficient numbers. In 1941 a very large building program was established, along with the production of
1262:
812:. The result was the Type 404 or HS.404. While the HS.404 resembled the parent Oerlikon FF S in many respects, its repeating mechanism was a
711:
It was widely used as an aircraft, naval and land-based weapon by French, British, American and other military services, particularly during
2036:
Ammunition was shipped in rectangular 10-shell fiberboard cartons. There were 12 cartons per metal-lined wooden packing crate (120 rounds).
778:(API) design for autocannons, a concept that was quickly taken up by other companies. Notable among the resulting designs was the Swiss
1835:
tracked armoured personnel carrier. The vehicle used a single akan m/47 cannon re-purposed from scrapped Saab 29 and Venom aircraft.
2726:
1826:
2890:
2385:
1121:
to replace the M24, while the Navy combined the original Hispano design with a lighter round for better muzzle velocity in the
2568:
2232:
1054:
In April 1942 a copy of the British Mk.II was sent to the U.S. for comparison. The British version used a slightly shorter
2719:
2271:
1074:
The U.S. followed the British development closely and when the Mk.V was designed, the Americans followed suit with the
2529:
2502:
2479:
2454:
2548:
2284:
891:
2049:, fuze: No.253 Mk.IA direct action (percussion) fuze. Weight (complete round): 0.57 lb (0.26 kg) each.
2586:
2043:, projectile weight 0.28 lb (0.13 kg), complete round weight : 0.56 lb (0.25 kg) each.
1098:
After the war, the Hispano variants disappeared fairly quickly as fighter armament due to the introduction of
984:
287:
2122:
Weight (projectile): 0.29 lb (0.13 kg), weight (complete round): 0.57 lb (0.26 kg) each.
2110:
Weight (projectile): 0.29 lb (0.13 kg), weight (complete round): 0.57 lb (0.26 kg) each.
2098:
Weight (projectile): 0.27 lb (0.12 kg), weight (complete round): 0.55 lb (0.25 kg) each.
2086:
Weight (projectile): 0.29 lb (0.13 kg), weight (complete round): 0.57 lb (0.26 kg) each.
1236:
1008:
2597:
1822:
1390:
2664:
The Machine Gun: History, Evolution, and Development of Manual, Automatic, and Airborne Repeating Weapons
2205:
The Machine Gun: History, Evolution, and Development of Manual, Automatic, and Airborne Repeating Weapons
1568:
1345:
767:
516:
2823:
2711:
2437:
2760:
907:
1203:
1047:
A lieutenant inspects an ammunition belt as used by the 20 mm Hispano cannon visible in the nose of a
2363:
1604:
1557:
1435:
2875:
1298:
1043:
775:
2055:, weight projectile: 0.37 lb (0.17 kg), complete round 0.64 lb (0.29 kg) each.
1551:
2742:
1599:
1540:
1394:
1208:
1168:
1079:
1068:
1064:
1048:
1033:
553:
341:
510:
2910:
2880:
1954:
1865:
1859:
1691:
1686:
1650:
1563:
1430:
719:, after its designer Marc Birkigt and later versions based on British development are known as
659:
454:
217:
2609:
2492:
2765:
2647:
2519:
1770:
1681:
1579:
1574:
1304:
1130:
841:
735:
2132:
1921:
1818:
1785:
1763:
1624:
1480:
1470:
1421:
1379:
1350:
927:
634:
429:
192:
791:
8:
2885:
1916:
1660:
1655:
1589:
1584:
1531:
1475:
1465:
1416:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1242:
922:
Operator, often while the aircraft was manoeuvring. The early trial installations in the
895:
807:
2248:
2174:
1889:
1832:
1792:
1666:
1645:
1634:
1609:
1594:
1426:
1060:
1055:
1012:
782:, which was based on the Becker but introduced a number of improvements. In the 1930s,
743:
577:
86:
1713:
2854:
2683:
2525:
2498:
2475:
1640:
1459:
1339:
1122:
903:
871:
654:
449:
212:
1183:
1036:
away from the wing with the failed gun when the guns were fired, due to the unequal
2839:
2705:
1939:
1906:
1844:
wheeled armoured personnel carrier. The 203A reuses old Pansarbandvagn 302 turrets.
1619:
1324:
1255:
1146:
length of 184 mm (7.244 in) regardless of projectile type. The gun had a
923:
850:
828:
786:
was asked to develop a 20 mm cannon to fire through the propeller shaft (as a
739:
2699:
2208:. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 562–590
2075:
20 mm HEFI-SAP (high explosive fragmentation incendiary semi-armor-piercing) M18A2
995:
704:
originally designed by and produced by the Swiss arm of the Spanish/Swiss company
2572:
2565:
2564:
Ammunition description of 20 mm X 110 Hispano rounds from MLM International
2552:
2458:
2236:
1502:
1497:
1445:
1440:
1411:
1406:
1367:
1198:
1193:
1147:
1099:
899:
867:
708:
in the mid-1930s. Production was later moved to the French arm of Hispano-Suiza.
677:
472:
234:
2408:
2330:
2229:
1519:
Twin M3 barrels poking out from the leading edges of the wings of a French Navy
2849:
1806:
1543:- some early 20 mm-armed models and in RAF service as Lockheed Lightning I
1450:
1334:
1329:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1230:
1087:
979:
970:
587:
549:
323:
96:
1213:
2869:
2844:
2545:
2423:, Volume 34, Number 11, November 1943, p. 16. Harvester Press, Chicago, 1943.
2292:
1378:
The short barrel Mk.V was used in most early British jet fighters, like this
1293:
1270:
Mk.IA, the only version of the Mustang to carry autocannon: the Hispano Mk.II
1107:
1103:
1016:
942:
911:
846:
833:
783:
727:
705:
124:
2667:. Vol. I. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 586–587
2662:
2203:
2746:
2419:
International Harvester Corporation. "Mr. Dealer Plan Now for the Future",
2147:
2142:
2137:
1676:
1400:
1362:
1267:
1164:
950:
938:
931:
813:
798:
747:
712:
667:
567:
462:
379:
308:
224:
144:
114:
76:
41:
twin anti-aircraft configuration, displayed at the Israeli Air Force Museum
2451:
1003:
The British version was also licensed for use in the United States as the
2770:
2741:
1838:
1708:
1520:
1188:
1134:
1114:
1110:
779:
771:
750:
582:
318:
164:
91:
961:
necessary. The ultimate version of the British wartime Hispanos was the
934:
for a brief period specifying 12-machine gun armament for new fighters.
1118:
1024:
1020:
966:
854:
701:
618:
572:
404:
313:
176:
81:
2452:"Cannon or machine gun? The Second World War Aircraft Gun Controversy"
2011:: HE and HEI: 130 g (4.6 oz), AP-T: 168 g (5.9 oz)
1113:
in most of their post-war aircraft, while the French used the similar
2818:
1486:
Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)#Mk XVI (type 361)
1251:
1028:
902:(RAF) with powerful cannon-armed interceptors. The experience of the
731:
2623:
416:
Rifling: 9 grooves, right-hand twist, 1:160 cm (1-in-63 inches) turn
32:
2494:
The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997–1998
2413:
1870:
1126:
140:
2631:
1745:
1739:
1151:
lighter and had higher rates of fire than the early HS.404 guns.
1102:, based on the prototype versions of the un-built German wartime
954:
644:
439:
202:
2249:"The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia: Hispano-Suiza 20mm Cannon"
1515:
1117:, firing similar ammunition. The USAF introduced the 20 mm
1803:/47C "Hispano Mk. V" 180-round magazine. Some built in Sweden.
1781:/47B "Hispano Mk. V" 150-round magazine. Some built in Sweden.
1037:
974:
mechanical stress. One of the main British fighters to use the
38:
1374:
1258:
Mk.IV with the long barrels of the Mk.II Hispanos in the wings
2388:. 2 January 1944 – via www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org.
919:
915:
160:
148:
2688:(War Department Training Manual TM 9-227 November 19, 1942).
914:
the 60-round drums needed to be replaced in the dark by the
2802:
1885:
168:
2497:. Annapolis, Maryland: U.S. Naval Institute. p. 436.
385:
10 kg (22 lb) (loaded 60-round M1 drum magazine)
890:
intended as aeroplane armament. Its first use was in the
857:
and was further developed by Israel in the post-war era.
766:
The first widely used 20 mm aircraft cannon was the
1382:. The gun ports are visible on the underside of the nose
1221:
790:
SS) of a gear-reduction inline aviation engine like the
2349:
2347:
1492:
Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon powered variants)#Mk XIVe
2610:"Wartime British Remotely Controlled Guns and Turrets"
2364:"Hawker Tempest Fighter-Bomber / Interceptor Aircraft"
1560:- In tail gunner position with two 0.5 in machine guns
1106:
design. The British introduced the powerful revolving
734:
from a relatively light weapon. This made it an ideal
2320:. Sutton Publishing Limited (The History Press, 2009)
2685:
20mm M1 Automatic Gun & 20mm AN-M2 Automatic Gun
2344:
1817:/47D "Hispano Mk. V" Initially 130-round belt-fed (
1554:(P-39 Airacobra diverted from export for USAAF use)
2704:is available for free viewing and download at the
1999:: 400 kg (881.849 lb) with muzzle brake
1082:(USAF) adopted a version of the M3 cannon as the
969:, and lacked the cocking cylinder thus requiring
2867:
1993:: 840 to 880 m/s (2,800 to 2,900 ft/s)
1436:English Electric Canberra B.Mk.6 & B(I).Mk.8
937:A suitable belt-feeding system was developed by
1888:APC's equipped with the same Swedish turret as
1137:and also used on some larger amphibious ships.
1088:AN/M2 .50 cal Browning light-barrel machine gun
1078:but unreliability continued. After the war the
906:had shown the batteries of eight rifle-calibre
730:projectile, it delivered a significant load of
941:and the new design was adopted by the RAF and
797:In 1933, the chief engineer of Hispano-Suiza,
2727:
2582:
2580:
2407:, Washington, USA. Available for download as
1534:- some early 20 mm-armed models and RAF
999:US Patent drawing of the Hispano Suiza cannon
738:for mounting on light vehicles, as well as a
1571:- NA-91 models were fitted with four AN/M2s.
1032:to cause aircraft with wing-mounted guns to
388:8.6 kg (19 lb) (M1 feed mechanism)
375:29.3 kg (65 lb) (breech mechanism)
2104:20 mm high explosive - incendiary M97 (T23)
945:in 1941 in a slightly modified form as the
761:
515:20 mm Hispano-Suiza Mk V on display at the
2906:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s
2896:World War II weapons of the United Kingdom
2734:
2720:
2577:
2546:World War 2 fighter armament effectiveness
2230:The various versions of Israeli Half-track
1929:
1878:20 mm Kanone 1948/73 "Hispano Mk. V"
1788:FB.50 "J 28B", two-seater DH 115 "SK 28C")
1171:, one of several French fighters with the
509:
2901:World War II weapons of the United States
2405:Bureau of Ordnance Department of the Navy
2386:"Intelligence and personal combat report"
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2080:20 mm armour piercing - tracer M95 (T9E5)
2544:Williams, A.G. & Gustin, E. (2009):
2490:
2399:
2397:
2395:
1514:
1373:
1361:
1261:
1250:
1163:
1042:
994:
827:
239:840–880 m/s (2,800–2,900 ft/s)
2654:
2517:
2312:
2310:
2047:20 mm high explosive - incendiary Mk. I
2017:: 6 to 11 g (0.21 to 0.39 oz)
2005:: ball, incendiary, HE (high explosive)
1093:
894:of 1940 and later in the more powerful
378:21.5 kg (47 lb) (barrel with
2868:
2188:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
1981:: 68.7 kg (151 lb 7 oz)
1239:—the RAF's first cannon-armed fighter.
2715:
2660:
2629:
2392:
2201:
2177:. The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
1370:carried two Hispano Mk. V in the nose
1222:UK & other Commonwealth countries
881:
2633:Spitfire Mk. IX & XVI Engineered
2307:
1975:: 43 kg (94 lb 13 oz)
1417:de Havilland Hornet & Sea Hornet
1403:(when fitted with mid-upper turrets)
823:
770:, introduced into German service in
742:gun, supplementing or replacing the
715:. The cannon is also referred to as
624:1.333 m (4 ft 4.5 in)
613:2.184 m (7 ft 2.0 in)
413:1.710 m (5 ft 7.3 in)
2160:
1969:: 2.52 m (8 ft 3 in)
1963:: 2.32 m (7 ft 7 in)
13:
2053:20 mm armour piercing - tracer M75
2026:
2015:HE and HEI rounds explosive filler
990:
874:engine, a system referred to as a
605:38 kg (83 lb 12 oz)
247:Drum magazine, belt (later models)
14:
2922:
2692:
2116:20 mm training-practice M99 (T24)
1947:: 20 Ă— 110 mm (0.79 in)
776:advanced primer ignition blowback
1825:). Later 30-round box magazine (
1736:/41A "HS 404" (built in Sweden)
1510:
1233:—a design not taken into service
1040:, throwing off the pilot's aim.
182:1.7 m (5 ft 7 in)
31:
2701:STAFF FILM REPORT 66-19A (1966)
2640:
2602:
2591:
2558:
2538:
2511:
2484:
2468:
2450:Williams, G. (September 2004):
2444:
2426:
2378:
2356:
2059:
2031:
1175:firing through the drive shaft.
860:
836:with twin H.S. 404 auto-cannons
493:60-round M1 drum or linked belt
2891:World War II weapons of France
2521:Vietnam Riverine Craft 1962-75
2434:"1943 | 2627 | Flight Archive"
2323:
2277:
2265:
2241:
2219:
1850:
1730:/41 "HS 404" (anti air cannon)
1325:Hawker Hurricane Mk IIC and IV
840:The HS.404's predecessor, the
756:
682:840 m/s (2,800 ft/s)
482:Maximum firing range
477:870 m/s (2,900 ft/s)
1:
2153:
2021:
1759:/46A "Hispano Mk. II Mod 46"
1699:
1663:- used M3s from the F8F-1B on
1310:Douglas Boston III (Intruder)
1140:
288:United States Army Air Forces
2285:"Westland Whirlwind Fighter"
1973:Weight without drum magazine
1897:
1610:Chance Vought F4U-1C Corsair
1366:The maritime reconncaisance
1009:United States Army Air Corps
774:. The Becker introduced the
485:6,500 m (7,000 yd)
7:
2518:Rottman, Gordon L. (2012).
2175:"Hispano-Suiza 20mm Cannon"
2126:
1961:Length without muzzle brake
1569:North American P-51 Mustang
908:M1919 Browning machine guns
517:Imperial War Museum Duxford
10:
2927:
2331:"Hawker Hurricane Mk II B"
2272:Air Ministry specification
2092:20 mm incendiary M96 (T18)
1821:) and 10-round magazines (
1637:and all following versions
1451:Hawker Tempest Mk V Srs II
1441:Hawker Fury & Sea Fury
1067:aircraft were produced by
2832:
2811:
2795:
2779:
2753:
2661:Chinn, George M. (1951).
2202:Chinn, George M. (1951).
1721:
1646:Chance Vought F7U Cutlass
1605:Northrop P-61 Black Widow
1558:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
1391:AĂ©rospatiale Alouette III
1346:North American Mustang IA
1330:Hawker Tempest Mk V Srs I
1159:
686:
676:
666:
653:
649:20 mm (0.79 in)
643:
633:
628:
617:
609:
601:
596:
560:
544:
539:
532:Place of origin
531:
523:
508:
501:
489:
481:
471:
461:
448:
444:20 mm (0.79 in)
438:
428:
423:
403:
399:2.54 m (100 in)
395:
368:
363:
355:
347:
337:
332:
301:
293:
283:
278:
271:Place of origin
270:
262:
255:
243:
233:
223:
211:
207:20 mm (0.79 in)
201:
191:
186:
175:
155:
135:
130:
120:
110:
105:
69:
64:
55:Place of origin
54:
46:
30:
23:
2587:Mk 5 20mm Hispano Cannon
1967:Length with muzzle brake
1641:Chance Vought F6U Pirate
1299:Consolidated Liberator I
1154:
762:From Oerlikon to Hispano
1930:Specifications (HS.404)
1692:Northrop F-89C Scorpion
1600:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
1541:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
1494:Mk.XIVe, XVIII,21,22,24
1395:South African Air Force
1301:(4 guns on 20 aircraft)
1209:Morane-Saulnier M.S.406
1204:Lioré et Olivier LeO 45
1169:Morane-Saulnier M.S.406
1080:United States Air Force
1069:International Harvester
1065:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
1049:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
342:International Harvester
257:20 mm M1 automatic gun
2648:"Spitfire Mk IX - XIV"
2524:. Osprey. p. 11.
1687:Douglas B-66 Destroyer
1651:Douglas A-3 Skywarrior
1585:Grumman F6F-5N Hellcat
1564:Curtiss SB2C Helldiver
1524:
1431:de Havilland Sea Venom
1383:
1371:
1271:
1259:
1176:
1051:
1000:
965:, which had a shorter
955:0.50 calibre (12.7 mm)
951:0.303 calibre (7.7 mm)
837:
832:Israeli anti-aircraft
668:Rate of fire
463:Rate of fire
225:Rate of fire
2598:RCAF.com The Aircraft
2491:Friedman, N. (1997).
1771:de Havilland Mosquito
1682:Boeing B-47 Stratojet
1635:Vought F4U-4B Corsair
1580:Douglas F3D Skyknight
1575:Douglas A-1 Skyraider
1518:
1377:
1365:
1305:de Havilland Mosquito
1265:
1254:
1167:
1131:Mobile Riverine Force
1046:
998:
985:Birmingham Small Arms
831:
744:7.62 mm (.30 calibre)
548:United Kingdom &
2787:Hispano-Suiza HS.404
2745:aircraft weapons of
2743:British Commonwealth
2316:March, P.R. (2007):
2253:pwencycl.kgbudge.com
2133:Hispano-Suiza HS.820
1922:FMA IAe 33 Pulqui II
1882:SchĂĽtzenpanzer 63/73
1786:de Havilland Vampire
1764:de Havilland Vampire
1625:Douglas A2D Skyshark
1481:Supermarine Spiteful
1471:Supermarine Attacker
1422:de Havilland Vampire
1351:Supermarine Spitfire
1335:Hawker Typhoon Mk IB
1094:Post-war development
1090:throughout the war.
928:Supermarine Spitfire
736:anti-aircraft weapon
678:Muzzle velocity
473:Muzzle velocity
434:20Ă—110mm Hispano "A"
235:Muzzle velocity
2318:The Hurricane story
1751:Saab 24 "not built"
1661:Grumman F8F Bearcat
1656:Grumman F9F Panther
1590:Grumman F9F Panther
1532:Bell P-39 Airacobra
1476:Supermarine Seafang
1466:Saunders-Roe SR.A/1
1289:Bristol Beaufighter
1284:Blackburn Firecrest
1279:Blackburn Firebrand
1243:Bristol Beaufighter
896:Bristol Beaufighter
359:A/N M2, A/N M3, M24
2571:2011-07-14 at the
2551:2017-10-30 at the
2463:Aeroplane Magazine
2457:2020-01-27 at the
2366:. Military Factory
2295:on 2 December 2010
2235:2016-03-15 at the
1957:, delayed blowback
1890:Pansarbandvagn 302
1833:Pansarbandvagn 302
1793:de Havilland Venom
1667:Grumman F-9 Cougar
1620:Martin AM-1 Mauler
1595:Grumman F-9 Cougar
1525:
1427:de Havilland Venom
1384:
1372:
1272:
1260:
1237:Westland Whirlwind
1177:
1052:
1001:
892:Westland Whirlwind
882:British production
838:
792:Hispano-Suiza 8BeC
748:.303 inch (7.7 mm)
721:20 mm Hispano
672:700-750 rounds/min
662:, delayed blowback
578:Rhodesian Bush War
467:650–700 rounds/min
457:, delayed blowback
333:Production history
229:700-750 rounds/min
106:Production history
87:Rhodesian Bush War
2863:
2862:
2630:Monforton, Paul.
2070:20 mm drill M18A2
2009:Projectile weight
1979:Weight (complete)
1460:Martin-Baker MB 5
1340:Martin-Baker MB 3
1123:Colt Mk 12 cannon
904:Battle of Britain
872:Hispano-Suiza 12Y
824:Anti-aircraft gun
694:
693:
497:
496:
351:1941 – April 1942
251:
250:
2918:
2840:Blockbuster bomb
2824:Molins 6-pounder
2736:
2729:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2706:Internet Archive
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2606:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2584:
2575:
2562:
2556:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2488:
2482:
2472:
2466:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2436:. Archived from
2430:
2424:
2417:
2411:
2401:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2327:
2321:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2291:. Archived from
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2245:
2239:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2171:
2041:20 mm ball Mk. I
1940:automatic cannon
1938:: single-barrel
1907:I.Ae. 24 Calquin
1840:Pansarterrängbil
1536:Bell Airacobra I
1256:Hawker Hurricane
924:Hawker Hurricane
898:, providing the
851:Second World War
811:
803:Gustaf Swebilius
740:fighter aircraft
717:Birkigt type 404
687:Feed system
513:
504:
499:
498:
490:Feed system
258:
253:
252:
244:Feed system
35:
26:
21:
20:
16:20 mm autocannon
2926:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2876:20 mm artillery
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2828:
2807:
2791:
2775:
2749:
2740:
2698:The short film
2695:
2680:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2628:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2573:Wayback Machine
2563:
2559:
2553:Wayback Machine
2543:
2539:
2532:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2489:
2485:
2473:
2469:
2459:Wayback Machine
2449:
2445:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2421:Harvester World
2418:
2414:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2237:Wayback Machine
2226:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2200:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2161:
2156:
2129:
2062:
2034:
2029:
2024:
1991:Muzzle velocity
1932:
1903:Hispano Mk. II
1900:
1884:American-built
1853:
1809:"A, B, D, E, F"
1724:
1714:RogoĹľarski IK-3
1702:
1513:
1503:Westland Wyvern
1498:Westland Welkin
1453:and subsequent
1446:Hawker Sea Hawk
1412:Bristol Brigand
1407:Avro Shackleton
1368:Avro Shackleton
1275:Hispano Mk. II
1245:—early aircraft
1224:
1199:Dewoitine D.520
1194:Dewoitine D.500
1162:
1157:
1148:muzzle velocity
1143:
1100:revolver cannon
1096:
993:
991:U.S. production
900:Royal Air Force
884:
868:propeller shaft
863:
826:
805:
764:
759:
629:
592:
556:, United States
540:Service history
527:Aircraft cannon
519:
502:
424:
419:
391:
328:
284:In service
279:Service history
266:Aircraft cannon
256:
187:
101:
65:Service history
59:
50:Aircraft cannon
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2924:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2861:
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2857:
2852:
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2821:
2815:
2813:
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2805:
2799:
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2783:
2781:
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2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2694:
2693:External links
2691:
2690:
2689:
2678:
2677:
2653:
2650:. 19 May 2021.
2639:
2622:
2601:
2590:
2576:
2557:
2537:
2530:
2510:
2503:
2483:
2467:
2443:
2440:on 2013-12-19.
2425:
2412:
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2355:
2343:
2322:
2306:
2276:
2264:
2240:
2218:
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2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1948:
1942:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1917:I.Ae. 30 Ă‘ancĂş
1913:Hispano Mk. V
1911:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1863:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1836:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:Saab 29 Tunnan
1798:
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1796:
1789:
1776:
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1754:
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1749:
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1463:
1457:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1397:cabin mounted)
1387:Hispano Mk. V
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Gloster Meteor
1317:
1315:Fairey Firefly
1312:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1231:Gloster F.9/37
1227:Hispano Mk. I
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1142:
1139:
1095:
1092:
992:
989:
980:Hawker Tempest
971:manual cocking
957:machine guns.
883:
880:
862:
859:
825:
822:
816:locking bolt.
763:
760:
758:
755:
692:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
674:
673:
670:
664:
663:
657:
651:
650:
647:
641:
640:
637:
631:
630:
626:
625:
622:
615:
614:
611:
607:
606:
603:
599:
598:
597:Specifications
594:
593:
591:
590:
588:Yom Kippur War
585:
580:
575:
570:
564:
562:
558:
557:
550:British Empire
546:
542:
541:
537:
536:
535:United Kingdom
533:
529:
528:
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505:
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401:
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372:
370:
366:
365:
364:Specifications
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
339:
335:
334:
330:
329:
327:
326:
324:Yom Kippur War
321:
316:
311:
305:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
285:
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268:
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198:
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180:
173:
172:
157:
153:
152:
137:
133:
132:
131:Specifications
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
103:
102:
100:
99:
97:Yom Kippur War
94:
89:
84:
79:
73:
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
37:HS.404 in the
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2923:
2912:
2911:Hispano-Suiza
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Aircraft guns
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Bouncing bomb
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:.303 Browning
2759:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2687:
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2681:
2666:
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2649:
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2635:
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2626:
2611:
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2599:
2594:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2561:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2533:
2531:9781782000600
2527:
2523:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2504:9781557502681
2500:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2481:
2480:1-86126-655-3
2477:
2471:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2447:
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2429:
2422:
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2250:
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2222:
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2198:
2196:
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2192:
2176:
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2159:
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2130:
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2068:
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2066:
2054:
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2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2027:United States
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1987:: 600–700 rpm
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
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1949:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1923:
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1904:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Doflug D.3803
1864:
1861:
1860:Doflug D.3802
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
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1824:
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1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1787:
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1782:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1766:FB 1 "J 28A")
1765:
1761:
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1511:United States
1504:
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1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:CAC Boomerang
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1253:
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1235:
1232:
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1228:
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1215:
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1207:
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1195:
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1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1152:
1149:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1104:Mauser MG 213
1101:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:20 mm calibre
1014:
1010:
1006:
997:
988:
986:
981:
977:
972:
968:
964:
963:Hispano Mk. V
958:
956:
952:
948:
947:Hispano Mk.II
944:
943:Fleet Air Arm
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
912:night fighter
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
879:
877:
873:
869:
858:
856:
852:
848:
847:M3 Half-track
843:
835:
834:M3 Half-track
830:
821:
817:
815:
809:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
784:Hispano-Suiza
781:
780:Oerlikon FF S
777:
773:
769:
754:
752:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:20 mm calibre
724:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
706:Hispano-Suiza
703:
699:
689:
685:
681:
679:
675:
671:
669:
665:
661:
658:
656:
652:
648:
646:
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581:
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566:
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563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
512:
507:
503:Hispano Mk.V
500:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
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470:
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464:
460:
456:
453:
451:
447:
443:
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343:
340:
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331:
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315:
312:
310:
307:
306:
304:
300:
297:United States
296:
292:
289:
286:
282:
277:
274:United States
273:
269:
265:
261:
254:
246:
242:
238:
236:
232:
228:
226:
222:
219:
216:
214:
210:
206:
204:
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196:
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174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
126:
125:Hispano-Suiza
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
104:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
72:
68:
63:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2786:
2771:.50 Browning
2754:Machine guns
2747:World War II
2700:
2684:
2669:. Retrieved
2663:
2656:
2642:
2632:
2625:
2614:. Retrieved
2612:. 2003-05-09
2604:
2593:
2560:
2540:
2520:
2513:
2493:
2486:
2470:
2462:
2446:
2438:the original
2428:
2420:
2415:
2404:
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2358:
2334:. Retrieved
2325:
2317:
2297:. Retrieved
2293:the original
2289:constable.ca
2288:
2279:
2274:F.37 of 1935
2267:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:
2243:
2221:
2210:. Retrieved
2204:
2179:. Retrieved
2148:Nkm wz.38 FK
2143:ShVAK cannon
2138:MG FF cannon
2115:
2103:
2091:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2060:Post-war era
2052:
2046:
2040:
2035:
2032:World War II
2014:
2008:
2002:
1997:Recoil force
1996:
1990:
1985:Rate of fire
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1955:gas operated
1950:
1944:
1935:
1839:
1814:
1800:
1778:
1756:
1733:
1727:
1677:Convair B-36
1535:
1401:Avro Lincoln
1184:Bloch MB.152
1173:moteur-canon
1172:
1144:
1097:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1053:
1011:(USAAC) and
1004:
1002:
975:
962:
959:
946:
939:Martin-Baker
936:
932:Air Ministry
888:Hispano Mk.I
887:
885:
876:moteur-canon
875:
864:
861:Aircraft gun
839:
818:
814:gas-operated
799:Marc Birkigt
796:
788:moteur-canon
787:
768:Becker model
765:
751:machine guns
725:
720:
716:
713:World War II
710:
697:
695:
660:Gas operated
621: length
568:World War II
554:Commonwealth
545:Used by
455:Gas operated
407: length
380:muzzle brake
338:Manufacturer
309:World War II
294:Used by
218:Gas operated
179: length
121:Manufacturer
115:Marc Birkigt
77:World War II
18:
2370:16 December
2336:16 December
2299:16 December
2227:(in French)
1851:Switzerland
1709:Ikarus IK-2
1189:Breguet 693
1135:Vietnam War
1115:DEFA cannon
1111:ADEN cannon
1007:, with the
806: [
772:World War I
757:Development
583:Six Day War
319:Six Day War
92:Six Day War
58:Switzerland
2886:Autocannon
2870:Categories
2855:Grand Slam
2812:Heavy guns
2671:2010-07-28
2616:2008-08-05
2258:2022-12-22
2212:2010-07-28
2181:2015-12-30
2154:References
2022:Ammunition
2003:Ammunition
1700:Yugoslavia
1552:Bell P-400
1462:—prototype
1356:to Mark 20
1342:—prototype
1141:Properties
1119:M39 cannon
1061:U. S. Army
1025:firing pin
1021:ammunition
855:Korean War
702:autocannon
573:Korean War
314:Korean War
159:2.52
143:(108
82:Korean War
2819:Vickers S
2766:Vickers K
1951:Operation
1898:Argentina
1862:"D.3802A"
1742:"J 21A-1"
1214:Potez 631
1013:U.S. Navy
853:, in the
732:explosive
726:Firing a
635:Cartridge
430:Cartridge
193:Cartridge
2569:Archived
2549:Archived
2455:Archived
2233:Archived
2127:See also
1871:EKW C-36
1728:LvAkan m
1127:Honduras
978:was the
920:Wireless
842:Oerlikon
639:20Ă—110mm
356:Variants
348:Produced
197:20Ă—110mm
163:(8
139:49
111:Designer
2850:Tallboy
2796:Rockets
1945:Calibre
1773:NF.XIX)
1748:"T 18B"
1746:Saab 18
1740:Saab 21
1705:HS.404
1521:Corsair
1488:Mk.XVIe
1380:Vampire
1354:Marks V
1268:Mustang
1180:HS.404
1133:in the
1056:chamber
987:(BSA).
953:or two
870:of the
645:Calibre
440:Calibre
203:Calibre
167:3
147:0
25:HS.404
2780:Cannon
2528:
2501:
2478:
1827:MPHC-T
1815:Akan m
1801:Akan m
1795:NF 51)
1791:J 33 (
1784:J 28 (
1779:Akan m
1769:J 30 (
1762:J 28 (
1757:Akan m
1734:Akan m
1722:Sweden
1631:AN/M3
1548:AN/M2
1429:&
1160:France
1076:A/N M3
1038:recoil
1029:cocked
967:barrel
700:is an
698:HS.404
655:Action
619:Barrel
610:Length
450:Action
405:Barrel
396:Length
213:Action
177:Barrel
156:Length
60:France
39:TCM-20
2833:Bombs
1455:Marks
1155:Users
1108:30 mm
976:Mk. V
916:Radar
810:]
2803:RP-3
2526:ISBN
2499:ISBN
2476:ISBN
2372:2010
2338:2010
2301:2010
1936:Type
1886:M113
1842:203A
1673:M24
1616:T31
926:and
746:and
696:The
690:Belt
602:Mass
561:Wars
524:Type
369:Mass
302:Wars
263:Type
136:Mass
70:Wars
47:Type
2566:PDF
2409:PDF
1829:).
1528:M1
1084:M24
1034:yaw
2872::
2579:^
2461:.
2394:^
2346:^
2309:^
2287:.
2251:.
2225:*
2190:^
2162:^
1953::
1873:04
1823:AP
1819:HE
1266:A
1005:M1
808:sv
723:.
552:,
169:in
165:ft
149:oz
145:lb
141:kg
2735:e
2728:t
2721:v
2708:.
2674:.
2636:.
2619:.
2555:.
2534:.
2507:.
2465:.
2374:.
2340:.
2303:.
2261:.
2215:.
2184:.
1523:.
1393:(
918:/
382:)
171:)
161:m
151:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
