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hold Nepal back from reaching sufficient status and thus stand out. There is no
Climate Finance Plan and emissions and temperature rising rate ranking at critically insufficient. Nepal has many goals, however, that are on track with the Paris Agreement. The first of note being a goal of net-zero emissions by 2045. To reach this goal Nepal submitted two separate plans to account for whatever future they experience the first being WAM (with additional measures) and the second being WEM (with existing measures). WEM is based primarily on already existing policies and highlights the energy sector as the main target for CO2 reduction. The WAM scenario introduces a far more ambitious strategy for reducing emissions. In this scenario the focus is primarily on an intervention method and disruption of the energy sector reducing the use of fossil fuels and the incorporation of renewable energy sources. This pathway heavily relies on reducing emissions from energy sources while preserving the carbon-absorbing capacity of the LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry) sector. Under this scenario, it is anticipated that net CO2 emissions will remain negative from 2020 to 2030, approach 'zero' between 2035 and 2045, and then revert to negative values by 2050. The goal of this scenario is to accelerate the journey toward achieving carbon neutrality before 2045. These policies along with many more have Nepal on track to stay beneath the 1.5 threshold set by the Paris Agreement.
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lack of safe drinking water. Illness is not the only danger to the communities as temperatures sky rocket. With the climate changing weather patterns are also changing and more extreme weather events are occurring putting local communities more at risk to physical harm and death during erratic weather events. Marginalized groups including children and women are experiencing more severe impacts from climate change and are often more exposed to disease and injury. Over the last couple years these health impacts have gotten increasingly worse and more common. Recent studies have shown that dengue fever has had a consistent pattern of epidemic in Nepal in the years 2010, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2022 with the largest in terms of severity occurring in 2022. 54,784 reported cases were recorded from all 77 districts in seven provinces. These diseases are simply in addition to other diseases that can be seen with the rise of global temperatures and air pollution. Many vulnerable groups are experiencing an increase in respiratory illness, cardiac illnesses, and asthma. The heat can lead to issues such as a strain on respiratory illnesses, heat stroke, and fever. There is also the increased risk of cancer. Many lower income communities such as the himalayan villages suffer from exposure to more pollution or in some cases exposure to toxic chemicals which has led to an increased rate of cancer in these communities as well as an increased risk of death.
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cooler, and changes in weather patterns even compared to early 2000s weather. Many local villagers have identified climate change simply through the availability of certain native plants decreasing or shifting seasons. The concept of climate change has now been aligned with the risk of natural disasters and has increased awareness in the local communities. These impacts of climate change have greatly affected agriculture in the area and has forced farmers to change crops and when they plant them. In response to this rather than push for policy change, citizens have begun to adapt to climate change. According to
Dhungana, 91.94% of the respondents experienced drought as major climatic hazards then floods at 83.87%, landslides at 70.97%, and forest fires at 67.74%. In response to this citizens have begun adapting and adopting new practices. As a response to drought at the high altitudes, plantations are planting more protective trees, drought resistant plants, and have begun adopting irrigation practices drawing from nearby streams. In response to flooding, farmers have created more basins, dam construction, and small drainage canals.
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These impacts can have extreme negative effects on the villages living in the area especially as the temperatures rise at higher rates than many other places in the world (Alexander et al., 2014). There are more than 1.9 million people who are highly vulnerable due to climate change with an additional 10 million people at risk in Nepal. Nepal is among the top ten most vulnerable Global South countries due to climate change in the world, standing at number 4 as of 2010 according to the climate change risk atlas. According to NAPA (National
Adaptation Program of Action) of Nepal, many threats including floods, droughts, and landslides are an imminent threat to the glacial lake area. With this in consideration, climate change policy and framework for LAPA (Local Adaptation Plans of Action) were prepared in 2011 primarily focusing on addressing climatic hazards.
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2771:. They consider the saligrams to be representatives of the Tibetan serpent deity known as Gawo Jagpa. The Himalayan people's diversity shows in many different ways. It shows through their architecture, their languages, and dialects, their beliefs and rituals, as well as their clothing. The shapes and materials of the people's homes reflect their practical needs and beliefs. Another example of the diversity amongst the Himalayan peoples is that handwoven textiles display colors and patterns unique to their ethnic backgrounds. Finally, some people place great importance on jewelry. The Rai and Limbu women wear big gold earrings and nose rings to show their wealth through their jewelry. Several places in the Himalayas are of religious significance in,
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fires with green branches and mud, construction of fire lines, and are raising awareness about the wildfires. Fire lines are lines of varying width built through the leaf litter of a forest floor down to the soil and minerals to prevent a spread of fire past the line. The main reason for these adaptations is to decrease the risk that climate change poses over these marginalized communities while taking advantage of the moment and allowing for a positive change towards a more sustainable or adaptable future. Major barriers to these adaptations include a lack of funds, a lack of knowledge, a lack of technology, a lack of time, and lack of mandatory policy.
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last 40–50 years. Local conditions play a large role in glacial retreat, however, and glacial loss can vary locally from a few m/yr to 61 m/yr. A marked acceleration in glacial mass loss has also been observed since 1975, from about 5–13 Gt/yr to 16–24 Gt/yr. Although the effect of this will not be known for many years, it potentially could mean disaster for the hundreds of millions of people who rely on the glaciers to feed the rivers during the dry seasons. The global climate change will affect the water resources and livelihoods of the
Greater Himalayan region.
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basin, and 50–70% in the
Brahmaputra Basin, as the snowline elevation in these regions will rise by between 4.4 and 10.0 m/yr. There has been more extensive modelling of glacier trends: it is projected that one third of all glaciers in the extended HKH region will be lost by 2100 even if the warming is limited to 1.5 °C (with over half of that loss in the Eastern Himalaya region), while RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are likely to lead to the losses of 50% and >67% of the region's glaciers over the same timeframe.
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1536:, and in the north, they joined with the former Tibetan inland ice. To the south, outflow glaciers came to an end below an elevation of 1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,600 ft). While the current valley glaciers of the Himalaya reach at most 20 to 32 km (12 to 20 mi) in length, several of the main valley glaciers were 60 to 112 km (37 to 70 mi) long during the ice age. The glacier snowline (the altitude where accumulation and
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1953:. From north to south, the mountains cover more than eight degrees of latitude, spanning temperate to subtropical zones. The colder air of Central Asia is prevented from blowing down into South Asia by the physical configuration of the Himalayas. This causes the tropical zone to extend farther north in South Asia than anywhere else in the world. The evidence is unmistakable in the Brahmaputra valley as the warm air from the
2025:. Off-shore high-pressure systems in the Indian Ocean push the moist summer air inland toward the low-pressure system. When the moist air meets mountains, it rises and upon subsequent cooling, its moisture condenses and is released as rain, typically heavy rain. The wet summer monsoon winds cause precipitation in India and all along the layered southern slopes of the Himalayas. This forced lifting of air is called the
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consists of yaks, oxen, horses, and goats. Snow leopards have killed about 2.6% of the local livestock per year in response to their shrinking habitat. The overall loss, about a quarter of the average income of local farmers, has had a major impact on the local economy. In retaliation, farmers have begun killing snow leopards, seeking to protect their livestock and their livelihoods.
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between India and
Pakistan in 1972. China administers some 14,000 square miles (36,000 square km) in the Ladakh region and has claimed territory at the eastern end of the Himalayas within the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Those disputes accentuate the boundary problems faced by India and its neighbours in the Himalayan region.
2012:. Variability in monsoon rainfall, influenced by local Hadley circulation and tropical sea surface temperatures, is the main factor behind wet and dry years. This is not so much the rain of the summer months as the wind that carries the rain. Different rates of heating and cooling between the Central Asian continent and the
1599:, and a number of rivers cut through the range, particularly in the eastern part of the range. As a result, the main ridge of the Himalayas is not clearly defined, and mountain passes are not as significant for traversing the range as with other mountain ranges. Himalayas' rivers drain into two large systems:
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In recent years many citizens of these
Himalayan communities have started to notice the extreme effects of climate change by experiencing nature itself. They have noticed a decrease in precipitation especially in lowland districts, fluctuating temperatures during months of the year that are typically
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Local communities are suffering from food scarcity and malnutrition as well as an increasing risk to diseases such as malaria and dengue fever as temperatures rise and allow these diseases to migrate further north. There is also an increasing risk of water borne illnesses accompanied by an increasing
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across the region as a result of climate change. For example, glacial lakes have been forming rapidly on the surface of debris-covered glaciers in the Bhutan
Himalaya during the last few decades. Studies have measured an approximately 13% overall decrease in glacial coverage in the Himalayas over the
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Most of the population in some Asian and
African countries depends on medicinal plants rather than prescriptions and such. Since so many people use medicinal plants as their only source of healing in the Himalayas, the plants are an important source of income. This contributes to economic and modern
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precipitation in the region will increase by 4–12% in the near future and by 4–25% in the long term. There has also been modelling of the changes in snow cover, but it is limited to the end of century under the RCP 8.5 scenario: it projects declines of 30–50% in the Indus Basin, 50–60% in the Ganges
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Though India, Nepal, and Bhutan have sovereignty over most of the
Himalayas, Pakistan and China also occupy parts of them. In the Kashmir region, Pakistan has administrative control of some 32,400 square miles (83,900 square km) of the range lying north and west of the "line of control" established
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The response to landslides includes plantation grasses in previously barren areas, Gabion wall construction, avoiding livestock grazing in landslide-prone areas, and a prohibition on tillage in areas at risk of landslides. To fight the increased rate of forest fires, citizens have begun beating the
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Similar to the mountains, the communities living near the Himalayas are experiencing climate change and its negative impacts significantly more than other parts of the world. Some of the impacts that the communities are facing include erratic rainfall, flooding, rising temperatures, and landslides.
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The 2019 Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment concluded that between 1901 and 2014, the Hindu Kush Himalaya (or HKH) region had already experienced warming of 0.1 °C per decade, with the warming rate accelerating to 0.2 °C per decade over the past 50 years. Over the past 50 years, the frequency
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brings winter precipitation, especially in the west. Heavy rain arrives on the southwest monsoon in June and persists until September. The monsoon can seriously impact transport and cause major landslides. It restricts tourism – the trekking and mountaineering season is limited to either before the
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in the mountain. As the temperature is directly proportional to received radiation from the sun, the faces that receive more direct sunlight also have a greater heat buildup. In narrow valleys—lying between steep mountain faces—there can be dramatically different weather along their two
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Nepal is a part of the Paris agreement and thus is required to have a climate action plan and is being tracked by the Climate Action Tracker. According to the Climate Action Tracker, Nepal is "almost sufficient" on its track to reach the goals set by the Paris Agreement. There are two factors that
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The increasing temperatures are also leading to a decrease in territory for local wildlife. This trend has decreased the prey populations of at-risk predators, such as snow leopards. Seeking alternative food sources, snow leopards and other predators attack local farmers’ livestock. This livestock
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The flora and fauna of the Himalayas vary with climate, rainfall, altitude, and soils. The climate ranges from tropical at the base of the mountains to permanent ice and snow at the highest elevations. The amount of yearly rainfall increases from west to east along the southern front of the range.
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Under the high-warming RCP8.5 scenario where the annual emissions continue to increase for the rest of the century, the expected regional warming is 2.3–3.2 °C and 4.2–6.5 °C, respectively. Under all scenarios, winters will warm more than the summers, and the Tibetan Plateau, the central
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goal of 1.5 °C of global warming is not exceeded, warming in the HKH will be at least 0.3 °C higher, and at least 0.7 °C higher in the hotspots of northwest Himalaya and Karakoram. If the Paris Agreement goals are broken, then the region is expected to warm by 1.7–2.4 °C in the
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prevailing above each. In the winter, a high-pressure system forms and remains suspended above Central Asia, forcing air to flow in the southerly direction over the Himalayas. But in Central Asia, as there is no substantial source for water to be diffused as vapour, the winter winds blowing across
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As the physical features of mountains are irregular, with broken jagged contours, there can be wide variations in temperature over short distances. Temperature at a location on a mountain depends on the season of the year, the bearing of the sun with respect to the face on which the location lies,
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Today, the Indian plate continues to be driven horizontally at the Tibetan Plateau, which forces the plateau to continue to move upwards. The Indian plate is still moving at 67 mm (2.6 in) per year, and over the next 10 million years, it will travel about 1,500 km (930 mi)
3748:
Kuhle, M. (2005). "The maximum Ice Age (Würmian, Last Ice Age, LGM) glaciation of the Himalaya – a glaciogeomorphological investigation of glacier trim-lines, ice thicknesses and lowest former ice margin positions in the Mt. Everest-Makalu-Cho Oyu massifs (Khumbu- and Khumbakarna Himal) including
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The Himalayas are home to a diversity of medicinal resources. Plants from the forests have been used for millennia to treat conditions ranging from simple coughs to snake bites. Different parts of the plants – root, flower, stem, leaves, and bark – are used as remedies for different ailments. For
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Glacier melt is projected to accelerate regional river flows until the amount of meltwater peaks around 2060, going into an irreversible decline afterwards. Since precipitation will continue to increase even as the glacier meltwater contribution declines, annual river flows are only expected to
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The vast size, huge altitude range, and complex topography of the Himalayas mean they experience a wide range of climates, from humid subtropical in the foothills, to cold and dry desert conditions on the Tibetan side of the range. For much of the Himalayas—in the areas to the south of the high
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is an example of floral species that can be found in this area. The increase in temperature is shifting various species to higher elevations. The oak forest is being invaded by pine forests in the Garhwal Himalayan region. There are reports of early flowering and fruiting in some tree species,
2534:) have been discovered there in between 1998 and 2008, with an average of 35 new species finds every year. With Eastern Himalaya included, the entire Hindu Kush Himalaya region is home to an estimated 35,000+ species of plants and 200+ species of animals.
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Local impacts on climate are significant throughout the Himalayas. Temperatures fall by 0.2 to 1.2 °C for every 100 m (330 ft) rise in altitude. This gives rise to a variety of climates, from a nearly tropical climate in the foothills, to
1160:, which is also a strong candidate for the highest unclimbed mountain in the world. The Himalayas here are becoming increasingly rugged, with heavily forested steep valleys. The Himalayas continue, turning slightly northeast, through the Indian State of
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This diversity of altitude, rainfall, and soil conditions, combined with the very high snow line, supports a variety of distinct plant and animal communities. The extremes of high altitude (low atmospheric pressure), combined with extreme cold, favor
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The immense scale of the Himalayas means that many summits can create their own weather, the temperature fluctuating from one summit to another, from one face to another, and all may be quite different from the weather in nearby plateaus or valleys.
1330:, which rises over 8,000 m (26,000 ft) above the Indus valley and is the most westerly of the 8000 m summits. The western end terminates at a magnificent point near Nanga Parbat where the Himalayas intersect with the Karakoram and
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Temperate Himalayan wetlands provide important habitat and layover sites for migratory birds. Many mid and low altitude lakes remain poorly studied in terms of their hydrology and biodiversity, like Khecheopalri in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas.
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Dhungana, Nabin; Silwal, Nisha; Upadhaya, Suraj; Khadka, Chiranjeewee; Regmi, Sunil Kumar; Joshi, Dipesh; Adhikari, Samjhana (1 June 2020). "Rural coping and adaptation strategies for climate change by Himalayan communities in Nepal".
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of Nepal, is rated as the most dangerous. The lake, which is located at an altitude of 4,580 m (15,030 ft), has grown considerably over the last 50 years due to glacial melting. The mountain lakes are known to geographers as
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warm days and nights had increased by 1.26 days and 2.54 nights per decade. There was also a corresponding decline of 0.5 cold days, 0.85 extreme cold days, 1 cold night, and 2.4 extreme cold nights per decade. The length of the
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on the southern side of the massifs has substantial rainfall (3,900 mm or 150 in a year). Thus, although annual precipitation is generally higher in the east than in the west, local variations are often more important.
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all originate from parts of the Tibetan Plateau that are geologically distinct from the Himalaya mountains and are therefore not considered true Himalayan rivers. Some geologists refer to all the rivers collectively as the
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Kuhle, M. (2011). "The High Glacial (Last Ice Age and Last Glacial Maximum) Ice Cover of High and Central Asia, with a Critical Review of Some Recent OSL and TCN Dates". In Ehlers, J.; Gibbard, P.L.; Hughes, P.D. (eds.).
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have a snow line some 900 m (2,950 ft) lower. The higher regions of the Himalayas are snowbound throughout the year, in spite of their proximity to the tropics, and they form the sources of several large
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itself forms the northern and western boundaries of the Himalayas. It begins in Tibet, at the confluence of Sengge and Gar rivers, and flows north-west through India into Pakistan before turning south-west to the
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and permanent snow and ice at higher elevations. Local climate is also affected by the topography: The leeward side of the mountains receive less rain while the well-exposed slopes get heavy rainfall and the
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Bolch, Tobias; Shea, Joseph M.; Liu, Shiyin; Azam, Farooq M.; Gao, Yang; Gruber, Stephan; Immerzeel, Walter W.; Kulkarni, Anil; Li, Huilin; Tahir, Adnan A.; Zhang, Guoqing; Zhang, Yinsheng (5 January 2019).
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Serenari, Christopher; Leung, Yu-Fai; Attarian, Aram; Franck, Chris (2012), "Understanding environmentally significant behavior among whitewater rafting and trekking guides in the Garhwal Himalaya, India",
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Kaushik, Saurabh; Rafiq, Mohammd; Joshi, P.K.; Singh, Tejpal (April 2020). "Examining the glacial lake dynamics in a warming climate and GLOF modelling in parts of Chandra basin, Himachal Pradesh, India".
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The mountainous areas of Hindu Kush range are mostly barren or, at the most, sparsely sprinkled with trees and stunted bushes. From about 1,300 to 2,300 m (4,300 to 7,500 ft), states Yarshater,
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Oli, Madan K.; Taylor, Iain R.; Rogers, M. Elizabeth (1 January 1994). "Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal".
2767:. The Muktinath is also a place of pilgrimage for the Tibetan Buddhists. They believe that the trees in the poplar grove came from the walking sticks of eighty-four ancient Indian Buddhist magicians or
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of a glacier are balanced) was about 1,400–1,660 m (4,590–5,450 ft) lower than it is today. Thus, the climate was at least 7.0 to 8.3 °C (12.6 to 14.9 °F) colder than it is today.
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Krishnan, Raghavan; Shrestha, Arun Bhakta; Ren, Guoyu; Rajbhandari, Rupak; Saeed, Sajjad; Sanjay, Jayanarayanan; Syed, Md. Abu.; Vellore, Ramesh; Xu, Ying; You, Qinglong; Ren, Yuyu (5 January 2019).
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1961:, the eastern anchor of the Himalayas, and into southeastern Tibet. Temperatures in the Himalayas cool by 2.0 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) for every 300 metres (980 ft) increase of altitude.
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margins. The side to the north with a mountain above facing south can have an extra month of the growing season. The mass of the mountain also influences the temperature, as it acts as a
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South Asia are dry. In the summer months, the Central Asian plateau heats up more than the ocean waters to its south. As a result, the air above it rises higher and higher, creating a
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1744:. Some even refer to this region as the "Third Pole". The Himalayan range encompasses about 15,000 glaciers, which store about 12,000 km (2,900 cu mi), or 3600–4400
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2100:. The vegetation is sparse and stunted and the winters are severely cold. Most of the precipitation in the region is in the form of snow during the late winter and spring months.
1509:. This leads to the Himalayas rising by about 5 mm per year, making them geologically active. The movement of the Indian plate into the Asian plate also makes this region
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1863:, which is spread across the border between India and China, at the far western end of Tibet, is among the largest with a surface area of 700 km (270 sq mi).
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Humbert-Droz, Blaise (2017), "Impacts of Tourism and Military Presence on Wetlands and Their Avifauna in the Himalayas", in Prins, Herbert H. T.; Namgail, Tsewang (eds.),
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Sakai, Harutaka; Sawada, Minoru; Takigami, Yutaka; Orihashi, Yuji; Danhara, Tohru; Iwano, Hideki; Kuwahara, Yoshihiro; Dong, Qi; Cai, Huawei; Li, Jianguo (December 2005).
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becoming less frequent while heavy precipitation became both more frequent and more intense. Finally, since 1970s glaciers have retreated everywhere in the region beside
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Himalayan Range, and the Karakoram will continue to warm more than the rest of the region. Climate change will also lead to the degradation of up to 81% of the region's
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are the only mountains over 7,000 m (4.3 mi) in this part of the Himalayas. Finally, the Himalayas reach their western end in the dramatic 8000 m peak of
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industrial development both inside and outside the region. The only problem is that locals are rapidly clearing the forests on the Himalayas for wood, often illegally.
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The intensity of the southwest monsoon diminishes as it moves westward along the range, with as much as 2,030 mm (80 in) of rainfall in the monsoon season in
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The 6,000-kilometre-plus (3,700 mi) journey of the India landmass (Indian Plate) before its collision with Asia (Eurasian Plate) about 40 to 50 million
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1450:) was moving at about 15 cm (5.9 in) per year. About 50 million years ago this fast-moving Indo-Australian Plate had completely closed the
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massif on the border with India, the third-highest mountain in the world, the most easterly 8,000 m (26,000 ft) summit and the highest point of
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feed in the dense understories of bamboo. Lower down, the forests of the foothills are inhabited by several different primates, including the endangered
1065:. The gorge splits the Himalayas into Western and Eastern sections, both ecologically and orographically – the pass at the head of the Kali Gandaki, the
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and the Tibetan Plateau. They prevent frigid, dry winds from blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding
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is the main predator. Its prey includes members of the goat family grazing on the alpine pastures and living on the rocky terrain, notably the endemic
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The northern side of the Himalayas, also known as the Tibetan Himalaya, is dry, cold, and generally windswept, particularly in the west where it has a
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monsoon in April/May or after the monsoon in October/November (autumn). In Nepal and Sikkim, there are often considered to be five seasons: summer,
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Kuhle, M. (1987). "Subtropical mountain- and highland-glaciation as ice age triggers and the waning of the glacial periods in the Pleistocene".
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Apollo, M. (2017). "Chapter 9: The population of Himalayan regions – by the numbers: Past, present and future". In Efe, R.; Öztürk, M. (eds.).
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Garzanti, Eduardo; Limonta, Mara; Resentini, Alberto; Bandopadhyay, Pinaki C.; Najman, Yani; Andò, Sergio; Vezzoli, Giovanni (1 August 2013).
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2506:". The inner valleys of the Hindu Kush see little rain and have desert vegetation. On the other hand, Eastern Himalaya is home to multiple
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is also found at high altitudes. Hunted for its musk, it is now rare and endangered. Other endemic or near-endemic herbivores include the
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if they are caused by glacial activity. Tarns are found mostly in the upper reaches of the Himalaya, above 5,500 m (18,000 ft).
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2070:, the lower elevations of the Himalayas, reaching in mid-elevations in central Nepal (including the Kathmandu valley), are classified as
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The physical factors determining the climate in any location in the Himalayas include latitude, altitude, and the relative motion of the
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654:, the Himalayan mountain range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc 2,400 km (1,500 mi) long. Its western anchor,
3554:"Geology of the summit limestone of Mount Qomolangma (Everest) and cooling history of the Yellow Band under the Qomolangma detachment"
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generation would still have to adjust to greater interannual variability and lower pre-monsoon flows in all of the region's rivers.
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is home to some 600 million people; 53 million people live in the Himalayas. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of
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The great ranges of central Asia, including the Himalayas, contain the third-largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after
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Lee, Ethan; Carrivick, Jonathan L.; Quincey, Duncan J.; Cook, Simon J.; James, William H. M.; Brown, Lee E. (20 December 2021).
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Nyaupane, Gyan P.; Chhetri, Netra (2009), "Vulnerability to Climate Change of Nature-Based Tourism in the Nepalese Himalayas",
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O'Neill, Alexander; et al. (25 February 2020). "Establishing Ecological Baselines Around a Temperate Himalayan Peatland".
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5703:"Ecological status and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary of Garhwal Himalaya, India"
2740:(the personification of river Ganges). Two of the most sacred places of pilgrimage for the Hindus are the temple complex in
1478:. An often-cited fact used to illustrate this process is that the summit of Mount Everest is made of unmetamorphosed marine
1302:, cuts through the range here. Further west, the Himalayas form much of the disputed Indian-administered union territory of
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is among the highest in the world, at typically around 5,500 m (18,000 ft). In contrast, equatorial mountains in
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Scott, Christopher A.; Zhang, Fan; Mukherji, Aditi; Immerzeel, Walter; Mustafa, Daanish; Bharati, Luna (5 January 2019).
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region. The Himalayas are also believed to play an important part in the formation of Central Asian deserts, such as the
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8143:
3396:
2925:
967:
514:
13030:
12673:
10972:
10949:
10350:
9779:
9774:
9361:
8208:
7179:
6515:
6488:
6473:
6440:
6415:
6393:
6378:
6342:
6239:
6155:
5943:
4623:
3375:
3072:
473:
4640:"Spatio-temporal variation of land surface temperature and temperature lapse rate over mountainous Kashmir Himalaya"
4333:
1458:
settled on the ocean floor and the volcanoes that fringed its edges. Since both plates were composed of low density
1129:
drains the northern slopes of these mountains, before turning south and flowing to the range to the east of Makalu.
13055:
13050:
13040:
12688:
12678:
12620:
12598:
12581:
12576:
12495:
10741:
10556:
10277:
9784:
9502:
9410:
9400:
9379:
8177:
8064:
7795:
7318:
4694:
2486:(wild olive); above that, up to a height of about 3,300 m (10,800 ft) one finds coniferous forests with
2293:
models struggle to make specific projections due to the region's topography: the most certain finding is that the
2067:
1442:, about 70 million years ago, the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate (which has subsequently broken into the
13045:
13035:
12698:
12527:
12393:
12307:
12257:
10658:
10576:
10541:
10310:
10004:
8451:
8155:
8124:
7169:
7159:
7139:
3829:"Geochemistry of the Suspended Sediments of Circum-Himalayan Rivers and Weathering Budgets over the Last 50 Myrs"
3749:
information on late-glacial-, neoglacial-, and historical glacier stages, their snow-line depressions and ages".
3469:
2956:
6122:
6108:
Bleie, Tone (2003), "Pilgrim Tourism in the Central Himalayas: The Case of Manakamana Temple in Gorkha, Nepal",
2274:
near future (2036–2065) and by 2.2–3.3 °C (2066–2095) near the end of the century under the "intermediate"
2075:
1073:(the highest peak of the Karakoram range). To the east of Annapurna are the 8,000 m (5.0 mi) peaks of
666:. The range varies in width from 350 km (220 mi) in the west to 150 km (93 mi) in the east.
12642:
10635:
10360:
10282:
7079:
4773:"Unravelling Climate Change in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Rapid Warming in the Mountains and Increasing Extremes"
3801:
2424:
The unique floral and faunal wealth of the Himalayas is undergoing structural and compositional changes due to
2193:
1830:
1287:
889:: हिमवान्) is a Hindu deity who is the personification of the Himalayan Mountain Range. Other epithets include
834:
12952:
12937:
11458:
10428:
9744:
9457:
8186:
8104:
8046:
6882:
6556:
2939:
1843:
1660:
823:
6182:
Lim, Francis Khek Ghee (2007), "Hotels as sites of power: tourism, status, and politics in Nepal Himalaya",
1183:
Going west from Dhaulagiri, Western Nepal is somewhat remote and lacks major high mountains, but is home to
12985:
12637:
12267:
11994:
11699:
9227:
9222:
8932:
8846:
7974:
4998:
3553:
2005:
The Himalayan hydroclimate is crucial for South Asia, where annual summer monsoon floods impact millions.
1879:
1318:. The Himalayas form most of the south-west portion of the disputed Indian-administered union territory of
1283:
1049:
In the middle of the great curve of the Himalayan mountains lie the 8,000 m (26,000 ft) peaks of
143:
7850:
5438:"Climate change and the Western Himalayan community: Exploring the local perspective through food choices"
1191:
rises in Tibet but cuts through the centre of the region. Further west, the border with India follows the
12124:
11441:
10053:
9217:
9068:
8704:
8370:
8352:
8136:
8131:
7868:
7465:
7311:
7219:
6936:
6496:
5988:
Stories from the Deep Earth: How Scientists Figured Out What Drives Tectonic Plates and Mountain Building
2839:
2234:
of warm days and nights had also increased by 1.2 days and 1.7 nights per decade, while the frequency of
1910:
1428:
1383:
The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted
6585:
5226:"Climate Change and its socio-cultural impact in the Himalayan region of Nepal – A Visual Documentation"
5195:"Climate Change and its socio-cultural impact in the Himalayan region of Nepal – A Visual Documentation"
12302:
12287:
11585:
11570:
11144:
10783:
9550:
8736:
8729:
8525:
8466:
8347:
8216:
8114:
7903:
7516:
7189:
7119:
6619:
3944:
3143:
2951:
2947:
2935:
2569:
2145:
2123:
2093:
in the east, compared to only 975 mm (38.4 in) during the same period in Shimla in the west.
1098:
5324:"Fact Sheet | Climate, Environmental, and Health Impacts of Fossil Fuels (2021) | White Papers | EESI"
3492:
1616:. It is fed by several major tributaries draining the southern slopes of the Himalayas, including the
12683:
12615:
12586:
12571:
12312:
12237:
10729:
10618:
10561:
9806:
9352:
9297:
7872:
7720:
7224:
6992:
3876:
3094:
1993:
or the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature from the winter minimum to the summer maximum.
31:
17:
6451:
Fallen Giants: The History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes
2097:
1211:, which stands close to the source of the four main rivers of Himalayas and is revered in Hinduism,
13060:
12272:
12189:
11772:
11485:
10702:
10601:
10566:
10355:
9825:
9664:
8813:
8719:
8483:
7860:
7840:
7814:
7287:
7252:
6997:
2930:
2319:
2115:
1367:
709:
697:
11450:
2054:
is the most characteristic feature of the climate and causes most of the precipitation, while the
1989:, in which more heat is absorbed and retained than the surroundings, and therefore influences the
12919:
12610:
12517:
12194:
11904:
11899:
10200:
10061:
9749:
9065:
8876:
8241:
8226:
8172:
8165:
8054:
8007:
7999:
7959:
7845:
7582:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7144:
7134:
7124:
7056:
7051:
7021:
6987:
3827:
Gaillardet, J.; Métivier, F.; Lemarchand, D.; Dupré, B.; Allègre, C.J.; Li, W.; Zhao, J. (2003).
3196:
Wadia, D. N. (1931). "The syntaxis of the northwest Himalaya: its rocks, tectonics and orogeny".
3099:
2920:
1870:
in Nepal, in the Annapurna massif, is one of the highest lakes in the world. Other lakes include
1126:
4891:
4846:
4772:
12896:
12703:
12297:
12100:
10826:
10816:
10697:
10685:
10645:
10551:
10401:
9574:
9555:
9535:
8476:
8196:
8191:
8059:
7214:
7209:
7154:
7129:
6982:
6946:
6744:
6399:
6168:, Foreword by H.H. The Dali Lama, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 343–358,
4525:"Recent Tangible Natural Variability of Monsoonal Orographic Rainfall in the Eastern Himalayas"
4484:"Recent Tangible Natural Variability of Monsoonal Orographic Rainfall in the Eastern Himalayas"
3828:
3493:"Sediment recycling at convergent plate margins (Indo-Burman Ranges and Andaman–Nicobar Ridge)"
2897:
in the Himalayas are found to have medicinal properties, and more are likely to be discovered.
2414:
6529:, English Edition, Madras, Chinmaya Publication Trust, 1960. Translated by T.N. Kesava Pillai.
5174:
5156:
GoN a. "Climate Change Policy, 2011". Ministry of Environment, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu.
3170:
3147:
2599:
1093:
river which rises in Tibet and provides the main overland route between Nepal and China – the
12989:
12853:
12773:
12416:
12317:
11926:
10905:
10880:
10875:
10335:
9878:
9734:
9560:
9374:
8958:
8773:
8714:
8508:
8421:
8342:
8119:
8099:
7509:
7277:
7234:
7229:
7184:
7174:
7164:
7149:
7008:
6967:
6704:
6612:
6428:
5094:
4941:
3129:
2164:
of large mountains can be significant, for example, leading to near desert conditions in the
1688:
1412:
1408:
1396:
1169:
1031:
663:
585:
4564:
2759:
also lay a great deal of importance on the Himalayas. Paro Taktsang is the holy place where
1125:
region, popular for trekking, is found here on the south-western approaches to Everest. The
12863:
11839:
11557:
11021:
10821:
10778:
10680:
10571:
10340:
10157:
9290:
8724:
8699:
8332:
7779:
7705:
7700:
6780:
6330:
6292:
5938:, with Basanta Shrestha and Birendra Bajracharya, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky,
5520:
5449:
5358:
5056:
4723:
4651:
4536:
4495:
4386:
4180:
4125:
4037:
3843:
3714:
3565:
3504:
2741:
2398:
2017:
11257:
5908:
Wester, Philippus; Mishra, Arabinda; Mukherji, Aditi; Shrestha, Arun Bhakta, eds. (2019),
4167:
Rafiq, Mohammd; Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad; Mishra, Anoop Kumar; Jalal, Faizan (January 2019).
1195:
and provides a trade route into China, where on the Tibetan plateau lies the high peak of
8:
12512:
12177:
12114:
12090:
11921:
11782:
11728:
11669:
11640:
11580:
11575:
11269:
11156:
11124:
10831:
10218:
9888:
9427:
8806:
8649:
8436:
7345:
7282:
7272:
7041:
7036:
7026:
6977:
6913:
6908:
6827:
6754:
6574:
5555:
5107:
3982:
3412:
2943:
2691:, Mount Ashtapada of the Himalayan mountain range is a sacred place where the first Jain
2418:
2378:
2185:
2055:
1553:
1506:
1404:
953:
569:
498:
354:
66:
6296:
5524:
5453:
5362:
5284:
5259:
5125:. University of Michigan, Michigan: IFRI Working Paper # W081-6. pp. (pp. 350–367).
5060:
4725:
The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People
4655:
4540:
4499:
4390:
4184:
4129:
4041:
3847:
3718:
3569:
3508:
13020:
12800:
12421:
12384:
12262:
11708:
11630:
11590:
11565:
11413:
11331:
11211:
11171:
11150:
11138:
11067:
11016:
10989:
10981:
10895:
10768:
10763:
10015:
9710:
9462:
9126:
8431:
8426:
8380:
8365:
8221:
8160:
8148:
8109:
7890:
7855:
7790:
7737:
7610:
7437:
7334:
7031:
7016:
6972:
6962:
6724:
6308:
6271:
6219:
6127:
6009:
5910:
The Hindu Kush Himalya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People
5862:
5729:
5702:
5663:
5604:
5536:
5470:
5437:
5297:
5082:
4990:
4917:
4872:
4798:
4747:
4675:
4402:
4204:
4149:
4066:
4025:
3926:
3730:
3589:
2467:
2447:
1977:
1596:
1351:
1062:
370:
5823:
3776:
2218:
1695:, which originates in eastern Tibet and flows south through Myanmar to drain into the
12881:
12500:
12327:
12292:
12153:
12148:
12129:
11938:
11765:
11525:
11425:
11420:
11403:
11393:
11370:
11343:
11338:
11286:
11263:
11161:
11004:
10811:
10806:
10773:
10724:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10175:
10165:
9858:
9715:
9181:
9014:
8694:
8568:
8548:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8087:
8069:
7986:
7819:
7806:
7785:
7770:
7747:
7727:
7472:
7432:
7376:
7046:
6842:
6679:
6511:
6503:
6484:
6469:
6454:
6436:
6411:
6389:
6374:
6360:
6338:
6312:
6275:
6261:
6235:
6195:
6169:
6166:
Bird Migration across the Himalayas Wetland Functioning amidst Mountains and Glaciers
6151:
6078:
6060:
6034:
6013:
5999:
5972:
5949:
5939:
5923:
5913:
5854:
5803:
5783:
Zurick, David; Julsun, Pacheco; Basanta, Raj Shrestha; Birendra, Bajracharya (2006).
5734:
5670:
5641:
5579:
5540:
5475:
5370:
5301:
5289:
5161:
5086:
5022:
4921:
4907:
4876:
4862:
4802:
4788:
4751:
4737:
4679:
4667:
4639:
4619:
4589:
4406:
4350:
4262:
4226:
4208:
4196:
4168:
4153:
4141:
4071:
4053:
4004:
3734:
3593:
3581:
3577:
3520:
3371:
3216:
3176:
3088:
3068:
3003:
2998:
2827:
2714:
2603:
2421:, with highly restricted ranges in the east and west of the Himalayas, respectively.
2026:
2009:
1950:
1459:
1161:
1039:
741:
589:
62:
6562:
6223:
6131:
5409:
5225:
5194:
4722:
Wester, Philippus; Mishra, Arabinda; Mukherji, Aditi; Shrestha, Arun Bhakta (2019).
4137:
3516:
3448:
2748:, also known as Shaligrama because of the presence of the sacred black rocks called
2301:
diminish in the western basins where contribution from the monsoon is low: however,
12962:
12957:
12947:
12876:
12553:
12507:
12450:
12379:
12242:
12136:
12085:
12063:
11916:
11863:
11802:
11365:
11353:
11326:
11112:
11040:
11029:
10801:
10793:
10509:
10497:
10485:
10223:
10213:
10170:
9606:
9384:
9212:
9161:
9045:
8856:
8766:
8759:
8538:
8411:
8399:
8375:
8320:
8249:
8036:
7964:
7742:
7715:
7544:
7536:
7477:
7367:
6862:
6729:
6446:
6403:
6300:
6253:
6211:
6191:
6143:
6117:
6026:
5991:
5724:
5714:
5528:
5465:
5457:
5366:
5279:
5271:
5237:
5206:
5072:
5064:
5016:
4994:
4980:
4972:
4899:
4854:
4780:
4729:
4659:
4544:
4503:
4394:
4300:
4254:
4188:
4133:
4061:
4045:
3758:
3722:
3573:
3512:
2915:
2911:
2687:
There are many cultural and mythological aspects associated with the Himalayas. In
2574:
2441:
2409:. In the mountainous mixed deciduous and conifer forests of the eastern Himalayas,
2406:
1922:
1883:
1852:
1809:
1788:
1749:
1471:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1388:
1355:
1335:
1271:
1228:
1200:
1157:
1102:
1086:
855:
815:
779:
769:
749:
658:, lies just south of the northernmost bend of the Indus river. Its eastern anchor,
617:
525:
405:
383:
378:
6234:, Routledge Cultural Heritage and Tourism Series, London and New York: Routledge,
6232:
Tourism and Development in the Himalya: Social, Environmental, and Economic Forces
3465:
1501:
into Asia. About 20 mm per year of the India-Asia convergence is absorbed by
12848:
12349:
12337:
12322:
12277:
12227:
12167:
12109:
12070:
12058:
12051:
11960:
11777:
11760:
11735:
11408:
11398:
11321:
11279:
11216:
11201:
11193:
11176:
11166:
11087:
11047:
10998:
10758:
10750:
10690:
10465:
10345:
10208:
10190:
10033:
10023:
9853:
9754:
9659:
9636:
9611:
9369:
9261:
9207:
9166:
9141:
9136:
9104:
9040:
8948:
8927:
8891:
8709:
8578:
8558:
8515:
8385:
8337:
8292:
7981:
7371:
7244:
6714:
6569:
6522:
6304:
5258:
Rublee, Caitlin; Bhatta, Bishnu; Tiwari, Suresh; Pant, Suman (29 November 2023).
4822:
3392:
3361:
2890:
2737:
2617:
2430:
2394:
2390:
2270:
2255:
2196:
winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy rainfall in the
1918:
1848:
1692:
1532:
in the west. In the west, the glaciers joined with the ice stream network in the
1392:
1291:
1240:
1224:
1094:
1035:
1023:
949:
727:
639:
502:
208:
82:
70:
4936:
4903:
4858:
4847:"Status and Change of the Cryosphere in the Extended Hindu Kush Himalaya Region"
4784:
4305:
4288:
840:
829:
12993:
12942:
12841:
12805:
12785:
12768:
12708:
12472:
12364:
12342:
12332:
12184:
12162:
12046:
12041:
12026:
12021:
11948:
11894:
11846:
11817:
11723:
11713:
11348:
11316:
11291:
11250:
11221:
11206:
10233:
10185:
10028:
9698:
9671:
9616:
9257:
9248:
9171:
8901:
8832:
8782:
8664:
8618:
8573:
8553:
8503:
8456:
8441:
8357:
7695:
7672:
7592:
7577:
7358:
7262:
6790:
6775:
6719:
6674:
5696:
5461:
5047:
Gentle, Popular; Thwaites, Rik; Race, Digby; Alexander, Kim (November 2014). .
4398:
4049:
2982:
2981:
Sovereignty over the range is contested in several places, most notably in the
2677:
2475:
2425:
2382:
2336:
2329:
2240:
2176:
massifs and has annual precipitation of around 300 mm (12 in), while
2141:
1964:
1875:
1823:
1761:
1475:
1467:
1416:
1377:
1343:
1311:
1307:
1208:
1196:
731:
651:
593:
490:
347:
6257:
6215:
6030:
5995:
5953:
5532:
5068:
4733:
4663:
4192:
3762:
3691:
3538:
2613:
2552:
1663:
in western Tibet, and flows east through Tibet and west through the plains of
1537:
1000:
207:
Mount Everest and surrounding peaks as seen from the north-northwest over the
13014:
12967:
12836:
12828:
12795:
12532:
12482:
12374:
12369:
12359:
12209:
12172:
12080:
12075:
11977:
11882:
11388:
11301:
11245:
11181:
11082:
11062:
10228:
10038:
9863:
9688:
9676:
9631:
9626:
9266:
9243:
9131:
9081:
9076:
9055:
9004:
8963:
8922:
8628:
8593:
8461:
8028:
7921:
7916:
7732:
7677:
7662:
7447:
7413:
7408:
6903:
6877:
6699:
6689:
6684:
6669:
6664:
6656:
6252:, Environmental Science and Engineering, Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature,
5858:
5241:
5210:
5137:
4671:
4200:
4057:
3585:
3524:
3431:
3367:
3043:
2961:
2869:
2796:
2792:
2698:
2652:
2247:
2165:
2119:
1968:
1954:
1829:
In recent years, scientists have monitored a notable increase in the rate of
1765:
1708:
1672:
1637:
1575:
1564:
1525:
1432:
1339:
1204:
1188:
1133:
1027:
971:
633:
613:
510:
216:
165:
152:
103:
6591:
6140:
Mobile Lifeworlds: An Ethnography of Tourism and Pilgrimage in the Himalayas
12871:
12810:
12790:
12780:
12490:
12462:
12217:
11955:
11889:
11858:
11807:
11679:
11608:
11545:
11535:
11052:
10941:
10526:
10433:
10238:
10043:
9911:
9703:
9641:
9621:
9176:
8968:
8787:
8669:
8603:
8563:
8279:
7765:
7757:
7687:
7385:
7380:
7354:
7257:
6852:
6847:
6759:
6582:
Journalistic project at the Pulitzer Centre for Crisis Reporting (archived)
5738:
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4145:
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3357:
3168:
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2831:
2718:
2531:
2507:
2459:
2436:
2370:
2363:
2263:
2013:
1958:
1903:
1887:
1867:
1777:
1712:
1621:
1617:
1529:
1502:
1463:
1451:
1443:
1327:
1295:
1239:. The state is also home to the important pilgrimage destinations of Chota
1173:
1165:
1164:
as well as Tibet, before reaching their easterly conclusion in the peak of
1144:. Formerly an independent Kingdom, it lies on the main route from India to
1078:
1016:
659:
655:
647:
621:
581:
27:
Mountain range in Asia, separating Indo-Gangetic plain from Tibetan Plateau
6604:
6147:
5719:
4956:
Miehe, Georg; Miehe, Sabine; Vogel, Jonas; Co, Sonam; Duo, La (May 2007).
4289:"Evaluating high-altitude Ramsar wetlands in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas"
3016:
3008:
2225:
2108:
1728:
1085:, the capital of Nepal and the largest city in the Himalayas. East of the
12927:
12886:
12817:
12522:
12411:
12354:
12282:
12232:
12119:
12095:
11984:
11822:
11740:
11718:
11694:
11540:
11530:
11380:
11233:
11130:
10900:
10521:
10516:
10071:
9764:
9681:
9337:
9317:
8984:
8906:
8896:
8886:
8866:
8851:
8598:
8020:
7667:
7363:
7349:
6941:
6837:
6811:
6709:
6532:
6250:
Sustainable Tourism Development in the Himalya: Constraints and Prospects
4549:
4524:
4508:
4483:
2873:
tree is used to treat coughs and bronchitis. Leaf and stem paste from an
2693:
2607:
2161:
2022:
1990:
1986:
1928:
1891:
1860:
1757:
1696:
1652:
1613:
1608:
1560:
1420:
1384:
1279:
1220:
1192:
866:
577:
549:
315:
86:
74:
7071:
5866:
5842:
3930:
3914:
2032:
12457:
12426:
12252:
12247:
11911:
11872:
11834:
11752:
11625:
11510:
11505:
11237:
11104:
11035:
10076:
9591:
9282:
8881:
8871:
8861:
8829:
8415:
8254:
8231:
7931:
7710:
7623:
7559:
7418:
7398:
7393:
7105:
6872:
6749:
6739:
6694:
6636:
4250:
Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security
3726:
3705:
2886:
2881:
2843:
2835:
2402:
2306:
2302:
2283:
2201:
2173:
2134:
2090:
1914:
1895:
1796:
1737:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1629:
1625:
1585:
1581:
1486:
1479:
1331:
1232:
1177:
1105:
with four of the world's six highest mountains, including the highest:
1050:
1012:
981:
643:
625:
597:
565:
359:
54:
5969:
Geology of the Himalayan Belt: Deformation, Metamorphism, Stratigraphy
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5253:
5251:
5077:
4026:"Accelerated mass loss of Himalayan glaciers since the Little Ice Age"
3637:"Devastating earthquakes are priming the Himalaya for a mega-disaster"
2724:
with their idols studded with precious stones over there and named it
12904:
12563:
12537:
12467:
12445:
12438:
12222:
11999:
11933:
11829:
11652:
11635:
11520:
11515:
11489:
11360:
11274:
11099:
11093:
11010:
10920:
10910:
10890:
10504:
10492:
10480:
10081:
9271:
9099:
8999:
8994:
8654:
8297:
8284:
7941:
7427:
7423:
7303:
6734:
5275:
4985:
4976:
4958:"Highest Treeline in the Northern Hemisphere Found in Southern Tibet"
3673:
3169:
A.P. Dimri; B. Bookhagen; M. Stoffel; T. Yasunari (8 November 2019).
2879:
is used for wounds and as an antidote for snake bites. The bark of a
2875:
2811:
2756:
2749:
2745:
2511:
2410:
2352:
2251:
2189:
2169:
1871:
1800:
1792:
1753:
1745:
1533:
1494:
1482:
1372:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1184:
1176:
mountains. The high mountains to the north of the Tsangpo, including
1152:
pass into Tibet. East of Sikkim lies the ancient Buddhist Kingdom of
1082:
1054:
1043:
993:
988:
568:
ranges, on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, and on the south by the
561:
560:, and China. The Himalayan range is bordered on the northwest by the
518:
325:
202:
58:
6077:(3rd ed.), Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press,
4320:
3805:
3490:
2736:. The Himalayas are also considered to be the father of the goddess
12431:
12036:
11972:
11943:
11853:
11812:
11620:
11600:
11480:
10915:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10475:
10140:
9596:
9343:
9331:
9253:
9024:
8674:
8012:
7657:
7628:
7618:
7600:
7389:
7102:
5486:
5420:
5334:
5248:
4945:. Washington, DC: National Council for Science and the Environment.
4638:
Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad; Rafiq, Mohammd; Rashid, Irfan (March 2018).
4258:
4248:
3677:
2800:
2788:
2772:
2760:
2667:
2346:
1804:
1773:
1769:
1490:
1315:
1244:
1216:
1149:
1090:
918:
894:
886:
874:
675:
609:
605:
557:
537:
363:
302:
5927:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
2676:
is a sacred mountain for Hindus located in the Himalayas north of
1659:, as well as other tributaries. The Brahmaputra originates as the
12403:
12141:
12031:
11989:
11877:
11689:
11684:
11613:
11310:
11118:
10885:
10870:
10180:
10066:
9873:
9186:
8623:
8588:
8583:
8533:
8471:
8302:
8274:
8269:
8259:
7936:
7633:
7501:
7403:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
3826:
3172:
Himalayan Weather and Climate and their Impact on the Environment
2780:
2776:
2733:
2729:
2717:, had constructed three stupas and twenty four shrines of the 24
2709:
2688:
2673:
2515:
2503:
2479:
2294:
2192:
regions in the other continents. It also forms a barrier for the
2177:
2060:
2051:
1819:
1700:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1400:
1323:
1212:
1110:
1106:
1074:
1066:
870:
862:
553:
342:
234:
220:
4253:. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 29 November 2012.
2452:
located at 4,900 m (16,080 ft) in Southeastern Tibet.
1815:
976:
12909:
12013:
11967:
11674:
11661:
10925:
10531:
9896:
9601:
9019:
8989:
8644:
8613:
8543:
8446:
7926:
7569:
6920:
6887:
6867:
6785:
6466:
The Himalayan Dilemma: Reconciling Development and Conservation
2855:
2851:
2847:
2823:
2819:
2804:
2764:
2703:
2656:
2621:
2527:
2487:
2374:
2259:
2156:
2144:
during the monsoon season; the valley lies to the south of the
1981:
1781:
1741:
1704:
1656:
1648:
1633:
1347:
1319:
1275:
1256:
1248:
1153:
1141:
1122:
1118:
1114:
845:
629:
541:
250:
224:
212:
133:
78:
4770:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
1172:
river. On the other side of the Tsangpo, to the east, are the
1140:. The eastern side of Kangchenjunga is in the Indian state of
12760:
12655:
12199:
11497:
11481:
10930:
10135:
9901:
9118:
9114:
9091:
9009:
8798:
8264:
7969:
7532:
6857:
6795:
6408:
Himalayas. Growing Mountains, Living Myths, Migrating Peoples
4766:
4764:
4762:
2815:
2784:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2386:
2290:
2229:
Observed glacier mass loss in the HKH since the 20th century.
2197:
1899:
1664:
1424:
1299:
1236:
1145:
1137:
1058:
601:
573:
545:
533:
529:
506:
494:
453:
289:
276:
263:
126:
115:
5907:
5802:(5th ed.). Odyssey Books and Guides. pp. 136–137.
5509:
5260:"Three Climate and Health Lessons from Nepal Ahead of COP28"
5123:
Climate adaptation, local institutions and rural livelihoods
5042:
5040:
5038:
4721:
4695:"Climate shift linked to rise of Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau"
3970:
Shi, Yafeng; Xie, Zizhu; Zheng, Benxing; Li, Qichun (1978).
3670:
Quaternary Glaciation – Extent and Chronology, A Closer Look
2645:
1334:
ranges, in the disputed Pakistani-administered territory of
773:
721:
592:, rise in the vicinity of the Himalayas, and their combined
517:
exceeding elevations of 7,200 m (23,600 ft) above
30:
This article is about a mountain range. For other uses, see
11794:
9906:
9693:
8608:
6832:
6557:
The Digital Himalaya research project at Cambridge and Yale
6281:
6123:
10.1659/0276-4741(2003)023[0177:PTITCH]2.0.CO;2
6021:
Frisch, Wolfgang; Meschede, Martin; Blakey, Ronald (2011).
5782:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5046:
4889:
4413:
4169:"Modelling Chorabari Lake outburst flood, Kedarnath, India"
3972:"Distribution, Feature and Variations of Glaciers in China"
3551:
2523:
2519:
2483:
2289:
Future precipitation is projected to increase as well, but
2205:
2184:
The Himalayas have a profound effect on the climate of the
1069:, is the lowest point on the ridgeline between Everest and
801:
465:
459:
435:
429:
420:
330:
5843:"Lacunae in the Study of the History of Bhutan and Sikkim"
4759:
4001:
The Future of the World's Climate: A Modelling Perspective
2732:, the king of all mountains and the father of the goddess
2078:
with dry winters. Higher up, most of the Himalayas have a
8659:
5035:
3998:
3430:
Bishop, Barry C.; Chatterjee, Shiba P. (14 August 2023).
2455:
2369:
At high altitudes, the elusive and previously endangered
2037:
1180:, however, are also sometimes included in the Himalayas.
462:
444:
414:
6544:
Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010: Himalaya and Vicinity
6388:, 1990. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990.
6023:
Plate Tectonics: Continental Drift and Mountain Building
5181:
4883:
4837:
4166:
4023:
1859:
The Himalayan region is dotted with hundreds of lakes.
1595:
Despite their scale, the Himalayas do not form a major
1070:
6059:, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press,
5257:
4717:
4715:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4114:
1691:, sometimes included in the Himalayas, drain into the
1046:
are generally considered separate from the Himalayas.
763:
757:
6352:, 2nd rev. ed., Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1997.
5021:. The Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. p. 312.
4225:. People's Daily Online. 24 July 2007. Archived from
2445:. The highest known tree species in the Himalayas is
2008:
A critical influence on the Himalayan climate is the
1470:
into mountain ranges rather than subducting into the
474:
408:
6497:
Resource Information Database of the Indian Himalaya
6230:
Nyaupane, Gyan P.; Timothy, Dallen J., eds. (2022),
6020:
5436:
Das, Suraj; Mishra, Anindya Jayanta (1 March 2023).
5008:
3539:"Geologists Find: An Earth Plate Is Breaking in Two"
1132:
In the far east of Nepal, the Himalayas rise to the
456:
426:
6479:Lall, J.S. (ed.) in association with Moddie, A.D.,
5797:
4818:"A third of Himalayan ice cap doomed, finds report"
4712:
4365:
4282:
4280:
4278:
3086:
2728:. For the Hindus, the Himalayas are personified as
2707:. It is believed that after Rishabhanatha attained
2168:, which is sheltered from the monsoon rains by the
1298:, the most easterly of the five tributaries of the
940:In western literature, some writers refer to it as
450:
447:
441:
423:
417:
411:
5662:
4637:
3912:
3777:"Himalayas - Rivers, Glaciers, Peaks | Britannica"
3221:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 143–159.
3087:
2405:is found sporadically across the range, as is the
2266:, some of which may be prone to dangerous floods.
1513:active, leading to earthquakes from time to time.
1168:, situated in Tibet, inside the great bend of the
1038:, which is the highest and central range; and the
6386:Sherpas: Reflections on Change in Himalayan Nepal
4955:
4815:
4090:"Vanishing Himalayan Glaciers Threaten a Billion"
3999:Henderson-Sellers, Ann; McGuffie, Kendal (2012).
3162:
3067:, University Press of Kentucky, p. 8,11,12,
2885:is used for skin ailments. Nearly a fifth of the
2063:, autumn, (or post-monsoon), winter, and spring.
1748:(10 kg) of fresh water. Its glaciers include the
861:The name of the range is sometimes also given as
662:, lies immediately west of the great bend of the
13012:
6546:. Denver, United States Geological Survey, 2013.
5638:Healing Traditions of the Northwestern Himalayas
4843:
4275:
3429:
3136:
1866:South of the main range, the lakes are smaller.
1454:, the existence of which has been determined by
1435:were also formed as a result of this collision.
1223:, the Himalayas are regionally divided into the
10422:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
6350:Hindus of the Himalayas: Ethnography and Change
6229:
6201:
6190:(3), Royal Anthropological Institute: 721–738,
5347:
5014:
3218:Contemporary Studies in Environment and Tourism
1274:, is noted for its hill stations, particularly
865:in older writings, including the Sanskrit epic
6510:. Published by Tapovan Kuti Prakashan (2001).
6425:, Gurgaon, Indian Documentation Service, 1981.
6319:
6184:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
6116:(2), International Mountain Society: 177–184,
6057:The Asian Monsoon: Causes, History and Effects
4935:Hogan, C. Michael (2010). Monosson, E. (ed.).
4523:Kad, Pratik; Ha, Kyung-Ja (27 November 2023).
4482:Kad, Pratik; Ha, Kyung-Ja (27 November 2023).
3913:Kulkarni, Anil V.; Karyakarte, Yogesh (2014).
3208:
2510:hotspots, and 353 new species (242 plants, 16
1350:tract, extend into the Pakistani provinces of
702:
690:
678:
89:; and the two anchors of the range (in yellow)
11466:
10957:
9980:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
9298:
8814:
7517:
7319:
7087:
6620:
6596:
5933:
5120:
4613:
4469:
4430:
3969:
3062:
1675:through the world's largest river delta, the
1338:. Some portion of the Himalayas, such as the
959:
809:
783:
10971:
6163:
5660:
5640:. Springer Briefs in Environmental Science.
4618:, University Press of Kentucky, p. 52,
4529:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
4488:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
3662:
3660:
3658:
3356:
3080:
3048:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 14 August 2023.
9944:Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
8637:
6634:
6494:Nandy, S.N., Dhyani, P.P. and Samal, P.K.,
5966:
5636:Gupta, Pankaj; Sharma, Vijay Kumar (2014).
5635:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
4376:
4286:
2858:are also dotted with numerous monasteries.
2791:. A notable example of a religious site is
2538:
2246:There is less conclusive evidence of light
1290:in India. This area marks the start of the
922:
898:
735:
432:
11473:
11459:
10964:
10950:
9939:Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
9305:
9291:
8821:
8807:
7524:
7510:
7326:
7312:
7094:
7080:
6627:
6613:
6054:
5847:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
3949:Fourth assessment report on climate change
3869:
3440:
3417:A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers
1909:Some of the lakes present the danger of a
1787:Owing to the mountains' latitude near the
1286:, the centre of the Tibetan community and
944:. This was also previously transcribed as
795:
793:
713:'dwelling/house'). They are now known as "
7101:
6410:, New York, Oxford: Facts On File, 1987.
6121:
6101:
5728:
5718:
5707:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
5469:
5435:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5283:
5076:
4984:
4548:
4507:
4304:
4065:
3741:
3702:
3696:
3666:
3655:
2842:in Tibet, including the residence of the
1667:. The Ganges and the Brahmaputra meet in
717:", usually shortened to "the Himalayas".
509:'s highest peaks, including the highest,
9312:
8959:Mahabharat Range (Lower Himalayan Range)
6483:. Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1981.
6435:, London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1956.
6055:Clift, Peter D.; Plumb, R. Alan (2008),
5791:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5308:
3937:
3915:"Observed changes in Himalayan Glaciers"
3446:
2814:sites are situated in the Himalayas, in
2612:
2598:
2568:
2551:
2454:
2243:has increased by 4.25 days per decade.
2224:
2031:
1963:
1906:, near the Indo-China border in Sikkim.
1847:
1814:
1727:
1371:
1022:The Himalayas consists of four parallel
1007:
999:
987:
975:
9970:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
5934:Zurick, David; Pacheco, Julsun (2006),
5223:
5192:
5151:
5149:
5135:
4614:Zurick, David; Pocheco, Julsun (2006),
3466:"The Himalayas: Two continents collide"
3460:
3458:
3411:
3063:Zurick, David; Pocheco, Julsun (2006),
2564:
14:
13013:
7333:
6468:. London / New York, Routledge, 1989.
6137:
5990:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature.
5985:
5751:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5686:
4692:
3820:
3802:"Sunderbans the world's largest delta"
3794:
3214:
2122:; the region lies to the north of the
1520:, there was a connected ice stream of
552:. The sovereignty of the range in the
211:. Four eight-thousanders can be seen,
11454:
10945:
9286:
8802:
7505:
7307:
7075:
6608:
6595:
6586:Biological diversity in the Himalayas
6508:Himalaya: Through the Lens of a Sadhu
6107:
6072:
5840:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5377:
5321:
4934:
4816:Damian Carrington (4 February 2019).
4522:
4481:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3747:
3391:
3195:
2997:
1643:The other Himalayan rivers drain the
674:The name of the range hails from the
604:. Many Himalayan peaks are sacred in
7484:
6247:
5571:
5199:Anthrovision. Vaneasa Online Journal
5146:
4699:University of Wisconsin–Madison News
4565:"Weather & Season Info of Nepal"
4223:"Glaciers melting at alarming speed"
3455:
3130:participating institution membership
2276:Representative Concentration Pathway
1980:of the mountain, i.e. the amount of
1603:The western rivers combine into the
1391:. According to the modern theory of
1156:. The highest mountain in Bhutan is
980:Map of the Himalayas (including the
9965:Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
6539:, Cambridge University Press, 1948.
6464:Ives, Jack D. and Messerli, Bruno,
6181:
5683:
5665:Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend
5561:. BMP No. 12, Fire Lines and Lanes.
3857:from the original on 9 October 2022
3541:. Columbia University. 7 July 1995.
3447:Pletcher, Kenneth (13 March 2009).
2594:
636:—are off-limits to climbers.
24:
9949:Himalayan subtropical pine forests
7531:
6563:Geology of the Himalayan mountains
6324:
5971:. Amsterdam and Boston: Elsevier.
5936:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalayas
5880:"Himalayan Forests Disappearing".
5824:"Tibetan monks: A controlled life"
5800:Bhutan Himalayan Mountains Kingdom
5771:
5624:
4896:The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
4892:"Water in the Hindu Kush Himalaya"
4851:The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
4777:The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
3895:
3142:
2926:List of Himalayan peaks and passes
2659:, also known as the "Tiger's Nest"
968:List of Himalayan peaks and passes
138:8,848.86 m (29,031.7 ft)
25:
13072:
10674:Dehradun–Haridwar–Rishikesh Metro
9975:Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
9780:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
9775:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
6550:
6248:Pati, Vishwambhar Prasad (2020),
6110:Mountain Research and Development
5785:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya
5752:Cantor, Kimberly (14 July 2016).
5697:Jahangeer A. Bhat; Munesh Kumar;
5608:. 11 January 2012. Archived from
5575:Faith & Philosophy of Jainism
5155:
4965:Mountain Research and Development
4616:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya
4379:Wetlands Ecology & Management
4344:
3877:"The Himalayas – Himalayas Facts"
3337:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3312:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3287:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3262:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3237:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3065:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya
2585:
2556:View of Ghandruk village in Nepal
2547:
2211:
1395:, its formation is a result of a
1270:The next Himalayan Indian state,
1231:Himalayas with the high peaks of
1187:, the largest lake in Nepal. The
13026:Mountain ranges of the Himalayas
12981:
12980:
12313:West South Central United States
11437:
11436:
10441:Monuments of National Importance
7483:
7471:
7460:
7459:
7446:
6359:, Vajra Books, Kathmandu, 2019.
6337:, Delhi, Permanent Black, 2003.
6196:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00452.x
5912:, Springer Open, ICIMOD, HIMAP,
5754:"Paro, Bhutan: The Tiger's Nest"
5193:Devkota, Fidel (1 August 2013).
4118:Science of the Total Environment
3615:"Plate Tectonics -The Himalayas"
3578:10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00499.x
3175:. Springer Nature. p. 380.
3014: 'snow, frost' and
2867:example, a bark extract from an
2666:
2644:
2466:This section is an excerpt from
2345:
2328:
2217:This section is an excerpt from
2133:
2107:
2016:create large differences in the
2000:
1574:
1552:
1077:and across the border in Tibet,
556:region is disputed among India,
404:
308:
295:
282:
269:
256:
243:
201:
119:
108:
47:
12528:Latin America and the Caribbean
12394:Latin America and the Caribbean
10456:Tourist attractions in Dehradun
6481:The Himalaya, Aspects of Change
6453:. Yale University Press, 2008.
5873:
5834:
5816:
5745:
5654:
5592:
5565:
5553:
5547:
5217:
5129:
5114:
4949:
4928:
4809:
4686:
4631:
4607:
4582:
4557:
4516:
4475:
4338:
4327:
4313:
4293:Global Ecology and Conservation
4241:
4215:
4160:
4138:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136455
4108:
4082:
4017:
3992:
3963:
3769:
3684:
3629:
3607:
3545:
3531:
3517:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.008
3484:
3423:
3405:
3398:The Himmaleh was known to stoop
3385:
3363:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
3350:
3325:
3300:
3275:
3250:
3225:
2957:List of Ultras of the Himalayas
2822:, and in the Indian regions of
1957:bottlenecks and rushes up past
1636:rivers, the five rivers of the
1247:, the source of the holy river
1148:, Tibet, which passes over the
720:The mountains are known as the
612:. The summits of several—
53:The arc of the Himalayas (also
10713:Institutes of higher education
8828:
6418:and New Delhi: Bookwise, 1987.
6285:Journal of Sustainable Tourism
6138:Howard, Christopher A (2016),
5121:Agrawal, A; Perrin, N (2008).
4003:. Elsevier. pp. 199–201.
3836:Geophysical Research Abstracts
3189:
3123:dwelling, abode) + -an suffix)
3056:
3036:
2988:
2975:
2080:subtropical highland climate (
1944:
850:
838:
827:
13:
1:
9745:Ceded and Conquered Provinces
9453:Provincial Armed Constabulary
6883:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu
6423:Bibliography of the Himalayas
5669:. National Geographic Books.
3148:"Himalayas (mountains, Asia)"
3029:
2478:forests are predominant with
2377:or Himalayan blue sheep. The
2068:Köppen climate classification
1844:List of Alpine lakes in India
1089:lies the valley of the Bhote/
1081:. To the south of these lies
190:2,400 km (1,500 mi)
11995:Middle East and North Africa
11700:Middle East and North Africa
10380:Parliamentary constituencies
10316:Community Development Blocks
9812:Bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh
8933:Sino-Nepal Friendship Bridge
7975:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal
7825:Back to the Village campaign
7796:Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923
7293:North Himalayan Normal Fault
6580:South Asia's Troubled Waters
6305:10.1080/09669582.2011.638383
6091:
6075:Mountain Weather and Climate
6048:
5986:Davies, Geoffrey F. (2022).
5960:
5798:Pommaret, Francoise (2006).
5371:10.1016/0006-3207(94)90547-9
4693:Devitt, Terry (3 May 2001).
3804:. gits4u.com. Archived from
3198:Record Geol. Survey of India
2861:
2635:
2468:Hindu Kush § Flora and fauna
2397:. The critically endangered
1880:Shey Phoksundo National Park
1543:
1278:, the summer capital of the
1004:Aerial view of the Himalayas
572:. Some of the world's major
524:The Himalayas abut or cross
505:. The range has some of the
7:
9448:Fire and Emergency Services
8902:Sunkoshi or Matsang Tsangpo
8353:South Asian Free Trade Area
6937:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
6527:Wanderings in the Himalayas
6320:Mountaineering and Trekking
5967:Chakrabarti, B. K. (2016).
5787:. Lexington: U of Kentucky.
5661:Dallapiccola, Anna (2002).
5513:Journal of Mountain Science
4904:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_8
4859:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_7
4785:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_3
4644:Journal of Mountain Science
4347:"Highest Lake in the World"
4306:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00715
4173:Journal of Mountain Science
3045:Himalayas (mountains, Asia)
3017:
3009:
2904:
2286:by the end of the century.
2219:Hindu Kush § Climate change
2126:(visible in the background)
1911:glacial lake outburst flood
1723:
1429:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1314:with the town and lakes of
774:
722:
703:
691:
679:
10:
13077:
12288:Northeastern United States
11145:Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains
9069:Autonomous Region of China
8467:Nepal Academy of Fine Arts
6096:
5901:
5896:
5462:10.1007/s13280-022-01810-3
4590:"Climate of the Himalayas"
4399:10.1007/s11273-020-09710-7
4321:"Photograph of Tsho Rolpa"
4050:10.1038/s41598-021-03805-8
3451:. Encyclopedia Britannica.
3436:. Encyclopedia Britannica.
3150:. Encyclopaedia Britannica
2936:List of mountains in India
2465:
2317:
2313:
2216:
1939:
1841:
1647:. Its main rivers are the
1365:
1361:
1306:where lie the mountainous
1255:, the source of the river
1203:from this lies the sacred
1099:China National Highway 318
965:
960:Geography and key features
29:
12976:
12918:
12895:
12862:
12826:
12759:
12653:
12561:
12552:
12481:
12402:
12208:
12012:
11793:
11751:
11660:
11651:
11599:
11556:
11496:
11434:
11379:
11300:
11232:
11192:
11061:
10988:
10979:
10844:
10792:
10749:
10740:
10730:Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman
10644:
10589:
10540:
10464:
10446:State Protected Monuments
10409:
10400:
10328:
10303:
10270:
10259:
10199:
10156:
10149:
10128:
10121:
10090:
10052:
10014:
10003:
9996:
9957:
9931:
9924:
9887:
9846:
9837:
9824:
9797:
9763:
9733:
9724:
9650:
9582:
9573:
9528:
9495:
9485:Provincial Forest Service
9480:Provincial Police Service
9470:Public Service Commission
9393:
9360:
9351:
9324:
9236:
9195:
9154:
9113:
9090:
9064:
9054:
9033:
8977:
8941:
8915:
8839:
8753:
8687:
8524:
8407:
8398:
8328:
8319:
8240:
8207:
8095:
8086:
8045:
7998:
7952:
7902:
7898:
7889:
7833:
7804:
7756:
7686:
7646:
7609:
7591:
7568:
7552:
7543:
7455:
7444:
7341:
7243:
7112:
7006:
6955:
6929:
6896:
6820:
6804:
6768:
6643:
6602:
6597:Links to related articles
6373:, the IMAX movie (1998).
6335:Footloose in the Himalaya
6258:10.1007/978-3-030-58854-0
6216:10.1080/14616680802643359
6031:10.1007/978-3-540-76504-2
5996:10.1007/978-3-030-91359-5
5578:. Gyan Publishing House.
5572:Jain, Arun Kumar (2009).
5533:10.1007/s11629-019-5616-3
5069:10.1007/s11069-014-1218-0
4734:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1
4664:10.1007/s11629-017-4566-x
4470:Zurick & Pacheco 2006
4431:Zurick & Pacheco 2006
4193:10.1007/s11629-018-4972-8
3763:10.1007/s10708-005-2338-6
3095:Oxford English Dictionary
3022: 'dwelling, abode'),
2076:Humid subtropical climate
1687:and the peaks beyond the
1497:from this ancient ocean.
1026:from south to north: the
810:
794:
784:
764:
762:) or 'The Land of Snow' (
758:
736:
708:
696:
684:
369:
353:
341:
336:
324:
233:
199:
194:
186:
181:
142:
132:
99:
94:
46:
41:
32:Himalaya (disambiguation)
13031:Mountain ranges of China
12769:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
11773:Transantarctic Mountains
10973:Mountain ranges of China
9520:Leader of the Opposition
9475:Provincial Civil Service
7288:South Tibetan Detachment
7253:Geology of the Himalayas
7113:Notable Himalayan quakes
6500:, Almora, GBPIHED, 2006.
6348:Berreman, Gerald Duane,
6025:. Heidelberg: Springer.
5414:climateactiontracker.org
5242:10.4000/anthrovision.589
5211:10.4000/anthrovision.589
5015:Ehsan Yarshater (2003).
3945:"the Himalayan Glaciers"
3617:. The Geological Society
2968:
2931:List of Himalayan topics
2838:. There were over 6,000
2799:is said to have founded
2539:Climate-related concerns
2320:Ecology of the Himalayas
2044:
1837:
1645:Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin
1368:Geology of the Himalayas
616:(from the Indian side),
493:in Asia, separating the
13056:Physiographic divisions
13051:Landforms of South Asia
13041:Geography of South Asia
12518:Caribbean South America
10368:Assembly constituencies
9750:North-Western Provinces
9443:Disaster Response Force
8916:Dams, barrages, bridges
8125:Chief of the Army Staff
7583:Maya (mother of Buddha)
6542:Turner, Bethan, et al.
6406:, Olschak, Blanche C.,
6357:Tales from the Himalaya
6142:, New York: Routledge,
6073:Barry, Roger E (2008),
5351:Biological Conservation
5224:Devkota, Fidel (2013).
4594:Encyclopedia Britannica
4287:O'Neill, A. R. (2019).
3979:World Glacier Inventory
3100:Oxford University Press
2921:Indian Himalayan Region
2606:in the Indian state of
1732:South Annapurna Glacier
1718:circum-Himalayan rivers
1683:The northern slopes of
1507:Himalaya southern front
1219:, Sufism and Bonpo. In
689:'abode of snow'), from
669:
13046:Landforms of East Asia
13036:Geography of East Asia
12298:Southern United States
12101:Scandinavian Peninsula
10720:Awards and decorations
10708:School Education Board
10293:Municipal Corporations
9602:Khasa Janapada kingdom
8452:International rankings
6947:Atolls of the Maldives
6745:Chittagong Hill Tracts
6102:Pilgrimage and Tourism
5556:"Fire Lines and Lanes"
2624:
2610:
2578:
2557:
2462:
2269:In the future, if the
2230:
2041:
1972:
1856:
1826:
1733:
1380:
1101:. Further east is the
1019:
1005:
997:
996:range of the Himalayas
985:
740:), Hinvāl (हिंवाळ) in
715:the Himalaya Mountains
521:lie in the Himalayas.
12774:Antarctic Convergence
12318:Western United States
10373:Former constituencies
10351:2016 political crisis
10336:Coolie-Begar movement
8942:Geographical features
8137:Provincial assemblies
7834:Multi-party democracy
7278:Main Himalayan Thrust
6588:Encyclopedia of Earth
6575:Birth of the Himalaya
6449:and Weaver, Stewart,
6148:10.4324/9781315622026
5841:Mehra, P. L. (1960).
5720:10.1186/1746-4269-9-1
4942:Encyclopedia of Earth
3680:BV. pp. 943–965.
3497:Earth-Science Reviews
2616:
2602:
2572:
2555:
2458:
2228:
2035:
1967:
1851:
1818:
1731:
1661:Yarlung Tsangpo River
1413:Indo-Australian Plate
1409:Main Himalayan Thrust
1397:continental collision
1375:
1259:, and the temples at
1032:Lower Himalayan Range
1011:
1003:
991:
979:
664:Yarlung Tsangpo River
648:Indian tectonic plate
11840:Greater Central Asia
11022:Tarbagatai Mountains
10614:Association football
10607:Women's cricket team
9807:Rampur Tiraha firing
9503:Legislative Assembly
9411:Council of Ministers
9341:(summer); judicial:
8978:Important localities
8232:Rural Municipalities
8187:Council of Ministers
8105:Constituent Assembly
7780:Treaty of Thapathali
7701:Prithvi Narayan Shah
7140:1833 Kathmandu–Bihar
6568:16 June 2010 at the
5882:Earth Island Journal
5600:"To heaven and back"
5139:Climate Risk Dataset
5018:Encyclopædia Iranica
4898:. pp. 257–299.
4853:. pp. 209–255.
4550:10.1029/2023JD038759
4509:10.1029/2023JD038759
3413:Thoreau, Henry David
2876:Andrachne cordifolia
2565:Agricultural impacts
2018:atmospheric pressure
1917:glacier lake in the
1322:. The twin peaks of
12986:Continents of Earth
12513:Brazilian Highlands
11922:Indian subcontinent
11783:Antarctic Peninsula
11581:Southern Hemisphere
11576:Northern Hemisphere
11270:Zhongtiao Mountains
11157:Gaoligong Mountains
11125:Bayan Har Mountains
10619:Men's football team
10417:World Heritage Site
10385:Rajya Sabha members
7346:Atmospheric science
7283:Main Central Thrust
7273:Main Frontal Thrust
6828:Indo-Gangetic plain
6537:Mount Everest, 1938
6297:2012JSusT..20..757S
6204:Tourism Geographies
5525:2020JMouS..17.1462D
5454:2023Ambio..52..534D
5363:1994BCons..68...63O
5061:2014NatHa..74..815G
4656:2018JMouS..15..563R
4541:2023JGRD..12838759K
4500:2023JGRD..12838759K
4391:2020WetEM..28..375O
4185:2019JMouS..16...64R
4130:2020ScTEn.71436455K
4042:2021NatSR..1124284L
3848:2003EAEJA....13617G
3719:1987GeoJo..14..393M
3570:2005IsArc..14..297S
3509:2013ESRv..123..113G
3098:(Online ed.).
2999:[ɦɪmaːlɐjɐ]
2419:Kashmir gray langur
2415:Gee's golden langur
2379:Himalayan musk deer
2186:Indian subcontinent
2098:cold desert climate
2056:western disturbance
1671:and drain into the
1405:convergent boundary
1288:government in exile
1061:, separated by the
954:Henry David Thoreau
835:traditional Chinese
570:Indo-Gangetic Plain
499:Indian subcontinent
162: /
67:Indo-Gangetic Plain
12801:Great Barrier Reef
12422:Mainland Australia
12130:Apennine Peninsula
11591:Western Hemisphere
11566:Eastern Hemisphere
11442:Landforms of China
11414:Yuecheng Mountains
11332:Jingshan Mountains
11212:Changbai Mountains
11172:Qionglai Mountains
11151:Hengduan Mountains
11139:Tanggula Mountains
11017:Borohoro Mountains
10982:Geography of China
10602:Men's cricket team
10557:Govind Pashu Vihar
10341:Statehood movement
10288:Urban Local Bodies
9711:Anglo-Nepalese War
9592:Uttarakuru kingdom
9203:Friendship Highway
9172:Nepal Bhasa/Newari
9127:Darbhanga division
8705:Capital punishment
8371:Telecommunications
7987:Siliguri Corridor
7867:2015 earthquake -
7438:Quaternary science
7335:Physical geography
7180:1988 Myanmar-India
6755:Gandhamardan Hills
6725:Sulaiman Mountains
6421:Gupta, Raj Kumar,
6384:Fisher, James F.,
6355:Edmundson, Henry,
5701:(2 January 2013).
5699:Rainer W. Bussmann
5605:The Times of India
4779:. pp. 57–97.
4229:on 11 October 2017
4030:Scientific Reports
3933:– via JSTOR.
3883:. 11 February 2011
3850:. Abstract 13617.
3781:www.britannica.com
3727:10.1007/BF02602717
3449:"Kumaun Himalayas"
3333:"WIL Cologne Scan"
3308:"BEN Cologne Scan"
3283:"WIL Cologne Scan"
2882:Callicarpa arborea
2812:Vajrayana Buddhist
2625:
2611:
2579:
2558:
2463:
2448:Juniperus tibetica
2401:subspecies of the
2231:
2042:
1973:
1876:She-Phoksundo Lake
1874:in western Nepal,
1857:
1827:
1734:
1597:continental divide
1559:Confluence of the
1381:
1352:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1063:Kali Gandaki Gorge
1042:on the north. The
1030:on the south; the
1020:
1006:
998:
986:
824:simplified Chinese
806:Himaloy Parvatmala
701:'frost/cold') and
287:
113:
95:Highest point
13008:
13007:
13002:
13001:
12882:Mediterranean Rim
12755:
12754:
12694:Mediterranean Sea
12548:
12547:
12501:Amazon Rainforest
12328:Canadian Prairies
12293:Pacific Northwest
12154:Iberian Peninsula
11939:Arabian Peninsula
11766:Antarctic Plateau
11526:Three/Four Worlds
11448:
11447:
11426:Western Mountains
11421:Longmen Mountains
11404:Nanling Mountains
11394:Daliang Mountains
11371:Xuefeng Mountains
11344:Jiuling Mountains
11339:Luoxiao Mountains
11287:Yandang Mountains
11264:Taihang Mountains
11258:Lüliang Mountains
11162:Yunling Mountains
11005:Dzungarian Alatau
10939:
10938:
10840:
10839:
10784:Udham Singh Nagar
10725:Uttarakhand Ratna
10669:Char Dham Railway
10664:Char Dham Highway
10585:
10584:
10577:Valley of Flowers
10390:Lok Sabha members
10324:
10323:
10255:
10254:
10251:
10250:
10247:
10246:
10117:
10116:
9992:
9991:
9988:
9987:
9920:
9919:
9859:Garhwal Himalayas
9820:
9819:
9793:
9792:
9716:Treaty of Sugauli
9569:
9568:
9463:Police Department
9458:Forest Department
9280:
9279:
9155:Languages/ people
9150:
9149:
8796:
8795:
8749:
8748:
8745:
8744:
8737:Human trafficking
8683:
8682:
8394:
8393:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8310:
8144:Political parties
8115:Foreign relations
8082:
8081:
8078:
8077:
7885:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7786:Lamjang and Kaski
7771:Jung Bahadur Rana
7748:Treaty of Sugauli
7642:
7641:
7499:
7498:
7433:Landscape ecology
7377:Coastal geography
7301:
7300:
7069:
7068:
6843:Indus River Delta
6504:Swami Sundaranand
6459:978-0-300-11501-7
6447:Isserman, Maurice
6433:Ascent of Everest
6404:Gruschke, Andreas
6365:978-9937-9330-3-2
6267:978-3-030-58853-3
6175:978-1-107-11471-5
6084:978-0-521-86295-0
6066:978-0-521-84799-5
6040:978-3-540-76503-5
6005:978-3-030-91358-8
5978:978-0-12-802021-0
5919:978-3-319-92287-4
5809:978-962-217-810-6
5676:978-0-500-51088-9
5647:978-81-322-1925-5
5585:978-81-7835-723-2
5169:Missing or empty
5028:978-0-933273-76-4
4913:978-3-319-92287-4
4868:978-3-319-92287-4
4794:978-3-319-92287-4
4743:978-3-319-92288-1
4472:, pp. 50–51.
4353:on 18 August 2012
4268:978-0-309-26098-5
4010:978-0-12-386917-3
3988:on 24 April 2013.
3808:on 3 January 2015
3643:. 17 January 2019
3258:"MW Cologne Scan"
3233:"MW Cologne Scan"
3182:978-3-030-29684-1
3128:(Subscription or
2828:Arunachal Pradesh
2604:Garhwal Himalayas
2140:A village in the
2027:orographic effect
2010:Southwest Monsoon
1951:Southwest monsoon
1460:continental crust
1456:sedimentary rocks
1310:and the renowned
1304:Jammu and Kashmir
1162:Arunachal Pradesh
1040:Tibetan Himalayas
932:lord of mountains
811:হিমালয় পর্বতমালা
392:
391:
166:27.983°N 86.917°E
63:eight-thousanders
16:(Redirected from
13068:
12984:
12983:
12963:Global Southwest
12958:Global Southeast
12948:Global Northwest
12943:Global Northeast
12933:Global Heartland
12877:Indian Ocean Rim
12559:
12558:
12451:Island Melanesia
12142:Balkan Peninsula
11917:Himalayan states
11864:Russian Far East
11658:
11657:
11586:Water Hemisphere
11475:
11468:
11461:
11452:
11451:
11440:
11439:
11366:Wuling Mountains
11354:Wugong Mountains
11327:Wudang Mountains
11113:Kunlun Mountains
11053:Liupan Mountains
11041:Qilian Mountains
11030:Kunlun Mountains
10966:
10959:
10952:
10943:
10942:
10747:
10746:
10510:Kedarnath Temple
10498:Badrinath Temple
10486:Yamunotri Temple
10407:
10406:
10268:
10267:
10154:
10153:
10126:
10125:
10109:Scheduled Tribes
10104:Scheduled Castes
10096:Scheduled Tribes
10092:Scheduled Castes
10012:
10011:
10001:
10000:
9929:
9928:
9844:
9843:
9835:
9834:
9785:United Provinces
9731:
9730:
9607:Himalaya kingdom
9580:
9579:
9358:
9357:
9307:
9300:
9293:
9284:
9283:
9213:Mahendra Highway
9162:Standard Tibetan
9062:
9061:
9058:districts/ areas
9046:2008 Bihar flood
8823:
8816:
8809:
8800:
8799:
8776:
8769:
8762:
8635:
8634:
8522:
8521:
8405:
8404:
8361:
8326:
8325:
8288:
8205:
8204:
8180:
8093:
8092:
8032:
8024:
8016:
7990:
7989:(Chicken's Neck)
7965:Kathmandu Valley
7900:
7899:
7896:
7895:
7851:2005 coup d'état
7820:Panchayat system
7743:Balbhadra Kunwar
7716:Kingdom of Nepal
7684:
7683:
7566:
7565:
7550:
7549:
7526:
7519:
7512:
7503:
7502:
7487:
7486:
7475:
7463:
7462:
7450:
7368:Paleoclimatology
7328:
7321:
7314:
7305:
7304:
7220:April 2015 Nepal
7170:1950 Assam–Tibet
7096:
7089:
7082:
7073:
7072:
6863:Coromandel Coast
6730:Toba Kakar Range
6659:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6606:
6605:
6593:
6592:
6400:Gansser, Augusto
6315:
6278:
6244:
6226:
6198:
6178:
6160:
6134:
6125:
6087:
6069:
6044:
6017:
5982:
5956:
5930:
5890:
5889:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5830:. 20 March 2008.
5820:
5814:
5813:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5780:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5732:
5722:
5694:
5681:
5680:
5668:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5633:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5519:(6): 1462–1474.
5507:
5484:
5483:
5473:
5433:
5418:
5417:
5406:
5375:
5374:
5345:
5332:
5331:
5319:
5306:
5305:
5287:
5276:10.31478/202311f
5264:NAM Perspectives
5255:
5246:
5245:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5190:
5179:
5178:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5144:
5143:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5105:
5100:
5098:
5090:
5080:
5044:
5033:
5032:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
4997:. Archived from
4988:
4977:10.1659/mrd.0792
4962:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4768:
4757:
4755:
4719:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4569:Classic Himalaya
4561:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4479:
4473:
4467:
4434:
4428:
4411:
4410:
4374:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4349:. Archived from
4342:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4284:
4273:
4272:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4069:
4021:
4015:
4014:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3981:. Archived from
3976:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3910:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3856:
3833:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3757:(3–4): 193–650.
3745:
3739:
3738:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3664:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3393:Dickinson, Emily
3389:
3383:
3382:Entry: "Himavan"
3381:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3111:Etymology: <
3108:
3106:
3091:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3040:
3023:
3020:
3012:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2979:
2916:Western Himalaya
2670:
2648:
2595:Local adaptation
2577:village in Nepal
2407:Asian black bear
2349:
2332:
2146:Annapurna massif
2137:
2124:Annapurna massif
2111:
2040:in the Himalayas
1923:Dolakha District
1884:Gurudongmar Lake
1853:Gurudongmar Lake
1810:perennial rivers
1791:, the permanent
1789:Tropic of Cancer
1584:river valley in
1578:
1567:in the Himalayas
1556:
1528:in the east and
1516:During the last
1448:Australian Plate
1440:Upper Cretaceous
1389:metamorphic rock
1336:Gilgit-Baltistan
1272:Himachal Pradesh
1201:Lake Manasarovar
1158:Gangkhar Puensum
1103:Mahalangur Himal
1087:Kathmandu Valley
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
852:
851:Xǐmǎlāyǎ Shānmài
843:
832:
822:Mountain Range (
813:
812:
799:
798:
797:
796:سلسلہ کوہ ہمالیہ
792:Mountain Range (
787:
786:
777:
772:, also known as
767:
766:
761:
760:
739:
738:
725:
716:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
618:Gangkhar Puensum
485:
481:
477:
472:
471:
468:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
314:
312:
311:
301:
299:
298:
288:
286:
285:
275:
273:
272:
262:
260:
259:
249:
247:
246:
205:
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
125:
123:
122:
114:
112:
111:
51:
39:
38:
21:
13076:
13075:
13071:
13070:
13069:
13067:
13066:
13065:
13061:Tibetan Plateau
13011:
13010:
13009:
13004:
13003:
12998:
12972:
12914:
12891:
12858:
12822:
12751:
12740:South China Sea
12649:
12592:Central America
12544:
12477:
12398:
12350:Northern Mexico
12338:Northern Canada
12323:Atlantic Canada
12278:Mountain states
12204:
12059:European Russia
12052:Southern Russia
12008:
11961:Iranian Plateau
11789:
11778:West Antarctica
11761:East Antarctica
11747:
11647:
11595:
11571:Land Hemisphere
11552:
11492:
11479:
11449:
11444:
11430:
11409:Jiuyi Mountains
11399:Dalou Mountains
11375:
11322:Dabie Mountains
11296:
11280:Tianmu Mountain
11228:
11217:Wanda Mountains
11202:Greater Khingan
11188:
11177:Daxue Mountains
11167:Ailao Mountains
11088:Pamir Mountains
11065:
11057:
11048:Helan Mountains
10999:Altai Mountains
10984:
10975:
10970:
10940:
10935:
10847:
10836:
10788:
10736:
10691:Kumaoni cuisine
10647:
10640:
10631:Olympic Stadium
10626:Cricket Stadium
10581:
10543:
10536:
10467:
10460:
10396:
10361:Local elections
10346:Chipko movement
10320:
10299:
10262:
10243:
10195:
10145:
10113:
10095:
10093:
10086:
10048:
10006:
9984:
9953:
9916:
9883:
9854:Great Himalayas
9839:
9829:
9827:
9816:
9799:
9789:
9766:
9759:
9755:Agra Presidency
9736:
9726:
9720:
9677:Katyuri dynasty
9660:Garhwal Kingdom
9652:
9646:
9637:Kuninda Kingdom
9612:Parvata kingdom
9597:Paurava kingdom
9584:
9565:
9524:
9491:
9423:Chief Secretary
9389:
9347:
9329:: legislative:
9320:
9311:
9281:
9276:
9232:
9208:Araniko Highway
9191:
9146:
9142:Munger division
9137:Purnia division
9109:
9105:Sagarmatha Zone
9086:
9050:
9041:Floods in Bihar
9029:
8985:Nyalam/ Tsongdu
8973:
8949:Tibetan Plateau
8937:
8928:Kosi embankment
8911:
8835:
8827:
8797:
8792:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8741:
8679:
8633:
8579:Maghe Sankranti
8520:
8484:Public holidays
8447:Gurkhas/Gorkhas
8390:
8359:
8307:
8286:
8236:
8203:
8178:
8074:
8065:Protected areas
8041:
8030:
8022:
8014:
7994:
7988:
7982:Tibetan Plateau
7960:Cities of Nepal
7948:
7877:
7861:Jana Andolan II
7829:
7815:1951 revolution
7800:
7752:
7738:Anglo-Nepal War
7688:Early Shah rule
7682:
7650:
7648:
7638:
7611:Lichchhavi rule
7605:
7587:
7570:Shakya Republic
7564:
7539:
7530:
7500:
7495:
7451:
7442:
7372:Palaeogeography
7337:
7332:
7302:
7297:
7245:Plate tectonics
7239:
7190:1991 Uttarkashi
7120:1505 Lo Mustang
7108:
7100:
7070:
7065:
7002:
6951:
6925:
6892:
6816:
6800:
6764:
6715:Anaimalai Hills
6655:
6639:
6633:
6598:
6570:Wayback Machine
6553:
6523:Tapovan Maharaj
6327:
6325:Further reading
6322:
6268:
6242:
6176:
6158:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6085:
6067:
6051:
6041:
6006:
5979:
5963:
5946:
5920:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5888:(4): 7–8. 2006.
5879:
5878:
5874:
5839:
5835:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5796:
5792:
5781:
5772:
5762:
5760:
5758:Huffington Post
5750:
5746:
5695:
5684:
5677:
5659:
5655:
5648:
5634:
5625:
5615:
5613:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5586:
5570:
5566:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5508:
5487:
5434:
5421:
5408:
5407:
5378:
5346:
5335:
5320:
5309:
5256:
5249:
5222:
5218:
5191:
5182:
5170:
5168:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5147:
5134:
5130:
5119:
5115:
5103:
5101:
5092:
5091:
5049:Natural Hazards
5045:
5036:
5029:
5013:
5009:
5004:on 6 June 2013.
5001:
4960:
4954:
4950:
4933:
4929:
4914:
4888:
4884:
4869:
4842:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4823:TheGuardian.com
4814:
4810:
4795:
4769:
4760:
4744:
4720:
4713:
4703:
4701:
4691:
4687:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4612:
4608:
4598:
4596:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4521:
4517:
4480:
4476:
4468:
4437:
4429:
4414:
4375:
4366:
4356:
4354:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4285:
4276:
4269:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4232:
4230:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4165:
4161:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4022:
4018:
4011:
3997:
3993:
3985:
3974:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3919:Current Science
3911:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3831:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3746:
3742:
3701:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3665:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3550:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3445:
3441:
3428:
3424:
3410:
3406:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3213:
3209:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3115:(Sanskrit <
3104:
3102:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3061:
3057:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3026:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2907:
2864:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2649:
2638:
2618:Likir Monastery
2597:
2588:
2567:
2550:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2471:
2431:Hydrangea hirta
2395:Himalayan goral
2391:Himalayan serow
2359:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2322:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2278:4.5 (RCP4.5).
2271:Paris Agreement
2222:
2214:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2112:
2050:mountains, the
2047:
2003:
1947:
1942:
1919:Rowaling Valley
1846:
1840:
1831:glacier retreat
1726:
1693:Irrawaddy River
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1557:
1546:
1393:plate tectonics
1370:
1364:
1292:Punjab Himalaya
1170:Yarlang Tsangpo
1095:Araniko Highway
1036:Great Himalayas
1024:mountain ranges
974:
962:
950:Emily Dickinson
934:
931:
928:
925:
910:
907:
904:
901:
714:
672:
632:in the Tibetan
503:Tibetan Plateau
483:
479:
475:
440:
407:
403:
388:
320:
309:
307:
296:
294:
283:
281:
270:
268:
257:
255:
244:
242:
229:
228:
223:(8,201 m), and
209:Tibetan Plateau
170:
168:
164:
161:
156:
153:
151:
149:
148:
120:
118:
109:
107:
90:
83:Yarlung Tsangpo
71:Tibetan plateau
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13074:
13064:
13063:
13058:
13053:
13048:
13043:
13038:
13033:
13028:
13023:
13006:
13005:
13000:
12999:
12997:
12996:
12994:Physical Earth
12977:
12974:
12973:
12971:
12970:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12945:
12940:
12935:
12930:
12924:
12922:
12916:
12915:
12913:
12912:
12907:
12901:
12899:
12893:
12892:
12890:
12889:
12884:
12879:
12874:
12868:
12866:
12860:
12859:
12857:
12856:
12851:
12846:
12845:
12844:
12833:
12831:
12824:
12823:
12821:
12820:
12815:
12814:
12813:
12808:
12806:Mariana Trench
12803:
12793:
12788:
12786:Atlantic Ocean
12783:
12778:
12777:
12776:
12765:
12763:
12757:
12756:
12753:
12752:
12750:
12749:
12747:Southern Ocean
12744:
12743:
12742:
12737:
12735:East China Sea
12727:
12726:
12725:
12715:
12714:
12713:
12712:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12676:
12669:Atlantic Ocean
12666:
12660:
12658:
12651:
12650:
12648:
12647:
12646:
12645:
12640:
12630:
12629:
12628:
12623:
12613:
12608:
12603:
12602:
12601:
12596:
12595:
12594:
12589:
12574:
12568:
12566:
12556:
12550:
12549:
12546:
12545:
12543:
12542:
12541:
12540:
12530:
12525:
12520:
12515:
12510:
12505:
12504:
12503:
12498:
12487:
12485:
12479:
12478:
12476:
12475:
12473:Remote Oceania
12470:
12465:
12460:
12455:
12454:
12453:
12443:
12442:
12441:
12436:
12435:
12434:
12429:
12424:
12408:
12406:
12400:
12399:
12397:
12396:
12391:
12390:
12389:
12388:
12387:
12382:
12367:
12362:
12357:
12352:
12347:
12346:
12345:
12343:Western Canada
12340:
12335:
12333:Eastern Canada
12330:
12325:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12225:
12220:
12214:
12212:
12206:
12205:
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12202:
12197:
12192:
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12132:
12122:
12117:
12107:
12106:
12105:
12104:
12103:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12068:
12067:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12055:
12054:
12049:
12047:South Caucasus
12044:
12042:North Caucasus
12034:
12024:
12018:
12016:
12010:
12009:
12007:
12006:
12005:
12004:
12003:
12002:
11997:
11992:
11982:
11981:
11980:
11975:
11965:
11964:
11963:
11953:
11952:
11951:
11949:South Caucasus
11941:
11931:
11930:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11909:
11908:
11907:
11902:
11892:
11887:
11886:
11885:
11880:
11870:
11869:
11868:
11867:
11866:
11851:
11850:
11849:
11844:
11843:
11842:
11827:
11826:
11825:
11820:
11818:Aralkum Desert
11815:
11805:
11799:
11797:
11791:
11790:
11788:
11787:
11786:
11785:
11775:
11770:
11769:
11768:
11757:
11755:
11749:
11748:
11746:
11745:
11744:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11732:
11731:
11726:
11716:
11706:
11705:
11704:
11703:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11672:
11666:
11664:
11655:
11649:
11648:
11646:
11645:
11644:
11643:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11617:
11616:
11609:Africa-Eurasia
11605:
11603:
11597:
11596:
11594:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11562:
11560:
11554:
11553:
11551:
11550:
11549:
11548:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11502:
11500:
11494:
11493:
11478:
11477:
11470:
11463:
11455:
11446:
11445:
11435:
11432:
11431:
11429:
11428:
11423:
11418:
11417:
11416:
11411:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11385:
11383:
11377:
11376:
11374:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11357:
11356:
11351:
11349:Mufu Mountains
11346:
11336:
11335:
11334:
11329:
11319:
11317:Daba Mountains
11314:
11306:
11304:
11298:
11297:
11295:
11294:
11292:Wuyi Mountains
11289:
11283:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11260:
11255:
11254:
11253:
11251:Lang Mountains
11242:
11240:
11230:
11229:
11227:
11226:
11225:
11224:
11222:Qian Mountains
11219:
11209:
11207:Lesser Khingan
11204:
11198:
11196:
11190:
11189:
11187:
11186:
11185:
11184:
11179:
11174:
11169:
11164:
11159:
11147:
11142:
11135:
11134:
11133:
11128:
11121:
11109:
11108:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11085:
11080:
11072:
11070:
11059:
11058:
11056:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11044:
11043:
11038:
11026:
11025:
11024:
11019:
11007:
11002:
10994:
10992:
10986:
10985:
10980:
10977:
10976:
10969:
10968:
10961:
10954:
10946:
10937:
10936:
10934:
10933:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10852:
10850:
10842:
10841:
10838:
10837:
10835:
10834:
10829:
10824:
10819:
10814:
10809:
10804:
10798:
10796:
10790:
10789:
10787:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10755:
10753:
10744:
10738:
10737:
10735:
10734:
10733:
10732:
10727:
10717:
10716:
10715:
10710:
10700:
10695:
10694:
10693:
10683:
10678:
10677:
10676:
10671:
10666:
10661:
10652:
10650:
10642:
10641:
10639:
10638:
10636:Sports College
10633:
10628:
10623:
10622:
10621:
10611:
10610:
10609:
10604:
10593:
10591:
10587:
10586:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10548:
10546:
10538:
10537:
10535:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10513:
10512:
10502:
10501:
10500:
10490:
10489:
10488:
10478:
10472:
10470:
10462:
10461:
10459:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10437:
10436:
10429:Ramsar Wetland
10426:
10425:
10424:
10413:
10411:
10404:
10398:
10397:
10395:
10394:
10393:
10392:
10387:
10377:
10376:
10375:
10365:
10364:
10363:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10332:
10330:
10326:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10319:
10318:
10313:
10307:
10305:
10301:
10300:
10298:
10297:
10296:
10295:
10285:
10280:
10274:
10272:
10265:
10261:Administrative
10257:
10256:
10253:
10252:
10249:
10248:
10245:
10244:
10242:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10226:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10205:
10203:
10197:
10196:
10194:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10162:
10160:
10151:
10147:
10146:
10144:
10143:
10138:
10132:
10130:
10123:
10119:
10118:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10111:
10106:
10100:
10098:
10088:
10087:
10085:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10058:
10056:
10054:Tibeto-Burmans
10050:
10049:
10047:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10020:
10018:
10009:
9998:
9994:
9993:
9990:
9989:
9986:
9985:
9983:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9961:
9959:
9955:
9954:
9952:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9935:
9933:
9926:
9922:
9921:
9918:
9917:
9915:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9893:
9891:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9869:Mountain peaks
9866:
9861:
9856:
9850:
9848:
9841:
9832:
9822:
9821:
9818:
9817:
9815:
9814:
9809:
9803:
9801:
9795:
9794:
9791:
9790:
9788:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9771:
9769:
9761:
9760:
9758:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9741:
9739:
9728:
9722:
9721:
9719:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9707:
9706:
9699:Gorkha Kingdom
9696:
9691:
9686:
9685:
9684:
9679:
9672:Kumaon Kingdom
9669:
9668:
9667:
9665:Panwar dynasty
9656:
9654:
9648:
9647:
9645:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9617:Kirata kingdom
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9588:
9586:
9577:
9571:
9570:
9567:
9566:
9564:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9532:
9530:
9526:
9525:
9523:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9499:
9497:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9489:
9488:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9467:
9466:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9419:
9418:
9408:
9406:Chief Minister
9403:
9397:
9395:
9391:
9390:
9388:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9366:
9364:
9355:
9349:
9348:
9327:State capitals
9325:
9322:
9321:
9310:
9309:
9302:
9295:
9287:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9251:
9246:
9240:
9238:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9199:
9197:
9193:
9192:
9190:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9158:
9156:
9152:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9123:
9121:
9111:
9110:
9108:
9107:
9102:
9096:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9085:
9084:
9082:Tingri County
9079:
9073:
9071:
9059:
9052:
9051:
9049:
9048:
9043:
9037:
9035:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8981:
8979:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8945:
8943:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8843:
8841:
8837:
8836:
8826:
8825:
8818:
8811:
8803:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8778:
8777:
8770:
8763:
8755:
8754:
8751:
8750:
8747:
8746:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8739:
8734:
8733:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8691:
8689:
8685:
8684:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8641:
8639:
8632:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8619:Chasok Tangnam
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8574:Buddha Jayanti
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8554:Dipankha Yatra
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8530:
8528:
8519:
8518:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8486:
8481:
8480:
8479:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8408:
8402:
8396:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8329:
8323:
8317:
8316:
8313:
8312:
8309:
8308:
8306:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8246:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8234:
8229:
8227:Municipalities
8224:
8219:
8213:
8211:
8202:
8201:
8200:
8199:
8189:
8184:
8183:
8182:
8173:Prime Minister
8170:
8169:
8168:
8166:Vice President
8158:
8156:Heads of state
8153:
8152:
8151:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8096:
8090:
8084:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8055:Climate change
8051:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8034:
8026:
8018:
8010:
8004:
8002:
7996:
7995:
7993:
7992:
7984:
7979:
7978:
7977:
7967:
7962:
7956:
7954:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7908:
7906:
7893:
7887:
7886:
7883:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7853:
7848:
7846:Royal massacre
7843:
7841:Jana Andolan I
7837:
7835:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7811:
7809:
7805:Post-Rana and
7802:
7801:
7799:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7773:
7768:
7762:
7760:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7728:Sino-Nepal War
7725:
7724:
7723:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7696:Gorkha Kingdom
7692:
7690:
7681:
7680:
7675:
7673:Chaubisi Rajya
7670:
7665:
7660:
7654:
7652:
7644:
7643:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7615:
7613:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7597:
7595:
7593:Kirata kingdom
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7580:
7578:Gautama Buddha
7574:
7572:
7563:
7562:
7556:
7554:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7529:
7528:
7521:
7514:
7506:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7481:
7469:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7383:
7374:
7361:
7359:Phytogeography
7352:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7331:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7308:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7263:Eurasian Plate
7260:
7255:
7249:
7247:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7225:May 2015 Nepal
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7116:
7114:
7110:
7109:
7099:
7098:
7091:
7084:
7076:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7013:
7011:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6933:
6931:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6911:
6900:
6898:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6791:Mysore Plateau
6788:
6786:Ladakh Plateau
6783:
6778:
6776:Deccan Plateau
6772:
6770:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6720:Cardamom Hills
6717:
6712:
6707:
6705:Himachal Range
6702:
6700:Shivalik Hills
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6675:Aravalli Range
6672:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6640:
6632:
6631:
6624:
6617:
6609:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6590:
6589:
6583:
6577:
6572:
6560:
6552:
6551:External links
6549:
6548:
6547:
6540:
6530:
6519:
6501:
6492:
6477:
6462:
6444:
6426:
6419:
6397:
6382:
6368:
6353:
6346:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6291:(5): 757–772,
6279:
6266:
6245:
6240:
6227:
6199:
6186:, New Series,
6179:
6174:
6161:
6156:
6135:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6070:
6065:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6039:
6018:
6004:
5983:
5977:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5944:
5931:
5918:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5872:
5833:
5815:
5808:
5790:
5770:
5744:
5682:
5675:
5653:
5646:
5623:
5612:on 7 July 2012
5591:
5584:
5564:
5546:
5485:
5448:(3): 534–545.
5419:
5376:
5333:
5322:Berstrand, s.
5307:
5247:
5216:
5180:
5145:
5128:
5113:
5055:(2): 815–836.
5034:
5027:
5007:
4971:(2): 169–173.
4948:
4937:"Extremophile"
4927:
4912:
4882:
4867:
4836:
4808:
4793:
4758:
4742:
4711:
4685:
4650:(3): 563–576.
4630:
4624:
4606:
4581:
4556:
4515:
4474:
4435:
4412:
4385:(2): 375–388.
4364:
4337:
4326:
4312:
4299:(e00715): 19.
4274:
4267:
4259:10.17226/13449
4240:
4214:
4159:
4107:
4081:
4016:
4009:
3991:
3962:
3936:
3925:(2): 237–244.
3894:
3868:
3819:
3793:
3768:
3740:
3713:(4): 393–421.
3695:
3683:
3654:
3628:
3606:
3564:(4): 297–310.
3558:The Island Arc
3544:
3530:
3483:
3454:
3439:
3422:
3404:
3384:
3376:
3349:
3324:
3299:
3274:
3249:
3224:
3207:
3188:
3181:
3161:
3135:
3079:
3073:
3055:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3024:
2987:
2983:Kashmir region
2973:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2863:
2860:
2678:Kashmir Valley
2672:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2650:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2586:Policy changes
2584:
2566:
2563:
2549:
2548:Health impacts
2546:
2540:
2537:
2476:sclerophyllous
2472:
2464:
2426:climate change
2383:Himalayan tahr
2351:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:Himalayan tahr
2334:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:Main article:
2315:
2312:
2258:, and western
2241:growing season
2223:
2215:
2213:
2212:Climate change
2210:
2142:Pokhara Valley
2139:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2046:
2043:
2002:
1999:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1839:
1836:
1824:Khumbu Glacier
1725:
1722:
1681:
1680:
1641:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1558:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1476:oceanic trench
1464:thrust faulted
1417:Eurasian Plate
1411:) between the
1366:Main article:
1363:
1360:
1344:Margalla Hills
1312:Kashmir Valley
1209:Kailash Ranges
1199:. Just across
1197:Gurla Mandhata
961:
958:
952:'s poetry and
921:: पर्वतेश्वर,
734:(both written
671:
668:
652:Eurasian Plate
594:drainage basin
491:mountain range
390:
389:
387:
386:
381:
375:
373:
367:
366:
357:
351:
350:
348:Alpine orogeny
345:
339:
338:
334:
333:
328:
322:
321:
319:
318:
305:
292:
279:
266:
253:
239:
237:
231:
230:
206:
200:
197:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
179:
178:
171:27.983; 86.917
146:
140:
139:
136:
130:
129:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
61:) showing the
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13073:
13062:
13059:
13057:
13054:
13052:
13049:
13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13037:
13034:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13022:
13019:
13018:
13016:
12995:
12991:
12987:
12979:
12978:
12975:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12936:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12925:
12923:
12921:
12917:
12911:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12902:
12900:
12898:
12894:
12888:
12885:
12883:
12880:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12869:
12867:
12865:
12861:
12855:
12852:
12850:
12847:
12843:
12840:
12839:
12838:
12835:
12834:
12832:
12830:
12825:
12819:
12816:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12802:
12799:
12798:
12797:
12796:Pacific Ocean
12794:
12792:
12789:
12787:
12784:
12782:
12779:
12775:
12772:
12771:
12770:
12767:
12766:
12764:
12762:
12758:
12748:
12745:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12732:
12731:
12730:Pacific Ocean
12728:
12724:
12721:
12720:
12719:
12716:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12696:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12684:Caribbean Sea
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12671:
12670:
12667:
12665:
12662:
12661:
12659:
12657:
12652:
12644:
12641:
12639:
12636:
12635:
12634:
12631:
12627:
12626:by population
12624:
12622:
12619:
12618:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12600:
12599:South America
12597:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12584:
12583:
12582:North America
12580:
12579:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12569:
12567:
12565:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12551:
12539:
12536:
12535:
12534:
12533:Southern Cone
12531:
12529:
12526:
12524:
12521:
12519:
12516:
12514:
12511:
12509:
12508:Andean States
12506:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12493:
12492:
12489:
12488:
12486:
12484:
12483:South America
12480:
12474:
12471:
12469:
12466:
12464:
12461:
12459:
12456:
12452:
12449:
12448:
12447:
12444:
12440:
12437:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12419:
12418:
12415:
12414:
12413:
12410:
12409:
12407:
12405:
12401:
12395:
12392:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12377:
12376:
12373:
12372:
12371:
12368:
12366:
12363:
12361:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12351:
12348:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12245:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12215:
12213:
12211:
12210:North America
12207:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12183:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12173:Low Countries
12171:
12169:
12166:
12165:
12164:
12161:
12155:
12152:
12151:
12150:
12149:South-western
12147:
12143:
12140:
12139:
12138:
12137:South-eastern
12135:
12131:
12128:
12127:
12126:
12125:South-central
12123:
12121:
12118:
12116:
12115:Mediterranean
12113:
12112:
12111:
12108:
12102:
12099:
12098:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12081:British Isles
12079:
12077:
12074:
12073:
12072:
12069:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12039:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12029:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12019:
12017:
12015:
12011:
12001:
11998:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11987:
11986:
11983:
11979:
11978:Levantine Sea
11976:
11974:
11971:
11970:
11969:
11966:
11962:
11959:
11958:
11957:
11954:
11950:
11947:
11946:
11945:
11942:
11940:
11937:
11936:
11935:
11932:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11914:
11913:
11910:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11897:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11875:
11874:
11871:
11865:
11862:
11861:
11860:
11857:
11856:
11855:
11852:
11848:
11845:
11841:
11838:
11837:
11836:
11833:
11832:
11831:
11828:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11810:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11800:
11798:
11796:
11792:
11784:
11781:
11780:
11779:
11776:
11774:
11771:
11767:
11764:
11763:
11762:
11759:
11758:
11756:
11754:
11750:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11721:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11711:
11710:
11707:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11682:
11681:
11678:
11677:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11670:Mediterranean
11668:
11667:
11665:
11663:
11659:
11656:
11654:
11650:
11642:
11639:
11638:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11615:
11612:
11611:
11610:
11607:
11606:
11604:
11602:
11598:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11563:
11561:
11559:
11555:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11528:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11503:
11501:
11499:
11495:
11491:
11487:
11483:
11476:
11471:
11469:
11464:
11462:
11457:
11456:
11453:
11443:
11433:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11419:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11406:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11389:Cang Mountain
11387:
11386:
11384:
11382:
11378:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11341:
11340:
11337:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11324:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11312:
11308:
11307:
11305:
11303:
11299:
11293:
11290:
11288:
11285:
11284:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11265:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11252:
11249:
11248:
11247:
11246:Yin Mountains
11244:
11243:
11241:
11239:
11235:
11231:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11214:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11199:
11197:
11195:
11191:
11183:
11182:Min Mountains
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11154:
11153:
11152:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11140:
11136:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11126:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11116:
11115:
11114:
11110:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11095:
11091:
11090:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11083:Transhimalaya
11081:
11079:
11078:
11074:
11073:
11071:
11069:
11064:
11063:Qinghai-Tibet
11060:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11033:
11032:
11031:
11027:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11014:
11013:
11012:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11001:
11000:
10996:
10995:
10993:
10991:
10987:
10983:
10978:
10974:
10967:
10962:
10960:
10955:
10953:
10948:
10947:
10944:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10877:
10874:
10872:
10869:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10853:
10851:
10849:
10843:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10827:Tehri Garhwal
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10817:Pauri Garhwal
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10799:
10797:
10795:
10791:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10756:
10754:
10752:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10739:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10722:
10721:
10718:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10705:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10692:
10689:
10688:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10656:
10654:
10653:
10651:
10649:
10643:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10620:
10617:
10616:
10615:
10612:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10599:
10598:
10595:
10594:
10592:
10588:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10545:
10539:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10511:
10508:
10507:
10506:
10503:
10499:
10496:
10495:
10494:
10491:
10487:
10484:
10483:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10473:
10471:
10469:
10463:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10435:
10432:
10431:
10430:
10427:
10423:
10420:
10419:
10418:
10415:
10414:
10412:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10399:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10382:
10381:
10378:
10374:
10371:
10370:
10369:
10366:
10362:
10359:
10358:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10333:
10331:
10327:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10308:
10306:
10302:
10294:
10291:
10290:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10275:
10273:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10258:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10206:
10204:
10202:
10201:Tibeto-Burman
10198:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10163:
10161:
10159:
10155:
10152:
10148:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10133:
10131:
10127:
10124:
10120:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10097:
10089:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10051:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10021:
10019:
10017:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10002:
9999:
9995:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9962:
9960:
9956:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9936:
9934:
9930:
9927:
9923:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9894:
9892:
9890:
9886:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9864:Sivalik Hills
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9851:
9849:
9845:
9842:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9823:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9804:
9802:
9796:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9772:
9770:
9768:
9762:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9738:
9732:
9729:
9723:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9705:
9702:
9701:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9694:Raika Kingdom
9692:
9690:
9689:Khasa Kingdom
9687:
9683:
9682:Chand dynasty
9680:
9678:
9675:
9674:
9673:
9670:
9666:
9663:
9662:
9661:
9658:
9657:
9655:
9649:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9632:Kushan Empire
9630:
9628:
9627:Maurya Empire
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9589:
9587:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9572:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9541:Chief Justice
9539:
9537:
9534:
9533:
9531:
9527:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9509:
9506:
9505:
9504:
9501:
9500:
9498:
9494:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9472:
9471:
9468:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9440:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9398:
9396:
9392:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9363:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9350:
9346:
9345:
9340:
9339:
9334:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9319:
9315:
9308:
9303:
9301:
9296:
9294:
9289:
9288:
9285:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9259:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9194:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9153:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9132:Kosi division
9130:
9128:
9125:
9124:
9122:
9120:
9116:
9112:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9093:
9089:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9077:Nyalam County
9075:
9074:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9063:
9060:
9057:
9053:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9038:
9036:
9032:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9005:Namche Bazaar
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8982:
8980:
8976:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8964:Sivalik Hills
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8940:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8923:Koshi Barrage
8921:
8920:
8918:
8914:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8844:
8842:
8838:
8834:
8831:
8824:
8819:
8817:
8812:
8810:
8805:
8804:
8801:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8775:
8771:
8768:
8764:
8761:
8757:
8756:
8752:
8738:
8735:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8717:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8692:
8690:
8686:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8636:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8594:Gyalpo Lhosar
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8531:
8529:
8527:
8523:
8517:
8514:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8491:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8478:
8477:Ethnic groups
8475:
8474:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8462:Nepal Academy
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8417:
8413:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8397:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8330:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8318:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8243:
8239:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8210:
8206:
8198:
8197:Chief Justice
8195:
8194:
8193:
8192:Supreme Court
8190:
8188:
8185:
8181:
8176:
8175:
8174:
8171:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8150:
8147:
8146:
8145:
8142:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8133:
8130:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8085:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8060:Deforestation
8058:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8050:
8048:
8044:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8027:
8025:
8019:
8017:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8005:
8003:
8001:
7997:
7991:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7917:Mount Everest
7915:
7914:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7888:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7832:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7808:
7803:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7781:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7759:
7755:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7733:Bhimsen Thapa
7731:
7729:
7726:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7689:
7685:
7679:
7678:Newa kingdoms
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7663:Khasa kingdom
7661:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7645:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7608:
7602:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7590:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7567:
7561:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7534:
7527:
7522:
7520:
7515:
7513:
7508:
7507:
7504:
7492:
7491:
7482:
7480:
7479:
7474:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7458:
7457:
7454:
7449:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7414:Geostatistics
7412:
7410:
7409:Geomorphology
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7336:
7329:
7324:
7322:
7317:
7315:
7310:
7309:
7306:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7246:
7242:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7111:
7107:
7104:
7097:
7092:
7090:
7085:
7083:
7078:
7077:
7074:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7010:
7005:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6928:
6922:
6919:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6904:Coastal India
6902:
6901:
6899:
6895:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6878:Rann of Kutch
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6803:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6767:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6690:Satpura Range
6688:
6686:
6685:Vindhya Range
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6670:Eastern Ghats
6668:
6666:
6665:Western Ghats
6663:
6658:
6657:Mount Everest
6654:
6653:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6635:Geography of
6630:
6625:
6623:
6618:
6616:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6533:Tilman, H. W.
6531:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6516:81-901326-0-1
6513:
6509:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6490:
6489:0-19-561254-X
6486:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6474:0-415-01157-4
6471:
6467:
6463:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6442:
6441:0-89886-361-9
6438:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6420:
6417:
6416:0-8160-1994-0
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6394:0-520-06941-2
6391:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6379:0-7888-1493-1
6376:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6351:
6347:
6344:
6343:81-7824-052-1
6340:
6336:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6246:
6243:
6241:9780367466275
6237:
6233:
6228:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6210:(1): 95–119,
6209:
6205:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6180:
6177:
6171:
6167:
6162:
6159:
6157:9780367877989
6153:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6136:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6105:
6086:
6080:
6076:
6071:
6068:
6062:
6058:
6053:
6052:
6042:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5984:
5980:
5974:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5945:9780813123882
5941:
5937:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5887:
5883:
5876:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5837:
5829:
5825:
5819:
5811:
5805:
5801:
5794:
5786:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5759:
5755:
5748:
5740:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5678:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5657:
5649:
5643:
5639:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5595:
5587:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5568:
5557:
5550:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5481:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5415:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5329:
5325:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5252:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5176:
5163:
5152:
5150:
5141:
5140:
5136:Maple Croft.
5132:
5124:
5117:
5109:
5096:
5088:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5030:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5011:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4931:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4840:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4812:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4718:
4716:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4625:9780813173849
4621:
4617:
4610:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4551:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4519:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4433:, p. 50.
4432:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4352:
4348:
4345:Drews, Carl.
4341:
4335:
4330:
4322:
4316:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4270:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4111:
4096:. 4 June 2007
4095:
4091:
4085:
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3881:Nature on PBS
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3690:glacier maps
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3373:
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3368:Penguin Books
3365:
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3204:(2): 189–220.
3203:
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3144:Bishop, Barry
3139:
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3013:
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2962:Trekking peak
2960:
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2898:
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2895:pteridophytes
2892:
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2870:Abies pindrow
2859:
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2797:Padmasambhava
2794:
2793:Paro Taktsang
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
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2758:
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2742:Pashupatinath
2739:
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2699:Rishabhanatha
2696:
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2679:
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2669:
2658:
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2647:
2633:
2629:
2623:
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2609:
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2592:
2583:
2576:
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2562:
2554:
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2532:invertebrates
2529:
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2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
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2497:
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2485:
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2285:
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2264:glacial lakes
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:precipitation
2244:
2242:
2237:
2227:
2220:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:Upper Mustang
2163:
2158:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2125:
2121:
2120:Upper Mustang
2117:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2039:
2036:A caravan of
2034:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2001:Precipitation
1998:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1969:Gandaki River
1966:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:Bay of Bengal
1952:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
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1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1776:region), and
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:Mount Everest
1763:
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1755:
1751:
1747:
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1721:
1719:
1714:
1710:
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1673:Bay of Bengal
1670:
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1615:
1610:
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1600:
1598:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1566:
1565:Zanskar River
1562:
1555:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:Kangchenjunga
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
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1492:
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1477:
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1469:
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1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1433:Bay of Bengal
1430:
1426:
1423:highlands in
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1359:
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1349:
1345:
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1340:Kaghan Valley
1337:
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1329:
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1321:
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1305:
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1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:Mount Kailash
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:Karnali River
1186:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:Kangchenjunga
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:Sivalik Hills
1025:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1002:
995:
990:
983:
978:
973:
972:Himalayan Rim
969:
964:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
920:
916:
915:Parvateshwara
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
847:
842:
836:
831:
825:
821:
817:
807:
803:
791:
781:
776:
771:
765:གངས་ཅན་ལྗོངས་
755:
751:
747:
743:
733:
729:
724:
718:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
677:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
635:
634:Transhimalaya
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:Kangchenjunga
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:six countries
522:
520:
516:
512:
511:Mount Everest
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:
470:
401:
397:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
374:
372:
368:
365:
361:
358:
356:
352:
349:
346:
344:
340:
335:
332:
329:
327:
323:
317:
306:
304:
293:
291:
280:
278:
267:
265:
254:
252:
241:
240:
238:
236:
232:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
198:
193:
189:
185:
180:
175:
147:
145:
141:
137:
135:
131:
128:
117:
105:
104:Mount Everest
102:
98:
93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
42:The Himalayas
40:
37:
33:
19:
12992: /
12990:List of seas
12988: /
12953:Global South
12938:Global North
12872:Atlantic Rim
12811:Ring of Fire
12791:Indian Ocean
12781:Arctic Ocean
12723:Persian Gulf
12718:Indian Ocean
12699:Adriatic Sea
12664:Arctic Ocean
12496:Amazon Basin
12491:Amazon Plain
12463:Near Oceania
12268:Mid-Atlantic
12218:Aridoamerica
12178:Northwestern
12091:Northwestern
12064:Southeastern
11956:Greater Iran
11895:Southeastern
11890:Pacific Asia
11859:Pacific Asia
11847:Northeastern
11803:Asia–Pacific
11546:Fourth World
11536:Second World
11309:
11262:
11149:
11137:
11123:
11111:
11092:
11076:
11075:
11068:Southwestern
11028:
11009:
10997:
10990:Northwestern
10527:Panch Prayag
10434:Asan Barrage
9997:Demographics
9912:Ganges Basin
9798:Contemporary
9704:Shah dynasty
9642:Gupta Empire
9622:Nanda Empire
9342:
9336:
9330:
9237:Other basins
8969:Chatra Gorge
8953:
8847:Arun/Bum-chu
8774:Bibliography
8715:Human rights
8638:Celebrations
8604:Sonam Lhosar
8564:Yomari Punhi
8509:Christianity
8422:Demographics
8343:Child labour
8100:Constitution
7922:Kanchenjunga
7911:
7766:Kot massacre
7488:
7476:
7464:
7386:Soil science
7381:Oceanography
7355:Biogeography
7268:Oldham Fault
7258:Indian Plate
7205:2008 Damxung
7200:2005 Kashmir
7195:1999 Chamoli
7145:1885 Kashmir
7135:1803 Garhwal
7125:1555 Kashmir
7057:Southeastern
7052:Southwestern
7032:Northeastern
7022:Northwestern
6853:Ganges Delta
6848:Ganges Basin
6838:Indus Valley
6781:Chota Nagpur
6760:Lushai Hills
6650:
6543:
6536:
6526:
6507:
6495:
6480:
6465:
6450:
6432:
6422:
6407:
6385:
6370:
6356:
6349:
6334:
6331:Aitken, Bill
6288:
6284:
6249:
6231:
6207:
6203:
6187:
6183:
6165:
6139:
6113:
6109:
6074:
6056:
6022:
5987:
5968:
5935:
5909:
5885:
5881:
5875:
5850:
5846:
5836:
5827:
5818:
5799:
5793:
5784:
5761:. Retrieved
5757:
5747:
5710:
5706:
5664:
5656:
5637:
5614:. Retrieved
5610:the original
5603:
5594:
5574:
5567:
5549:
5516:
5512:
5445:
5441:
5413:
5357:(1): 63–68.
5354:
5350:
5328:www.eesi.org
5327:
5267:
5263:
5233:
5230:Anthrovision
5229:
5219:
5202:
5198:
5138:
5131:
5122:
5116:
5095:cite journal
5052:
5048:
5017:
5010:
4999:the original
4968:
4964:
4951:
4940:
4930:
4895:
4885:
4850:
4839:
4827:. Retrieved
4821:
4811:
4776:
4724:
4702:. Retrieved
4698:
4688:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4615:
4609:
4597:. Retrieved
4593:
4584:
4572:. Retrieved
4568:
4559:
4532:
4528:
4518:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4382:
4378:
4355:. Retrieved
4351:the original
4340:
4329:
4315:
4296:
4292:
4249:
4243:
4231:. Retrieved
4227:the original
4217:
4179:(1): 64–76.
4176:
4172:
4162:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4098:. Retrieved
4093:
4084:
4036:(1): 24284.
4033:
4029:
4019:
4000:
3994:
3983:the original
3978:
3965:
3953:. Retrieved
3951:. IPPC. 2007
3948:
3939:
3922:
3918:
3885:. Retrieved
3880:
3871:
3859:. Retrieved
3839:
3835:
3822:
3810:. Retrieved
3806:the original
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3780:
3771:
3754:
3750:
3743:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:downloadable
3686:
3669:
3645:. Retrieved
3640:
3631:
3621:13 September
3619:. Retrieved
3609:
3597:. Retrieved
3561:
3557:
3547:
3533:
3500:
3496:
3486:
3474:. Retrieved
3472:. 5 May 1999
3442:
3432:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3362:
3358:Roshen Dalal
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3336:
3327:
3315:. Retrieved
3311:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3286:
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3261:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3236:
3227:
3217:
3210:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3171:
3164:
3152:. Retrieved
3138:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3103:. Retrieved
3093:
3082:
3064:
3058:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3015:
3007:
2990:
2977:
2899:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2810:A number of
2809:
2768:
2754:
2725:
2719:
2708:
2702:
2692:
2686:
2630:
2626:
2589:
2580:
2559:
2542:
2508:biodiversity
2460:Snow leopard
2446:
2440:
2437:rhododendron
2429:
2423:
2371:snow leopard
2368:
2364:extremophile
2360:
2288:
2280:
2268:
2245:
2235:
2232:
2183:
2153:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2071:
2065:
2048:
2014:Indian Ocean
2007:
2004:
1995:
1974:
1959:Namcha Barwa
1948:
1934:
1927:
1908:
1904:Lake Tsongmo
1898:district of
1888:North Sikkim
1868:Tilicho Lake
1865:
1858:
1828:
1786:
1735:
1717:
1713:Yellow River
1682:
1644:
1604:
1594:
1530:Nanga Parbat
1515:
1499:
1485:with fossil
1462:, they were
1452:Tethys Ocean
1444:Indian Plate
1437:
1382:
1328:Nanga Parbat
1308:Jammu region
1296:Sutlej river
1269:
1182:
1174:Kangri Garpo
1166:Namche Barwa
1131:
1079:Shishapangma
1048:
1021:
1017:Annapurna II
1015:valley with
963:
945:
942:the Himalaya
941:
939:
914:
908:king of snow
890:
882:
878:
860:
849:
819:
805:
789:
782:(written as
753:
745:
719:
673:
660:Namcha Barwa
656:Nanga Parbat
638:
622:Machapuchare
523:
513:. More than
399:
395:
393:
371:Type of rock
36:
12968:Global West
12928:Global East
12887:Pacific Rim
12829:waterbodies
12818:World Ocean
12643:New Zealand
12523:The Guianas
12412:Australasia
12355:West Indies
12283:New England
12263:Great Lakes
12233:Mesoamerica
12120:Middle East
12096:Scandinavia
11985:Middle East
11823:Caspian Sea
11729:Great Lakes
11709:Sub-Saharan
11695:Middle East
11558:Hemispheres
11541:Third World
11531:First World
11484:'s primary
11131:Amne Machin
10901:Pithoragarh
10822:Rudraprayag
10779:Pithoragarh
10562:Jim Corbett
10522:Panch Kedar
10517:Sapta Badri
10016:Indo-Aryans
9800:Uttarakhand
9727:Uttarakhand
9551:Bar Council
9496:Legislature
9438:Departments
9338:Bhararisain
9318:Uttarakhand
8700:Witch-hunts
8655:Bratabandha
8599:Tamu Lhosar
8333:Agriculture
8047:Environment
7776:Tibetan War
7706:Unification
7668:Baise Rajya
7364:Climatology
7350:Meteorology
7215:2011 Sikkim
7210:2009 Bhutan
7155:1905 Kangra
7130:1714 Bhutan
7106:earthquakes
6998:Afghanistan
6942:Lakshadweep
6812:Thar Desert
6710:Khasi Hills
5853:: 190–201.
4535:(22). AGU.
4494:(22). AGU.
4357:14 November
3503:: 113–132.
3089:"Himalayan"
3002:; from
2891:angiosperms
2887:gymnosperms
2840:monasteries
2769:mahasiddhas
2763:started in
2726:Sinhnishdha
2720:tirthankara
2713:, his son,
2701:, attained
2694:tirthankara
2655:Monastery,
2608:Uttarakhand
2435:especially
2366:organisms.
2162:rain shadow
2116:cold desert
2023:thermal low
1991:heat budget
1987:heat island
1945:Temperature
1892:Gokyo Lakes
1861:Pangong Tso
1758:Uttarakhand
1697:Andaman Sea
1653:Brahmaputra
1614:Arabian Sea
1605:Indus Basin
1561:Indus River
1511:seismically
1438:During the
1421:Arakan Yoma
1385:sedimentary
1280:British Raj
1241:Chaar Dhaam
1221:Uttarakhand
1193:Sarda River
956:'s essays.
881:or Himavan
867:Mahabharata
748:(हिमाल) in
590:Brahmaputra
550:Afghanistan
384:sedimentary
379:Metamorphic
355:Age of rock
316:Afghanistan
219:(8,848 m),
215:(8,462 m),
169: /
144:Coordinates
87:Brahmaputra
13015:Categories
12709:Ionian Sea
12704:Aegean Sea
12674:Baltic Sea
12606:Antarctica
12458:Micronesia
12427:New Guinea
12385:Portuguese
12308:West Coast
12258:East Coast
12253:Bible Belt
12248:Appalachia
11927:Subregions
11835:Inner Asia
11753:Antarctica
11653:Continents
11626:Antarctica
11601:Landmasses
11511:Down Under
11506:Arab World
11490:subregions
11105:Yengisogat
11036:Altyn-Tagh
10832:Uttarkashi
10655:Transport
10567:Nanda Devi
10219:Chaudangsi
10158:Indo-Aryan
9925:Ecoregions
9838:Geological
9556:Lok Adalat
9536:High Court
9353:Government
9335:(winter);
8872:Imja Khola
8862:Dudh Koshi
8857:Bhotekoshi
8437:Literature
8360:(currency)
8285:Kathmandu
8255:Biratnagar
8132:Parliament
8037:West Rapti
8015:(Ghaghara)
7932:Dhaulagiri
7711:Kalu Pande
7624:Amshuverma
7560:Bhadrabahu
7419:Glaciology
7399:Geobiology
7394:Edaphology
7235:2023 Nepal
7230:2021 Assam
7185:1988 Nepal
7175:1980 Nepal
7165:1947 Assam
7160:1934 Bihar
7150:1897 Assam
6988:Bangladesh
6956:By country
6914:West Coast
6909:East Coast
6873:Sundarbans
6750:Naga Hills
6740:Hindu Kush
6695:Garo Hills
6637:South Asia
6559:(archived)
6429:Hunt, John
5954:1102237054
5928:2018954855
5171:|url=
5104:|url=
5078:1885/66271
4829:20 October
4704:1 November
4334:Tsho Rolpa
4124:: 136455.
3955:22 January
3887:21 January
3861:4 November
3842:: 13,617.
3751:GeoJournal
3706:GeoJournal
3132:required.)
3030:References
2844:Dalai Lama
2836:Darjeeling
2826:, Sikkim,
2750:shaligrams
2512:amphibians
2442:box myrtle
2411:red pandas
2403:brown bear
2393:, and the
2307:hydropower
2303:irrigation
2284:permafrost
2254:, eastern
2202:Taklamakan
2174:Dhaulagiri
2118:region of
2091:Darjeeling
2066:Using the
1915:Tsho Rolpa
1896:Solukhumbu
1882:of Nepal,
1842:See also:
1797:New Guinea
1764:glaciers (
1738:Antarctica
1685:Gyala Peri
1677:Sunderbans
1669:Bangladesh
1655:, and the
1586:Solukhumbu
1582:Imja Khola
1505:along the
1487:trilobites
1480:Ordovician
1403:along the
1332:Hindu Kush
1284:Dharamsala
1233:Nanda Devi
1178:Gyala Peri
1127:Arun river
1051:Dhaulagiri
1013:Marsyangdi
982:Hindu Kush
966:See also:
897:: हिमराज,
818:, and the
650:under the
644:subduction
626:Nanda Devi
598:South Asia
584:, and the
566:Hindu Kush
360:Cretaceous
227:(8,516 m).
182:Dimensions
65:(in red);
59:Karakorams
55:Hindu Kush
13021:Himalayas
12905:Antarctic
12689:Irish Sea
12679:Black Sea
12638:Australia
12587:Caribbean
12564:continent
12538:Patagonia
12468:Polynesia
12446:Melanesia
12439:Zealandia
12417:Australia
12303:Southwest
12223:Caribbean
12000:Near East
11641:submerged
11636:Zealandia
11631:Australia
11521:Old World
11516:New World
11361:Huangshan
11275:Mount Tai
11194:Northeast
11100:Argu Tagh
11094:Karakoram
11077:Himalayas
11011:Tian Shan
10921:Mussoorie
10911:New Tehri
10891:Rishikesh
10769:Champawat
10764:Bageshwar
10742:Districts
10703:Education
10505:Kedarnath
10493:Badrinath
10481:Yamunotri
10410:Monuments
10356:Elections
10278:Districts
10263:divisions
10122:Languages
10082:Banrawats
10034:Jaunsaris
10024:Garhwalis
9932:Highlands
9847:Mountains
9826:Geography
9561:Lokayukta
9529:Judiciary
9394:Executive
9262:Baitarani
9196:Transport
9100:Kosi Zone
9015:Bhimnagar
9000:Bahrabise
8995:Dolalghat
8954:Himalayas
8892:Sangkhuwa
8877:Indravati
8526:Festivals
8432:Languages
8427:Education
8386:Workforce
8381:Transport
8366:Squatting
8348:Companies
8298:Nepalgunj
8287:(capital)
8250:Bharatpur
8222:Provinces
8217:Districts
8209:Divisions
8161:President
8149:Communism
8110:Elections
8031:(Gandaki)
8029:Narayani
7942:Annapurna
7912:Himalayas
7904:Mountains
7891:Geography
7856:Civil war
7807:Panchayat
7791:Tribhuvan
7758:Rana rule
7428:Limnology
7424:Hydrology
7103:Himalayan
6983:Sri Lanka
6735:Karakoram
6651:Himalayas
6644:Mountains
6313:153859477
6276:229256111
6014:245636487
5859:2249-1937
5541:219281555
5302:265597908
5087:129787080
4986:1956/2482
4922:133800578
4877:134814572
4803:134572569
4752:199491088
4680:134568990
4672:1672-6316
4407:211081106
4209:134015944
4201:1672-6316
4154:210933887
4058:2045-2322
3812:3 January
3735:129366521
3674:Amsterdam
3594:140603614
3586:1038-4871
3525:0012-8252
3476:3 January
3433:Himalayas
2995:Sanskrit:
2862:Resources
2757:Buddhists
2746:Muktinath
2636:Religions
2399:Himalayan
2353:Red panda
2252:Karakoram
2190:temperate
2170:Annapurna
1921:, in the
1872:Rara Lake
1855:in Sikkim
1801:Rwenzoris
1793:snow line
1772:glacier (
1768:region),
1754:Yamunotri
1544:Hydrology
1534:Karakoram
1503:thrusting
1495:ostracods
1483:limestone
1474:along an
1378:years ago
1265:Kedarnath
1261:Badrinath
1253:Yamunotri
1185:Rara Lake
1083:Kathmandu
1055:Annapurna
1044:Karakoram
994:Annapurna
759:ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་
562:Karakoram
519:sea level
515:100 peaks
501:from the
396:Himalayas
326:Continent
235:Countries
195:Geography
134:Elevation
73:; rivers
18:Himilayas
12432:Tasmania
12380:Hispanic
12243:Northern
12190:Germanic
12168:Atlantic
12110:Southern
12071:Northern
12037:Caucasus
11973:Dead Sea
11944:Caucasus
11912:Southern
11905:Maritime
11900:Mainland
11873:Northern
11854:Far East
11813:Aral Sea
11736:Southern
11680:Northern
10916:Nainital
10906:Srinagar
10896:Ramnagar
10881:Rudrapur
10876:Kashipur
10866:Haldwani
10861:Haridwar
10856:Dehradun
10812:Haridwar
10807:Dehradun
10774:Nainital
10659:Airports
10552:Gangotri
10542:National
10476:Gangotri
10466:Chardham
10329:Politics
10311:Parganas
10176:Jaunsari
10166:Garhwali
10141:Sanskrit
10129:Official
10062:Bhotiyas
10029:Kumaonis
9958:Lowlands
9840:features
9725:Colonial
9653:kingdoms
9651:Medieval
9585:kingdoms
9433:Agencies
9416:Cabinets
9401:Governor
9344:Nainital
9332:Dehradun
9258:Brahmani
9254:Mahanadi
9249:Godavari
9182:Maithili
9056:Riparian
9025:Khagaria
8783:Category
8720:Intersex
8695:Abortion
8675:Antyesti
8670:Shraddha
8569:Gadhimai
8499:Buddhism
8494:Hinduism
8489:Religion
8293:Lalitpur
8280:Janakpur
8120:Military
8088:Politics
8070:Wildlife
8013:Karnali
7721:Monarchs
7658:Arimalla
7647:Medieval
7629:Bhrikuti
7619:Manadeva
7601:Yalamber
7537:articles
7466:Category
7390:Pedology
7042:Southern
7037:Littoral
7027:Northern
6993:Maldives
6968:Pakistan
6821:Lowlands
6769:Plateaus
6680:Nilgiris
6566:Archived
6224:55042146
6132:56120507
5867:44137539
5828:BBC News
5739:23281594
5713:(1): 1.
5480:36480087
5294:38784635
5285:11114597
5162:cite web
4574:28 March
4233:17 April
4146:31986382
4100:13 March
4076:34931039
3931:24099804
3852:Archived
3786:28 March
3678:Elsevier
3647:28 March
3415:(1849),
3360:(2014).
3342:27 March
3317:27 March
3292:27 March
3267:27 March
3242:27 March
3113:Himālaya
3105:5 August
3004:Sanskrit
2940:Pakistan
2905:See also
2801:Buddhism
2795:, where
2789:Hinduism
2773:Buddhism
2761:Buddhism
2653:Taktsang
2573:View of
2530:and 61+
2516:reptiles
2504:junipers
2417:and the
1976:and the
1971:in Nepal
1805:Colombia
1774:Langtang
1770:Langtang
1750:Gangotri
1740:and the
1724:Glaciers
1538:ablation
1524:between
1522:glaciers
1491:crinoids
1446:and the
1427:and the
1415:and the
1316:Srinagar
1294:and the
1245:Gangotri
1217:Buddhism
1150:Nathu La
1091:Sun Kosi
948:, as in
946:Himmaleh
919:Sanskrit
895:Sanskrit
891:Himaraja
887:Sanskrit
877:: हिमवत्
875:Sanskrit
820:Ximalaya
790:Himāliya
775:Himālaya
754:Himalaya
742:Garhwali
723:Himālaya
680:Himālaya
676:Sanskrit
610:Buddhism
606:Hinduism
558:Pakistan
538:Pakistan
482:-ə, hih-
400:Himalaya
364:Cenozoic
303:Pakistan
12633:Oceania
12621:by area
12577:America
12554:Islands
12404:Oceania
12273:Midwest
12228:Central
12195:Romance
12163:Western
12032:Balkans
12027:Eastern
12022:Central
11990:Mashriq
11934:Western
11878:Siberia
11830:Eastern
11808:Central
11741:Western
11714:Central
11690:Mashriq
11685:Maghreb
11675:Saharan
11621:America
11614:Eurasia
11486:regions
11311:Qinling
11302:Central
11119:Hoh Xil
10886:Kotdwar
10871:Roorkee
10802:Chamoli
10794:Garhwal
10698:Economy
10686:Cuisine
10597:Cricket
10468:circuit
10451:Temples
10402:Tourism
10283:Tehsils
10224:Darmiya
10214:Byangsi
10181:Bangani
10171:Kumaoni
10067:Shaukas
9874:Bugyals
9830:ecology
9735:Company
9583:Ancient
9575:History
9515:Speaker
9508:History
9428:Gazette
9362:Symbols
9267:Narmada
9244:Damodar
9187:Bajjika
8760:Outline
8624:Chhechu
8589:Ubhauli
8584:Udhauli
8534:Dashain
8412:Cuisine
8400:Culture
8376:Tourism
8321:Economy
8303:Pokhara
8275:Itahari
8270:Hetauda
8260:Birgunj
7937:Manaslu
7634:Araniko
7553:Ancient
7545:History
7490:Commons
7404:Geology
7017:Central
6930:Islands
6805:Deserts
6371:Everest
6293:Bibcode
6097:Society
6092:Ecology
6049:Climate
5961:Geology
5902:General
5897:Sources
5730:3560114
5616:2 March
5521:Bibcode
5471:9735043
5450:Bibcode
5410:"Nepal"
5359:Bibcode
5106:value (
5057:Bibcode
4995:6061587
4652:Bibcode
4537:Bibcode
4496:Bibcode
4387:Bibcode
4181:Bibcode
4126:Bibcode
4094:Reuters
4067:8688493
4038:Bibcode
3844:Bibcode
3715:Bibcode
3641:Science
3599:9 March
3566:Bibcode
3505:Bibcode
3154:30 July
3119:snow +
2912:Eastern
2781:Sikhism
2777:Jainism
2734:Parvati
2730:Himavat
2715:Bharata
2710:nirvana
2689:Jainism
2674:Harmukh
2575:Kagbeni
2528:mammals
2480:Quercus
2314:Ecology
2295:monsoon
2236:extreme
2194:monsoon
2178:Pokhara
2061:monsoon
2052:monsoon
1940:Climate
1878:in the
1820:Icefall
1709:Yangtze
1701:Salween
1689:Tsangpo
1588:, Nepal
1518:ice age
1431:in the
1425:Myanmar
1401:orogeny
1362:Geology
1324:Nun Kun
1243:, with
1229:Garhwal
1213:Jainism
1207:in the
1111:Everest
1107:Cho Oyu
1075:Manaslu
1067:Kora La
926:
902:
883:Himavān
871:Himavat
863:Himavan
856:Chinese
816:Bengali
788:), the
780:Sinhala
770:Tibetan
750:Kumaoni
646:of the
642:by the
630:Kailash
586:Tsangpo
554:Kashmir
497:of the
489:) is a
343:Orogeny
337:Geology
221:Cho Oyu
217:Everest
157:86°55′E
154:27°59′N
12920:Global
12910:Arctic
12849:Rivers
12827:Other
12761:Oceans
12616:Europe
12572:Africa
12365:French
12238:Middle
12200:Slavic
12185:Celtic
12086:Nordic
12076:Baltic
12014:Europe
11968:Levant
11662:Africa
11498:Worlds
10926:Almora
10848:cities
10759:Almora
10751:Kumaon
10648:topics
10590:Sports
10572:Rajaji
10532:Gomukh
10209:Rongpo
10150:Spoken
10044:Tharus
10039:Buksas
10007:groups
10005:Ethnic
9897:Bhabar
9889:Plains
9546:Judges
9375:Emblem
9228:NH 107
9223:NH 106
9167:Nepali
9034:Floods
9020:Supaul
8990:Kodari
8840:Rivers
8788:Portal
8710:Health
8688:Issues
8645:Nwaran
8614:Chhath
8549:Swonti
8544:Mohani
8472:People
8358:Rupee
8338:Energy
8242:Cities
8023:(Kosi)
8021:Koshi
8000:Rivers
7927:Makalu
7651:modern
7535:
7478:Portal
7047:Island
7009:region
6978:Bhutan
6921:Makran
6897:Coasts
6888:Makran
6868:Konkan
6521:Swami
6514:
6487:
6472:
6457:
6439:
6414:
6392:
6377:
6363:
6341:
6311:
6274:
6264:
6238:
6222:
6172:
6154:
6130:
6081:
6063:
6037:
6012:
6002:
5975:
5952:
5942:
5926:
5916:
5865:
5857:
5806:
5763:9 June
5737:
5727:
5673:
5644:
5582:
5539:
5478:
5468:
5300:
5292:
5282:
5270:(29).
5102:Check
5085:
5025:
4993:
4920:
4910:
4875:
4865:
4801:
4791:
4750:
4740:
4678:
4670:
4622:
4599:18 May
4405:
4265:
4207:
4199:
4152:
4144:
4074:
4064:
4056:
4007:
3929:
3733:
3592:
3584:
3523:
3374:
3179:
3071:
3018:ā-laya
2944:Bhutan
2893:, and
2856:Ladakh
2854:, and
2852:Sikkim
2848:Bhutan
2834:, and
2824:Ladakh
2820:Bhutan
2805:Bhutan
2765:Bhutan
2704:moksha
2657:Bhutan
2622:Ladakh
2526:, two
2522:, two
2502:, and
2488:Cedrus
2389:, the
2385:, the
2375:bharal
2260:Kunlun
2157:tundra
1982:matter
1913:. The
1902:, and
1803:, and
1799:, the
1782:Sikkim
1762:Khumbu
1760:) and
1742:Arctic
1711:, and
1705:Mekong
1699:. The
1657:Yamuna
1651:, the
1649:Ganges
1638:Punjab
1634:Sutlej
1632:, and
1622:Chenab
1618:Jhelum
1607:. The
1493:, and
1472:mantle
1468:folded
1419:. The
1356:Punjab
1348:Galyat
1346:, and
1320:Ladakh
1282:, and
1276:Shimla
1257:Yamuna
1249:Ganges
1225:Kumaon
1154:Bhutan
1142:Sikkim
1123:Khumbu
1121:. The
1119:Makalu
1117:, and
1115:Lhotse
1034:; the
848::
846:pinyin
837::
826::
804:, the
785:හිමාලය
752:, the
737:हिमालय
728:Nepali
686:हिमालय
640:Lifted
628:, and
582:Ganges
580:, the
576:, the
574:rivers
542:Bhutan
495:plains
486:-lə-yə
313:
300:
274:
261:
251:Bhutan
248:
225:Lhotse
213:Makalu
187:Length
124:
106:,
81:, and
79:Ganges
12897:Polar
12842:lists
12837:Lakes
12656:ocean
12375:Ibero
12370:Latin
12360:Anglo
11482:Earth
11381:South
11234:North
10931:Pauri
10846:Major
10681:Music
10646:Other
10544:parks
10304:Rural
10271:Urban
10234:Rawat
10191:Tharu
10186:Buksa
10136:Hindi
10072:Rajis
9902:Terai
9879:Lakes
9765:Crown
9385:Motto
9314:State
9218:NH 27
9177:Limbu
9119:India
9115:Bihar
9092:Nepal
9066:Tibet
9010:Lukla
8907:Tamur
8897:Siswa
8887:Sabha
8867:Hongu
8852:Barun
8833:basin
8767:Index
8730:Women
8665:Bahra
8650:Pasni
8629:Jatra
8539:Tihar
8516:Sport
8504:Islam
8457:Media
8442:Music
8265:Damak
7970:Terai
7953:Areas
7869:April
7533:Nepal
6973:Nepal
6963:India
6858:Terai
6796:Malwa
6309:S2CID
6272:S2CID
6220:S2CID
6128:S2CID
6010:S2CID
5863:JSTOR
5559:(PDF)
5554:BMP.
5537:S2CID
5442:Ambio
5298:S2CID
5236:(2).
5205:(2).
5083:S2CID
5002:(PDF)
4991:S2CID
4961:(PDF)
4918:S2CID
4873:S2CID
4799:S2CID
4748:S2CID
4676:S2CID
4403:S2CID
4205:S2CID
4150:S2CID
3986:(PDF)
3975:(PDF)
3927:JSTOR
3855:(PDF)
3832:(PDF)
3731:S2CID
3590:S2CID
3126:
3121:ālaya
3006:
2969:Notes
2952:China
2948:Nepal
2832:Spiti
2816:Tibet
2785:Islam
2738:Ganga
2524:birds
2518:, 14
2514:, 16
2500:Pinus
2496:Abies
2492:Picea
2387:takin
2335:Male
2291:CMIP5
2256:Pamir
2198:Terai
2045:Winds
1929:tarns
1900:Nepal
1886:, in
1838:Lakes
1665:Assam
1609:Indus
1300:Indus
1237:Kamet
1146:Lhasa
1138:India
1059:Nepal
913:) or
854:) in
814:) in
800:) in
768:) in
746:Himāl
732:Hindi
704:ālaya
602:Tibet
578:Indus
546:India
534:China
530:Nepal
507:Earth
398:, or
290:Nepal
277:India
264:China
127:China
116:Nepal
75:Indus
12854:Seas
12611:Asia
11883:Ural
11795:Asia
11724:Horn
11719:East
11488:and
11238:East
11236:and
11066:and
10229:Raji
10077:Jads
9907:Doab
9767:rule
9737:rule
9380:Song
8882:Kosi
8830:Kosi
8725:LGBT
8609:Holi
8416:wine
8179:list
8008:Arun
6833:Doab
6512:ISBN
6485:ISBN
6470:ISBN
6455:ISBN
6437:ISBN
6412:ISBN
6390:ISBN
6375:ISBN
6361:ISBN
6339:ISBN
6262:ISBN
6236:ISBN
6170:ISBN
6152:ISBN
6079:ISBN
6061:ISBN
6035:ISBN
6000:ISBN
5973:ISBN
5950:OCLC
5940:ISBN
5924:LCCN
5914:ISBN
5855:ISSN
5804:ISBN
5765:2018
5735:PMID
5671:ISBN
5642:ISBN
5618:2012
5580:ISBN
5476:PMID
5290:PMID
5175:help
5108:help
5023:ISBN
4908:ISBN
4863:ISBN
4831:2022
4789:ISBN
4738:ISBN
4706:2011
4668:ISSN
4620:ISBN
4601:2022
4576:2024
4359:2010
4263:ISBN
4235:2009
4197:ISSN
4142:PMID
4102:2018
4072:PMID
4054:ISSN
4005:ISBN
3957:2014
3889:2014
3863:2006
3814:2015
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