582:
762:
54:
910:
193:
163:
214:
150:
137:
699:
176:
886:
radios still playing. Bodies were scattered along the road. Many have asked how many people died during the war with Iraq, and the question has never been well answered. That first morning, I saw and photographed a U.S. military "graves detail" burying many bodies in large graves. I don't recall seeing many television images of these human consequences. Nor do I remember many photographs of these casualties being published.
641:
attacked the convoy using a variety of weapons. Vehicles surviving the air attacks were later engaged by arriving coalition ground units, while most of the vehicles that managed to evade the traffic jam and continued to drive on the road north were targeted individually. The road bottle-neck near the
899:
The pictures were among the most stunning to come out of the gulf war: mile after mile of burned, smashed, shattered vehicles of every description—tanks, armored cars, trucks, autos, even stolen
Kuwaiti fire trucks—littering the highway from Kuwait City to Basra. To some Americans, the pictures were
663:
reported seeing "scores" of dead soldiers "in and around the vehicles, mangled and bloated in the drifting desert sands." A 2003 study by the
Project on Defense Alternatives (PDA) estimated fewer than 10,000 people rode in the cut-off main caravan, and when the bombing started most simply left their
1139:
fighters based in Qatar were only equipped with air-to-air missiles, as their role was to provide rear area combat air patrols. However, upon hearing from allied pilots that there was a massive 'turkey shoot' taking place in Kuwait, unofficial arrangements were made to equip the
Canadians with U.S.
885:
when the ground war began and arrived at the "mile of death" very early in the morning on the day the war stopped. Few other journalists were there when I arrived at this incredible scene, with carnage that was strewn all over. On this mile stretch were cars and trucks with wheels still turning and
553:
aircraft and ground forces attacked retreating Iraqi military personnel attempting to leave Kuwait on the night of
February 26–27, 1991, resulting in the destruction of hundreds of vehicles and the deaths of many of their occupants. Between 1,400 and 2,000 vehicles were hit or abandoned on the main
847:
The first reason why we bombed the highway coming north out of Kuwait is because there was a great deal of military equipment on that highway, and I had given orders to all my commanders that I wanted every piece of Iraqi equipment that we possibly could destroy. Secondly, this was not a bunch of
744:
PDA estimated the number killed there to be in the range of 300–400 or more, bringing the likely total number of fatalities along both highways to at least 800 or 1,000. A large column composed of remnants of the
Hammurabi Division attempting to withdraw to safety in
664:
vehicles to escape through the desert or into the nearby swamps where some died from their wounds and some were later taken prisoner. According to PDA, the often repeated low estimate of the numbers killed in the attack is 200–300 reported by journalist
848:
innocent people just trying to make their way back across the border to Iraq. This was a bunch of rapists, murderers and thugs who had raped and pillaged downtown Kuwait City and now were trying to get out of the country before they were caught.
646:
police station was reduced to a long uninterrupted line of more than 300 stuck and abandoned vehicles sometimes called the Mile of Death. The wreckage found on the highway consisted of at least 28 tanks and other armored vehicles with many more
992:, a similarly bombarded road in the fictional middle-eastern country of Urzikstan is named the Highway of Death. In this instance the attack is carried out by Russian forces, which led to accusations against the game of historical revisionism.
900:
also sickening. After the war, correspondents did find some cars and trucks with burned bodies, but also many vehicles that had been abandoned. Their occupants had fled on foot, and the
American planes often did not fire at them.
658:
said he "lost count of the Iraqi corpses crammed into the smoldering wreckage or slumped face down in the sand" at the main site and saw hundreds of corpses strewn up the road all the way to the Iraqi border. American journalist
820:
opened fire on a large group of more than 350 disarmed Iraqi soldiers who had surrendered at a makeshift military checkpoint after fleeing the devastation on
Highway 8 on February 27, apparently hitting some or all of them. The
864:
and that actual enemy casualties were low. Further, opinion surveys showed that
American support for the war was largely unaffected by the images. (Arab and Muslim public opinion was, of course, another matter, about which
741:. Hundreds of predominantly military Iraqi vehicles grouped in defensive formations of approximately a dozen vehicles were then systematically destroyed along a 50-mile stretch of the highway and nearby desert.
729:
were trying to either redeploy or escape on and near
Highway 8, the continuation of Highway 80 in Iraq. They were engaged over a much larger area in smaller groups by U.S. artillery units and a battalion of
773:
The attacks were controversial, with some commentators arguing that they represented disproportionate use of force, saying that the Iraqi forces were retreating from Kuwait in compliance with the original
1107:
Air attacks inflicted heavy casualties on retreating forces along what became known as 'the highway of death.' American, British, and French units pursued the Iraqis to within 150 miles of
Baghdad.
681:
There were hundreds of cars destroyed, soldiers screaming. It was nighttime as the bombs fell, lighting up charred cars, bodies on the side of the road and soldiers sprawled on the ground, hit by
765:
Abandoned vehicles clog the Basra–Kuwait highway out of Kuwait City after the retreat of Iraqi forces. A view from top of an Iraqi tank on February 26, 1991. The car in the centre is a
1659:
829:
criticized Hersh's article, saying that he offered "no real proof at all that such charges—which were aired, investigated and then dismissed by the military after the war—are true."
1194:
The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts
1156:
749:
were also engaged and obliterated deep inside Iraqi territory by Gen. McCaffrey's forces a few days later on March 2, in a post-war "turkey shoot"-style incident known as
1724:
2105:
561:
The scenes of devastation on the road are some of the most recognizable images of the war, and it has been suggested that they were a factor in President
817:
2181:
1527:
825:
personnel who were manning the checkpoint claimed they too were fired on from the same vehicles and barely fled by car during the incident. Journalist
90:
822:
1733:
418:
1886:
1870:
988:
775:
277:
1383:
1801:
786:-aligned Palestinian militants and Kuwaiti collaborators who had fled shortly before the returning Kuwaiti authorities pressured nearly
1443:
WAR CRIMES: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq to the Commission of Inquiry for the International War Crimes Tribunal
1317:
803:
WAR CRIMES: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq to the Commission of Inquiry for the International War Crimes Tribunal
1166:
2186:
1785:
573:
estimated that upwards of 70,000 to 80,000 troops from defeated divisions in Kuwait might have fled into Basra, evading capture.
581:
761:
458:
2226:
2206:
1202:
1128:
1092:
833:
2085:
1780:
1041:
711:
384:
1721:
1687:
2201:
1906:
801:, Common Article 3, which outlaws the killing of soldiers who "are out of combat." Clark included it in his 1991 report
1760:
1040:– At the end of this battle, U.S. and Iraqi forces performed a similar large-scale bombing campaign against retreating
1022:
360:
355:
270:
1531:
1411:
1350:
853:
787:
783:
1896:
782:
and civilian refugees. The refugees were reported to have included women and children family members of pro-Iraqi,
685:
as they tried to escape from their vehicles. I saw hundreds of soldiers like this, but my main target was to reach
565:'s decision to declare a cessation of hostilities the next day. Many Iraqi forces successfully escaped across the
2211:
2000:
723:
379:
2046:
1136:
791:
1464:
1442:
2134:
1957:
1161:
860:
Postwar studies found that most of the wrecks on the Basra roadway had been abandoned by Iraqis before being
411:
263:
1535:
2216:
1076:
1660:"Call of Duty: Modern Warfare accused of "rewriting history" to blame Russia for controversial US attacks"
2221:
1967:
1947:
570:
448:
433:
1688:"'Call of Duty: Modern Warfare' rewrites The Highway Of Death as a Russian Attack, rather than American"
1837:
1322:
668:(who personally counted 37 bodies), but a minimum death toll of at least 500–600 seems more plausible.
598:
531:
319:
2110:
2041:
2015:
2010:
1891:
1491:
1037:
53:
1589:
1256:
2196:
2150:
2062:
2020:
1982:
1218:
813:
621:
began in earnest, setting up targets for subsequent airstrikes. Over the next ten hours, scores of
602:
475:
404:
1393:
1289:
2176:
2118:
1927:
1855:
798:
735:
626:
338:
309:
2191:
2155:
2070:
1952:
1753:
1566:
1222:
840:
719:
665:
438:
19:
This article is about the road between Kuwait and Basra. For the Road of Death in Bolivia, see
1192:
1992:
1932:
1860:
1806:
1068:
546:
539:
428:
372:
304:
2080:
1942:
1937:
1616:
1561:
1027:
909:
614:
594:
535:
423:
394:
8:
1499:
1445:(Report). Commission of Inquiry for the International War Crimes Tribunal. Archived from
963:
has chapter 12 (of 13) called "Basra Road" and uses the imagery, although not the phrase.
731:
673:
550:
350:
2090:
2025:
1847:
1717:
Photographs of destroyed military equipment taken by a contemporary American serviceman
1460:
1416:
1294:
1098:
959:
826:
766:
634:
630:
610:
606:
523:
399:
298:
218:
1734:
A high-resolution map of Kuwait. Highway 80 leads north from Kuwait city, via Al Jahra
1102:
2100:
2075:
1977:
1972:
1865:
1832:
1822:
1746:
1198:
1188:
1124:
1088:
1007:
836:
were deployed to guard the wreckage, looting of functional Iraqi weapons took place.
750:
562:
470:
453:
365:
314:
198:
84:
983:
contains a scene in which a group of U.S. Marines pass through the Highway of Death.
2095:
2005:
1922:
1827:
1080:
1032:
944:
389:
333:
24:
1716:
1355:
The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict
1901:
1728:
1504:
1495:
1469:
1407:
1388:
1227:
1002:
967:
948:
937:
891:
738:
492:
28:
1630:
1490:
1261:
1012:
979:
545:
During the American-led coalition offensive in the Persian Gulf War, American,
155:
1351:"Appendix 2: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 1991 Gulf War"
2170:
1557:
1252:
936:
representation of a graphic photograph taken on Highway 8 by photojournalist
925:
874:
809:
648:
213:
142:
105:
92:
1594:
1438:
920:
866:
794:
682:
618:
617:, effectively boxing in the Iraqi forces in an enormous traffic jam as the
515:
1358:
928:
to commemorate the war, and in particular the Highway of Death. His poem,
913:
A shoe sole and rusting Iraqi tanks lie along the Highway of Death in 2003
1084:
655:
643:
622:
511:
80:
20:
1064:
954:
660:
1257:"Overwhelming Force: What happened in the final days of the Gulf War?"
1197:. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Vol. I. ABC-CLIO. p. 710.
698:
1664:
1412:"The World: Theater of War; The New Face of Battle Wears Greasepaint"
951:
directly mentions the Highway of Death at the end of its first verse.
933:
566:
23:. For the site of numerous murders and disappearances in Canada, see
1446:
1769:
1692:
1635:
877:
published photographs of mass burials at the scene. Turnley wrote:
861:
654:
The death toll from the attack remains unknown. British journalist
555:
527:
326:
287:
45:
1722:
Highway of Death photographs taken in 1991 by a Kuwaiti journalist
779:
746:
586:
503:
1121:
Among the Others: Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq
882:
181:
168:
651:
civilian cars and buses filled with stolen Kuwaiti property.
707:
686:
609:
on Highway 80, bombarding a massive vehicle column of mostly
519:
58:
Wrecked and abandoned vehicles along Highway 80 in April 1991
812:, citing American witnesses, alleged that a platoon of U.S.
522:. The road was used by Iraqi armored divisions for the 1990
1738:
703:
255:
1069:"Prelude: The United States and Iraq before the Iraq War"
589:
tanks lie abandoned near Kuwait City on February 26, 1991
778:
of August 2, 1990, and that the column included Kuwaiti
714:
armoured vehicles, and trucks on Highway 8 in March 1991
702:
Aerial view of a destroyed Iraqi column consisting of a
1157:"U.S. troops revisit scene of deadly Gulf War barrage"
1631:"Call of Duty: Modern Warfare faces Russian backlash"
970:
recorded 'Autopista de Basora' for their 1993 album
734:attack helicopters operating under the command of
1357:. Project on Defense Alternatives. Archived from
2168:
677:interviewed an Iraqi survivor of the attacks:
1754:
1318:"Kuwaitis recount terror of Iraqi occupation"
506:between Kuwait and Iraq, officially known as
271:
1059:
1057:
1284:
1282:
1280:
247:1,800–2,700 vehicles destroyed or abandoned
1761:
1747:
1525:
1150:
1148:
278:
264:
2182:Airstrikes conducted by the United States
1526:Perlmutter, David D. (January 27, 2005).
1465:"Seymour Hersh's Gulf War Misconceptions"
1315:
1112:
1054:
856:, however, "appearances were deceiving":
518:in Iraq and then on to the Iraqi city of
1587:
1406:
1277:
1217:
1154:
908:
760:
697:
580:
1617:"Siniestro Total - Autopista de Basora"
1556:
1378:
1376:
1348:
1247:
1245:
1145:
1073:American Public Opinion on the Iraq War
797:argued that these attacks violated the
27:. For other similarly named roads, see
2169:
1685:
1187:
1155:Giordono, Joseph (February 23, 2003).
1118:
1063:
189:
1742:
1528:"Photojournalism and Foreign Affairs"
1459:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1251:
1123:. Esprit de Corps Books. p. 92.
904:
259:
1657:
1588:Harrison, Tony (February 14, 2003).
1373:
1242:
788:200,000 Palestinians to leave Kuwait
538:forces in the initial stages of the
1686:Whalen, Andrew (October 28, 2019).
924:commissioned British anti-war poet
818:1st Brigade, 24th Infantry Division
496:
13:
1349:Conetta, Carl (October 20, 2003).
1337:
1316:Alexander, David (March 4, 1991).
593:The attack began on the 26th when
14:
2238:
1710:
1532:Foreign Policy Research Institute
1515:– via CBC Digital Archives.
1500:"The Gulf War's highway of death"
1437:
869:may have been rightly concerned.)
854:Foreign Policy Research Institute
718:Iraqi forces including the elite
605:blocked the head and tail of the
1392:. March 18, 1991. Archived from
881:I flew from my home in Paris to
756:
212:
191:
174:
161:
148:
135:
52:
1679:
1658:Kent, Emma (October 28, 2019).
1651:
1623:
1609:
1581:
1550:
1519:
1484:
1453:
1431:
1400:
1023:Hell's Highway (disambiguation)
2187:Airstrikes during the Gulf War
2047:Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel
1309:
1290:"Hammurabi Division (Armored)"
1211:
1181:
792:United States Attorney General
615:Mk-20 Rockeye II cluster bombs
1:
1048:
576:
2227:February 1991 events in Iraq
2207:History of Basra Governorate
1897:Iraq–United States relations
1768:
1498:(reporter) (March 2, 1991).
1223:"Highway (of Death) Robbery"
1077:University of Michigan Press
989:Call of Duty: Modern Warfare
943:The 1992 song "Hero" by the
693:
526:. It was repaired after the
459:Kuwait International Airport
285:
7:
996:
571:Defense Intelligence Agency
10:
2243:
2202:Military history of Kuwait
1838:Petroleum industry in Iraq
1384:"Death Highway, Revisited"
1323:United Press International
823:U.S. Military Intelligence
599:United States Marine Corps
320:British Airways Flight 149
18:
2143:
2127:
2055:
2034:
2016:Operation Senior Surprise
2011:Operation Instant Thunder
1991:
1915:
1879:
1846:
1815:
1794:
1776:
1038:Battle of Fallujah (2016)
814:Bradley Fighting Vehicles
808:Additionally, journalist
295:
229:
224:No Centralized Leadership
205:
125:
62:
51:
43:
38:
2151:History of the M1 Abrams
2021:Amiriyah shelter bombing
603:3rd Marine Aircraft Wing
2086:Draining of the marshes
1856:Battle of Dasman Palace
1727:August 7, 2020, at the
986:In the 2019 video game
799:Third Geneva Convention
2212:Road incidents in Iraq
2156:Lion of Babylon (tank)
2006:"Package Q" air strike
1880:Coalition intervention
1567:The Digital Journalist
1119:Taylor, Scott (2004).
1103:10.3998/mpub.1039750.6
1008:Battle of the Junkyard
914:
902:
888:
871:
850:
790:. Activist and former
770:
720:Iraqi Republican Guard
715:
691:
590:
514:to the border town of
390:"Package Q" Air Strike
327:Coalition intervention
206:Commanders and leaders
2042:Iraq–Israel relations
1861:Battle of the Bridges
1562:"The Unseen Gulf War"
1538:on September 11, 2007
1449:on February 15, 2013.
1410:(February 22, 1998).
912:
897:
879:
858:
845:
764:
724:1st Armored Division
701:
689:. We arrived on foot.
679:
584:
540:2003 invasion of Iraq
230:Casualties and losses
1786:Disarmament timeline
1396:on December 1, 2008.
1085:10.3998/mpub.1039750
895:magazine commented:
834:U.S. Military Police
569:river, and the U.S.
554:Highway 80 north of
412:Liberation of Kuwait
385:Dhahran & Riyadh
70:February 25–27, 1991
2217:1991 road incidents
2144:Military technology
2119:Iraq–Kuwait barrier
1887:U.N. Resolution 661
1871:U.N. Resolution 660
1461:Geyer, Georgie Anne
1169:on January 16, 2011
674:The Washington Post
597:attack jets of the
106:29.3842°N 47.6518°E
102: /
2222:1991 controversies
2091:Gulf War oil spill
1907:Military equipment
1848:Invasion of Kuwait
1639:. October 29, 2019
1417:The New York Times
1361:on January 4, 2016
1295:GlobalSecurity.org
1189:Tucker, Spencer C.
915:
905:In popular culture
841:Norman Schwarzkopf
827:Georgie Anne Geyer
771:
767:Mercedes-Benz W126
716:
611:Iraqi Regular Army
591:
524:invasion of Kuwait
299:Invasion of Kuwait
219:Norman Schwarzkopf
2164:
2163:
2101:Gulf War syndrome
2076:Kuwaiti oil fires
1948:Phase Line Bullet
1866:Battle of Failaka
1781:Conflict timeline
1560:(December 2002).
1253:Hersh, Seymour M.
1204:978-1-85109-948-1
1162:Stars and Stripes
1130:978-1-895896-26-8
1094:978-0-472-03480-2
852:According to the
776:UN Resolution 660
751:Battle of Rumaila
563:George H. W. Bush
484:
483:
434:Phase Line Bullet
380:Air to Air combat
254:
253:
241:200–1,000+ killed
121:
120:
79:The roads out of
2234:
2096:Depleted uranium
2035:Impact on Israel
1963:Highway of Death
1828:Operation Simoom
1763:
1756:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1655:
1649:
1648:
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1644:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1534:. Archived from
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1496:Schlesinger, Joe
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1463:(May 19, 2000).
1457:
1451:
1450:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1408:Sciolino, Elaine
1404:
1398:
1397:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1346:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1286:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1265:. pp. 48–82
1255:(May 22, 2000).
1249:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1165:. Archived from
1152:
1143:
1142:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1061:
1033:Operation Mersad
945:industrial metal
932:, began with an
873:Photojournalist
502:) is a six-lane
498:
489:Highway of Death
444:Highway of Death
345:Naval operations
290:
280:
273:
266:
257:
256:
217:
216:
201:
197:
195:
194:
180:
178:
177:
167:
165:
164:
154:
152:
151:
141:
139:
138:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
111:29.3842; 47.6518
107:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
64:
63:
56:
39:Highway of Death
36:
35:
25:Highway of Tears
2242:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2197:Roads in Kuwait
2167:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2139:
2123:
2113:Provide Comfort
2051:
2030:
2001:Air engagements
1987:
1911:
1902:Carter Doctrine
1875:
1842:
1811:
1790:
1772:
1767:
1729:Wayback Machine
1713:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1590:"A cold coming"
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1505:Saturday Report
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1470:Chicago Tribune
1458:
1454:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1401:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1250:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1221:(May 3, 2012).
1216:
1212:
1205:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1153:
1146:
1131:
1117:
1113:
1095:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1003:Roads in Kuwait
999:
968:Siniestro Total
938:Kenneth Jarecke
907:
843:stated in 1995:
759:
739:Barry McCaffrey
696:
579:
549:, British, and
510:. It runs from
485:
480:
419:Order of battle
305:Kuwaiti Bridges
291:
286:
284:
250:
211:
192:
190:
186:
175:
173:
162:
160:
149:
147:
136:
134:
110:
108:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
87:
57:
32:
29:Slaughter alley
17:
12:
11:
5:
2240:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2177:1991 in Kuwait
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
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1262:The New Yorker
1241:
1219:Thompson, Mark
1210:
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1993:Air campaign
1962:
1953:Medina Ridge
1795:Participants
1697:. Retrieved
1691:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1663:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1634:
1625:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:The Guardian
1593:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1565:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1536:the original
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1503:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1468:
1455:
1447:the original
1433:
1423:December 21,
1421:. Retrieved
1415:
1402:
1394:the original
1387:
1365:December 19,
1363:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1354:
1327:. Retrieved
1321:
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1293:
1267:. Retrieved
1260:
1234:December 19,
1232:. Retrieved
1226:
1213:
1193:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:the original
1160:
1134:
1120:
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1016:
987:
978:
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921:The Guardian
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807:
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795:Ramsey Clark
772:
743:
732:AH-64 Apache
725:
717:
680:
672:
670:
653:
649:commandeered
636:
619:turkey shoot
613:forces with
595:A-6 Intruder
592:
560:
544:
530:and used by
507:
499:
488:
486:
464:
463:
443:
439:Medina Ridge
410:
409:
373:Air campaign
371:
370:
344:
343:
325:
324:
297:
223:
126:Belligerents
44:Part of the
33:
16:Road in Iraq
1933:Al Busayyah
832:Before the
656:Robert Fisk
644:Mutla Ridge
639:(CV/CVA-61)
623:U.S. Marine
512:Kuwait City
429:Al Busayyah
109: /
81:Kuwait City
21:Yungas Road
2171:Categories
2111:Operation
2063:Operation
1958:2nd Kuwait
1943:73 Easting
1938:67 Easting
1816:Background
1699:January 3,
1671:January 3,
1643:January 3,
1573:January 3,
1542:January 3,
1511:January 3,
1476:January 3,
1329:January 3,
1301:January 3,
1269:January 3,
1049:References
1028:Raate Road
1013:Death Road
960:Complicity
955:Iain Banks
934:ekphrastic
661:Bob Drogin
585:Two Iraqi
577:Highway 80
508:Highway 80
497:طريق الموت
424:73 Easting
395:Ras Tanura
97:47°39′06″E
94:29°23′03″N
2128:Memorials
2056:Aftermath
1892:Coalition
1802:Australia
1665:Eurogamer
1135:Canadian
1044:militants
1017:Todesgang
918:In 1991,
816:from the
726:Hammurabi
694:Highway 8
671:In 1993,
631:U.S. Navy
567:Euphrates
351:Ad-Dawrah
1770:Gulf War
1725:Archived
1693:Newsweek
1636:BBC News
1601:July 27,
1494:(host);
1173:July 27,
1067:(2011).
997:See also
949:Ministry
839:General
780:hostages
769:S-class.
556:Al Jahra
547:Canadian
528:Gulf War
405:Amiriyah
288:Gulf War
83:towards
75:Location
46:Gulf War
2026:Samurra
1978:Rumaila
1973:Norfolk
1968:Jalibah
1916:Battles
980:Jarhead
862:strafed
747:Baghdad
736:General
712:Type 63
587:T-54/55
536:British
504:highway
471:Rumaila
454:Norfolk
449:Jalibah
400:Samurra
366:Bubiyan
361:Maradim
315:Failaka
2135:London
2106:Awards
1983:Safwan
1923:Khafji
1201:
1140:bombs.
1127:
1101:
1091:
883:Riyadh
867:Powell
637:Ranger
607:column
551:French
516:Safwan
493:Arabic
476:Safwan
334:Khafji
196:
182:France
179:
169:Canada
166:
153:
140:
1807:Women
1137:CF-18
1099:JSTOR
947:band
708:BMP-1
687:Basra
520:Basra
356:Qurah
1701:2021
1673:2021
1645:2021
1603:2009
1575:2021
1544:2021
1513:2021
1478:2021
1425:2008
1389:Time
1367:2014
1331:2021
1303:2021
1271:2021
1236:2014
1228:Time
1199:ISBN
1175:2009
1125:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1042:ISIL
892:Time
710:and
704:T-72
635:USS
629:and
534:and
532:U.S.
487:The
235:None
199:Iraq
85:Iraq
67:Date
1081:doi
784:PLO
722:'s
2173::
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1015:(
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491:(
279:e
272:t
265:v
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
