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The Indus-Ganga belt is the world's most extensive expanse of uninterrupted alluvium formed by the deposition of silt by the numerous rivers. The plains are flat and mostly treeless, making it conducive for irrigation through canals. The area is also rich in ground water sources. The plains are the
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India. The plains encompass an area of 700,000 km (270,000 sq mi) and vary in width through their length by several hundred kilometres. The major rivers of this system are the Ganga and the Indus along with their tributaries;
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Until recent history, the open grasslands of the Indus-Ganga Plain were inhabited by several large species of animal. The open plains were home to large numbers of herbivores which included all three of the Asian rhinoceros
1321:, Princeton University Press, p. 68: "Aryavarta ... is defined by Manu as extending from the Himalayas in the north to the Vindhyas of Central India in the south and from the sea in the west to the sea in the east."
419:
The defeat of the
Rajputs marks a watershed moment in medieval India's history, as it not only shattered Rajput power in the Indo-Gangetic Plain but also firmly established a Muslim presence by the 13th century.
856:). The open grasslands were in many ways similar to the landscape of modern Africa. Gazelle, buffalo, rhinos, elephants, lions, and hippo roamed the grasslands as they do in Africa today. Large herds of
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Clusters of yellow lights on the Indo-Gangetic Plain reveal numerous cities large and small in this photograph of northern India and northern
Pakistan, seen from the northwest. The orange line is the
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The main source of rainfall is the southwest monsoon which is normally sufficient for general agriculture. The many rivers flowing out of the
Himalayas provide water for major irrigation works.
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is a region of porous ground consisting of boulders and pebbles that have washed down from the mountains. It is not suitable for crops and is forested. The streams disappear underground here.
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Following the battle the Delhi
Sultanate became prominent in the region, and collapse of organised Rajput resistance in northern India led to Muslim control of the region within a generation.
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The area constitutes the land between the
Brahmaputra River and the Aravalli Range. The Ganga and other rivers such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara and the Chambal River flow through the area.
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Because it is not fully possible to define the boundaries of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, it is also difficult to give an exact list of which administrative areas are part of the plain.
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Ojha, Narendra; Sharma, Amit; Kumar, Manish; Girach, Imran; Ansari, Tabish U.; Sharma, Som K.; Singh, Narendra; Pozzer, Andrea; Gunthe, Sachin S. (3 April 2020).
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Farming on the Indus-Ganga Plain primarily consists of rice and wheat grown in crop rotation. Other crops include maize, millets, barley, sugarcane, and cotton.
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world's most intensely farmed areas. The main crops grown are rice and wheat that are grown in rotation. Others include maize, sugarcane and cotton.
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Sustaining 9% to 14% of the global population across various studies, the Indo-Gangetic plains rank among the world's most densely populated areas.
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Shihabuddin returned, and in spite of being outnumbered, decisively defeated the Rajput
Confederacy of Prithviraj on the same battlefield, in the
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are more verdant than the middle Ganga plain. The lower Ganga is centered in West Bengal, from which it flows into
Bangladesh. After joining the
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Due to a rapidly growing population (as well as other factors), this area is considered at high risk for water shortages in the future.
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1533:"Seasonal distribution and drivers of surface fine particulate matter and organic aerosol over the Indo-Gangetic Plain"
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The name 'Hindustan' (हिन्दुस्तान) is
Persian; it means literally 'country of the Hindus/Indians'. Its first member,
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A part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain over
Northern, Central and Eastern India as well as its neighbouring countries
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The Indus–Ganga plains, also known as the "Great Indian Plains", are large floodplains of the Indus, Ganga and
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1600:"On the widespread enhancement in fine particulate matter across the Indo-Gangetic Plain towards winter"
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deposited across the region by the two river systems. The southern edge of the plain is marked by the
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Mogno, Caterina; Palmer, Paul I.; Knote, Christoph; Yao, Fei; Wallington, Timothy J. (20 July 2021).
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412:. Prithviraj fled the battleground, but was captured near the battle site and executed. Malesi, a
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1300:. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p.
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Taneja, Garima; Pal, Barun Deb; Joshi, Pramod Kumar; Aggarwal, Pramod K.; Tyagi, N. K. (2014).
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rivers and encompasses a number of large urban areas. The plain is bounded on the north by the
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Farmers preferences for climate-smart agriculture: An assessment in the Indo-Gangetic Plain
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hunt for termites in both of these areas. In the Ganges there were large concentrations of
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of Jaipur, led a last stand for the
Rajputs against the Ghurids after Prithviraj escaped.
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So many large animals would have supported a large population of predators as well.
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and horses lived alongside several species of wild cattle including the now-extinct
502:, tongues of land that extend to where the tributaries meet. Close to the rivers is
451:, causing the perception that the Indo-Gangetic Plain appears to be continuous from
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Ancient Religions, Modern Politics: The Islamic Case in Comparative Perspective
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controlling fish stocks and the occasional migrating herd crossing the river.
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land of new alluvium that is subject to flooding. Above the flood limit,
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Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526)
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as a separate caste also emerged in Indian social structure around the
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In the 12th century, much of the Indo-Gangetic Plain was ruled by the
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along the foothills of the Himalayas. The rivers encompassed are the
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1460:"Indo-Gangetic plains: Geography, Facts, Divisions and Importance"
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The areas that are completely or more than half in the plain are:
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river systems. They run parallel to the Himalaya mountains, from
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and Epic eras of Indian history, this region was referred to as "
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The annual rainfall increases from west towards the east. The
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359:. The term "Hindustani" is also used to refer to the people,
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subdivide the Indo-Gangetic Plain into several parts: the
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grazing on the riverbanks along with extinct species of
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would have hunted large game on the open plains, while
984:(Only southern fringes of the country bordering India)
872:. In the forested areas there were several species of
1597:
355:
The term was later used to refer to the whole of the
325:)". The region is also referred to historically as "
171:, including most of modern-day northern and eastern
1530:
623:Roughly, the Indo-Gangetic Plain stretches across:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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3806:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
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514:land is older alluvium deposited in the middle
291:centers in the Indo-Gangetic plain. During the
1690:
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923:would stalk prey in the surrounding woods and
340:(हिन्दु), was borrowed from the Sanskrit word
309:(2.22), 'Aryavarta' is "the tract between the
3364:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
2682:
2183:
1727:
393:In 1191, the Rajput king of Ajmer and Delhi,
439:The Indo-Gangetic Plain is divided into two
3328:Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
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638:in eastern Pakistan and northwestern India;
3323:Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
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466:A thin strip between the foothills of the
1639:
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1225:Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests,
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2696:
1497:
1294:Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.).
606:
430:
239:are located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
130:
122:
3354:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
1504:Ramaswamy R Iyer, ed. (11 April 2009).
1257:. Intl Food Policy Res Inst. p. 2.
652:in southern Pakistan and western India;
477:Below the Bhabar lie the grasslands of
4328:
1785:National Geological Monuments of India
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1715:
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1510:. SAGE Publications. pp. 542–.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
3349:Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
1487:"Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands"
1484:Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001).
1449:
1045:and the southern fringes bordering
13:
3333:Himalayan subtropical pine forests
348:is a cognate of the Sanskrit word
14:
4367:
4058:Dehradun–Haridwar–Rishikesh Metro
3359:Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
3164:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
3159:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
1540:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
1227:Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
1059:(3 southernmost districts of the
791:in the east and draining most of
716:region is spread across southern
619:Doab in the Indo-Gangetic Plains.
3825:Monuments of National Importance
1267:
1132:Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
995:(The southern fringes bordering
382:and many petty Rajput kingdoms.
191:, the region is named after the
23:
16:Geographical plain in South Asia
3840:Tourist attractions in Dehradun
1660:
1591:
1524:
1356:. Indian Melody. Archived from
1231:Northwestern thorn scrub forest
34:needs additional citations for
4097:Institutes of higher education
1308:
1287:
1261:
1244:
942:
370:. Most prominent of them were
344:(सिन्धु) m./f. 'river', while
317:ranges, from the Eastern Sea (
1:
3129:Ceded and Conquered Provinces
2837:Provincial Armed Constabulary
2446:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu
2132:World Heritage Sites in India
1237:
363:, and culture of the region.
215:. Many developed cities like
3764:Parliamentary constituencies
3700:Community Development Blocks
3196:Bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh
2057:Biogeographic classification
1354:"Hindustani Classical Music"
488:The many tributaries of the
426:
247:The region is known for the
7:
2832:Fire and Emergency Services
2500:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2113:National monuments of India
1697:(3rd ed.). Har-Anand.
1507:Water and the Laws in India
1270:"Indus Valley Civilization"
1211:
1112:Udham Singh Nagar districts
541:. The Brahmaputra rises in
10:
4372:
1624:10.1038/s41598-020-62710-8
1334:. CIA – The World Factbook
1274:World History Encyclopedia
664:Rohilkhand (Katehr) Plains
242:
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4176:
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4114:Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman
4028:
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3830:State Protected Monuments
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2869:Provincial Forest Service
2864:Provincial Police Service
2854:Public Service Commission
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1795:Sacred mountains of India
1777:
1749:
1673:Military History of India
1561:10.5194/acp-21-10881-2021
283:– all of which had their
249:Indus Valley civilisation
151:, is a 700-thousand
2904:Leader of the Opposition
2859:Provincial Civil Service
1691:Satish Chandra (2006) .
960:Administrative divisions
838:
701:in India and Bangladesh;
211:. On the west rises the
149:North Indian River Plain
3752:Assembly constituencies
3134:North-Western Provinces
2827:Disaster Response Force
2127:Indian-origin religions
2118:National parks of India
1863:Highest point by states
1464:General Knowledge Today
557:, before crossing into
537:, both rivers form the
410:Second Battle of Tarain
183:and southern plains of
4104:Awards and decorations
4092:School Education Board
3677:Municipal Corporations
2986:Khasa Janapada kingdom
2510:Atolls of the Maldives
2308:Chittagong Hill Tracts
2005:States and territories
1800:Sacred rivers of India
1790:Sacred groves of India
1493:. World Wildlife Fund.
1491:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1297:India through the ages
976:Chittagong Hill Tracts
764:. The soil is rich in
620:
496:divide the plain into
436:
403:First Battle of Tarain
376:Gahadavals Or Rathores
352:(स्थान) n. 'a place'.
321:) to the Western Sea (
140:
128:
3757:Former constituencies
3735:2016 political crisis
3720:Coolie-Begar movement
1094:Hanumangarh districts
645:in southern Pakistan;
610:
434:
401:near Tarroari in the
329:" or the Land of the
137:India–Pakistan border
134:
126:
58:"Indo-Gangetic Plain"
4351:Plains of Bangladesh
3998:Association football
3991:Women's cricket team
3191:Rampur Tiraha firing
2887:Legislative Assembly
2795:Council of Ministers
2725:(summer); judicial:
2147:Environment of India
1444:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
1432:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
1420:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
1396:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
1384:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
547:Yarlung Zangbo River
533:, a distributary of
187:. Also known as the
147:, also known as the
43:improve this article
4003:Men's football team
3801:World Heritage Site
3769:Rajya Sabha members
2649: /
2391:Indo-Gangetic plain
1676:. Orient Longmans.
1616:2020NatSR..10.5862O
1552:2021ACP....2110881M
1546:(14): 10881–10909.
1408:Satish Chandra 2006
1360:on 11 December 2007
1122:Chitrakoot division
854:Sumatran rhinoceros
692:North Bengal plains
611:Area depicting the
523:Lower Ganges Plains
470:and the plain, the
357:Indian subcontinent
179:, virtually all of
169:Indian subcontinent
145:Indo-Gangetic Plain
127:Indo-Gangetic Plain
4341:Plains of Pakistan
3986:Men's cricket team
3941:Govind Pashu Vihar
3725:Statehood movement
3672:Urban Local Bodies
3095:Anglo-Nepalese War
2976:Uttarakuru kingdom
2318:Gandhamardan Hills
2288:Sulaiman Mountains
1743:Geography of India
1604:Scientific Reports
1398:, pp. 32, 34.
1195:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
785:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
706:Brahmaputra Valley
621:
549:and flows through
437:
395:Prithviraj Chauhan
265:Pushyabhuti Empire
175:, most of eastern-
141:
129:
4323:
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4224:
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4168:Udham Singh Nagar
4109:Uttarakhand Ratna
4053:Char Dham Railway
4048:Char Dham Highway
3969:
3968:
3961:Valley of Flowers
3774:Lok Sabha members
3708:
3707:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3501:
3500:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3304:
3303:
3243:Garhwal Himalayas
3204:
3203:
3177:
3176:
3100:Treaty of Sugauli
2953:
2952:
2847:Police Department
2842:Forest Department
2632:
2631:
2406:Indus River Delta
2165:
2164:
1704:978-81-241-1064-5
1517:978-81-321-0424-7
1434:, pp. 36–37.
1410:, pp. 25–26.
1057:Jammu and Kashmir
1030:(Almost entirely)
1019:(Almost entirely)
993:Arunachal Pradesh
846:Indian rhinoceros
781:Jammu and Kashmir
770:densely populated
678:Purvanchal Plains
657:Ganga-Yamuna Doab
551:Arunachal Pradesh
399:Shihabuddin Ghori
372:Chauhans of Ajmer
189:Indus–Ganga Plain
119:
118:
111:
93:
4363:
4131:
4130:
3894:Kedarnath Temple
3882:Badrinath Temple
3870:Yamunotri Temple
3791:
3790:
3652:
3651:
3538:
3537:
3510:
3509:
3493:Scheduled Tribes
3488:Scheduled Castes
3480:Scheduled Tribes
3476:Scheduled Castes
3396:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3313:
3312:
3228:
3227:
3219:
3218:
3169:United Provinces
3115:
3114:
2991:Himalaya kingdom
2964:
2963:
2742:
2741:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2426:Coromandel Coast
2293:Toba Kakar Range
2222:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2157:Tourism in India
2152:History of India
2142:Culture of India
2137:Climate of India
2010:Autonomous areas
1764:Geology of India
1736:
1729:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1687:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1563:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1268:Mark, Joshua J.
1265:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1175:Cholistan desert
1075:Chambal division
1039:Himachal Pradesh
933:mugger crocodile
909:Asiatic cheetahs
858:Indian elephants
850:Javan rhinoceros
388:Ghurid invasions
303:). According to
273:Delhi Sultanates
165:northern regions
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4346:Plains of Nepal
4336:Plains of India
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4231:
4220:
4172:
4120:
4075:Kumaoni cuisine
4031:
4024:
4015:Olympic Stadium
4010:Cricket Stadium
3965:
3927:
3920:
3851:
3844:
3780:
3745:Local elections
3730:Chipko movement
3704:
3683:
3646:
3627:
3579:
3529:
3497:
3479:
3477:
3470:
3432:
3390:
3368:
3337:
3300:
3267:
3238:Great Himalayas
3223:
3213:
3211:
3200:
3183:
3173:
3150:
3143:
3139:Agra Presidency
3120:
3110:
3104:
3061:Katyuri dynasty
3044:Garhwal Kingdom
3036:
3030:
3021:Kuninda Kingdom
2996:Parvata kingdom
2981:Paurava kingdom
2968:
2949:
2908:
2875:
2807:Chief Secretary
2773:
2731:
2713:: legislative:
2704:
2695:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2565:
2514:
2488:
2455:
2379:
2363:
2327:
2278:Anaimalai Hills
2218:
2202:
2196:
2166:
2161:
2101:
2092:Protected Areas
2039:
1991:
1955:Northeast India
1929:
1923:Western Coastal
1918:Eastern Coastal
1883:Mountain passes
1809:
1805:Stones of India
1773:
1745:
1740:
1705:
1684:
1668:Jadunath Sarkar
1663:
1658:
1657:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1535:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1502:
1498:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1313:
1309:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1214:
1203:Peshawar Valley
1183:(Excluding the
1130:(Excluding the
1120:(Excluding the
974:(Excluding the
962:
945:
841:
787:in the west to
455:in the west to
441:drainage basins
429:
414:Kachwaha Rajput
299:" (Land of the
245:
213:Iranian Plateau
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4369:
4359:
4358:
4356:Plains of Asia
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4036:
4034:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4020:Sports College
4017:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3813:Ramsar Wetland
3810:
3809:
3808:
3797:
3795:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3649:
3645:Administrative
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3438:Tibeto-Burmans
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3253:Mountain peaks
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3225:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3083:Gorkha Kingdom
3080:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3056:Kumaon Kingdom
3053:
3052:
3051:
3049:Panwar dynasty
3040:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3001:Kirata kingdom
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2790:Chief Minister
2787:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2711:State capitals
2709:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2653:27.25°N 80.5°E
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2354:Mysore Plateau
2351:
2349:Ladakh Plateau
2346:
2341:
2339:Deccan Plateau
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:Cardamom Hills
2280:
2275:
2270:
2268:Himachal Range
2265:
2263:Shivalik Hills
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:Aravalli Range
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:Nature worship
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2035:Municipalities
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1853:Extreme points
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1590:
1523:
1516:
1496:
1477:
1466:. 3 April 2016
1448:
1446:, pp. 38.
1436:
1424:
1422:, pp. 37.
1412:
1400:
1388:
1371:
1345:
1323:
1307:
1286:
1260:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1199:Derajat region
1192:
1178:
1164:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1145:Nepalese Terai
1137:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1097:
1090:Sri Ganganagar
1083:
1078:
1073:Including the
1067:Madhya Pradesh
1064:
1061:Jammu Division
1054:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1000:
985:
979:
961:
958:
944:
941:
905:striped hyenas
840:
837:
710:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
646:
639:
632:
463:in the east.
428:
425:
281:Maratha Empire
244:
241:
209:Deccan Plateau
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4368:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4227:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4211:Tehri Garhwal
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:Pauri Garhwal
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3642:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3585:Tibeto-Burman
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:Sivalik Hills
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Raika Kingdom
3076:
3074:
3073:Khasa Kingdom
3071:
3067:
3066:Chand dynasty
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Kushan Empire
3014:
3012:
3011:Maurya Empire
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Chief Justice
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:Coastal India
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:Rann of Kutch
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Satpura Range
2251:
2249:
2248:Vindhya Range
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Eastern Ghats
2231:
2229:
2228:Western Ghats
2226:
2221:
2220:Mount Everest
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2198:Geography of
2193:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1987:Central India
1985:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:Indo-Gangetic
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1683:9780861251551
1679:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1392:
1386:, p. 32.
1385:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:Kirthar Range
1182:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:Kacchi Plains
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:Uttar Pradesh
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:encompassing
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
990:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
957:
954:
951:
948:
940:
938:
937:river dolphin
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:Bengal tigers
914:
913:Asiatic lions
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:Indian wolves
893:
891:
887:
886:water buffalo
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
836:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
726:eastern India
723:
719:
715:
707:
703:
700:
696:
693:
689:
686:
682:
679:
675:
672:
668:
665:
661:
658:
654:
651:
647:
644:
640:
637:
636:Punjab Plains
633:
631:in the north;
630:
626:
625:
624:
618:
614:
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
512:
507:
506:
501:
500:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
433:
424:
421:
417:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:Bay of Bengal
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:Mughal Empire
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Kushan Empire
254:
253:Maurya Empire
250:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:encompassing
162:
158:
155:(172-million-
154:
150:
146:
138:
133:
125:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3911:Panch Prayag
3818:Asan Barrage
3381:Demographics
3296:Ganges Basin
3272:
3182:Contemporary
3088:Shah dynasty
3026:Gupta Empire
3006:Nanda Empire
2726:
2720:
2714:
2634:
2620:Southeastern
2615:Southwestern
2595:Northeastern
2585:Northwestern
2416:Ganges Delta
2411:Ganges Basin
2401:Indus Valley
2390:
2344:Chota Nagpur
2323:Lushai Hills
1997:Subdivisions
1912:
1769:Indian Plate
1759:Fossil Parks
1693:
1672:
1661:Bibliography
1607:
1603:
1593:
1581:. Retrieved
1543:
1539:
1526:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1463:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1362:. Retrieved
1358:the original
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1326:
1318:
1315:Michael Cook
1310:
1296:
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1273:
1263:
1253:
1246:
1217:Ecoregions:
1104:Terai Region
1043:Una district
1011:Barak Valley
966:
963:
955:
952:
949:
946:
894:
890:hippopotamus
842:
834:
830:
774:
712:The fertile
711:
708:in the east.
699:Ganges Delta
685:Bihar Plains
671:Awadh Plains
643:Sindh Plains
629:Jammu Plains
622:
563:
539:Ganges Delta
527:Assam Valley
520:
509:
503:
497:
487:
476:
465:
438:
422:
418:
407:
392:
365:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
335:
304:
261:Gupta Empire
246:
188:
148:
144:
142:
120:
105:
99:January 2016
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4285:Pithoragarh
4206:Rudraprayag
4163:Pithoragarh
3946:Jim Corbett
3906:Panch Kedar
3901:Sapta Badri
3400:Indo-Aryans
3184:Uttarakhand
3111:Uttarakhand
2935:Bar Council
2880:Legislature
2822:Departments
2722:Bhararisain
2702:Uttarakhand
2658:27.25; 80.5
2656: /
2561:Afghanistan
2505:Lakshadweep
2375:Thar Desert
2273:Khasi Hills
2045:Environment
1965:South India
1943:North India
1610:(1): 5862.
1364:14 December
1338:14 December
1189:Thar desert
1169:(Excluding
1157:Balochistan
1128:West Bengal
1100:Uttarakhand
1071:Gird Region
1007:Brahmaputra
943:Agriculture
925:sloth bears
777:Brahmaputra
650:Indus Delta
566:geographers
535:Brahmaputra
516:Pleistocene
494:Ganga river
490:Indus river
445:Delhi Ridge
374:along with
323:Arabian Sea
285:demographic
269:Pala Empire
4330:Categories
4216:Uttarkashi
4039:Transport
3951:Nanda Devi
3603:Chaudangsi
3542:Indo-Aryan
3309:Ecoregions
3222:Geological
2940:Lok Adalat
2920:High Court
2737:Government
2719:(winter);
2551:Bangladesh
2519:By country
2477:West Coast
2472:East Coast
2436:Sundarbans
2313:Naga Hills
2303:Hindu Kush
2258:Garo Hills
2200:South Asia
2067:Biospheres
2062:Ecoregions
1982:West India
1960:East India
1903:Waterfalls
1238:References
1171:Salt Range
1023:Chandigarh
972:Bangladesh
586:Rohilkhand
559:Bangladesh
390:of India.
181:Bangladesh
159:) fertile
69:newspapers
4305:Mussoorie
4295:New Tehri
4275:Rishikesh
4153:Champawat
4148:Bageshwar
4126:Districts
4087:Education
3889:Kedarnath
3877:Badrinath
3865:Yamunotri
3794:Monuments
3740:Elections
3662:Districts
3647:divisions
3506:Languages
3466:Banrawats
3418:Jaunsaris
3408:Garhwalis
3316:Highlands
3231:Mountains
3210:Geography
2945:Lokayukta
2913:Judiciary
2778:Executive
2546:Sri Lanka
2298:Karakoram
2214:Himalayas
2207:Mountains
2020:Districts
2015:Divisions
1975:Southeast
1970:Southwest
1948:Northwest
1898:Volcanoes
1878:Mountains
1815:Landforms
1632:2045-2322
1578:237688850
1570:1680-7316
1086:Rajasthan
866:antelopes
604:regions.
468:Himalayas
449:sea level
427:Geography
327:Hindustan
306:Manusmṛti
297:Aryavarta
289:political
233:Islamabad
201:Himalayas
4300:Nainital
4290:Srinagar
4280:Ramnagar
4265:Rudrapur
4260:Kashipur
4250:Haldwani
4245:Haridwar
4240:Dehradun
4196:Haridwar
4191:Dehradun
4158:Nainital
4043:Airports
3936:Gangotri
3926:National
3860:Gangotri
3850:Chardham
3713:Politics
3695:Parganas
3560:Jaunsari
3550:Garhwali
3525:Sanskrit
3513:Official
3446:Bhotiyas
3413:Kumaonis
3342:Lowlands
3224:features
3109:Colonial
3037:kingdoms
3035:Medieval
2969:kingdoms
2817:Agencies
2800:Cabinets
2785:Governor
2728:Nainital
2716:Dehradun
2605:Southern
2600:Littoral
2590:Northern
2556:Maldives
2531:Pakistan
2384:Lowlands
2332:Plateaus
2243:Nilgiris
2106:See also
2097:Wildlife
1858:Glaciers
1778:Heritage
1670:(1960).
1650:32246046
1317:(2014),
1279:22 April
1212:See also
1201:and the
1187:and the
1152:Pakistan
1108:Haridwar
921:leopards
874:wild pig
862:gazelles
793:Northern
760:and the
722:northern
704:and the
525:and the
492:and the
380:Varanasi
313:and the
311:Himalaya
205:alluvium
195:and the
177:Pakistan
4270:Kotdwar
4255:Roorkee
4186:Chamoli
4178:Garhwal
4082:Economy
4070:Cuisine
3981:Cricket
3852:circuit
3835:Temples
3786:Tourism
3667:Tehsils
3608:Darmiya
3598:Byangsi
3565:Bangani
3555:Kumaoni
3451:Shaukas
3258:Bugyals
3214:ecology
3119:Company
2967:Ancient
2959:History
2899:Speaker
2892:History
2812:Gazette
2746:Symbols
2644:80°30′E
2641:27°15′N
2580:Central
2493:Islands
2368:Deserts
2082:Forests
2049:climate
1935:Regions
1893:Valleys
1868:Islands
1828:Borders
1823:Beaches
1751:Geology
1641:7125076
1612:Bibcode
1583:20 June
1548:Bibcode
1332:"India"
1051:Haryana
1034:Haryana
929:gharial
882:muntjac
870:aurochs
818:Chambal
797:Eastern
734:Chambal
570:Gujarat
545:as the
443:by the
368:Rajputs
315:Vindhya
243:History
237:Karachi
225:Kolkata
167:of the
83:scholar
4310:Almora
4232:cities
4143:Almora
4135:Kumaon
4032:topics
3974:Sports
3956:Rajaji
3916:Gomukh
3593:Rongpo
3534:Spoken
3428:Tharus
3423:Buksas
3391:groups
3389:Ethnic
3281:Bhabar
3273:Plains
2930:Judges
2759:Emblem
2610:Island
2572:region
2541:Bhutan
2484:Makran
2460:Coasts
2451:Makran
2431:Konkan
2087:Issues
2025:Cities
1908:Plains
1888:Rivers
1843:Desert
1838:Canals
1833:Coasts
1701:
1680:
1648:
1638:
1630:
1576:
1568:
1514:
1470:30 May
1167:Punjab
1081:Punjab
1047:Punjab
982:Bhutan
901:dholes
826:Chenab
822:Sutlej
806:Yamuna
762:Yamuna
758:Sutlej
756:, the
752:, the
748:, the
744:, the
740:, the
738:Chenab
736:, the
732:, the
617:Yamuna
598:Bengal
578:Punjab
531:Jamuna
511:bangar
505:khadar
483:Dooars
472:Bhabar
457:Bengal
384:Rajput
350:sthāna
342:sindhu
331:Hindus
301:Aryans
275:, the
229:Lahore
197:Ganges
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4315:Pauri
4230:Major
4065:Music
4030:Other
3928:parks
3688:Rural
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3570:Buksa
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