1696:
kinds of torture, including beating, electrical shock, and fingernail removal. Some 5,000 Palestinians living in Kuwait were arrested for their activities in support of the resistance, and
Palestinian support was enough to cause Iraqi officials to threaten Palestinian leaders. Some Palestinians, however, supported Saddam's regime because of sympathies with the Ba'ath party's pugnacious anti-Israel stance. Palestinian members of the resistance sometimes disagreed with resistance tactics such as the boycott of government offices and commercial activity. The Kuwaiti resistance movement was suspicious of this Palestinian ambivalence, and in the weeks after Iraqi forces withdrew, the Kuwaiti government cracked down on Palestinians suspected of sympathizing with the Saddam regime.
1663:
phones across the Saudi
Arabian border in order to establish a line of communication with the exiled Kuwaiti government in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Kuwaitis also printed informational pamphlets and distributed them to other citizens. This was especially important because the flow of information was severely restricted in Kuwait during the occupation; radio channels played transmissions from Baghdad and many Kuwaiti TV channels were shut down. A resistance newspaper titled Sumoud al-Sha'ab (Steadfastness of the People) was printed and circulated in secret. Informational pamphlets became one of the only sources of news from the outside world. Foreigners and Kuwaitis of different genders and classes participated in the resistance, breaking down Kuwait's traditional social barriers.
1307:
1700:
repatriated by the Iraqi government, but hundreds remain missing. The fate of 605 Kuwaitis arrested during the occupation remained unknown until 2009, when the remains of 236 of them were identified. Initially, Iraq claimed it had recorded the arrests of only 126 of the 605 missing
Kuwaitis. The names of 369 other missing Kuwaitis are stored in files maintained by the International Committee of the Red Cross. Seven of those missing Kuwaitis are women and 24 are under the age of 16. Iraq has made little effort to address the hundreds of missing Kuwaitis, despite trying to mend diplomatic relations with Kuwait in other ways.
1630:. Resistance cells held secret meetings at mosques. Kuwaiti women like Asrar al-Qabandi, a prominent female resistance leader, was seen as a martyr of the Iraqi invasion. During the occupation she helped people flee to safety, smuggled weapons and money into Kuwait as well as disks from the Ministry of Civil Information to safety, cared for many wounded by the war, and destroyed monitoring devices used by the Iraqi troops. She was captured and subsequently killed by Iraqi troops in January 1991. Other women staged street protests and carried signs with slogans like "Free Kuwait: Stop the Atrocities Now."
1357:
394:
343:
270:
259:
248:
237:
226:
215:
183:
356:
369:
452:
1734:
432:
4987:
1722:
1676:
4997:
381:
1956:
422:
1180:
410:
315:
304:
293:
282:
195:
1756:
1903:
1540:
3867:
1942:
5007:
5017:
59:
1622:
participating in mass actions of nonviolent resistance. People stayed home from work and school en masse. Kuwaitis also began printing informational pamphlets about the invasion from their home computers and printers and distributed the pamphlets to neighbors and friends. After that wave of nonviolent resistance, the Iraqi military turned to repression in order to maintain control over Kuwait.
442:
1684:
1031:; the Iraqi government had hoped that an Israeli retaliation would prompt the coalition's Muslim-majority states to rescind their support for the campaign against Iraq. However, no such retaliation took place, and the coalition began a ground invasion of Iraqi-occupied Kuwait and parts of Iraq on 23 February 1991. As Iraqi troops retreated from Kuwait, they
1322:, Glaspie was later asked by British journalists why she had said that, her response was "we didn't think he would go that far" meaning invade and annex the whole country. Although no follow-up question was asked, it can be inferred that what the U.S. government thought in July 1990 was that Saddam Hussein was only interested in pressuring Kuwait into
1163:
to exploit oil from its share of the
Rumaila field. Iraq estimated that US$ 2.4 billion worth of Iraqi oil was "stolen" by Kuwait and demanded compensation. According to oil workers in the area, Iraq's slant drilling claim was fabricated, as "oil flows easily from the Rumaila field without any need for these techniques."
1282:
Following the proclamation of the puppet state, the 'Republic of Kuwait', the Iraqi
Revolutionary Command Council released a statement stating, "The free provisional Kuwaiti government has decided to appeal to kinsfolk in Iraq, led by the knight of Arabs and the leader of their march, President Field
1712:
At the Al Qurain
Martyrs Museum, Kuwait remembers its citizens slain during the resistance to Iraqi occupation. The families of those martyrs received material benefits from the Kuwaiti government such as cars, homes, and funding for trips to Mecca for the hajj. Since most accounts of the liberation
1662:
and supported the resistance movement from there. The exiled
Kuwaiti government explicitly supported the resistance and commented on its strategies. Although Iraqi forces curtailed almost all forms of communication within and outside the country, the resistance movement managed to smuggle satellite
1314:
Glaspie also indicated to Saddam
Hussein that the United States did not intend "to start an economic war against Iraq". These statements may have caused Saddam to believe he had received a diplomatic green light from the United States to invade Kuwait. Saddam and Glaspie later disputed what was said
1162:
declaration marked the Iraq–Kuwait border 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of the southernmost tip of the
Rumaila field. During the Iran–Iraq War, Iraqi oil drilling operations in Rumaila declined while Kuwait's operations increased. In 1989, Iraq accused Kuwait of using "advanced drilling techniques"
1093:
supported Iraq to curb the
Iranian Revolutionary government. In 1982–1983, Kuwait began sending significant financial loans to Iraq. Kuwait's large-scale economic assistance to Iraq often triggered hostile Iranian actions against Kuwait. Iran repeatedly targeted Kuwaiti oil tankers in 1984 and fired
1887:
was destroyed. Hostilities continued until late February and on 25 February, Kuwait was officially liberated from Iraq. On 15 March 1991, the Emir of Kuwait returned to the country after spending more than 8 months in exile. During the Iraqi occupation, about 1,000 Kuwaiti civilians were killed and
1341:
in a public hearing that the United States had no treaty obligations to defend Kuwait. When asked how the U.S. would react if Iraq crossed the border into Kuwait, Kelly answered that it "is a hypothetical or a contingency, the kind of which I can't get into. Suffice it to say we would be concerned,
1138:
and in 1989, Kuwait requested OPEC to increase the country's total oil production ceiling by 50% to 1.35 million barrels (215,000 m) per day. Throughout much of the 1980s, Kuwait's oil production had already been considerably above its mandatory OPEC quota and this had prevented a rise of
1695:
Another crackdown occurred in January and February 1991. Iraqi forces publicly executed suspected members of the Kuwaiti resistance. Kuwaitis were kidnapped, their corpses later deposited in front of their family homes. The bodies of executed Kuwaiti resistance members showed evidence of different
1113:
14 billion it had borrowed from Kuwait to finance its war and requested that Kuwait forgive the debt. Iraq argued that the war had prevented a possible rise of Iranian hegemony over Kuwait. Kuwait's unwillingness to pardon the debt strained the relationship between the two countries. In late 1989,
1699:
Iraqi forces also arrested over two thousand Kuwaitis suspected of helping the resistance and imprisoned them in Iraq. Many of those arrests were made during the Iraqi retreat from Kuwait in February 1991. Hundreds escaped from prisons in southern Iraq after the retreat and over one thousand were
1671:
In October 1990, Iraqi officials cracked down on the resistance by executing hundreds of people it suspected were involved in the movement as well as conducting raids and searches of individual households. After the crackdown, the resistance began to target Iraqi military bases in order to reduce
1650:
were involved. The U.S. government, however, would neither confirm nor deny its support of the resistance on record. On the topic of the resistance, President Bush stated, "... in a broad way I support the Kuwaiti underground. I support anybody that can add a hand in restoring legitimacy there to
1625:
About 400,000 Kuwaiti citizens left the country after the invasion, and a network of safe houses was established for those who remained and joined the resistance. Pamphlets with anti-war slogans were printed and the resistance provided hiding places and false identification cards for Kuwaitis who
1621:
At first, Iraqi forces did not use violent tactics. Iraqi soldiers instructed Kuwaitis to replace their Kuwaiti license plates with Iraqi ones, and also set up an extensive system of security checkpoints to patrol the Kuwaiti population. Within a few weeks of the invasion, however, Kuwaitis began
1708:
Yahya F. Al-Sumait, Kuwait's housing minister, said in October 1990 that the resistance movement helped undermine the occupation's legitimacy and dispel the idea that Iraq invaded to assist with a popular uprising against the Kuwaiti government. The movement also protected Americans, Britons and
1617:
Kuwaitis founded a local armed resistance movement following the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. Most of the Kuwaitis who were arrested, tortured, and executed during the occupation were civilians. The Kuwaiti resistance's casualty rate far exceeded that of the coalition military forces and Western
1047:(OPEC), which had consequently urged the country to moderate production amidst a sharp decrease in global oil prices. Iraq interpreted the Kuwaiti government's refusal to decrease oil production as an act of aggression against the Iraqi economy. In early 1990, Iraq accused Kuwait of
1608:
of the Kuwaiti Air Force was the only base still unoccupied on 3 August, and Kuwaiti aircraft flew resupply missions from Saudi Arabia throughout the day in an effort to mount a defense. However, by nightfall, Ali al-Salem Air Base had been overrun by Iraqi forces.
1532:, some aircraft even taking off from the highways adjacent to the bases as the runways were overrun. While these aircraft were not used in support of the subsequent Gulf War, the "Free Kuwait Air Force" assisted Saudi Arabia in patrolling the southern border with
1170:
had agreed to a proposal to limit their oil output to 1.5 million barrels (240,000 m) per day, "down from the nearly 2 million barrels a day they had each been pumping", thus potentially settling differences over oil policy between Kuwait and Iraq.
1302:
The American ambassador declared to her Iraqi interlocutor that Washington, "inspired by the friendship and not by confrontation, does not have an opinion" on the disagreement between Kuwait and Iraq, stating "we have no opinion on the Arab–Arab conflicts".
1264:, but this agreement was never ratified. The Iraqi government also argued that the Kuwaiti Emir was a highly unpopular figure among the Kuwaiti populace. By overthrowing the Emir, Iraq claimed that it granted Kuwaitis greater economic and political freedom.
1634:
searched the homes of those suspected of hiding foreigners or covertly smuggling money to the resistance movement. Money that was smuggled to the resistance was often used to bribe Iraqi soldiers to look the other way. Resistance tactics included
1143:, "every US$ 1 drop in the price of a barrel of oil caused a US$ 1 billion drop in Iraq's annual revenues, triggering an acute financial crisis in Baghdad". Iraq interpreted Kuwait's refusal to decrease its oil production as an act of aggression.
3797:
2328:"Kuwait had loaned a battery of French 155mm Mk F3 SP guns to Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War and a further 80 fell into Iraqi hands after the invasion."/Armies of the Gulf War. Gordon L. Rottman, Ronald Volstad. Osprey Publishing. 1993. P.49
1038:
Though the true intent behind Iraq's decision to attack Kuwait is disputed, a variety of speculations have been made. One possible motive concerned Iraq's inability to repay the US$ 14 billion that it had borrowed from Kuwait during the
1672:
retaliation against Kuwaiti civilians. In October 1990, the Iraqi government opened the borders of Kuwait and allowed anyone to exit. This resulted in an exodus of both Kuwaitis and foreigners, which weakened the resistance movement.
1597:, was shot and killed by invading Iraqi forces as he attempted to defend Dasman Palace, after which his body was placed in front of a tank and run over, according to an Iraqi soldier who was present and deserted after the assault.
2730:
1015:
officially issued Iraq an ultimatum to withdraw unconditionally by 15 January 1991 or else be removed by "all necessary means" from Kuwaiti territory. In anticipation of a war with Iraq, the UNSC authorized the assembly of an
1929:
The US military continue a strong presence adding 4,000 troops in February 2015 alone. There is also a very strong US civilian presence with an estimated 18,000 American children in Kuwait being taught by 625 US teachers.
1059:
had already made the decision to attack Kuwait a few months before the actual invasion. In the two days after the invasion began, most Kuwaiti troops were overrun by the Iraqis and most Kuwaiti officials had retreated to
1139:
crude oil prices. A lack of consensus among OPEC members undermined Iraq's efforts to end the oil glut and consequently prevented the recovery of its war-crippled economy. According to former Iraqi Foreign Minister
3738:
1283:
Marshal Saddam Hussein, to agree that their sons should return to their large family, that Kuwait should return to the great Iraq—the mother homeland—and to achieve complete merger unity between Kuwait and Iraq."
995:(UNSC) adopted numerous resolutions urging Iraq to withdraw from Kuwaiti territory. The Iraqi military, however, continued to occupy Kuwait and defied all orders by the UNSC. After initially establishing the "
3770:
3794:
1043:. Proponents of this theory point to Kuwait's surge in petroleum production, which kept Iraq's revenues down; Kuwait's oil production levels were above the mandatory quota that was specified by the
2283:
1709:
other foreigners trapped in Kuwait during the occupation. Some have cited the resistance movement as part of the foundation for a more robust civil society in Kuwait after the occupation.
1600:
Towards the end of the first day of the invasion, only pockets of resistance were left in the country. By 3 August, the last military units were desperately fighting delaying actions at
2727:
2193:
Tanki v operacii "Shok i trepet", Aleksei Brusilov, Leonid Karyakin, Tankomaster 2003–08(Russian: Танки в операции «Шок и трепет», Алексей Брусилов, Леонид Карякин, Танкомастер 2003–08)
1883:
launched a massive military assault on Iraq and Iraqi forces stationed in Kuwait in mid-January 1991. By 16 January, Allied aircraft were targeting several Iraqi military sites and the
1035:, but this strategy was ultimately unsuccessful in thwarting the coalition's advance. By 28 February 1991, the Iraqi military had been devastated and Kuwaiti independence was restored.
2924:
1432:
helicopters. The foremost mission of the helicopter units was to transport and support Iraqi commandos into Kuwait City, and subsequently to support the advance of ground troops. The
1783:
of Kuwait. The exiled Kuwaiti royal family and other former government officials began an international campaign to persuade other countries to pressure Iraq to vacate Kuwait. The
3076:
Chicago Tribune. "Kuwaiti Resistance Showed Extraordinary Bravery, Cunning Men, Women, Children Who Stayed Behind Helped Foil Iraqi Occupation." The Baltimore Sun, 19 March 1991,
1250:
also believed this and justified the invasion by claiming that Kuwait had always been an integral part of Iraq and only became an independent state due to the interference of the
1642:
By August 1990, the resistance movement was receiving support from the U.S. government in the form of intelligence, materials, and other types of covert assistance. Both the
3625:
1395:
3734:
1790:
Following the events of the Iraq–Kuwait war, about half of the Kuwaiti population, including 400,000 Kuwaitis and several thousand foreign nationals, fled the country. The
1713:
of Kuwait focus on U.S.-led coalition forces, part of Kuwait's goal in memorializing the resistance is to emphasize Kuwaiti citizens' role in liberating their own country.
4249:
3044:
1575:, as well as additional Emiri Guards arrived, but the palace remained occupied, and Republican Guard tanks rolled into Kuwait City after several hours of heavy fighting.
3215:
3080:
1275:
family, had concluded a protectorate agreement in 1899 that assigned responsibility for its foreign affairs to Britain, it did not make any attempt to secede from the
1474:
Despite months of Iraqi sabre-rattling, Kuwait did not have its forces on alert and was caught unaware. The first indication of the Iraqi ground advance was from a
2402:
5398:
2695:
850:
3441:
1571:
managed to repel an airborne assault by Iraqi special forces, but the Palace fell after a landing by Iraqi marines (Dasman Palace is located on the coast). The
3766:
2795:
2618:
2390:
1330:
2841:
2567:
1651:
Kuwait and to getting the Iraqis out of Kuwait." Operation Desert Storm, which included U.S. forces, also aided the resistance movement out of its base in
1387:
3538:
4278:
3565:
United Nations Security Council Resolution 660 (Condemning the Invasion of Kuwait by Iraq), S.C. Res. 660, 45 U.N. SCOR at 19, U.N. Doc. S/RES/660 (1990)
3182:
959:
3717:
4548:
1123:
3423:
2778:
2129:
4162:
3379:
2290:
3692:
2907:
2363:
2099:
2022:
1872:
condemning the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and demanding that Iraq unconditionally withdraw all forces deployed in Kuwait. The United States and the
1023:
After Iraq failed to meet the UNSC's deadline, the coalition pursued the directive to forcefully expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait by initiating the
1798:
1130:. Chalabi argued that higher oil prices would help Iraq to pay back its US$ 60 billion debt by increasing its revenues. However, given its large
760:
5179:
5163:
2248:
1991:
1869:
1012:
619:
127:
121:
115:
109:
2979:
1315:
in this meeting. Saddam published a transcript but Glaspie disputed its accuracy before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in March 1991.
2935:
5094:
2535:
5489:
3644:"Emotional Emir Returns to Kuwait Royalty: He covers his face and stoops to kiss the ground. But not many citizens turn out to greet him"
1212:
934:
843:
1299:, asked the Iraqi high command to explain the military preparations in progress, including the massing of Iraqi troops near the border.
3111:
2338:
2315:
4166:
2875:
3292:
4538:
3567:
3622:
5078:
3673:
3392:
2218:
2141:
3468:
1897:
1338:
836:
800:
3354:
3077:
3854:
3584:
2394:
3832:
1926:'s invasion of Kuwait. After Iraq lost the Gulf War, Yemenis were deported en masse from Kuwait by the restored government.
1235:
was rightfully a territory of Iraq, claiming it had been part of an Iraqi territory until being created by the British. The
5378:
5073:
4290:
4197:
3489:
3375:
1688:
726:
2591:
1514:), west of Kuwait City. In the south, the 15th Armoured Brigade moved immediately to evacuate its forces to Saudi Arabia.
5534:
5529:
5199:
4192:
1985:
1794:
907:
902:
991:
went on to militarily occupy the country for the next seven months. The invasion was condemned internationally, and the
5053:
4543:
4459:
4182:
4147:
2038:
1817:
1548:
1371:
On 2 August 1990 at 2:00 am, local time, by Saddam Hussein's order Iraq launched an invasion of Kuwait with four elite
702:
697:
612:
17:
1804:
A 2005 study revealed that the Iraqi occupation had a long-term adverse impact on the health of the Kuwaiti populace.
5514:
5494:
4587:
3362:
3139:"Iraq and Occupied Kuwait." Human Rights Watch Report, Human Rights Watch, www.hrw.org/reports/1992/WR92/MEW1-02.htm.
2601:
2451:
1647:
3342:
Augustus Richard Norton, "The Future of Civil Society in the Middle East," Middle East Journal 47.2 (1993): 205–216.
3239:
Wheeler, Deborah. "New Media, Globalization and Kuwaiti National Identity." The Middle East Journal (2000): 432–444.
2803:
5189:
4675:
4660:
4256:
4244:
1838:
1827:
1594:
1279:. For this reason, its borders with the rest of Basra province were never clearly defined or mutually agreed upon.
1255:
1251:
1195:
1146:
The increasingly tense relations between Iraq and Kuwait were further aggravated when Iraq alleged that Kuwait was
1000:
949:
944:
319:
308:
151:
1106:
countries turned sour for several economic and diplomatic reasons that culminated in an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
5293:
4533:
4519:
4271:
3921:
2130:
https://sputnikarabic.ae/amp/20200802/لواء-طيار-كويتي-كبدنا-العراق-خسائر-فادحة-وهكذا-واجهنا-الغزو-1046165623.html
1379:
1131:
1102:
was shut down by the fighting. However, after the war ended, the friendly relations between the two neighbouring
1090:
992:
939:
897:
721:
2204:
5504:
5339:
4137:
1383:
1236:
1184:
1028:
3153:
5427:
5250:
1854:
753:
605:
31:
2752:
1122:
In 1988, Iraq's Oil Minister, Issam al-Chalabi, strove for a reduction in the crude oil production quota of
5499:
4283:
1114:
several official meetings were held between Kuwaiti and Iraqi leaders, but did not result in an agreement.
1604:
and other defensible positions throughout the country until out of ammunition or overrun by Iraqi forces.
1089:
initially stayed neutral and also tried mediating between Iran and Iraq. In 1982, Kuwait along with other
5260:
5240:
4832:
4597:
4560:
4492:
4261:
3420:
2775:
2073:
1643:
954:
892:
790:
775:
2904:
2065:
5509:
5479:
5130:
5010:
4685:
4665:
4507:
4497:
4487:
4187:
4177:
3956:
3714:
3689:
3643:
3589:
2353:
2107:
2019:
1996:
917:
661:
1306:
5403:
5334:
5308:
5303:
5184:
4637:
4482:
4052:
3847:
3823:
1880:
1552:
1017:
2252:
1849:, called for immediate withdrawal of all Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Several countries, including the
1166:
On 26 July 1990, only a few days before the Iraqi invasion, OPEC officials said that Kuwait and the
118:
imposes international sanctions against Iraq and declares Kuwait's right to self-defence on 6 August
5443:
5355:
5313:
5275:
4724:
4695:
4339:
3605:
2990:
1865:
had issued an ultimatum to Iraq to withdraw its forces from Kuwait by 15 January 1991 or face war.
1787:
passed 12 resolutions demanding immediate withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait, but to no avail.
999:" as a puppet state, Iraq annexed the entire country on 28 August 1990; northern Kuwait became the
817:
746:
5474:
5411:
5220:
5148:
4952:
4700:
4364:
4097:
2442:
Gause, F. Gregory III (2005). "The International Politics of the Gulf". In Louise Fawcett (ed.).
1910:
In December 2002, Saddam Hussein apologized for the invasion shortly before being deposed in the
1583:
1560:
1296:
680:
651:
373:
286:
3767:"625 American teachers teaching in Kuwait schools – Civilian State employees total 331,077: CSC"
3516:
2273:المبحث الرابع, إعادة بناء القوات المسلحة لكل من دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي، بعد الحرب, Al Moquatel
5448:
5363:
5245:
5046:
4655:
4514:
4384:
4359:
4229:
3981:
3442:"The Berlin airlift was remarkable, but the largest civilian evacuation in history is by India"
1813:
1372:
1151:
1052:
780:
297:
274:
263:
1258:, the British government planned to split Kuwait from the Ottoman territories into a separate
5469:
5285:
5225:
5153:
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5020:
4759:
4627:
4239:
4112:
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4011:
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3648:
2825:
2694:
Gordon, Elaine Sciolino With Michael R.; Times, Special To the New York (23 September 1990).
1911:
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1024:
770:
714:
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http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-03-19/news/1991078147_1_kuwait-iraqi-occupation-malik
1861:
members were particularly critical of the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and by late 1990, the
1351:
1167:
1147:
1110:
1048:
912:
885:
765:
736:
2872:
2681:. New York: PublicAffairs. 2008. pp. 217–218. See also Rabinovich and Shaked, pp. 403–404.
1918:
leadership also apologized for its wartime support of Saddam. In 1990, Yemen's president,
8:
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414:
361:
252:
230:
3564:
3101:
Tétreault, Mary Ann. "Kuwait: The morning after." Current History 91, no. 561 (1992): 6.
1729:
by retreating Iraqi forces, causing massive environmental and economic damage to Kuwait.
1524:, but approximately 20% were lost or captured. The remaining 80% were then evacuated to
5524:
5383:
5318:
5140:
4927:
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4907:
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4577:
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4021:
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3543:
3270:
2846:
2739:
2572:
2500:
1919:
1915:
1772:
1483:
1417:
1399:
1240:
1109:
By the time the Iran–Iraq War ended, Iraq was not in a financial position to repay the
1008:
996:
741:
640:
559:
491:
445:
347:
161:
143:
4769:
3670:
2962:"Saddam's Security Apparatus During the Invasion of Kuwait and the Kuwaiti Resistance"
2905:
FRONTLINE/WORLD. Iraq – Saddam's Road to Hell – A journey into the killing fields. PBS
1098:
island in 1988. During the Iran–Iraq War, Kuwait functioned as Iraq's major port once
5484:
5393:
5368:
5270:
5265:
5158:
5125:
5115:
5039:
4996:
4947:
4912:
4749:
4690:
4592:
4502:
4472:
4467:
4334:
4329:
4313:
4202:
4142:
4062:
4057:
3966:
3701:
3465:
3317:
3262:
3052:
3021:
2757:
2703:
2696:"CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; U.S. Gave Iraq Little Reason Not to Mount Kuwait Assault"
2597:
2447:
2358:
2309:
2001:
1969:
1791:
1742:
1726:
1503:
1460:
1334:
1268:
1247:
1082:
1040:
1032:
1004:
988:
870:
812:
795:
707:
656:
187:
155:
3735:"More than 4,000 troops will be deployed to Kuwait, possibly to fight Islamic State"
3016:
5388:
5298:
5255:
5215:
5120:
4839:
4774:
4764:
4438:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4349:
4324:
3351:
2540:
2492:
1837:
The Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait was unanimously condemned by all major
1764:
1745:
1564:
1517:
1495:
1323:
785:
731:
675:
484:
435:
323:
1536:, which was considered a threat by the Saudi Arabians because of Yemen–Iraq ties.
5194:
4937:
4902:
4791:
4786:
4705:
4616:
4354:
4207:
4119:
4107:
4031:
4026:
4016:
3951:
3926:
3911:
3898:
3886:
3827:
3801:
3721:
3696:
3677:
3629:
3571:
3534:
3472:
3427:
3358:
3084:
2980:"Two ethnicities, three generations: Phonological variation and change in Kuwait"
2911:
2879:
2782:
2734:
2226:
2149:
2026:
1884:
1499:
1456:
1433:
1228:
386:
3493:
2842:"The Iraqi Invasion; In Two Arab Capitals, Gunfire and Fear, Victory and Cheers"
1733:
451:
4917:
4892:
4172:
4102:
3805:
1976:
1923:
1879:
After a series of failed negotiations between major world powers and Iraq, the
1823:
1768:
1738:
1579:
1452:
1403:
1276:
1272:
1191:
1127:
1056:
1027:
on 17 January 1991. As the bombardment campaign continued over the next month,
924:
219:
3539:"Standoff in the Gulf; A Partial Pullout By Iraq is Feared as Deadline 'Ploy'"
3393:"Items relating to the situation between Iraq and Kuwait: Initial proceedings"
2860:
1679:
Ground troop movements from 24–28 February 1991 during Operation Desert Storm.
5463:
4990:
4942:
4932:
4897:
4849:
4826:
4801:
4565:
4394:
4389:
4266:
4067:
3916:
3266:
3183:"After The War: Kuwait; At Home Among the Enemy, Kuwaitis Learned to Survive"
3056:
2830:. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 31 July 1990. p. 14.
2707:
2587:
2568:"Confrontation in the Gulf; The Oilfield Lying Below the Iraq-Kuwait Dispute"
1961:
1862:
1568:
1292:
1155:
1117:
579:
1841:. Even countries traditionally considered to be close Iraqi allies, such as
1486:
resisted, but were vastly outnumbered. In central Kuwait, the 35th Armoured
4816:
4582:
4379:
4087:
4082:
4072:
3906:
1873:
1850:
1631:
1587:
1559:
Iraqi troops attacked Dasman Palace, the Royal Residence, resulting in the
1525:
1437:
1061:
586:
2639:. 5th edition. Belmont, California, USA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. Pp. 839.
1639:
and sniper attacks that caused a considerable number of Iraqi casualties.
431:
5000:
4962:
4811:
4647:
4572:
4369:
3931:
1947:
1601:
1468:
1220:
1159:
572:
477:
425:
68:
2483:
Stork, Joe; Lesch, Ann M. (1990). "Background to the Crisis: Why War?".
4077:
3795:
Airlift: Akshay Kumar's next a thriller of the biggest human evacuation
3274:
3250:
2504:
1721:
1140:
399:
241:
124:
designates Iraqi occupation/annexation of Kuwait as illegal on 9 August
1267:
Kuwait had been loosely under the authority of the Ottoman vilâyet of
1179:
4887:
4859:
4806:
4344:
4036:
3996:
2652:. Manchester, England, UK: Manchester University Press, 2003 Pp. 209.
1981:
1491:
1464:
1445:
1425:
1414:
1365:
1260:
1135:
2861:
Gulf States – Kuwait – Regional and National Security Considerations
2660:
2658:
2496:
1675:
828:
5062:
4404:
4234:
4217:
3991:
3986:
2961:
2619:"Iraq Said to Prevail in Oil Dispute With Kuwait and Arab Emirates"
1902:
1780:
1755:
1636:
1507:
1479:
1429:
1421:
1207:
980:
929:
875:
668:
629:
421:
50:
1539:
4864:
4821:
4001:
3946:
3752:
2655:
1529:
1487:
1361:
1095:
1065:
2339:"Thirty years on, Iraq's invasion of Kuwait still haunts region"
1551:
in 1990. Kuwait continues to maintain strong relations with the
4744:
4399:
1842:
1749:
1591:
1449:
1224:
1086:
984:
200:
93:
3490:"CNS – The Significance of the "Death" of Ali Hassan al-Majid"
2895:, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2002 p. 97
2128:“We shot down 52 Iraqi aircraft at the start of the invasion”
1459:
through limited air strikes against two main air bases of the
58:
4957:
3941:
3820:
3606:"Allied planes bomb Iraq: Kuwait's liberation begun, says US"
1846:
1533:
1475:
1441:
1158:. The dispute over the Rumaila field started in 1960 when an
1099:
3154:"Kuwait Works to Preserve History of Its Resistance to Iraq"
2666:
Between Memory and Desire: The Middle East in a Troubled Age
2385:
2383:
2381:
1683:
1586:
had already fled into the Saudi Arabian desert. His younger
5031:
4152:
4129:
3872:
3866:
3821:
Aftermath photographs taken by a Kuwaiti journalist in 1991
3097:
3095:
3093:
2771:
1858:
1659:
1652:
1544:
1200:
1103:
1044:
597:
441:
64:
2827:
Developments in the Middle East – House of Representatives
2596:. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 156.
1118:
Allegations of Kuwaiti economic warfare and slant drilling
3439:
3430:. Britannica.com (19 June 1961). Retrieved on 2011-06-12.
2378:
1563:. The Kuwaiti Emiri Guard, supported by local police and
1076:
30:"Invasion of Kuwait" redirects here. For other uses, see
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3090:
1342:
but I cannot get into the realm of 'what if' answers."
979:
began on 2 August 1990 and marked the beginning of the
3376:
The Significance of the "Death" of Ali Hassan al-Majid
3286:
3284:
2679:
A Choice of Enemies: America Confronts the Middle East
2205:
Kuwait Airways Corporation v Iraqi Airways Corporation
1329:
In addition, only a few days before the invasion, the
1007:, while southern Kuwait was carved out as the all-new
3200:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
2094:
2092:
2090:
1409:
In support of these units, the Iraqi Army deployed a
3466:
Public health impact of 1990 Iraq invasion of Kuwait
3147:
3145:
1937:
1506:
against the Iraqis and fought delaying actions near
1286:
3604:Fairhall, David; Walker, Martin (17 January 1991).
3281:
2106:. Library of Congress. January 1993. Archived from
1482:that detected an Iraqi armour column moving south.
1094:weapons at Kuwaiti security personnel stationed on
130:
authorizes naval blockade against Iraq on 25 August
3671:The Use of Terror during Iraq's invasion of Kuwait
3029:
2914:. PBS (24 January 2006). Retrieved on 12 June 2011
2882:. Users.lighthouse.net. Retrieved on 12 June 2011.
2593:The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq
2446:. Oxford: The University Press. pp. 263–274.
2428:"OPEC pressures Kuwait to moderate quota demand",
2087:
1822:After Iraqi forces invaded and annexed Kuwait and
1763:After the Iraqi victory, Saddam Hussein installed
3142:
1868:On 3 August 1990, the UN Security Council passed
1310:April Glaspie's first meeting with Saddam Hussein
1124:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
1045:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
5461:
3380:James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies
2689:
2687:
1428:transport helicopters, as well as a squadron of
1134:, Kuwait was less concerned about the prices of
3680:. Jafi (15 May 2005). Retrieved on 12 June 2011
2932:S. Daniel Abraham Center for Strategic Dialogue
2668:, University of California Press, 1999, p. 105.
2100:"Kuwait Organization and Mission of the Forces"
960:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
3603:
3515:Hirst, David; Tisdall, Simon (3 August 1990).
3176:
3174:
2893:Arabs at war: Military Effectiveness (1948–91)
2863:. Countrystudies.us. Retrieved on 12 June 2011
1992:United Nations Security Council Resolution 660
1888:more than 300,000 residents fled the country.
5047:
3848:
2684:
2650:The international politics of the Middle East
1807:
1455:. The main task of the IQAF was to establish
844:
613:
3623:25 February 1991: Iraq withdraws from Kuwait
3558:
3514:
1922:, a longtime ally of Saddam Hussein, backed
1703:
1384:2nd al-Medinah al-Munawera Armoured Division
3690:Saddam Sends Apology to Kuwait for Invasion
3171:
3045:"U.S. SAID TO BE AIDING KUWAITI RESISTANCE"
2693:
2466:"Iran reportedly fires on Kuwaiti island",
2389:
1801:by flying almost 488 flights over 59 days.
1055:, though some Iraqi sources indicated that
5054:
5040:
3855:
3841:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
2959:
2635:Duiker, William J; Spielvogel, Jackson J.
2482:
2444:International Relations of the Middle East
1876:issued a joint statement condemning Iraq.
1737:The oil fires caused were a result of the
1658:The Kuwaiti government went into exile in
1227:. After gaining independence in 1932, the
1198:, Kuwait was established as an autonomous
851:
837:
620:
606:
4163:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
3440:Rohan Venkataramakrishnan (2 July 2014).
3293:"The Missing Kuwaitis of Baghdad's Gulag"
2536:"Interrogator: Invasion surprised Saddam"
1205:or district, of the Ottoman Empire and a
146:" on 4 August and annexes it on 28 August
3987:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
3533:
3527:
2753:"Did the U.S. Encourage Iraq to Invade?"
2561:
2559:
2516:
2514:
2478:
2476:
2424:
2422:
2420:
1901:
1754:
1732:
1720:
1682:
1674:
1538:
1355:
1305:
1243:also held irredentist claims to Kuwait.
1178:
3585:"Text of U.S.-Soviet statement on Iraq"
3216:"Kuwaitis Scale Back Resistance Effort"
3126:
2925:"Iran, Israel and the Shi'ite Crescent"
2616:
2586:
2580:
2435:
2351:
1271:, and although its ruling dynasty, the
14:
5462:
3773:from the original on 18 September 2016
3641:
3290:
3248:
3180:
3014:
3008:
2314:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1898:United Nations Compensation Commission
1077:Iran–Iraq War and Iraqi debt to Kuwait
1033:set fire to over 700 Kuwaiti oil wells
893:Iraq no-fly zones conflict (1991–2003)
5035:
4722:
4614:
4436:
4311:
3884:
3836:
3433:
3213:
3151:
3042:
2566:Hayes, Thomas C. (3 September 1990).
2565:
2556:
2533:
2511:
2473:
2441:
2417:
2171:Jane's Armour and Artillery 2003–2004
2063:
1773:Provisional Government of Free Kuwait
1612:
1484:Kuwaiti air, ground, and naval forces
1463:, whose aircraft consisted mainly of
1436:(IQAF) had at least two squadrons of
1406:units equivalent to a full division.
858:
832:
601:
5016:
4958:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
3574:. umn.edu. Retrieved on 12 June 2011
3374:al-Marashi, Ibrahim (9 April 2003).
3318:"Kuwaitis Mourn the Missing in Iraq"
3214:Tyler, Patrick E. (5 October 1990).
3043:Tyler, Patrick E. (31 August 1990).
2617:Ibrahim, Youssef M. (26 July 1990).
2399:Air Combat Information Group Journal
2366:from the original on 23 January 2021
1174:
1051:to steal Iraqi petroleum across the
1025:Gulf War aerial bombardment campaign
1011:. By November 1990, the adoption of
886:Iraqi Kurdish/Shi'a uprisings (1991)
5006:
2966:The Journal of Intelligence History
2960:Al-Marashi, Ibrahim (Winter 2003).
2354:"Iraq Remaps Kuwait as Province 19"
1364:tank on display at the site of the
27:Beginning of the 1990–1991 Gulf War
24:
3741:from the original on 30 April 2016
2917:
2610:
2184:, Gordon L. Rottman, 1993, p.48,49
1881:United States-led coalition forces
1818:Operation Desert Shield (Gulf War)
1727:Kuwaiti oil wells were set on fire
1666:
82:2 August 1990 – 4 August 1990
25:
5546:
3814:
3363:Federation of American Scientists
3291:Koring, Paul (23 December 2002).
3112:"The 'Tomboy' Who Took On Takrit"
2249:"IRAQ: NAVAL THREAT TO US FORCES"
1857:, placed arms embargoes on Iraq.
1287:Iraq–United States correspondence
1003:and was merged into the existing
5015:
5005:
4995:
4986:
4985:
4291:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
3865:
3632:. Sify Retrieved on 12 June 2011
3152:Perry, Tony (23 February 2003).
2934:. pp. 14–15. Archived from
2405:from the original on 6 July 2013
2395:"Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990"
2393:; Sadik, Ahmad (6 August 2007).
2352:Fineman, Mark (29 August 1990).
1954:
1940:
1891:
1759:Aerial view of oil wells on fire
1595:Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
1584:Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
1256:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913
1196:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913
450:
440:
430:
420:
408:
392:
379:
367:
354:
341:
313:
302:
291:
280:
268:
257:
246:
235:
224:
213:
193:
181:
57:
4770:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
4193:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
4183:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
3922:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
3788:
3759:
3727:
3708:
3683:
3664:
3635:
3616:
3597:
3577:
3508:
3482:
3459:
3414:
3385:
3368:
3345:
3336:
3310:
3242:
3233:
3104:
3070:
2972:
2953:
2898:
2885:
2866:
2854:
2834:
2818:
2788:
2764:
2746:
2721:
2671:
2642:
2629:
2534:Hindy, Lily (25 January 2008).
2527:
2520:"Iraq strains OPEC consensus",
2460:
2345:
2331:
2322:
2276:
2267:
2241:
2211:
2196:
2064:Johns, Dave (24 January 2006).
1834:as the new governor of Kuwait.
1380:1st Hammurabi Armoured Division
1091:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
1018:American-led military coalition
993:United Nations Security Council
898:Iraq air strikes (January 1993)
160:Southern Kuwait becomes Iraq's
5490:Iraq–Kuwait military relations
5340:Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel
4053:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
3352:Damage Assessment – Kuwait Oil
3181:Hedges, Chris (5 March 1991).
3015:Levins, John M. (March 1995).
2187:
2175:
2164:
2134:
2122:
2057:
2031:
2013:
1691:during Operation Desert Storm.
1231:immediately declared that the
13:
1:
4312:
3808:. Priya Gupta. 19 August 2014
3642:Murphy, Kim (15 March 1991).
3492:. 9 June 2003. Archived from
3251:"The PLO and the Gulf Crisis"
2677:Quoted in Lawrence Freedman.
2066:"1990 The Invasion of Kuwait"
2007:
1326:and to lower oil production.
1132:downstream petroleum industry
1071:
1029:Iraq fired missiles at Israel
1001:Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District
925:Iraqi conflict (2003–present)
549:~250 tanks destroyed/captured
152:Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District
112:condemns invasion on 2 August
32:List of wars involving Kuwait
5190:Iraq–United States relations
5061:
4549:in ISIL-controlled territory
4437:
2873:Eyewitness, Col. Fred Hart 1
2491:(November–December): 11–18.
2202:See the House of Lords case
1826:deposed the Emir of Kuwait,
1716:
1388:Tawakalna ala-Allah Division
1331:Assistant Secretary of State
950:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
945:Iraqi insurgency (2008–2011)
935:Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)
801:Kuwait International Airport
627:
552:850+ AFVs destroyed/captured
532:(Unconfirmed Kuwaiti claims)
522:120 tanks and AFVs destroyed
517:(Unconfirmed Kuwaiti claims)
150:Northern Kuwait becomes the
7:
4723:
4615:
4460:Council of Representatives
4198:Weapons of mass destruction
3885:
3517:"Superpowers unite on Iraq"
2728:"Confrontation in the Gulf"
2039:"1990: Iraq invades Kuwait"
1933:
1396:4th Nebuchadnezzar Division
1345:
940:Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)
908:Iraq missile strikes (1996)
903:Iraq missile strikes (1993)
10:
5551:
5535:August 1990 events in Iraq
5530:August 1990 events in Asia
5131:Petroleum industry in Iraq
4188:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
3715:PLO apologises over Kuwait
3590:United Press International
1997:Persian Gulf war rationale
1895:
1811:
1808:International condemnation
1349:
1126:(OPEC) members to end the
918:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
662:British Airways Flight 149
29:
5436:
5420:
5348:
5327:
5309:Operation Senior Surprise
5304:Operation Instant Thunder
5284:
5208:
5172:
5139:
5108:
5087:
5069:
4981:
4880:
4735:
4731:
4718:
4623:
4610:
4445:
4432:
4320:
4307:
4128:
4045:
3897:
3893:
3880:
1988:right after the invasion.
1906:US troops in Kuwait, 2015
1704:Resistance and legitimacy
1553:coalition of the Gulf War
1490:deployed approximately a
881:Invasion of Kuwait (1990)
871:Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)
866:
637:
501:
463:
333:
206:
174:
74:
56:
48:
43:
5515:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
5495:Military history of Iraq
5444:History of the M1 Abrams
5314:Amiriyah shelter bombing
4539:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
4450:Administrative divisions
3471:14 December 2009 at the
3426:11 November 2013 at the
3017:"The Kuwaiti Resistance"
2850:. Kuwait. 3 August 1990.
2781:17 November 2010 at the
2776:Why Americans Choose War
2637:World History: From 1500
1687:American tanks from the
1339:House of Representatives
977:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
44:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
5379:Draining of the marshes
5149:Battle of Dasman Palace
4098:Mandate for Mesopotamia
3972:First Babylonian Empire
3800:11 January 2016 at the
3720:2 February 2007 at the
3676:24 January 2005 at the
3357:2 November 2013 at the
3249:Mattar, Philip (1994).
2770:"Leonard Lopate Show",
2648:Raymond A. Hinnebusch.
1914:. Two years later, the
1561:Battle of Dasman Palace
1549:Operation Desert Shield
1297:U.S. ambassador to Iraq
955:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
5449:Lion of Babylon (tank)
5299:"Package Q" air strike
5173:Coalition intervention
4257:Insurgency (2011–2013)
4178:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
3982:Middle Assyrian Empire
3628:17 August 2016 at the
2989:. 2010. Archived from
2878:18 August 2009 at the
2664:R. Stephen Humphreys,
2182:Armies of the Gulf War
1907:
1814:Operation Desert Storm
1760:
1752:
1730:
1692:
1680:
1573:Kuwaiti National Guard
1556:
1373:Iraqi Republican Guard
1368:
1311:
1219:Iraq had a history of
1216:
983:. After defeating the
732:"Package Q" Air Strike
669:Coalition intervention
525:52 aircraft destroyed
275:Hussein Kamel al-Majid
264:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
207:Commanders and leaders
142:Iraq establishes the "
5505:Wars involving Kuwait
5335:Iraq–Israel relations
5154:Battle of the Bridges
4544:in post-invasion Iraq
4250:U.S. troop withdrawal
4012:Neo-Babylonian Empire
3826:24 April 2017 at the
3769:. 17 September 2016.
3649:The Los Angeles Times
2733:4 August 2016 at the
1912:2003 invasion of Iraq
1905:
1758:
1736:
1724:
1686:
1678:
1606:Ali al-Salem Air Base
1569:Saladin armoured cars
1542:
1512:Battle of the Bridges
1467:and Douglas (T)A-4KU
1359:
1320:Richard E. Rubenstein
1309:
1182:
555:57 aircraft destroyed
502:Casualties and losses
456:Kuwait National Guard
5079:Disarmament timeline
4493:Council of Ministers
4375:Mesopotamian Marshes
3695:31 July 2013 at the
3537:(17 December 1990).
2987:Newcastle University
2891:Kenneth M. Pollack,
2806:on 12 September 2021
2743:, 25 September 1990.
2219:"Kuwaiti Casualties"
2142:"Kuwaiti casualties"
2045:. BBC. 2 August 1990
2025:14 July 2014 at the
1689:3rd Armored Division
1352:Timeline of Gulf War
1254:. After signing the
1168:United Arab Emirates
930:Iraq War (2003–2011)
876:Gulf War (1990–1991)
754:Liberation of Kuwait
727:Dhahran & Riyadh
5500:Wars involving Iraq
5437:Military technology
5412:Iraq–Kuwait barrier
5180:U.N. Resolution 661
5164:U.N. Resolution 660
4755:Mesopotamian Arabic
4561:Freedom of religion
4007:Neo-Assyrian Empire
3977:Old Assyrian Period
3962:Neo-Sumerian Empire
3756:. 15 February 2015.
3724:. 12 December 2004.
3570:20 May 2016 at the
3535:Friedman, Thomas L.
3255:Middle East Journal
3220:The Washington Post
2910:15 May 2016 at the
2255:on 25 December 2018
1832:Ali Hassan al-Majid
1785:UN Security Council
1777:Ali Hassan al-Majid
1628:Iraqi secret police
1626:were sought by the
1420:, several units of
1418:helicopter gunships
1392:mechanized infantry
1366:Al-Qurain Martyrdom
1233:Sheikhdom of Kuwait
1194:in 1897. After the
1013:UNSC Resolution 678
913:Iraq bombing (1998)
415:Kuwait Armed Forces
362:Iraqi Ground Forces
253:Ali Hassan al-Majid
128:UNSC Resolution 665
122:UNSC Resolution 662
116:UNSC Resolution 661
110:UNSC Resolution 660
5384:Gulf War oil spill
5200:Military equipment
5141:Invasion of Kuwait
4686:Telecommunications
4661:Foreign Investment
4598:Wars and conflicts
4534:in pre-Saddam Iraq
4498:Presidency Council
4284:2019–2021 protests
4213:Invasion of Kuwait
4037:Sassanid Asorestan
4032:Parthian Babylonia
4027:Seleucid Babylonia
4022:Achaemenid Assyria
3937:Jemdet Nasr period
3705:. 8 December 2002.
3544:The New York Times
3477:Medical News Today
3297:The Globe and Mail
3187:The New York Times
3083:9 May 2018 at the
2996:on 19 October 2013
2941:on 6 November 2014
2847:The New York Times
2800:historycommons.org
2740:The New York Times
2700:The New York Times
2623:The New York Times
2573:The New York Times
2544:. Associated Press
2485:Middle East Report
2110:on 10 January 2009
1984:film based on the
1920:Ali Abdullah Saleh
1908:
1761:
1753:
1731:
1693:
1681:
1613:Kuwaiti resistance
1557:
1400:motorized infantry
1369:
1312:
1252:British government
1241:Abd al-Karim Qasim
1217:
1053:Iraq–Kuwait border
1009:Kuwait Governorate
997:Republic of Kuwait
987:on 4 August 1990,
641:Invasion of Kuwait
589:destroyed/captured
582:destroyed/captured
575:destroyed/captured
446:Kuwait Naval Force
348:Iraqi Armed Forces
162:Kuwait Governorate
144:Republic of Kuwait
18:Invasion of Kuwait
5510:Invasions by Iraq
5480:Conflicts in 1990
5457:
5456:
5394:Gulf War syndrome
5369:Kuwaiti oil fires
5241:Phase Line Bullet
5159:Battle of Failaka
5074:Conflict timeline
5029:
5028:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4963:Mandaean New Year
4714:
4713:
4606:
4605:
4588:Political parties
4483:Foreign relations
4428:
4427:
4335:Lower Mesopotamia
4330:Upper Mesopotamia
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4063:Abbasid Caliphate
4058:Umayyad Caliphate
3967:Isin-Larsa period
3785:. September 2016.
3421:Kuwait Britannica
3158:Los Angeles Times
3022:Middle East Forum
2758:The Baltimore Sun
2522:New Straits Times
2430:New Straits Times
2359:Los Angeles Times
2296:on 13 August 2017
2002:Nayirah testimony
1986:Indian evacuation
1970:Operation Vantage
1792:Indian government
1567:and a platoon of
1504:artillery battery
1461:Kuwaiti Air Force
1335:John Hubert Kelly
1291:On 25 July 1990,
1248:Saddam government
1175:Iraqi Irredentism
1005:Basra Governorate
970:
969:
860:Persian Gulf Wars
826:
825:
776:Phase Line Bullet
722:Air to Air combat
596:
595:
587:AMX-F3 155mm SPHs
170:
169:
156:Basra Governorate
16:(Redirected from
5542:
5389:Depleted uranium
5328:Impact on Israel
5256:Highway of Death
5121:Operation Simoom
5056:
5049:
5042:
5033:
5032:
5019:
5018:
5009:
5008:
4999:
4989:
4988:
4733:
4732:
4720:
4719:
4651:
4612:
4611:
4463:
4434:
4433:
4420:Sinjar Mountains
4410:Zagros Mountains
4350:Hamrin Mountains
4309:
4308:
4272:Mosul liberation
4245:Iraqi insurgency
4167:National Command
4156:
3992:Simurrum culture
3895:
3894:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3809:
3792:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3731:
3725:
3712:
3706:
3687:
3681:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3639:
3633:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3593:. 3 August 1990.
3581:
3575:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3486:
3480:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3437:
3431:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3397:
3389:
3383:
3372:
3366:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3211:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3149:
3140:
3137:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3088:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3040:
3027:
3026:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2984:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2929:
2921:
2915:
2902:
2896:
2889:
2883:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2802:. Archived from
2792:
2786:
2785:11 November 2010
2768:
2762:
2761:, 24 March 1991.
2750:
2744:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2691:
2682:
2675:
2669:
2662:
2653:
2646:
2640:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2541:The Boston Globe
2531:
2525:
2524:, 8 October 1988
2518:
2509:
2508:
2480:
2471:
2470:, 30 March 1988.
2464:
2458:
2457:
2439:
2433:
2426:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2387:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2341:. 1 August 2020.
2335:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2289:. Archived from
2288:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2251:. Archived from
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2229:on 18 March 2022
2225:. Archived from
2215:
2209:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2152:on 18 March 2022
2148:. Archived from
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2096:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2017:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1799:overseas Indians
1779:as the de facto
1765:Alaa Hussein Ali
1748:retreating from
1655:, Saudi Arabia.
1518:Kuwait Air Force
1337:, told the U.S.
1324:debt forgiveness
1211:protectorate of
861:
853:
846:
839:
830:
829:
786:Highway of Death
687:Naval operations
632:
622:
615:
608:
599:
598:
568:6 ships captured
454:
444:
436:Kuwait Air Force
434:
424:
413:
412:
411:
398:
396:
395:
385:
383:
382:
374:Republican Guard
372:
371:
370:
360:
358:
357:
346:
345:
344:
328:
318:
317:
316:
307:
306:
305:
296:
295:
294:
285:
284:
283:
273:
272:
271:
262:
261:
260:
251:
250:
249:
240:
239:
238:
231:Ra'ad al-Hamdani
229:
228:
227:
218:
217:
216:
199:
197:
196:
186:
185:
184:
76:
75:
61:
41:
40:
21:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5432:
5416:
5406:Provide Comfort
5344:
5323:
5294:Air engagements
5280:
5204:
5195:Carter Doctrine
5168:
5135:
5104:
5083:
5065:
5060:
5030:
5025:
4969:
4953:Public holidays
4876:
4727:
4710:
4649:
4619:
4602:
4461:
4441:
4424:
4355:Iraqi Kurdistan
4345:Euphrates river
4316:
4295:
4262:War (2014–2017)
4208:Operation Opera
4154:
4124:
4120:Arab Federation
4108:Kingdom of Iraq
4041:
4017:Fall of Babylon
3952:Akkadian Empire
3927:Samarra culture
3912:Hassuna culture
3889:
3876:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3828:Wayback Machine
3817:
3812:
3802:Wayback Machine
3793:
3789:
3776:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3744:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3722:Wayback Machine
3713:
3709:
3697:Wayback Machine
3688:
3684:
3678:Wayback Machine
3669:
3665:
3655:
3653:
3640:
3636:
3630:Wayback Machine
3621:
3617:
3602:
3598:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3572:Wayback Machine
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3532:
3528:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3473:Wayback Machine
3464:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3438:
3434:
3428:Wayback Machine
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3373:
3369:
3359:Wayback Machine
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3289:
3282:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3212:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3179:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3150:
3143:
3138:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3091:
3085:Wayback Machine
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3049:Washington Post
3041:
3030:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2912:Wayback Machine
2903:
2899:
2890:
2886:
2880:Wayback Machine
2871:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2783:Wayback Machine
2769:
2765:
2751:
2747:
2735:Wayback Machine
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2692:
2685:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2656:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2630:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2585:
2581:
2564:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2512:
2497:10.2307/3012998
2481:
2474:
2468:Lakeland Ledger
2465:
2461:
2454:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2388:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2284:"Archived copy"
2282:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2104:Country Studies
2098:
2097:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2070:Frontline/World
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2043:BBC On This Day
2037:
2036:
2032:
2027:Wayback Machine
2018:
2014:
2010:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1900:
1894:
1885:Iraqi Air Force
1830:, he installed
1820:
1812:Main articles:
1810:
1746:military forces
1719:
1706:
1669:
1667:Iraqi crackdown
1615:
1565:Chieftain tanks
1496:Chieftain tanks
1457:air superiority
1453:fighter-bombers
1434:Iraqi Air Force
1354:
1348:
1289:
1229:Kingdom of Iraq
1177:
1120:
1079:
1074:
985:State of Kuwait
973:
972:
971:
966:
862:
859:
857:
827:
822:
761:Order of battle
647:Kuwaiti Bridges
633:
628:
626:
592:
545:
544:
541:12,000 captured
531:
518:
516:
497:
409:
407:
393:
391:
387:Iraqi Air Force
380:
378:
368:
366:
355:
353:
342:
340:
324:
314:
312:
311:
303:
301:
300:
292:
290:
289:
281:
279:
269:
267:
266:
258:
256:
255:
247:
245:
244:
236:
234:
233:
225:
223:
222:
214:
212:
201:State of Kuwait
194:
192:
182:
180:
166:
138:
96:
83:
62:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5548:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5475:1990 in Kuwait
5472:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5374:1991 uprisings
5371:
5366:
5364:Iraq sanctions
5361:
5358:Southern Watch
5352:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5126:Ba'athist Iraq
5123:
5118:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5059:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5036:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5013:
5003:
4993:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4729:
4728:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4691:Transportation
4688:
4683:
4681:Stock Exchange
4678:
4676:Reconstruction
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4656:Infrastructure
4653:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4541:
4536:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4515:Prime Minister
4512:
4511:
4510:
4500:
4495:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4223:1991 uprisings
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4173:Saddam Hussein
4170:
4159:
4158:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4105:
4103:Mandatory Iraq
4100:
4095:
4092:Mamluk dynasty
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3957:Gutian dynasty
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3891:
3890:
3878:
3877:
3860:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3816:
3815:External links
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:Times of India
3787:
3758:
3726:
3707:
3702:People's Daily
3682:
3663:
3634:
3615:
3596:
3576:
3557:
3526:
3507:
3496:on 9 June 2003
3481:
3479:. 4 July 2005.
3458:
3432:
3413:
3400:United Nations
3384:
3367:
3344:
3335:
3309:
3280:
3241:
3232:
3199:
3170:
3141:
3125:
3103:
3089:
3069:
3028:
3007:
2971:
2952:
2916:
2897:
2884:
2865:
2853:
2833:
2817:
2787:
2763:
2745:
2720:
2683:
2670:
2654:
2641:
2628:
2609:
2602:
2588:Gregory, Derek
2579:
2555:
2526:
2510:
2472:
2459:
2452:
2434:
2416:
2377:
2344:
2330:
2321:
2275:
2266:
2240:
2210:
2195:
2186:
2174:
2163:
2133:
2121:
2086:
2056:
2030:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1973:
1966:
1965:
1951:
1935:
1932:
1924:Saddam Hussein
1893:
1890:
1870:Resolution 660
1828:Jaber Al-Sabah
1824:Saddam Hussein
1809:
1806:
1769:prime minister
1739:scorched earth
1725:More than 600
1718:
1715:
1705:
1702:
1668:
1665:
1614:
1611:
1580:Emir of Kuwait
1520:aircraft were
1404:special forces
1350:Main article:
1347:
1344:
1288:
1285:
1277:Ottoman Empire
1237:Iraqi Republic
1192:Ottoman Empire
1176:
1173:
1148:slant-drilling
1128:1980s oil glut
1119:
1116:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1057:Saddam Hussein
1049:slant drilling
968:
967:
965:
964:
963:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
922:
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
890:
889:
888:
883:
873:
867:
864:
863:
856:
855:
848:
841:
833:
824:
823:
821:
820:
815:
807:Post-ceasefire
804:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
684:
683:
678:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
638:
635:
634:
625:
624:
617:
610:
602:
594:
593:
591:
590:
583:
576:
569:
566:
563:
556:
553:
550:
546:
543:
542:
539:
535:
533:
530:
529:
526:
523:
519:
515:
514:
511:
507:
504:
503:
499:
498:
496:
495:
488:
481:
473:
470:
466:
465:
461:
460:
459:
458:
448:
438:
428:
404:
403:
402:
389:
376:
364:
336:
335:
334:Units involved
331:
330:
277:
220:Saddam Hussein
209:
208:
204:
203:
190:
188:Iraqi Republic
177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
167:
165:
164:
158:
154:within Iraq's
147:
140:
134:
133:
132:
131:
125:
119:
113:
105:Iraqi victory
102:
98:
97:
92:
90:
86:
85:
80:
72:
71:
54:
53:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5547:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5221:Wadi al-Batin
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:Iran–Iraq War
5114:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5052:
5050:
5045:
5043:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5022:
5014:
5012:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4992:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4827:Iraqi Turkmen
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4462:(legislative)
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4395:Syrian Desert
4393:
4391:
4390:Shatt al-Arab
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4325:Faw peninsula
4323:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:Fall of Mosul
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4240:U.S. invasion
4238:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4203:Iran–Iraq War
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:Buyid dynasty
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Halaf culture
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3858:
3853:
3851:
3846:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3755:
3754:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3711:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3652:. Kuwait City
3651:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3561:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3402:. p. 622
3401:
3394:
3388:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3339:
3324:. 14 May 2009
3323:
3319:
3313:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3236:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3175:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3113:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3073:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3011:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2888:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2674:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2651:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2603:1-57718-090-9
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2455:
2453:0-19-926963-7
2449:
2445:
2438:
2432:, 7 June 1989
2431:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2334:
2325:
2317:
2311:
2292:
2285:
2279:
2270:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2167:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1962:Kuwait portal
1952:
1949:
1938:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1899:
1892:Post–Gulf War
1889:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1863:United States
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:over 170,000
1796:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1649:
1646:and the U.S.
1645:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1318:According to
1316:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:April Glaspie
1284:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1213:Great Britain
1210:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1156:Rumaila field
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:Iran–Iraq War
1069:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:Iran–Iraq War
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
926:
923:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
894:
891:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
865:
854:
849:
847:
842:
840:
835:
834:
831:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
808:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
757:
756:
755:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:
716:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
689:
688:
682:
681:Wadi al-Batin
679:
677:
674:
673:
672:
671:
670:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
652:Dasman Palace
650:
648:
645:
644:
643:
642:
636:
631:
623:
618:
616:
611:
609:
604:
603:
600:
588:
584:
581:
577:
574:
570:
567:
565:17 ships sunk
564:
561:
557:
554:
551:
548:
547:
540:
537:
536:
534:
527:
524:
521:
520:
512:
509:
508:
506:
505:
500:
493:
489:
486:
482:
479:
475:
474:
471:
468:
467:
462:
457:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
437:
433:
429:
427:
423:
419:
418:
417:
416:
405:
401:
390:
388:
377:
375:
365:
363:
352:
351:
350:
349:
338:
337:
332:
329:
327:
321:
310:
299:
288:
278:
276:
265:
254:
243:
232:
221:
211:
210:
205:
202:
191:
189:
179:
178:
173:
163:
159:
157:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
136:
135:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
100:
99:
95:
91:
88:
87:
84:(2 days)
81:
78:
77:
73:
70:
66:
60:
55:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
5470:1990 in Iraq
5405:
5357:
5286:Air campaign
5246:Medina Ridge
5088:Participants
4855:Christianity
4737:Demographics
4671:Oil reserves
4666:Oil Industry
4633:Central Bank
4529:Human rights
4455:Constitution
4400:Tigris river
4380:Persian Gulf
4088:Ottoman Iraq
4073:Qara Qoyunlu
3907:Ubaid period
3790:
3783:
3777:20 September
3775:. Retrieved
3761:
3751:
3745:20 September
3743:. Retrieved
3729:
3710:
3700:
3685:
3666:
3654:. Retrieved
3647:
3637:
3618:
3610:The Guardian
3609:
3599:
3588:
3579:
3560:
3548:. Retrieved
3542:
3529:
3521:The Guardian
3520:
3510:
3500:28 September
3498:. Retrieved
3494:the original
3484:
3476:
3461:
3449:. Retrieved
3445:
3435:
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3399:
3387:
3370:
3347:
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3321:
3312:
3300:. Retrieved
3296:
3261:(1): 31–46.
3258:
3254:
3244:
3235:
3223:. Retrieved
3219:
3190:. Retrieved
3186:
3161:. Retrieved
3157:
3116:. Retrieved
3114:. Arab Times
3106:
3072:
3060:. Retrieved
3048:
3020:
3010:
2998:. Retrieved
2991:the original
2986:
2974:
2965:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2936:the original
2931:
2919:
2900:
2892:
2887:
2868:
2856:
2845:
2836:
2826:
2820:
2810:12 September
2808:. Retrieved
2804:the original
2799:
2796:"John Kelly"
2790:
2766:
2756:
2748:
2738:
2723:
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1602:choke points
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1588:half brother
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1526:Saudi Arabia
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175:Belligerents
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5226:Al Busayyah
5011:WikiProject
4812:Marsh Arabs
4797:Circassians
4478:Foreign aid
4370:Mesopotamia
3932:Uruk period
2391:Cooper, Tom
2259:19 December
2020:Al Moquatel
1948:Iraq portal
1916:Palestinian
1448:and two of
1221:irredentist
1160:Arab League
1150:across the
1085:broke out,
771:Al Busayyah
573:I-Hawk SAMs
513:361 wounded
426:Kuwait Army
137:Territorial
69:Kuwait City
5520:Annexation
5464:Categories
5404:Operation
5356:Operation
5251:2nd Kuwait
5236:73 Easting
5231:67 Easting
5109:Background
4928:Television
4908:Literature
4870:Irreligion
4845:Secularism
4782:Minorities
4650:(currency)
4643:Corruption
4488:Government
4279:Insurgency
4078:Aq Qoyunlu
3899:Chronology
2409:27 October
2370:23 January
2008:References
1896:See also:
1741:policy of
1618:hostages.
1543:A Kuwaiti
1478:-equipped
1465:Mirage F1s
1223:claims to
1141:Tariq Aziz
1072:Background
766:73 Easting
737:Ras Tanura
580:M109 155mm
560:Mirage F1s
538:420 killed
510:295 killed
400:Iraqi Navy
242:Tariq Aziz
5525:Invasions
5421:Memorials
5349:Aftermath
5185:Coalition
5095:Australia
4948:Squatting
4913:Education
4860:Mandaeism
4829:/Turkoman
4807:Mandaeans
4792:Assyrians
4787:Armenians
4750:Languages
4638:Companies
4593:Judiciary
4503:President
4473:Elections
4468:Democracy
4314:Geography
4230:Sanctions
4148:2003–2011
4143:1968–2003
4138:1958–1968
3997:Babylonia
3612:. London.
3523:. London.
3446:Scroll.in
3267:0026-3141
3057:0190-8286
2708:0362-4331
2300:1 October
1982:Bollywood
1795:evacuated
1717:Aftermath
1637:car bombs
1522:scrambled
1502:, and an
1492:battalion
1446:Mirage F1
1444:, one of
1440:, one of
1426:Mil Mi-17
1415:Mil Mi-25
1376:divisions
1360:An Iraqi
1261:sheikhdom
1136:crude oil
1081:When the
693:Ad-Dawrah
485:Air Force
287:Jaber III
67:tanks in
5485:Gulf War
5063:Gulf War
4991:Category
4840:Religion
4817:Persians
4701:Railways
4696:Airlines
4578:Military
4439:Politics
4415:Wildlife
4405:Umm Qasr
4235:Iraq War
4218:Gulf War
4130:Republic
4083:Safavids
4046:638–1958
3824:Archived
3798:Archived
3771:Archived
3739:Archived
3718:Archived
3693:Archived
3674:Archived
3656:17 April
3626:Archived
3568:Archived
3550:17 April
3469:Archived
3451:11 April
3424:Archived
3406:26 March
3355:Archived
3328:28 April
3322:BBC News
3302:28 April
3225:28 April
3192:28 April
3163:28 April
3118:15 March
3081:Archived
3062:7 August
2968:: 74–75.
2908:Archived
2876:Archived
2779:Archived
2731:Archived
2590:(2004).
2548:17 April
2403:Archived
2364:Archived
2310:cite web
2208:UKHL 19.
2114:20 April
2079:20 April
2049:20 April
2023:Archived
1934:See also
1781:governor
1771:of the "
1508:Al Jahra
1480:aerostat
1469:Skyhawks
1430:Bell 412
1422:Mil Mi-8
1411:squadron
1346:Invasion
1273:Al Sabah
1208:de facto
981:Gulf War
747:Amiriyah
630:Gulf War
562:captured
476:16,000 (
464:Strength
320:Fahad IV
309:Sabah IV
89:Location
51:Gulf War
5319:Samurra
5271:Rumaila
5266:Norfolk
5261:Jalibah
5209:Battles
5021:Commons
4938:Smoking
4903:Culture
4898:Cuisine
4881:General
4865:Yazidis
4822:Solluba
4775:Persian
4765:Kurdish
4760:Aramaic
4725:Society
4706:Tourism
4617:Economy
4365:Islands
4340:Borders
4165: (
4155:present
4090:(incl.
4002:Assyria
3947:Subartu
3887:History
3753:UPI.com
3275:4328660
3000:5 March
2945:5 March
2505:3012998
2233:27 June
2156:27 June
1977:Airlift
1767:as the
1530:Bahrain
1488:Brigade
1362:Type 69
1190:of the
1187:Vilayet
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490:1,800 (
483:2,200 (
326:†
139:changes
5428:London
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5276:Safwan
5216:Khafji
5001:Portal
4943:Sports
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4648:Dinar
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3875:topics
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1750:Kuwait
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1295:, the
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1225:Kuwait
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5100:Women
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4802:Kurds
4628:Banks
4566:Women
4360:Lakes
4153:2011–
4113:Kings
3942:Sumer
3396:(PDF)
3271:JSTOR
2994:(PDF)
2983:(PDF)
2939:(PDF)
2928:(PDF)
2713:8 May
2501:JSTOR
2294:(PDF)
2287:(PDF)
1855:China
1847:India
1743:Iraqi
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1510:(see
1476:radar
1442:Su-25
1378:(the
1269:Basra
1100:Basra
698:Qurah
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4833:Jews
4556:LGBT
4520:List
4508:List
3873:Iraq
3779:2016
3747:2016
3658:2010
3552:2010
3502:2018
3453:2015
3408:2024
3330:2023
3304:2023
3263:ISSN
3227:2023
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3165:2023
3120:2014
3064:2023
3053:ISSN
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2772:WNPR
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2704:ISSN
2598:ISBN
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2411:2016
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2316:link
2302:2018
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2051:2010
1980:— A
1859:NATO
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