529:"Gray (1846), describing Mountain Quails for the first time scientifically, places them together with the Crested Wood Partridges into the genus Rollulus. Gould (1883) believes in a close alliance to the See-See-Partridges, Ammoperdix. Ogilvie-Grant (1896) calls the Mountain Quail a pygmy pheasant and assumes a close relationship to the Blood Pheasants, Ithaginis. Ripley (1952) puts the Mountain Quails close to the Blood-Pheasants Ithaginis and Spurfowl, Galloperdix. Boetticher (1958) believes Mountain Quails to be related to the spurfowl, Galloperdix. Johnsgard (1988) thinks that Mountain Quails are closely related to Bush Quails, Perdicula (Johnsgard includes the genus Cryptoplectron into Perdicula). Ali (1977) also believes that Mountain Quails are closely related to Bush Quails, Perdicula, and Blood Pheasants, Ithaginis, due to a short stout bill and stiff bristle-like feathers on the forehead, features common in all three genera Ithaginis, Perdicula and Ophrysia.
304:
2903:
2086:
1832:
86:
396:
308:
307:
309:
33:
61:
306:
465:
1331:
540:, the records seem to suggest the species was present in these localities during the coldest (late January) and up to the hottest (late May to early July) time of the year. However, it was notably absent during the wet season (late June to mid-September). Since no very young birds were ever found, breeding may have taken place during the wet months perhaps in central
504:
in that it was seen very rarely, except at dawn or dusk, keeping to tall grassland, relying on its legs rather than its wings for escape and only flying when closely approached. The fluffy, soft plumage suggests it was adapted for low temperatures; it has been suggested that the birds migrated north
320:
The red bill and legs of this small dark quail and white spots before and after the eye make it distinctive. The male is dark grey with bleak streaks and a white forehead and supercilium. The female is brownish with dark streaks and greyish brow. Like the male it has a white spot in front of the eye
556:
The
Himalayan Quail has not been reliably recorded in the wild after 1876. The locations where they were historically found have been greatly altered by human activity and the current habitats in these locations may not represent their normal habitat requirements. A 2015 study examined the rate of
386:
suggested that it was a migratory bird, arriving in winter, although expressing doubts on account of the short wings. The birds near
Mussoorie as observed by Hutton and others occurred in small coveys of six to ten, that kept to high grass and scrub, fed on seeds of grass, were difficult to flush,
520:
that originally evolved in lower-lying areas during a globally colder climate and was only encountered by
Europeans in the last vestiges of its range and at the time of its extinction, the distance between the records argues for the species being a short-distance seasonal migrant with a fairly
225:
305:
505:
and uphill in the summer months to the higher mountains, but the shape and size of its wings do not suggest a bird capable of flying long distances. However, the sites where it was recorded are almost 200 km apart and separated by the much lower elevation of the
378:, at about 6,000 feet (1,800 m) elevation. Two years later, again in November, five specimens were obtained by a group near Jerepani (Jharipani). In December 1876, Major G. Carwithen obtained a specimen from the eastern slopes of Sher-ka-danda, close to
321:
and a larger one behind the eye. It is believed to fly only when flushed at close quarters and was found in coveys of five or six. The habitat was steep hillsides covered by long grass. The genus name is derived from
557:
extinction and suggested that the species might still be extant and using the habitat preference of monal suggest that there might be some locations around
Mussoorie where intensive surveys could be attempted.
399:
A pair of
Himalayan quails from Hume and Marshall's Game-birds of India, Burmah and Ceylon. Hume noted that the depiction was incorrect and that the plumage of the male (left) should have been almost black.
461:) and brushwood on steep hillsides, particularly on the crests of south- or east-facing slopes. It probably bred around September. The June specimen is a yearling male in moult.
328:
This quail has long tail coverts and the 10 feathered tail is longer, nearly as long as the wing, than in most quails. The feathers of the forehead are bristly and stiff.
457:
All records of the
Himalayan quail are in the altitude range of 1,650 to 2,400 m. They were seen in patches of tall grass ("high jungle grass", "tall seed-grass", see
896:"Mapping the potential distribution of the Critically Endangered Himalayan Quail Ophrysia superciliosa using proxy species and species distribution modelling"
387:
and had a shrill whistling note when flushed. They appeared to arrive about
November, but in one case stayed as late as June, after which they disappeared.
3164:
1633:
374:
It was not until 1865 that it was first found in the wild by
Kenneth Mackinnon who shot a pair in November, in a hollow between Budraj and Benog, behind
1257:
1064:
2214:
2164:
1429:
1167:
2184:
1183:
3071:
1389:
1197:
1653:
1449:
775:
2274:
1643:
1579:
1544:
1507:
1486:
1399:
1250:
1227:
1220:
1053:
2254:
2244:
2154:
1518:
1141:
1119:
1107:
1075:
1459:
1419:
1206:
1152:
1130:
2204:
2134:
1939:
1213:
548:, due northeast of the places where it was recorded and comparatively sparsely inhabited even today." (I. Rieger, D. Walzthoeny, 1993)
1949:
1929:
1753:
1663:
1439:
279:. It was last reported in 1876 and is feared extinct. This species was known from only 2 locations (and 12 specimens) in the western
3045:
967:
930:
3194:
3084:
884:
Rieger, Ingo & Walzthoeny, Doris. (1993). Searching for
Mountain Quails, Ophrysia superciliosa. 10.13140/RG.2.2.36207.64161.
3089:
935:
2902:
2085:
3189:
3184:
2961:
2975:
424:
Jharipani, 5 km to the south of
Mussorie, c.1,650 m (November - June 1867/68 or 1869/70, 4 specimens total)
421:
5 km to the north-west of Mussoorie, between Badraj and Benog, 1,850 m. (November 1865, 1 specimen, 1 lost)
3179:
314:
65:
449:. The only bird from the general area that seems to fit such a description would be a male Himalayan quail.
960:
1379:
866:
738:
687:
813:
598:
356:
2988:
367:), were purchased from Tucker on 1 April 1836, and came to the Liverpool national collection via the
85:
655:
174:
762:
Type specimens of birds in the Merseyside County Museums : formerly City of Liverpool Museums
953:
363:, with accession numbers D259 (male) and D259a (female). The specimens were collected in India (=
44:) (male and female on 1 April 1836 in Nainital). These are the type specimens (D259 and D259a).
3076:
2996:
2923:
1831:
3102:
1330:
945:
3115:
621:
197:
3174:
3001:
533:
434:
8:
575:
537:
487:
50:
857:
3141:
1241:
769:
637:
498:
368:
232:
80:
3110:
3019:
352:
3024:
907:
893:
633:
593:
545:
517:
473:
442:
332:
214:
3011:
427:
Eastern slopes of Sher-ka-danda near Nainital, 2,100 m (December 1876, 1 specimen)
3169:
2587:
1697:
1278:
894:
Dunn, J.C.; G.M. Buchanan; R.J.Cuthbert; M.J. Whittingham; P.J.K.McGowan (2015).
3128:
790:
2840:
2830:
2709:
2484:
1980:
1913:
1029:
1014:
977:
830:
344:
912:
895:
3158:
3097:
2946:
2820:
2434:
2393:
2284:
1960:
1595:
1287:
1176:
584:
407:
340:
336:
70:
2857:
2785:
2723:
2716:
2682:
2666:
2610:
2500:
2473:
2348:
2304:
2264:
2234:
2024:
1850:
1802:
1470:
1008:
481:
395:
360:
41:
940:
480:(1846). These are the type specimens D259 and D259a in the collections at
3058:
2955:
2878:
2799:
2792:
2675:
2641:
2625:
2603:
2596:
2569:
2535:
2507:
2493:
2404:
2334:
2294:
2174:
2144:
2117:
2104:
2060:
2045:
2010:
1969:
1769:
1690:
1674:
1362:
1349:
1305:
1097:
1086:
541:
469:
411:
284:
276:
157:
147:
137:
32:
3136:
3050:
2778:
2762:
2751:
2700:
2576:
2562:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2459:
2420:
2369:
2355:
2341:
2325:
2224:
2017:
1989:
1735:
1704:
1602:
1527:
1409:
1294:
709:
383:
726:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 73–74.
343:, and he gave the locality as "India" with a query. These are the two
2871:
2744:
2648:
2452:
2413:
2380:
2314:
2194:
2038:
1878:
1871:
1862:
1776:
1568:
1264:
510:
464:
415:
375:
364:
292:
280:
97:
3063:
3037:
2917:
2940:
2847:
2689:
2555:
2546:
2466:
2445:
2427:
2362:
2031:
2003:
1902:
1722:
1617:
1534:
996:
622:"Further addenda to the Commentary on Dr Jerdon's 'Birds of India'"
379:
117:
40:
Painting by John Gould based on specimens in the Derby museum (now
291:. The last verifiable record was in 1876 near the hill station of
2983:
2813:
2806:
2730:
1996:
1885:
1742:
1683:
1588:
1561:
514:
2970:
2864:
2771:
2737:
1892:
1711:
1551:
1497:
990:
975:
521:
contiguous breeding distribution but disjunct winter quarters.
506:
224:
107:
3123:
3032:
2655:
1783:
1002:
657:
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds
458:
446:
371:’s collection which was bequeathed to the city of Liverpool.
288:
272:
1762:
567:
127:
936:
Threatened Birds of Asia Red Data Book Species Information
675:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 129.
497:: 467-471) suggested that it was similar in habit to the
478:
Gleanings from the Menagerie and Aviary at Knowsley Hall
670:
818:. Vol. 1. Edward Lloyd, London. pp. 213–214.
692:(4th ed.). W. Thacker and Co, London. p. 91.
573:
2853:
2836:
2826:
2637:
2440:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2260:
2250:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2140:
2130:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1898:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1557:
1540:
1503:
1493:
1482:
1455:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1275:
1238:
1194:
1164:
1148:
1137:
1126:
1114:
1103:
1093:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1049:
660:. Vol. 4. Taylor and Francis. pp. 104–106.
599:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679141A132051220.en
811:
3156:
721:
712:(1911) The Game Birds of India & Asia (1911)
382:, at an elevation of 7,000 feet (2,100 m).
747:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
685:
673:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2
335:from living specimens in the collection of the
831:"A rare Indian game-bird, the mountain quail (
468:"Eyebrowed Rollulus" - A drawing from life by
961:
791:"Vanishing and extinct bird species of India"
788:
759:
736:
431:By 1904 it was already considered a rarity.
653:
3165:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
724:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan
2115:
1360:
968:
954:
828:
774:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
223:
59:
31:
911:
855:
597:
441:("small black/dusky partridge") from the
463:
394:
390:
302:
619:
353:Knowsley Menagerie, 1, 1846, p.8, pl.16
3157:
705:
703:
701:
699:
2922:
2921:
2102:
1848:
1347:
1027:
949:
649:
647:
355:) and are held in the collections of
331:The species was described in 1846 by
689:Game, shore and water birds of India
696:
585:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1028:
715:
671:Rasmussen PC; JC Anderton (2005).
644:
638:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1867.tb06433.x
532:As indicated by climate data from
418:(1836, 2 specimens, type locality)
14:
3206:
924:
437:(1952) records a local bird name
2901:
2084:
1849:
1830:
1329:
313:Turnaround video of a specimen,
84:
2103:
1348:
900:Bird Conservation International
887:
878:
849:
822:
805:
782:
574:BirdLife International (2018).
3195:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
753:
730:
679:
664:
613:
298:
1:
560:
315:Naturalis Biodiversity Center
815:A handbook to the game-birds
739:"Remarks on an India Quail (
513:. If the species was not an
7:
867:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
722:Ali, S; S D Ripley (1980).
524:
10:
3211:
931:BirdLife Species Factsheet
812:Ogilvie-Grant, WR (1896).
452:
403:Specimens are known from
357:National Museums Liverpool
249:Malacoturnix superciliaris
2930:
2898:
2761:
2699:
2665:
2633:
2624:
2586:
2545:
2483:
2403:
2388:
2379:
2324:
2126:
2111:
2098:
2081:
2059:
1979:
1959:
1921:
1912:
1861:
1857:
1844:
1827:
1801:
1752:
1730:
1721:
1673:
1625:
1616:
1578:
1517:
1478:
1469:
1371:
1356:
1343:
1326:
1304:
1274:
1237:
1193:
1163:
1040:
1036:
1023:
985:
913:10.1017/S095927091400046X
592:: e.T22679141A132051220.
551:
238:
231:
222:
203:
196:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
30:
25:
980:and their extinct allies
839:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
795:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
686:Le Messurier, A (1904).
245:Malacortyx superciliaris
3190:Birds described in 1846
325:which refers the brow.
3185:Birds of the Himalayas
941:Search for the species
789:Ripley, S. D. (1952).
760:Wagstaffe, R. (1978).
741:Rollulus superciliosus
737:Blyth, Edward (1867).
502:Perdicula manipurensis
484:
400:
317:
241:Rollulus superciliosus
3142:Ophrysia-superciliosa
2976:ophrysia-superciliosa
2962:Ophrysia superciliosa
2932:Ophrysia superciliosa
860:Ophrysia superciliosa
858:"The Mountain Quail (
833:Ophrysia superciliosa
654:Blanford, WT (1898).
578:Ophrysia superciliosa
467:
398:
391:Specimens and records
349:Rollulus superciliosa
312:
264:Ophrysia superciliosa
207:Ophrysia superciliosa
66:Critically Endangered
3180:Birds of North India
435:Sidney Dillon Ripley
271:, is a medium-sized
189:O. superciliosa
829:Comber, E. (1904).
499:Manipur bush quails
51:Conservation status
1242:Quercymegapodiidae
856:Talwar, R (1995).
485:
401:
369:13th Earl of Derby
318:
3152:
3151:
3111:Open Tree of Life
2924:Taxon identifiers
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2620:
2619:
2094:
2093:
2079:
2078:
2055:
2054:
1840:
1839:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1634:Archaealectrornis
1612:
1611:
1339:
1338:
1324:
1323:
345:syntype specimens
310:
275:belonging to the
255:
254:
178:
74:
3202:
3145:
3144:
3132:
3131:
3119:
3118:
3106:
3105:
3093:
3092:
3080:
3079:
3067:
3066:
3054:
3053:
3041:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3015:
3014:
3005:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2989:1EDD86FF97DAFBAB
2979:
2978:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2855:
2838:
2828:
2639:
2631:
2630:
2442:
2386:
2385:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2099:
2089:
2088:
1947:
1937:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1900:
1859:
1858:
1846:
1845:
1835:
1834:
1728:
1727:
1661:
1651:
1641:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1559:
1542:
1505:
1495:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1333:
1277:
1258:Quercymegapodius
1240:
1196:
1166:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1116:
1105:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1065:Archaeophasianus
1062:
1051:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
970:
963:
956:
947:
946:
918:
917:
915:
891:
885:
882:
876:
875:
853:
847:
846:
826:
820:
819:
809:
803:
802:
786:
780:
779:
773:
765:
757:
751:
750:
734:
728:
727:
719:
713:
707:
694:
693:
683:
677:
676:
668:
662:
661:
651:
642:
641:
620:Blyth E (1867).
617:
611:
610:
608:
606:
601:
571:
546:Garhwal Himalaya
443:Dailekh district
311:
227:
209:
173:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
35:
26:Himalayan quail
23:
22:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3140:
3135:
3127:
3122:
3114:
3109:
3101:
3096:
3088:
3083:
3075:
3070:
3062:
3057:
3049:
3044:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3018:
3010:
3008:
3000:
2995:
2987:
2982:
2974:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2926:
2916:
2907:
2900:
2884:
2757:
2695:
2661:
2616:
2588:Polyplectronini
2582:
2541:
2479:
2399:
2375:
2320:
2215:Palaeocryptonyx
2165:Eurobambusicola
2120:
2107:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2051:
1975:
1955:
1908:
1853:
1836:
1829:
1817:
1789:
1748:
1717:
1669:
1608:
1574:
1513:
1465:
1430:Palaeoalectoris
1365:
1352:
1335:
1328:
1320:
1300:
1279:Sylviornithidae
1270:
1233:
1189:
1168:Gallinuloididae
1159:
1032:
1019:
981:
974:
927:
922:
921:
892:
888:
883:
879:
854:
850:
827:
823:
810:
806:
787:
783:
767:
766:
758:
754:
735:
731:
720:
716:
708:
697:
684:
680:
669:
665:
652:
645:
632:(11): 312–314.
618:
614:
604:
602:
572:
568:
563:
554:
527:
455:
439:sano kalo titra
393:
303:
301:
277:pheasant family
259:Himalayan quail
247:
243:
218:
211:
205:
192:
172:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
19:
18:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3133:
3120:
3107:
3094:
3081:
3068:
3055:
3042:
3029:
3016:
3006:
2993:
2980:
2967:
2952:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2851:
2844:
2841:Proagriocharis
2834:
2831:Palaealectoris
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2634:
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2435:Margaroperdix
2432:
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337:Earl of Derby
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296:
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290:
287:, north-west
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56:
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47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
2931:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2858:Rhegminornis
2856:
2846:
2839:
2829:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2786:Centrocercus
2784:
2777:
2770:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2724:Crossoptilon
2722:
2717:Chrysolophus
2715:
2708:
2688:
2683:Tetraophasis
2681:
2674:
2667:Lophophorini
2654:
2647:
2640:
2611:Polyplectron
2609:
2602:
2595:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2501:Campocolinus
2499:
2492:
2474:Tetraogallus
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2392:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2349:Melanoperdix
2347:
2340:
2333:
2313:
2305:Titanoperdix
2303:
2293:
2283:
2273:
2265:Rustaviornis
2263:
2253:
2243:
2235:Panraogallus
2233:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2025:Odontophorus
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1968:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1901:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1851:Phasianoidea
1803:Phasianoidea
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1741:
1734:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1662:
1654:Palaeonossax
1652:
1642:
1632:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1567:
1560:
1550:
1543:
1533:
1526:
1506:
1496:
1485:
1471:Megapodiidae
1458:
1450:Sobniogallus
1448:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1293:
1286:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1182:
1175:
1151:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1106:
1096:
1085:
1074:
1063:
1052:
1041:
1009:Galloanserae
1007:Superorder:
903:
899:
889:
880:
871:
865:
859:
851:
842:
838:
832:
824:
814:
807:
798:
794:
784:
764:. Liverpool.
761:
755:
746:
740:
732:
723:
717:
688:
681:
672:
666:
656:
629:
625:
615:
603:. Retrieved
589:
583:
577:
569:
555:
531:
528:
509:valley near
501:
494:
491:
486:
482:World Museum
477:
456:
438:
433:
430:
402:
373:
361:World Museum
348:
330:
327:
322:
319:
268:
263:
262:
258:
256:
248:
244:
240:
239:
206:
204:
188:
187:
168:
167:
42:World Museum
20:
15:
3175:Coturnicini
3059:iNaturalist
2956:Wikispecies
2879:Tympanuchus
2800:Falcipennis
2793:Dendragapus
2676:Lophophorus
2642:Chauvireria
2626:Phasianinae
2604:Haematortyx
2597:Galloperdix
2536:Scleroptila
2508:Francolinus
2494:Bambusicola
2405:Coturnicini
2335:Arborophila
2295:Shanxiornis
2275:Schaubortyx
2175:Lophogallus
2145:Centuriavis
2118:Phasianidae
2105:Phasianidae
2070:See below ↓
2061:Phasianidae
2046:Rhynchortyx
2011:Dactylortyx
1970:Ptilopachus
1812:See below ↓
1691:Chamaepetes
1675:Penelopinae
1644:Boreortalis
1580:Megapodiini
1545:Latagallina
1508:Ngawupodius
1487:Garrdimalga
1400:Bumbanortyx
1363:Galliformes
1350:Galliformes
1315:See below ↓
1306:Galliformes
1251:Ameripodius
1228:Xorazmortyx
1221:Scopelortyx
1098:Chambiortyx
1087:Austinornis
1054:Anisolornis
906:(4): 1–13.
874:(2): 32–33.
605:12 November
542:Uttarakhand
470:Edward Lear
412:Uttarakhand
299:Description
285:Uttarakhand
158:Coturnicini
148:Phasianidae
138:Galliformes
3159:Categories
3137:Xeno-canto
2779:Canachites
2763:Tetraonini
2752:Syrmaticus
2701:Phasianini
2577:Rheinardia
2563:Argusianus
2529:Peliperdix
2522:Ortygornis
2460:Pternistis
2421:Ammoperdix
2370:Xenoperdix
2356:Rhizothera
2342:Caloperdix
2326:Rollulinae
2255:Plioperdix
2245:Pliogallus
2225:Palaeortyx
2155:Diangallus
2018:Dendrortyx
1990:Callipepla
1736:Oreophasis
1705:Penelopina
1603:Megapodius
1528:Aepypodius
1519:Alecturini
1410:Linquornis
1295:Sylviornis
1142:Percolinus
1120:Gigantibis
1108:Coturnipes
1076:Argillipes
976:Genera of
845:: 361–362.
801:: 902–904.
749:: 474–475.
710:Frank Finn
561:References
488:A. O. Hume
384:Frank Finn
351:J.E.Gray (
333:J. E. Gray
2872:Tetrastes
2821:Meleagris
2745:Phasianus
2649:Ithaginis
2453:Perdicula
2414:Alectoris
2381:Pavoninae
2315:Tologuica
2195:Miogallus
2039:Philortyx
1879:Agelastes
1872:Acryllium
1863:Numididae
1777:Nothocrax
1569:Talegalla
1460:Taoperdix
1420:Namaortyx
1265:Taubacrex
1207:Paraortyx
1153:Tegulavis
1131:Litoripes
989:Kingdom:
770:cite book
534:Mussoorie
511:Rishikesh
416:Mussoorie
376:Mussoorie
365:Mussoorie
293:Mussoorie
281:Himalayas
183:Species:
175:Bonaparte
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
3124:Species+
3103:22679141
3077:10790051
3002:22679141
2997:BirdLife
2941:Wikidata
2848:Pucrasia
2690:Tragopan
2556:Afropavo
2547:Pavonini
2467:Synoicus
2446:Ophrysia
2428:Coturnix
2363:Rollulus
2205:Mioryaba
2135:Bantamyx
2032:Oreortyx
2004:Cyrtonyx
1940:Nanortyx
1903:Telecrex
1723:Cracinae
1698:Penelope
1618:Cracidae
1535:Alectura
1380:Amitabha
1214:Pirortyx
997:Chordata
995:Phylum:
991:Animalia
978:landfowl
835:, Gray)"
538:Nainital
525:Taxonomy
474:J E Gray
380:Nainital
233:Synonyms
215:Gray, JE
169:Ophrysia
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
3116:3596083
3051:2473657
3038:himqua1
3012:himqua1
2984:Avibase
2947:Q852146
2814:Lyrurus
2807:Lagopus
2731:Lophura
2710:Catreus
2485:Gallini
1997:Colinus
1950:Neortyx
1930:Miortyx
1886:Guttera
1754:Cracini
1743:Ortalis
1684:Aburria
1664:Procrax
1589:Eulipoa
1562:Progura
1440:Procrax
1013:Clade:
1001:Class:
515:ice age
453:Ecology
217:, 1846)
164:Genus:
154:Tribe:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
3170:Quails
3090:176057
2971:ARKive
2865:Tetrao
2772:Bonasa
2738:Perdix
2515:Gallus
1893:Numida
1712:Pipile
1552:Leipoa
1498:Mwalau
552:Status
518:relict
507:Ganges
323:Ophrys
177:, 1856
3072:IRMNG
3033:eBird
3025:74R2Q
3009:BOW:
2656:Lerwa
1784:Pauxi
459:Terai
447:Nepal
410:(now
289:India
273:quail
267:) or
3129:9296
3098:IUCN
3085:ITIS
3064:1251
3046:GBIF
2570:Pavo
1770:Mitu
1763:Crax
1003:Aves
776:link
626:Ibis
607:2021
590:2018
536:and
257:The
128:Aves
3020:CoL
908:doi
634:doi
594:doi
544:'s
476:'s
472:in
445:of
414:),
359:at
347:of
339:at
283:in
3161::
3139::
3126::
3113::
3100::
3087::
3074::
3061::
3048::
3035::
3022::
2999::
2986::
2973::
2958::
2943::
1123:"?
904:25
902:.
898:.
872:35
870:.
864:.
862:)"
843:16
841:.
837:.
799:50
797:.
793:.
772:}}
768:{{
745:.
743:)"
698:^
646:^
628:.
624:.
588:.
582:.
295:.
2854:†
2837:†
2827:†
2638:†
2443:?
2441:†
2311:†
2301:†
2291:†
2281:†
2271:†
2261:†
2251:†
2241:†
2231:†
2221:†
2211:†
2201:†
2191:†
2181:†
2171:†
2161:†
2151:†
2141:†
2131:†
1946:†
1936:†
1926:†
1899:†
1660:†
1650:†
1640:†
1630:†
1558:†
1541:†
1504:†
1494:†
1490:?
1483:†
1456:†
1446:†
1436:†
1426:†
1416:†
1406:†
1396:†
1386:†
1376:†
1276:†
1239:†
1195:†
1165:†
1156:?
1149:†
1145:?
1138:†
1134:?
1127:†
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1115:†
1111:?
1104:†
1094:†
1090:?
1083:†
1079:?
1072:†
1068:?
1061:†
1057:?
1050:†
969:e
962:t
955:v
916:.
910::
778:)
640:.
636::
630:3
609:.
596::
580:"
576:"
495:9
490:(
261:(
213:(
73:)
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