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also suggests a limit of 2,000 feet (610 m) and
Whittow states "Some authorities regard eminences above 600 m (1,969 ft) as mountains, those below being referred to as hills." Today, a mountain is usually defined in the UK and Ireland as any summit at least 2,000 feet or 610 meters
505:
or other position. They may also conceal forces behind them, allowing a force to lie in wait on the crest of a hill, using that crest for cover, and firing on unsuspecting attackers as they broach the hilltop. As a result, conventional military strategies often demand possession of high ground.
416:
Many settlements were originally built on hills, either to avoid floods (particularly if they were near a large body of water), for defense (since they offer a good view of the surrounding land and require would-be attackers to fight uphill), or to avoid densely forested areas. For example,
287:
Various names may be used to describe types of hills, based on appearance and method of formation. Many such names originated in one geographical region to describe a type of hill formation particular to that region, though the names are often adopted by
907:
922:
215:
is a small hill. Other words include knoll and (in
Scotland, Northern Ireland and northern England) its variant, knowe. Artificial hills may be referred to by a variety of technical names, including
797:
816:
501:
Hills provide important advantages to an army that controls their heights, giving them an elevated view and firing position and forcing an opposing army to charge uphill to attack a
451:), but others appear to have hardly any significance. In Britain, many churches at the tops of hills are thought to have been built on the sites of earlier pagan holy places. The
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down a hill. Contestants stand at the top and chase the wheel of cheese to the bottom. The winner, the one who catches the cheese, gets to keep the wheel of cheese as a prize.
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142:
1224:
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Some cities' hills are culturally significant in their foundation, defense, and history. In addition to Rome, hills have played a prominent role in the history of
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For a while, the US defined a mountain as being 1,000 feet (304.8 m) or more tall. Any similar landform lower than this height was considered a hill. The
1369:"Enhanced Cross Country Running Course Design: A Study of Historic and Recent Courses, Other Landscape-Based Sports, Athlete Psychology, and Course Elements"
721:
847:
891:
650:, although the terms mountain and hill are often used interchangeably in Britain. Hillwalking is popular in hilly areas such as the English
161:
defined mountainous areas (for the purposes of open access legislation) as areas above 600 meters (1,969 feet). Some definitions include a
673:
658:. Many hills are categorized according to relative height or other criteria and feature on lists named after mountaineers, such as
591:
is an enduring example of hilltop fortification. It was built on hilltops to help defend against invaders from the north, such as
158:
1130:
663:
66:, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as
670:" (or "Munro bagging") involve climbing hills on these lists with the aim of eventually climbing every hill on the list.
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Some settlements, particularly in the Middle East, are located on artificial hills consisting of debris (particularly
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or by erosion exposing solid rock which then weathers down into a hill). The rounded peaks of hills results from the
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Battles for the possession of high ground have often resulted in heavy casualties to both sides, such as the 1969
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Because of their strategic and tactical values, hills have been the site of many notable battles, such as the
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but only after suffering from heavy casualties inflicted by a much smaller force entrenched on the hill top.
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1328:
177:. In Wales, the distinction is more a term of land use and appearance and has nothing to do with height.
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39:
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are frequently referred to as "hills" no matter what their height, as reflected in names such as the
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requirement, typically 100 feet (30.5 m) or 500 feet (152.4 m). In practice, mountains in
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561:
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136:
Geographers historically regarded mountains as hills greater than 1,000 feet (304.8 meters) above
1459:
1031:
546:
514:
443:, many ancient monuments are sited in heaps. Some of these are defensive structures (such as the
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is unclear and largely subjective, but a hill is universally considered to be not as tall, or as
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195:, however, has concluded that these terms do not in fact have technical definitions in the US
691:
518:
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31:
17:
726:
878:
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342:– a rock formation found on a hilltop; also used to refer to the hill, especially in
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8:
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1043: – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes
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have tended to regard mountains as peaks 2,000 feet (610 m) above sea level. The
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1049: – Stone block made of one single piece; object made of one single rock piece
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courses may include hills which can add diversity and challenge to those courses.
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which involves the ascent of hills. The activity is usually distinguished from
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and civil engineering projects today famous as tourist attractions such as the
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432:) that has accumulated over many generations. Such a location is known as a "
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978: – Loose, unconsolidated sediments deposited at the base of a hillslope
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has followed this tradition and was built on the highest hill in that city.
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1011: – Town located at a higher elevation than the nearby plain or valley
990: – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water
320:– an isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, formed by
96:
806:
in Chile is a privileged place for astronomical observation, and home of
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1070: – Artificial heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris
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of larger landforms such as mountains and movement and deposition of
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that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct
1392:
1343:"Answers to the most popular questions about San Francisco's hills"
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882:
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in 52 BC and the first recorded military conflict in
Scotland, the
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1028: – Mound formed on a retreating glacier and deposited on land
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Wilson, Peter (2001). "Listing the Irish hills and mountains" in
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966: – Small hill that rises from the floor of an abyssal plain
314:– an elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action.
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The
Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain
1197:
at dictionary.reference.com. Accessed on 3 February 2013.
807:
353:
292:
and used in a wider geographical context. These include:
1123:
The
Mountains of England & Wales - Volume 2: England
1267:"What is the Difference Between a Mountain and a Hill?"
1063:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1036:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1020:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
998:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
646:
as it does not involve ropes or technically difficult
140:, which formed the basis of the plot of the 1995 film
1221:
What is a "Mountain"? Mynydd Graig Goch and all that…
1210:, Vol 34(1), University of Ulster, Coleraine, p. 89.
944:
332:– a rounded hill or low mountain, typical of
27:
Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain
901:, a mound sometimes casually referred to as a hill
377:– a mound of earth-covered ice found in the
1471:
984: – Geographic feature created by glaciation
517:in AD 83. Modern era conflicts include the 1775
1125:(3rd ed.). Milnthorpe, Cumbria: Cicerone.
70:. Hill comes in the category of slope places.
1460:Earth Sculpture; Or, The Origin of Land-forms
1231:at Metric Views. Accessed on 3 February 2013.
1408:. Government of Saskatchewan. Archived from
913:The archaeological hill of Qasr shamamk in
697:
1321:Archaeological landscapes of the near east
389:
1366:
1340:
877:An arrow pointing towards the top of the
825:is a prominent feature of the skyline of
494:British soldiers advancing uphill in the
666:(England). Specific activities such as "
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602:
489:
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404:
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109:
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77:
38:
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972: – Hill shaped like a human breast
425:, helping to protect it from invaders.
14:
1472:
1172:"A Mountain is a Mountain - isn't it?"
1166:
1164:
308:term for a hillside or brow of a hill.
280:covering the hill, a process known as
159:Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000
674:Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake
125:The distinction between a hill and a
43:The archaeological hill of Aliawa in
749:, Scotland (70 m (230 ft))
718:, Germany (120 m (390 ft))
712:, Germany (200 m (660 ft))
1161:
1147:"Survey turns hill into a mountain"
785:, Illinois (30 m (98 ft))
779:, England (30 m (100 ft))
773:, England (40 m (130 ft))
737:, Finland (91 m (299 ft))
731:, Sweden (100 m (330 ft))
598:
208:of up to 200 m (660 ft).
204:defined "hill" as an upland with a
24:
1341:Copperman, Amy (19 January 2023).
761:, Canada (45 m (148 ft))
741:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
684:which involves rolling a wheel of
25:
1496:
1453:
1121:Nuttall, John & Anne (2008).
1103:. London: Penguin, 2004, p. 352.
767:, China (45 m (148 ft))
755:, Italy (45 m (148 ft))
743:, China (76 m (249 ft))
1101:Dictionary of Physical Geography
1076: – Ancient settlement mound
947:
921:
906:
890:
870:
846:
834:
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157:high, while the UK government's
1424:
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1360:
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928:Hill upon which the village of
356:– used especially in the
193:United States Geological Survey
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1213:
1200:
1186:
1139:
1114:
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1061: – Medieval fortification
521:(which was actually fought on
73:
13:
1:
1149:. BBC News. 18 September 2008
1087:
1018: – English nursery rhyme
553:won the Americans control of
453:Washington National Cathedral
1406:"Blackstrap Provincial Park"
823:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
584:between India and Pakistan.
527:American War of Independence
7:
1465:The International Geography
940:
541:, the turning point of the
10:
1501:
1436:Telescopes and Instruments
1432:"The Very Large Telescope"
1367:Lancaster, Audrey (2011).
789:
701:
676:is an annual event in the
29:
1292:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
1082: – Cubic plane curve
853:A coffee plantation on a
201:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
153:Oxford English Dictionary
698:Notable artificial hills
562:Battle of Hamburger Hill
163:topographical prominence
1393:Helsingin karttapalvelu
1308:Random House Dictionary
1055: – Type of habitat
1034: – Children's game
996: – Region of Texas
547:Battle of San Juan Hill
515:Battle of Mons Graupius
390:Historical significance
237:Hills may form through
1099:Whittow, John (1984).
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612:
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234:
188:
122:
107:
93:
51:
1227:30 March 2013 at the
692:Cross country running
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519:Battle of Bunker Hill
496:Battle of Bunker Hill
493:
486:Military significance
408:
398:Clouds over hills in
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229:
183:
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81:
42:
32:Hill (disambiguation)
879:Malminkartanonhuippu
735:Malminkartanonhuippu
570:Battle of Stalingrad
551:Spanish–American War
539:Battle of Gettysburg
423:built on seven hills
30:For other uses, see
930:Saint-Paul-de-Vence
759:Blackstrap Ski Hill
638:term for a form of
589:Great Wall of China
400:Steptoe, Washington
1269:. www.wisegeek.com
1174:. www.go4awalk.com
1005: – Small hill
970:Breast-shaped hill
656:Scottish Highlands
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543:American Civil War
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344:South West England
235:
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1319:Wilkinson, T.J.
1310:at dictionary.com
1132:978-1-85284-037-2
897:An ant mound, or
747:Five Sisters Bing
574:Battle of Peleliu
470:being central to
16:(Redirected from
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599:Sports and games
555:Santiago de Cuba
511:Battle of Alesia
457:Washington, D.C.
364:, to describe a
306:North of England
49:Kurdistan Region
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1412:on 10 June 2010
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1242:"Rolling Hills"
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1229:Wayback Machine
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1208:Irish Geography
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810:'s telescopes.
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722:Kvarntorpshögen
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662:(Scotland) and
636:British English
607:Hillwalkers on
601:
580:, and the 1969
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441:Northern Europe
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206:relative height
146:. In contrast,
133:as a mountain.
101:Chocolate Hills
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702:Main article:
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627:that has hills
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480:Lombard Street
472:the city's fog
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334:Central Europe
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282:downhill creep
184:Rolling Hills
175:Torridon Hills
173:Hills and the
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1440:. Retrieved
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1414:. Retrieved
1410:the original
1400:
1395:(in Finnish)
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1346:
1336:
1331:, 2003, 226.
1320:
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1271:. Retrieved
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1245:
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1193:
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1176:. Retrieved
1151:. Retrieved
1141:
1122:
1116:
1100:
1095:
1009:Hill station
994:Hill Country
964:Abyssal hill
855:conical hill
771:Silbury Hill
753:Monte Stella
690:
678:West Country
672:
668:peak bagging
630:
586:
578:World War II
559:
549:in the 1898
537:in the 1863
523:Breed's Hill
508:
500:
461:
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427:
419:Ancient Rome
415:
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286:
272:movement of
236:
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1416:19 February
1251:12 December
1246:www.eso.org
783:Monks Mound
725: [
710:Sophienhöhe
664:Wainwrights
632:Hillwalking
621:golf course
609:Beinn Dearg
566:Vietnam War
564:during the
535:Culp's Hill
148:hillwalkers
105:Philippines
74:Terminology
1474:Categories
1378:13 October
1273:3 February
1178:3 February
1153:3 February
1088:References
885:, Finland.
863:Costa Rica
611:, Scotland
582:Kargil War
476:cable cars
383:Antarctica
322:weathering
290:geologists
239:geomorphic
83:Puijo Hill
1442:10 August
976:Colluvium
525:) in the
468:its hills
445:hillforts
430:mudbricks
270:diffusive
260:(notably
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138:sea level
114:Hills in
68:mountains
1352:12 April
1225:Archived
1194:mountain
1047:Monolith
941:See also
899:ant-hill
883:Helsinki
881:hill in
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654:and the
449:Iron Age
409:Hill in
369:volcanic
358:Auvergne
346:and the
278:regolith
266:drumlins
262:moraines
258:glaciers
254:sediment
246:faulting
167:Scotland
127:mountain
60:landform
1290:at the
1003:Hillock
790:Gallery
682:England
625:England
593:Mongols
576:during
466:, with
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366:conical
312:Drumlin
250:erosion
221:tumulus
213:hillock
186:Paranal
171:Cuillin
116:Tuscany
103:of the
91:Finland
1347:SFGATE
1325:Tucson
1129:
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686:cheese
660:Munros
640:hiking
568:, the
545:. The
529:; and
411:Mysore
379:Arctic
362:France
304:, and
302:Ulster
87:Kuopio
64:summit
1480:Hills
1438:. ESO
1304:Knowe
1068:Mound
1059:Motte
915:Erbil
859:OrosĂ
857:near
729:]
704:Mound
634:is a
375:Pingo
371:hill.
329:Kuppe
318:Butte
298:Scots
217:mound
131:steep
120:Italy
58:is a
45:Erbil
18:Hills
1444:2011
1418:2011
1380:2022
1354:2023
1288:Hill
1275:2013
1253:2016
1180:2013
1155:2013
1127:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1074:Tell
1053:Moor
1041:Mesa
1026:Kame
988:Dune
587:The
572:and
533:and
503:fort
478:and
434:tell
421:was
381:and
276:and
274:soil
264:and
219:and
198:The
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808:ESO
680:of
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482:.
455:in
439:In
436:".
354:Puy
340:Tor
256:by
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