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small-scale miners, the construction sector and the tourism sector with the preservation of the
Chocolate Hills. Even with their protected status, mining permits continue to be granted by DENR and local government units. Hence, mining and quarrying are still taking place. Because of this, the provincial government of Bohol has requested jurisdiction over the Chocolate Hills from the DENR. Meanwhile, the provincial government has suggested that the legislation defining the
31:
499:; limestone covered blocks created by the destruction of an active volcano in a cataclysmic eruption; and tidal movements. The lack of any exposed or associated volcanic rocks in the Chocolate Hills refutes the popular theories involving volcanic eruptions. The theories involving either a sudden, massive geologic shift, coral reefs being erupted from the sea, or tidal movements lack any corroborating evidence and support among geologists.
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while those that could be developed would be excluded from the national monument area and classified as alienable and disposable by the government. The president initially decided on the issue during the joint meeting of the
Regional Development Council-Regional Peace and Order Council of Region VII which was conducted at the Bohol Tropics Resort.
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on July 17, 2002. This amendment allowed the tracts of land surrounding and within the famous tourist spot to be developed by the provincial government and other entities that have control over the area. Further, the amended proclamation ensures that the areas that have to be preserved are preserved,
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The flatlands of Carmen were once a playground for giant children. One day they initiated a contest on who can bake the most mud cakes, gathering mud and "baking" them under coconut half shells flat on the ground. Before the contest could end, however, the children were called home. After a while,
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should be changed, which will require that the proclamation be redrafted and ratified by both the
Philippine House and Senate. This is a cumbersome and costly process, on which no progress has been made to date. Future development and investment challenges within the Chocolate Hills area include:
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There were once two giants, each dwelling in the northern and southern edges of the island. During a rainy day when the ground became muddy, a hostile encounter between them prompted the worried people to vacate to other parts of the island, and the giant from the north instigated a mud throwing
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The
National Committee on Geological Sciences declared the Chocolate Hills of Bohol a National Geological Monument on June 18, 1988, in recognition of its special characteristics, scientific importance, uniqueness, and high scenic value. As such, this included the Chocolate Hills among the
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Being alienable and disposable lands, the
Chocolate Hills are seen as quarrying assets and source of income for small-scale miners, as well as quarry materials for the province's construction projects. The challenge is how the national and local officials can harmonize the current needs of
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and seal to symbolize the abundance of natural attractions in the province. They are in the
Philippine Tourism Authority's list of tourist destinations in the Philippines; they have been declared the country's third National Geological Monument and proposed for inclusion in the
680:, known as the Chocolate Hills Command. To some farmers, the proclamation is a government scheme which suppresses their right to own lands. As such, conflicts between the New People's Army group and government military forces escalated, culminating in two major engagements.
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entitled "an act declaring the
Chocolate Hills as national patrimony and geological monuments, penalizing their plunder, destruction or defacement, and for other purposes." The house bill was authored by Congressman Eladio "Boy" Jala and co-authored by Congressman
357:. The domes vary in size from 30 to 50 metres (98 to 164 ft) high with the largest being 120 metres (390 ft) in height. One of Bohol's best known tourist attractions, these unique mound-shaped hills are scattered by the hundreds throughout the towns of
491:
The origin for the conical karst of the
Chocolate Hills is described in popular terms on the bronze plaque at the viewing deck in Carmen, Bohol. This plaque states that they are eroded formations of a type of marine limestone that sits on top of hardened clay.
294:. There are at least 1,260 hills, but there may be as many as 1,776 hills spread over an area of more than 50 square kilometers (20 sq mi). They are covered in green grass that turns into a chocolate-like brown during the dry season, hence the name.
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obtaining the national government's sanction for the project; persuading landowners to sell; convincing the
Protected Areas Management Board, which has jurisdiction over the hills, not to use its veto power over any investment requiring physical facilities.
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A young and powerful giant named Arogo once fell in love with a human named Aloya, and lived together for sometime until Aloya became ill and died. Arogo mourned, and his tears fell to the ground culminating into mounds that would later become the hills.
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in funding for the repair work, and restored the viewing deck and the surrounding facilities, including the pathways, parking space, water features, trellis, stairs, ramps, food court, museum, activity center, lamp posts, signages and landscaping works.
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Balancing their protection, resource utilization and tourism are the challenges faced by the
Chocolate Hills. Before they were designated national geological monuments, some of the hills (about 310,455 ha (1,200 sq miles)) were classified as
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fight. After a while, the battle climaxed into a fist-fight between the giants and ended with both knocking each other to the ground, and both died. What was left of the mud thrown that fell on the ground became the hills.
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as a natural monument to protect and maintain its natural beauty and to provide restraining mechanisms for inappropriate exploitation. As such, they are covered under the National Integrated Protected Areas System with the
539:
Two of the hills have been developed into tourist resorts. The main viewing point of the Chocolate Hills is the government-owned Chocolate Hills Complex in Carmen, about 55 km (34 miles) from the capital
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and disposable or private lands such that they were titled to some locals. The declaration consequently caused some social unrest, resulting in almost simultaneous civil uprising, led by the long-established
472:. These conical hills are geomorphological features called cockpit karst, which were created by a combination of the dissolution of limestone by rainfall, surface water, and groundwater, and their subaerial
353:-shaped hills—mounds of a generally conical and almost symmetrical shape. With an estimated 1,268 to 1,776 individual mounds, these cone-shaped or dome-shaped hills are actually made of grass-covered
488:
processes. These hills are separated by well developed flat plains and contain numerous caves and springs. The Chocolate Hills are considered to be a remarkable example of conical karst topography.
696:. In response Congress launched inquiries which led to the resort being built despite the hills' protected status and the subsequent suspension of local officials including Bohol governor
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and ferns also grow on them. In between the hills, the flat lands are cultivated with rice and other cash crops. However, the natural vegetation on the Chocolate Hills is now
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Self-published, popular web pages present a variety of fanciful and less credible explanations about how these hills formed. They include sub-oceanic
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they returned to the area to witness their finished creations, and left them undisturbed out of admiration - the baked cakes thus became the hills.
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dated September 26, 1994, declaring the land around or in between Chocolate Hills as no longer part of the national monument during the
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on July 1, 1997, which established the Chocolate Hills and the areas within, around, and surrounding them located in the municipalities of
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132:
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This legend may also have been a local derivation of the larger precolonial Visayan creation myth of the Philippine islands.
1655:
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1159:, 5.7 MB PDF version. The CCOP-Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia.
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735:. Due to the earthquake, a portion of one of the hills gave way and the Chocolate Hills' viewing deck was destroyed.
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1917:
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389:, the grass-covered hills dry up and turn chocolate brown. The vegetation is dominated by grass species such as
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Outside of Bohol, similar karst hill ranges are found elsewhere throughout the Philippines in the interiors of
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The Chocolate Hills inspired many legends, most of which revolve around their formation and figures of giants.
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1576:"NDRRMC Situation Report on the effects of the Earthquake in Bohol, October 30, 2013 (6:00 a.m.)"
610:
1802:
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728:
338:
249:
219:
1283:
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Reconnaissance groundwater appraisal of Bohol Island, Philippines, by satellite data analysis.
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Bills have been filed aiming to strengthen protection of the hills. On July 6, 2004, the
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720:
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1168:
321:
Locator map of the Chocolate Hills. Greatest concentration of the hills (dark brown) are in
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for inclusion in the list of Natural Monuments because of its outstanding universal value:
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8:
1981:
1532:"Bohol resort draws flak due to its proximity to Unesco Heritage Geopark Chocolate Hills"
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810:
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In October 2018, the Provincial Development Council’s (PDC) Executive Committee proposed
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391:
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239:
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RSC Series no. 38. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
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On April 30, 2024, two of the hills were burned in a grassfire in Carmen after Bohol's
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Zur geologie und morphologie der straandterrassen von Cebu und Bohol Philippinen.
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544:. The other main point to view the Chocolate Hills is at Sagbayan Peak, in
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Policy and practice in karst landscape protection: Bohol, the Philippines.
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Protection of Karst in the Philippines (Varstvo Krasa na Filipinih).
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456:. These limestones contain the abundant fossils of shallow marine
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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The Official Government Portal of the Republic of the Philippines
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1108:, 788 KB PDF version. Acta Carsologica. v. 35, no. 2, p. 121-130.
832:
473:
1791:
1628:"Bohol needs P198-M for Choco Hills view deck, facilities rehab"
350:
1314:
Bohol Island Hotels Travel Guide. Retrieved November 15, 2006.
995:"Chocolate Hills of Bohol: A Natural Wonder of the Philippines"
871:
646:
645:
On May 16, 2006, the DENR submitted the Chocolate Hills to the
477:
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Historical marker explaining the geologic evolution of the area
413:
303:
46:
1803:"Guv issues orders to protect Choco Hills, aid brgy workers",
676:(generally described as Maoist guerrillas) establishing a new
2111:
1565:. USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Retrieved October 15, 2013
840:
824:
548:, 18 km (11 miles) away from the Complex in neighboring
469:
461:
441:
287:
255:
2074:
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Adriatico, Abigail; Villanueva, Angelica (March 13, 2024).
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603:(DENR) as the lead implementing agency for its protection.
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country's protected areas. More protection was provided by
965:
UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved November 14, 2006.
1467:"Bohol Philippines - Splendour Underwater And Over Hills"
1095:
Restificar, S. D. F., M. J. Day, and P. B. Urlich, 2006,
1082:
Travaglia, C., R. Peebles, E. Bate, and A. Ferrer, 1987,
1178:
www.philippinesvacation.org Retrieved November 15, 2006.
1780:
UNESCO World Heritage: Chocolate Hills Natural Monument
1602:"Chocolate Hills Destroyed by 7.2 Magnitude Earthquake"
2119:(Batad, Bangaan, Hungduan, Mayoyao Central, Nagacadan)
1846:
1139:
The Geographical Journal. v. 167, no. 4, pp. 305-323.
804:
692:
A resort was seen built between the Chocolate Hills,
1265:
library.thinkquest.org. Retrieved December 22, 2006
1197:
www.philippines.hvu.nl. Retrieved November 15, 2006.
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1089:
1580:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
1529:
1398:"GMA seeks development of parts of Chocolate Hills"
1329:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
975:
Bohol: The Jewel Paradise of the Philippine Islands
918:
Seven Natural Wonders. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
1070:Berliner geographische Studien. v. 25, p. 363–376.
2204:World Heritage Tentative List for the Philippines
1111:
1078:
1076:
2184:National geological monuments of the Philippines
2165:
2148:Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park
452:, thin to medium bedded, sandy to rubbly marine
333:while lesser concentration (light brown) are in
1520:www.newsflash.org. Retrieved November 14, 2006.
1501:www.neda7.net.ph. Retrieved November 17, 2006.
1148:Leman, S. L., A, Reedman, and C. S. Pei, 2008,
1142:
1126:Urlich, P. B., M. J. Day, and F. Lynagh, 2001,
1035:www.dotpcvc.gov.ph Retrieved November 15, 2006.
601:Department of Environment and Natural Resources
284:Mga Tsokolateng Burol or Mga Burol na Tsokolate
1317:
1073:
349:The Chocolate Hills form a rolling terrain of
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1832:
1656:"Grass fire razes portion of Chocolate Hills"
1441:"The Official Website of The Bohol Chronicle"
1216:www.tambuli.com. Retrieved November 15, 2006.
1062:
1060:
937:www.bohol.gov.ph Retrieved November 15, 2006.
786:
103:
1277:
1054:www.pnh.com.ph. Retrieved November 14, 2006.
774:
642:. Though this has not been passed into law.
2117:Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
1372:House of Representatives of the Philippines
1282:. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from
1227:"Move over Boracay: Panglao Island beckons"
2067:
2053:
1839:
1825:
1703:"The Myth of Famous Bohol Chocolate Hills"
1700:
1435:
1433:
1362:
1360:
1057:
984:www.bohol.net Retrieved November 15, 2006.
857:List of protected areas of the Philippines
2143:Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary
1691:www.bohol.ph. Retrieved November 14, 2006
1556:"M7.1 – 2km NE of Catigbian, Philippines"
1390:
727:) on October 15, 2013. The center of the
532:Chocolate Hills viewed from Sagbayan Peak
1625:
1504:
1469:. TravelOnline Inc. 2000. Archived from
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949:
947:
945:
943:
708:
431:
423:
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316:
2076:World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
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1357:
1273:
1271:
1219:
1150:Geoheritage of East and Southeast Asia.
899:Global Eye Retrieved December 22, 2006.
169:
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16:Geological formation in the Philippines
2166:
1626:Valencia, Angeline (October 8, 2018).
902:
2048:
1820:
1653:
1599:
1511:Toontown comes to Bohol's Nature Park
1331:. Manila, Philippines. July 1, 1997.
1169:Chocolate Hills: Philippines Vacation
940:
2194:Natural monuments of the Philippines
1865:Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring
1443:. Boholchronicle.com. Archived from
1280:"Sagbayan Peak: A View from the Top"
1268:
286:) are a geological formation in the
2090:Baroque Churches of the Philippines
1335:from the original on April 28, 2021
627:Philippine House of Representatives
444:hills. These hills consist of Late
13:
2035:Protected areas of the Philippines
1932:Protected landscapes and seascapes
1794:Chocolate hills travel information
883:
805:Karst hill ranges outside of Bohol
766:
758:reached 41 °C (106 °F).
694:sparking controversy in March 2024
662:Chocolate Hills resort controversy
244:Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene
35:Aerial view of the Chocolate Hills
14:
2215:
1997:Alijawan-Cansuhay-Anibongan River
1773:
484:above sea level and fractured by
2126:
1975:Game refuge and bird sanctuaries
1600:Angel, Dark (October 17, 2013).
1418:
1374:. March 23, 2006. Archived from
1345:
1325:"Proclamation No. 1037, s. 1997"
956:Chocolate Hills Natural Monument
723:struck the island at 8:12 a.m. (
721:largest earthquakes to hit Bohol
525:
518:Tourists at the Carmen view deck
511:
440:The Chocolate Hills are conical
168:
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138:
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29:
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1404:. July 17, 2002. Archived from
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1200:
1181:
1368:"History of Bill; NO. HB01147"
1019:
987:
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921:
560:
312:
1:
1701:Athena Mae (April 17, 2018).
877:
827:, along the western coast of
761:
749:
555:
372:
2199:Tourist attractions in Bohol
1654:Perez, Annie (May 1, 2024).
795:
703:
7:
1785:
1516:September 27, 2007, at the
1256:Bohol God's little Paradise
850:
10:
2220:
1497:February 26, 2007, at the
1310:September 3, 2006, at the
1261:December 21, 2006, at the
1031:November 17, 2006, at the
1011:: CS1 maint: url-status (
961:February 10, 2021, at the
831:, the northwestern tip of
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787:Romance of Arogo and Aloya
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2009:
1991:Watershed forest reserves
1990:
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1757:www.bohol-philippines.com
1753:"Chocolate Hills Legends"
1732:www.bohol-philippines.com
1728:"Chocolate Hills Legends"
1687:December 6, 2006, at the
1193:January 15, 2007, at the
895:December 8, 2006, at the
775:Battle between two giants
698:Erico Aristotle Aumentado
655:
419:
297:They are featured in the
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233:
192:
124:
119:
99:
94:
55:
45:
40:
28:
23:
2179:Hills of the Philippines
1305:Bohol Island Sightseeing
1174:January 7, 2007, at the
731:7.2 earthquake was near
613:to sign an amendment to
276:Mga Bungtod sa Tsokolate
105:Mga Bungtod sa Tsokolate
51:120 m (390 ft)
1938:Alburquerque-Loay-Loboc
1881:Balinsasayao Twin Lakes
1135:March 11, 2016, at the
1104:April 28, 2021, at the
928:The Bohol Flag and Seal
611:Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
381:Vegetation on the hills
283:
275:
182:Show map of Philippines
104:
2112:Historic Town of Vigan
2021:Caniago Strait Islands
1633:Philippine News Agency
1492:CV gh Context of PA 21
1212:March 6, 2007, at the
1155:July 19, 2011, at the
1045:Bohol Island Herbarium
933:April 8, 2007, at the
914:April 9, 2015, at the
890:Eye on the Philippines
437:
429:
382:
346:
1408:on September 27, 2007
980:May 12, 2006, at the
715:2013 Bohol earthquake
709:2013 Bohol earthquake
568:Proclamation No. 1037
436:Chocolate Hills, 1938
435:
427:
380:
320:
1911:Protected landscapes
1286:on November 10, 2005
1237:on December 17, 2004
1050:May 8, 2006, at the
839:comprising southern
631:House Bill No. 01147
570:signed by President
480:after they had been
2024:Cebu Strait Islands
1954:Protected seascapes
1847:Protected areas in
1798:The Chocolate Hills
1682:The Chocolate Hills
1447:on December 7, 2008
1066:Hillmer, G., 1987,
811:List of karst areas
619:Sandugo celebration
609:prompted President
392:Imperata cylindrica
152:Show map of Visayas
75: /
2174:Landforms of Bohol
1561:2014-02-17 at the
1278:Chito A. Fuentes.
862:Breast-shaped hill
438:
430:
383:
347:
41:Highest point
2189:Visayan landmarks
2161:
2160:
2042:
2041:
1895:Natural monuments
1812:House Bill 001147
1805:Bohol Sunday Post
1473:on March 31, 2007
1378:on March 28, 2006
674:New People's Army
607:Land-use conflict
264:
263:
79:9.917°N 124.167°E
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2130:
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2010:Wilderness areas
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1233:. Archived from
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686:Natural Monument
615:Proclamation 468
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290:province of the
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2027:
2017:Bantayan Island
2005:
1986:
1970:
1949:
1946:Talibon Islands
1927:
1906:
1902:Chocolate Hills
1890:
1869:
1851:
1849:Central Visayas
1845:
1792:Chocolate Hills
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1689:Wayback Machine
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1606:Philippine News
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1563:Wayback Machine
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1966:Tañon Strait
1918:Central Cebu
1901:
1804:
1760:. Retrieved
1756:
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1735:. Retrieved
1731:
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1706:
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1659:
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1579:
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1535:
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1471:the original
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1376:the original
1371:
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1328:
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1230:
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640:Edgar Chatto
630:
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458:foraminifera
439:
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267:
265:
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2102:Santa Maria
2094:San Agustin
2001:Loboc River
1477:October 13,
1451:October 13,
1290:October 14,
1241:October 14,
743:200 million
719:One of the
636:Roilo Golez
629:introduced
561:Legislation
450:Pleistocene
416:activities.
385:During the
313:Description
292:Philippines
240:Age of rock
100:Native name
82: /
57:Coordinates
2168:Categories
1942:Apo Island
1807:, 06/11/06
878:References
867:Kegelkarst
809:See also:
762:In culture
756:heat index
750:Grassfires
660:See also:
556:Protection
542:Tagbilaran
410:threatened
405:Compositae
402:. Several
400:spontaneum
387:dry season
373:Vegetation
259:hill range
193:Settlement
1541:March 13,
796:Mud cakes
704:Disasters
669:alienable
497:volcanism
454:limestone
448:to Early
414:quarrying
398:Saccharum
355:limestone
120:Geography
47:Elevation
2083:Cultural
1786:Articles
1762:June 15,
1737:June 15,
1712:June 15,
1685:Archived
1559:Archived
1514:Archived
1495:Archived
1333:Archived
1308:Archived
1259:Archived
1231:inq7.net
1210:Archived
1191:Archived
1172:Archived
1153:Archived
1133:Archived
1102:Archived
1048:Archived
1029:Archived
1007:cite web
999:suroy.ph
978:Archived
959:Archived
931:Archived
912:Archived
893:Archived
851:See also
845:Sorsogon
829:Guimaras
817:Siquijor
592:Valencia
584:Sagbayan
546:Sagbayan
486:tectonic
482:uplifted
466:mollusks
446:Pliocene
367:Sagbayan
343:Valencia
323:Sagbayan
280:Filipino
254:Conical
225:Valencia
200:Sagbayan
70:124°10′E
2136:Natural
1707:Steemit
1661:ABS-CBN
833:Masbate
503:Tourism
478:streams
474:erosion
351:haycock
272:Cebuano
234:Geology
112:Cebuano
2106:Miagao
1667:May 1,
1412:May 4,
1382:May 4,
1339:May 4,
872:Mogote
656:Issues
647:UNESCO
580:Batuan
576:Carmen
550:Carmen
468:, and
420:Origin
363:Batuan
359:Carmen
341:, and
331:Carmen
329:, and
327:Batuan
309:List.
304:UNESCO
210:Carmen
205:Batuan
108:
95:Naming
67:9°55′N
2098:Paoay
1207:Bohol
1188:Bohol
1026:Bohol
841:Albay
825:Leyte
678:front
588:Bilar
470:algae
462:coral
442:karst
335:Bilar
288:Bohol
256:karst
215:Bilar
1764:2023
1739:2023
1714:2023
1669:2024
1641:2023
1613:2023
1587:2023
1543:2024
1479:2008
1453:2008
1414:2020
1384:2020
1341:2020
1292:2008
1243:2008
1013:link
821:Cebu
819:and
638:and
594:and
395:and
365:and
266:The
725:PHT
476:by
412:by
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