1566:
after 1770 totally ceased marrying princesses off to
Northern and Western Mongols, only marrying them off to princes from the southern Mongols who voluntarily surrendered to them before the establishment of the Qing, who numbered 7 tribes and 13 banners since the locations they inhabited were vital to Qing security unlike the steppes of the Northern and Western Mongols since the wars between the Zunghars and Khalkhas was over. During the Qianlong reign in 1751 and Jiaqing reign in 1801, the Qing emperors deliberately issued decrees eliminating Mongols from potential grooms of Qing princesses and started replacing them with majority Manchu grooms. The Qing at this time no longer needed the support of Mongols and started marrying off their daughters to majority Manchu grooms instead of Mongols.
559:
1339:'s sons was given a Khitan consort from the Liao palace, and another one of his sons was given a Khitan princess by the Jin at the Jin supreme capital. The Jurchens continued to give new wives to the captured Song royals, the grandsons and sons of the Emperor Huizong of Song after they took away their original ethnic Han wives. The Jin told the Song royals that they were fortunate because the Liao royals were being treated much worse by the Jin than the Song royals, Jin soldiers were given the children of the
6575:
3522:
4668:
4641:
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1547:(王三) because Rinong wanted to hold on to Wang San and make him stay with the Mongols. The Ming arrested and executed Wang San in 1544 because Mongol soldiers were being guided by Wang San. Builders, carpenters, officers, and important prisoners such as the Ming Zhengtong Emperor often ethnic received Mongol wives.
2858:(A dissertation presented by Qiaomei Tang to The Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of East Asian Languages and Civilizations). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University. pp. 151, 152, 153.
1569:
Ethnic Han generals who defected to the Qing early on were sometimes married to Qing princesses due to the desperate need of the Qing for military allies at that time and their use of marrying their women off to get them, although this is less frequent than the case where Aisin Gioro women married to
3183:
Gao Huan, as demanded by Yujiulü Anagui as one of the peace terms between
Eastern Wei and Rouran, married the Princess Ruru in 545, and had her take the place of Princess Lou as his wife, but never formally divorced Princess Lou. After Gao Huan's death, pursuant to Rouran customs, the Princess Ruru
1565:
and further west into Inner Asia. The marriage between ethnic Manchu princesses and ethnic Mongol princes continued to the end of Qing dynasty, although becoming less prominent after the 18th century due to the decline of the
Mongols' political and military influence within the empire and the Qing
1560:
who married off 12 of his daughters to ethnic Mongol elites, when the Qing needed military support. In the early period of Qing, a large amount of intermarriage between the two groups happened, and the Qing rulers used this tie to gain the military support from the Mongol tribes. The marriage also
5193:
5300:
1499:. Duan Sengnu raised Duan Bao to take revenge against Basalawarmi for the killing of Duan Gong. A play was made based on these events. According to Yuan documents, the Duan family were originally ethnic Han from Wuwei commandery, Gansu. Other Duan families also originated from Wuwei.
1359:
The Geng family of Han descent intermarried with the
Khitans and the Han 韓 clan provided two of their women as wives to Geng Yanyi and the second one was the mother of Geng Zhixin. Empress Rende's sister, a member of the Xiao clan, was the mother of Han Chinese General Geng Yanyi.
1441:
in Henan led to a recommendation that Zhao Wanpu should be transferred somewhere else by an
Imperial Censor in 1352. The Yuan did not want the ethnic Han rebels to get their hands on Zhao Wanpu so no one was permitted to see him and Zhao Wanpu's family and himself were exiled to
1555:
In the total span of the Qing dynasty, the number of ethnic Mongol grooms of Qing princesses was the largest. More than 58 percent of imperial sons-in-law were
Mongols. A total of 32 princesses married Mongols but the majority of these were in the early Qing like Emperor
1335:. The Song male princes who were captured were given ethnic Khitan women to marry from the Liao dynasty palace by the Jin, who had also defeated and conquered the Liao. The original Han wives of the Song princes were confiscated and replaced with Khitan ones. One of the
822:
started to arrange for ethnic Han elites to marry daughters of the imperial family in the 480s. More than fifty percent of Tuoba
Xianbei princesses of the Northern Wei were married to southern Han men from the imperial families and aristocrats from southern China of the
1570:
ethnic Mongol aristocrats or other Manchu elites. Unlike the marriage between
Manchus and southern Mongols that lasted throughout the Qing dynasty, the marriages between Qing princesses and ethnic Han generals ceased before 1750 as Qing rule was consolidated by then.
4931:
2666:. Curatores seriei VICTOR SPINEI et IONEL CANDEÂ VII. Vol. The Urban Civilization of Northern and Innermost Asia Historical and Archaeological Research. ROMANIAN ACADEMY INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY OF IAȘI Editura Academiei Romane - Editura Istros. p. 245.
537:
and defected in the first century BCE. And since the Tang imperial Li family also claimed descent from Li Guang, the
Kirghiz Khagan was therefore recognized as a member of the Tang imperial family. This relationship soothed the relationship when Kyrgyz khagan
1468:, identified references by Rashid al-Din to Zhao Xian in his book where he mentions a Chinese ruler who was an "emir" and son-in-law to the Qan (Khan) after being removed from his throne by the Mongols and he is also called "Monarch of Song", or "
5477:
5424:
5339:
5261:
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4432:
145:
strategy with an enemy state that was too powerful to defeat on the battlefield. The policy was not always effective. It implied an equal diplomatic status between the two monarchs. As a result, it was controversial and had many critics.
2039:
Liu Jing said: "The Han dynasty was just calm, the soldiers were exhausted by the fire, and the
Xiongnu could not be ... If the majesty could not send a big princess, let the royal woman or the fake princess, he I will know that I will
2070:
In the Han- Wusun alliance (unlike the Han- Xiongnu heqin agreements) the gifts flowed in the proper direction, ... Thus, while Empress Lü transgressed the heqin marriage in having a false princess sent, Liu Jing's original proposal
2122:... 孝文皇帝 sent a girl as a new wife for the Chanyu as a 'fake princess of Royal family' with a eunuch named '中行 ... The Han lured the Xiongnu chief deep into the China proper town called "馬邑," but Gunchen Chanyu realized the trap ...
2091:
Figuring the Foreign in the Early Han Dynasty Tamara Ta Lun Chin ... Emperor Han Wudi's military push to reverse the power relations between Xiongnu and Han stands in stark contrast to the original ... Xiongnu with a false princess
2018:
There were altogether nine marriages of Han princesses (fake or real) to the Xiongnu during these roughly 60 years (for a complete list of details, see Cui 2007a, 555). We will call this policy Heqin Model One, and, as Ying-shih Yu
4978:
1355:
arranged for women from the consort Xiao clan to marry members of the Han 韓 clan of ethnic Han descent, which originated in Jizhou 冀州 before being abducted by the Liao and becoming part of the ethnic Han elites of the Liao.
1209:
marries Princess Yongle (永乐公主), the daughter of Yang Yuansi (杨元嗣) and a daughter of Li Xu, Prince of Dongping (东平王李续, son of Li Shen, Prince of Ji, the seventeenth son of Emperor Taizong), to Li Shihuo (李失活), leader of the
3448:
954:. Jincheng commandery (金城 in Lanzhou), district of Yuzhong (榆中) was the home of the Qu Jia. The Qu family was linked by marriage alliances to the Turks, with a Turk being the grandmother of King Qu Boya's.
2688:
511:
and to form an alliance with the Yuezhi people in order to combat the Xiongnu. During this time Zhang married a Xiongnu wife, who bore him a son, and gained the trust of the Xiongnu leader.
1759:
married its princesses off to chieftains of the local clans in the northern mountains and regional rivals to establish alliances with them. The Lý family married one of their princesses (
3293:
1248:
745: Emperor Xuanzong marries his granddaughter, Princess Jingle (静乐公主, daughter of his fifteenth daughter Princess Xincheng 信成公主 and Dugu Ming 独孤明), to Khitan prince Li Huaixiu (李怀秀).
1581:
clan practiced marriage alliances with Ming generals of Han descent and Mongol princes. Aisin Gioro women were married to ethnic Han generals who defected to the Qing side during the
827:
who defected and moved north to join the Northern Wei. Some exiled royalty of Han descent fled from southern China and defected to the Northern Wei. Several daughters of the Xianbei
1731:'s second daughter married the Han Bannerman Li Shu'ao (李淑鰲) in September/October 1707 and his fourth daughter married the Han Bannerman Sun Cheng'en (孫承恩) in February/March 1710.
665:. Because she was unable to forge a golden statue with her own hands, she was never formally empress, but was nevertheless recognized and respected as Emperor Mingyuan's wife,
974:
marriage during the Sui dynasty therefore returned to its original purpose of trying to appease barbarian tribes surrounding the Sui. There were a total of seven instances of
586:, with both the Cao rulers marrying Khotanese princesses and with Cao princesses marrying Khotan rulers. A Khotan princess who was the daughter of the King of Khotan married
1386:, with both the Cao rulers marrying Uighur princesses and with Cao princesses marrying Uighur rulers. The Ganzhou Uighur Khagan's daughter was married to Cao Yijin in 916.
622:
marriages during the Sixteen Kingdoms period were made primarily to settle rivalries and maintain a balance of power between the various states in China at the time.
3930:. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. Istituto italiano per il medio ed estremo oriente. 1979. p. 295
3892:. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. Istituto italiano per il medio ed estremo oriente. 1979. p. 295
1324:
married the Khitan women Lady Xiao (蕭氏), Consort Chen (宸妃), Lady Yelü (耶律氏), Consort Li (麗妃), Lady Yelü (耶律氏), Consort Rou (柔妃) and Lady Yelü (耶律氏), Zhaoyuan (昭媛).
1241:
744: Emperor Xuanzong marries Princess Heyi (和义公主), a daughter of Li Can, Magistrate of Gaocheng (告城县令李参), to Axilan Dagan (阿悉烂达干), King of Ningyuan (宁远国王) in the
1230:
726: Emperor Xuanzong marries Princess Dongguang (东光公主), the daughter of Emperor Xuanzong's first cousin Li Jijiang, Princess Cheng'an (成安公主李季姜 eighth daughter of
6616:
4335:
The Care-taker Emperor: Aspects of the Imperial Institution in Fifteenth-century China as Reflected in the Political History of the Reign of Chu Chʾi-yü
3388:
6601:
3964:
158:
5919:
3278:
Accounts of Western Nations in the History of the Northern Chou Dynasty [Chou Shu 50. 10b-17b]: Translated and Annotated by Roy Andrew Miller
3113:... Southern Song.105 We read the story of a certain Zhang Huan 張歡 in the Zhoushu, who married a sister of Emperor Xiaowu 宣武帝 of the Northern Wei (r.
1846:(義順). She was a collateral branches of the Korean royal family, and daughter of Yi Gae-yun (李愷胤). Dorgon married two Korean princesses at Lianshan.
1778:
engaged in a similar practice, marrying Tran princesses to regional allies. Later, the Hồ family, which was also of Chinese origin, established the
3507:
4830:
4803:
4393:
614:
in two main ways. First, they involved "real" princesses (i.e. daughters of emperors or rulers). Second, unlike during the Han dynasty, when most
2403:
1931:
4077:. Vol. 4 of Selected Guide to Chinese Literature 1900-1949, Vol 4. European Science Foundation (illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 126.
1312:
later rebelled against the Liao dynasty, sacked and destroyed the Liao supreme capital and burned the ancestral tombs of the Liao emperors. The
3479:
2345:
The Sinitic Civilization Book II: A Factual History Through the Lens of Archaeology, Bronzeware, Astronomy, Divination, Calendar and the Annals
1655:
1492:
1366:(Yelü Longyun) was the father of Queen dowager of the State of Chen, who was the wife of General Geng Yanyi and buried with him in his tomb in
1041:
4153:
2850:
1539:
A Mongol girl was given in marriage by the Gün-bilig-mergen Mongol Ordos leader Rinong (Jinong) to the ethnic Han officer of the Datong Army
1488:
4513:
5657:
1430:
539:
3480:
Hsueh-man Shen; Asia Society; Asia Society. Museum; Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst (Berlin, Germany), Museum Rietberg (1 September 2006).
1627:) and Hong Taiji in 1632 to promote harmony between the two ethnic groups. Aisin Gioro women were married to the sons of the Han generals
1213:
717: Princess Jianghe (交河公主), the daughter of Ashina Nahuaidao, 10th Khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate, marries Sulu Khan, Khagan of
2539:
1619:
to the Manchu in 1618. A mass marriage of Han officers and officials to Manchu women numbering 1,000 couples was arranged by Prince Yoto
587:
5404:
4568:
1628:
1544:
1496:
141:
marrying princesses—usually members of minor branches of the ruling family—to rulers of neighboring states. It was often adopted as an
2715:
The role of women in the Altaic world : Permanent International Altaistic Conference, 44th meeting, Walberberg, 26-31 August 2001
1158:
664: Emperor Gaozong marries Lady Jinming (金明县主), the daughter of a Tang imperial clansman, to Prince Talumomo of Tuyuhun (吐谷浑王子闼卢摸末).
3861:
1155:
marries Lady Jincheng (金城县主), the third daughter of Li Dao'en, Prince of Guiji (会稽郡王李道恩), to Prince Sudumomo of Tuyuhun (吐谷浑王子苏度摸末).
6216:
5150:
215:
The Han dynasty sent women from the Han imperial family multiple times while practising Heqin marriage alliances with the Xiongnu.
3540:
2217:
1013:. After the khagan's death in 621, Princess Yicheng remarried for the fourth and final time to his successor and younger brother,
5811:
5399:
4563:
4180:
2592:
The role of women in the Altaic world: Permanent International Altaistic Conference, 44th meeting, Walberberg, 26-31 August 2001
2246:
The role of women in the Altaic world: Permanent International Altaistic Conference, 44th meeting, Walberberg, 26–31 August 2001
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1999:
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835:
royal Liu Hui 刘辉, married Princess Lanling 蘭陵公主 of the Northern Wei, Princess Huayang 華陽公主 to Sima Fei 司馬朏, a descendant of
5284:
4072:
3991:
3098:
Good Son is Sad If He Hears the Name of His Father: The Tabooing of Names in China as a Way of Implementing Social Values
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2011:
1407:
1048:. After Murong Shifu's assassination in 597, Princess Guanghua remarried Murong Shifu's successor and younger brother,
1009:. After Shibi Qaghan's death in 619, Princess Yicheng again remarried to Shibi Qaghan's successor and younger brother,
848:
4458:
3925:
1370:
in Liaoning. His wife was also known as "Madame Han". The Geng's tomb is located in Liaoning at Guyingzi in Chaoying.
5372:
5333:
5131:
4972:
4442:
4343:
4099:
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3815:
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Drompp, Michael R. (1999). "Breaking the Orkhon Tradition: Kirghiz Adherence to the Yenisei Region after A. D. 840".
1694:
1675:
876:
2796:
2506:
1433:
was kept alive by the Yuan because of his mother's Borjigin ancestry even after Zhao Xian was ordered killed by the
5650:
3783:. CHINA SOUTHEAST ASIA History (illustrated, reprint ed.). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 269.
3751:
2469:
2370:
1227:
726: Emperor Xuanzong marries his niece, Princess Donghua (东华公主, surname Chen 陈), to Khitan prince Li Shaogu (李邵固).
730:
715:
662:
4483:
4395:
History of the eastern Mongols during the Ming dynasty from 1368 to 1634, part. I, translation of the Russian text
2173:
5799:
4376:
4360:
3724:
3697:
3418:
3249:
3069:
2084:
828:
696:
5076:
4947:
1708:
Imperial Duke Who Assists the State (宗室輔國公) Aisin Gioro Suyan's (蘇燕) daughter was married to Han Banner general
6555:
6147:
4217:
4190:
4163:
4082:
3581:
Uygur Patronage In Dunhuang: Regional Art Centres On The Northern Silk Road In The Tenth and Eleventh Centuries
3276:
2798:
Uygur Patronage In Dunhuang: Regional Art Centres On The Northern Silk Road In The Tenth and Eleventh Centuries
2634:
2288:
2227:
1331:
and seized a large number of the Song imperial family. Song princesses were married off to Jin princes such as
864:
770:
Princess Qianjin (千金公主), daughter of Yuwen Zhao, Prince of Zhao (赵王宇文招) and a member of the imperial family of
33:
5461:
5418:
5323:
5255:
5216:
1183:
709: Empress Wu Zetian marries her great-granddaughter Princess Jincheng (金城公主), the daughter of her grandson
6164:
6142:
5833:
2133:
1527:
marriage and then placing him back in Beijing with his new wife. The emperor rejected the marriage proposal.
786:
683:
49:
2881:
439:
BC, she remarried Huhanye's successor (his son by his first wife and thus her stepson) Fuzhuleiruodi Chanyu.
3319:
1582:
789:
marries his daughter, Princess Xiao, to Yang Guang, Prince of Jin, the second son Emperor Ming's overlord,
699:
period, China was divided into many rival states. A complicated system of rivalries and vassalage existed.
4582:
1727:'s first daughter married the Han Bannerman Sun Wufu (孫五福) in July/August 1724. Manchu Prince Aisin Gioro
703:
marriage was employed as a method to maintain a balance of power or to solidify alliances between states.
6259:
5794:
5643:
3887:
1806:, in 1618. In return, the king granted the Vietnamese the right to establish settlements in Mô Xoài (now
1803:
1309:
456:(the Xiongnu ruler) to Han people who joined the Xiongnu and Xiongnu in Han service. The daughter of the
435:(王昭君 52 BC – 15), a lady of the imperial harem, to Xiongnu chieftain Huhanye. After Huhanye's death in 31
2595:. Vol. 152 of Asiatische Forschungen (illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 61.
2249:. Vol. 152 of Asiatische Forschungen (illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 61.
1251:
745: Emperor Xuanzong marries Princess Yifang (宜芳公主), daughter of Princess Changning (长宁公主, daughter of
1224:
marries Princess Yanjun (燕郡公主) (surname Murong (慕容)), a Tang "princess", to Khitan prince Li Yuyu (李郁于).
6611:
6579:
6309:
3949:
3911:
3661:"Chapter 6 The Journey of Zhao Xian and the Exile of Royal Descendants in the Yuan Dynasty (1271 1358)"
3071:
Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.3 & 4): A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four
2981:
2746:
2436:
794:
382:
3863:
3862:
Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (1991).
3838:
3805:
3778:
1940:
452:
practiced marriage alliances with Han dynasty officers and officials by marrying off daughters of the
416:
tradition, married his successor (and younger brother), King Wengguimi. After Wengguimi's death in 60
200:
The 20th-century scholar Wang Tonglin praised heqin for facilitating the "melting of races" in China.
6411:
4275:
2000:"11 Legalism and offensive realism in the Chinese court debate on defending national security 81 BCE"
1811:
1252:
1231:
836:
5628:
5057:
Nhà xuất bản Văn hóa – thông tin, 2004, p.580; Giáo sư Hoàng Xuân Việt, Nguyễn Minh Tiến hiệu đính,
1536:
said that Zhengtong Emperor had a son with an ethnic Mongol woman he married while he was prisoner.
420:
BC, Princess Jieyou again remarried his successor King Nimi (son of Junximi and a Xiongnu princess).
5879:
5789:
4962:
1838:
Korea was forced to give several of their royal princesses as concubines to the Qing regent Prince
1723:'s fourth daughter married the Han Bannerman Zhao Shiyang (趙世揚) in 1721. Manchu Prince Aisin Gioro
1221:
1206:
997:
marries another Sui princess, Princess Yicheng (义成公主), the daughter of a Sui imperial clansman, to
779:
629:, Emperor Xuanzhao of Former Qin, married one of his daughters to Yang Ding, ruler of the state of
522:
4207:
4185:. Vol. 0 of Titolo collana (2, illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 710.
1144:
642: Emperor Taizong proposed the marriage of his fifteenth daughter, Princess Xinxing (新兴公主), to
1033:
married his youngest daughter, Princess Huainan (淮南公主), to the new heir, Shibi's eldest son, Tuli.
499:
married a Xiongnu woman given by Li Ling when he was arrested and taken captive. The Han explorer
6236:
6211:
4517:
3431:"Fan and Han: The Origins and Uses of a Conceptual Dichotomy in Mid-Imperial China, ca. 500–1200"
3184:
became married to Gao Huan's son Gao Cheng, who also, however, did not formally divorce his wife.
1866:
1831:
1764:
1540:
1340:
1336:
1313:
1195:
1173:
1152:
1130:
1119:
887:
381:(刘细君 130–101 BC), daughter of Liu Jian (刘建), Prince of Jiangdu (江都王 d. 121 BC), granddaughter of
4557:
3414:
879:
which mention his marriage to a Xianbei princess of Wei. His personal name was changed due to a
682:
433: Juqu Mengxun, Prince of Northern Liang, marries his daughter, Princess Xingping (兴平公主), to
6431:
6152:
5967:
4749:
4722:
4158:. Vol. 0 of Titolo collana (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 710.
3541:
https://www.academia.edu/4954295/La_Steppe_et_l_Empire_la_formation_de_la_dynastie_Khitan_Liao_
1455:
1383:
1259:
610:
marriage alliances during the Sixteen Kingdoms period differed from those practiced during the
503:
married a Xiongnu woman and had a child with her when he was taken captive by the Xiongnu. The
5570:
5549:
5286:
The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China
5028:
5001:
4776:
4751:
The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China
4724:
The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China
4695:
4410:
3660:
3363:
3336:
3222:
3158:
2952:
2624:
2563:
2343:
2312:
2278:
2192:
The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China
2034:
Historical Records 史记: The First and Most Important Biographical General History Book in China
1760:
6383:
5884:
5615:
5503:
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5123:
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3552:
3195:
2925:
2898:
2823:
2590:
2244:
2190:
1332:
626:
4879:
4616:
2979:
2660:
The Urban Civilization of Northern and Innermost Asia Historical and Archaeological Research
1343:
as gifts while the Song emperor was allowed to keep his children while he was in captivity.
566:, Cao Yanlu, is here shown wearing elaborate headdress decorated with jade pieces. Mural in
6436:
6426:
6421:
6388:
6359:
5899:
5393:
5388:
4552:
3131:
3042:
1464:
1438:
1414:
224:
162:
3295:
Straddling steppe and town: Tang China's relations with the nomads of inner Asia (640–756)
2629:. Vol. 13 of Brill's Inner Asian library (illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 126.
2283:. Vol. 13 of Brill's Inner Asian library (illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 126.
1300:
asked for a Song princess to marry the Liao emperor in the negotiations leading up to the
487:
Khagans claimed descent from Li Ling. Another Han general who defected to the Xiongnu was
8:
6446:
6441:
6393:
6364:
6336:
6254:
6137:
6095:
5926:
2986:. Australian National University, Department of Far Eastern History. pp. 86, 87, 88.
1055:
1030:
1020:
872:
856:
798:
428:
344:
329:
314:
5600:"The Chinese Princess Wencheng in Tibet: A Cultural Intermediary between Facts and Myth"
5154:
558:
6264:
6105:
5954:
5933:
5889:
5816:
5804:
5744:
5739:
5666:
4398:. Chinese Cultural Studies Research Institute, West China Union University. p. 51.
3943:
3905:
3501:
3018:
2777:
2740:
1728:
1702:
1698:
1632:
1598:
1271:
1037:
994:
983:
947:
824:
790:
472:
299:
284:
269:
254:
239:
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2055:
Savage Exchange: Han Imperialism, Chinese Literary Style, and the Economic Imagination
6328:
6314:
6282:
6244:
6169:
6159:
6017:
5962:
5947:
5860:
5838:
5828:
5766:
5761:
5734:
5685:
5584:
5555:
5534:
5509:
5467:
5368:
5329:
5290:
5222:
5183:
5127:
5116:
5082:
5034:
5007:
4968:
4937:
4910:
4885:
4836:
4809:
4782:
4755:
4728:
4701:
4674:
4647:
4620:
4438:
4339:
4312:
4285:
4255:
4223:
4213:
4186:
4159:
4132:
4105:
4078:
4051:
4024:
3997:
3970:
3811:
3784:
3757:
3730:
3703:
3676:
3639:
3612:
3585:
3558:
3487:
3369:
3342:
3299:
3255:
3228:
3201:
3164:
3160:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E.
3135:
3102:
3075:
3046:
2960:
2931:
2904:
2829:
2802:
2728:
2718:
2694:
2667:
2630:
2596:
2569:
2512:
2479:
2442:
2409:
2376:
2349:
2322:
2284:
2250:
2223:
2196:
2153:
2111:
2059:
2007:
1871:
1860:
1855:
1562:
1516:
1451:
1403:
1328:
1134:
1063:
1002:
1001:. After his death in 609, Princess Yicheng, in accordance with the Göktürk custom of
886:
When the Eastern Jin dynasty ended Northern Wei received the Jin prince Sima Chuzhi (
639:, Emperor Gao of Former Qin, married his younger sister, Princess Dongping (东平公主) to
583:
504:
397:
374:
359:
190:
178:
138:
4609:
2852:
Divorce and the Divorced Woman in Early Medieval China (First through Sixth Century)
1316:
was executed by the Jurchens during a polo match. Liao imperial princesses from the
1138:
915:
764:
675:, Prince Wenzhao of Western Qin, married his daughter, Princess Xingping (兴平公主), to
6560:
6550:
6519:
6040:
5997:
5874:
3668:
3010:
2999:"Slaves and Other Comparable Social Groups During The Northern Dynasties (386-618)"
2769:
1819:
1799:
1775:
1768:
1740:
1267:
1100:
911:
832:
760:
748:
719:
599:
543:
150:
84:
3125:
3036:
1783:
1479:
Duan Gong was married to the Borjigin princess Agai, daughter of the Yuan dynasty
1437:. Instead Zhao Wanpu was only moved and exiled. The outbreak of the Song loyalist
1270:. In exchange, Princess Pijia (毗伽公主), daughter of Bayanchur, marries Li Chengcai (
6487:
6369:
6196:
6064:
6035:
6025:
5905:
5848:
5843:
5749:
5717:
5578:
5524:
4020:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 – 1644
3699:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 – 1644
3416:
1795:
1663:
1476:
1301:
1162:
661:, Emperor Wenhuan of Later Qin, married his daughter, Princess Xiping (西平公主), to
651:
508:
484:
288:
273:
2537:
56:
40:
6475:
6470:
6226:
6201:
6110:
6030:
6002:
5980:
5972:
5940:
5912:
5853:
5821:
5707:
5695:
5680:
2676:. Florilegium magistrorum historiae archaeologiaeque Antiqutatis et Medii Aevi.
1843:
1779:
1671:
1659:
1651:
1523:. Esen Taishi tried to force the Zhengtong Emperor to marry Esen's sister in a
1305:
1263:
1242:
1123:
1088:
895:
775:
742:
738:
515:
378:
363:
348:
333:
318:
303:
105:
5551:
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4556:
3672:
3537:
3324:. Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica. 1998. p. 87.
161:
Liu 劉), the architect of the policy, proposed granting the eldest daughter of
6595:
6528:
6482:
6299:
6249:
6007:
5894:
5771:
5690:
5030:
Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400-1800
4933:
Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400–1800
4864:
4227:
2732:
1679:
1620:
1574:
1480:
1395:
1379:
1293:
1092:
1010:
919:
890:) as a refugee. A Northern Wei Princess married Sima Chuzhi, giving birth to
860:
852:
771:
579:
1807:
1756:
1198:
marries his granddaughter, Princess Jinshan (金山公主), the daughter of his son
6545:
4462:
4212:. Vol. 57 of Asian thought and culture. Peter Lang. pp. 11, 121.
4128:
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3993:
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1709:
1687:
1624:
1532:
1520:
1447:
1418:
1399:
1352:
1321:
1297:
1145:
1076:
1049:
1024:
1014:
1006:
967:
891:
880:
868:
819:
752:
723:
676:
432:
194:
182:
91:
2134:
https://www.academia.edu/5147439/Aristocratic_elites_in_the_Xiongnu_empire
1320:
family and Xiao family were also distributed to Jin princes as concubine.
839:
royalty, Princess Jinan 濟南公主 to Lu Daoqian 盧道虔, Princess Nanyang 南阳长公主 to
6465:
6287:
6090:
5392:
5081:. Saigon Arts, Culture & Education Institute Forum. Outskirts Press.
4304:
2955:. In Swartz, Wendy; Campany, Robert Ford; Lu, Yang; Choo, Jessey (eds.).
1594:
1578:
1512:
1484:
1434:
1421:
in 1276 and was married off to an ethnic Mongol princess of the imperial
998:
987:
963:
943:
927:
899:
844:
840:
734:
706:
During the Northern and Southern dynasties, there were five instances of
672:
666:
640:
611:
567:
547:
475:, the Marquis of Xi who was serving the Han dynasty. The daughter of the
258:
243:
228:
186:
166:
142:
5253:
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3341:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 488.
2565:
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1782:, taking power after having a Tran princess marry one of their members,
1654:, a Han bannerman, was awarded the title of Prince Jingnan, and his son
276:. She brings a Yan eunuch named Zhonghang Yue with her to be her tutor.
6221:
6069:
5729:
5505:
The Mongols at China's Edge: History and the Politics of National Unity
5061:
Ho Chi Minh City, Công ty Văn hóa Hương Trang, pp.31–33; Helen Jarvis,
4960:
4491:
3022:
2998:
2690:
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2626:
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2280:
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1640:
1636:
1557:
1363:
1199:
1177:
500:
488:
401:
6341:
5700:
3868:. Istituto italiano per il medio ed estremo oriente. pp. 157, 159
2781:
1767:. This then enabled the Trần to topple the Lý and establish their own
1674:'s (a son of Hong Taiji) daughter marrying Geng Jingzhong. A daughter
6502:
6416:
6206:
6085:
5635:
5092:
4047:
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3726:
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2658:
1683:
1644:
1426:
1275:
1188:
1184:
1166:
867:'s sister was married to Zhang Huan, an ethnic Han, according to the
3014:
2717:. Veit, Veronika, 1944-. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 2007. p. 61.
2058:. Harvard University Studies in East Asian Law. BRILL. p. 225.
1017:, who revolted against Tang China and was captured and killed in 630
231:. This is the first recorded incidence of heqin in Chinese history.
6507:
6497:
6457:
6351:
6304:
5754:
5724:
5712:
5599:
3430:
2773:
1744:
1650:
The "Dolo efu" 和碩額駙 rank was given to husbands of Qing princesses.
1616:
1443:
1422:
1367:
1059:
939:
923:
658:
563:
530:
476:
468:
457:
5175:
2544:. Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies. p. 6
2434:
1005:, remarried to Yami Qaghan's successor and son (by another wife),
6403:
6100:
5074:
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1720:
1586:
1429:
had one son with the Borjigin woman, Zhao Wanpu. Zhao Xian's son
1235:
1214:
1104:
1096:
1084:
1045:
815:
647:
636:
630:
618:
marriages were aimed at establishing peace with foreign nations,
534:
526:
480:
464:
449:
170:
3638:(illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 94.
2538:
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1317:
1058:
married a Sui "princess" to Qu Boya, ruler of the oasis city of
6492:
6175:
6046:
5866:
4586:
1839:
1835:
1667:
1612:
1590:
1508:
1327:
The Jin dynasty then attacked the Northern Song dynasty in the
756:
518:
492:
460:
453:
173:. His proposal was adopted and implemented with a treaty in 198
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3220:
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951:
811:
496:
413:
405:
386:
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1561:
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6059:
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1896:
650:, Emperor Wencheng of Northern Yan, married his daughter,
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A daughter of the King of Khotan married to the ruler of
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Historical practices of royal marriage alliances in China
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4881:
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1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
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602:
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3963:
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1893:
1842:, an ethnic Manchu. In 1650, Dorgon married the Korean
1810:), in the region of Prey Nokor—which they colloquially
1382:
established marriage alliances with the Uighurs of the
1163:
Qapaghan, Khagan of the Second Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1114:
marriage alliances during the Tang dynasty, including:
1040:
marries Princess Guanghua (光化公主), a Sui "princess", to
546:
and put Qasar Qaghan to the sword. The news brought to
5360:
5321:
5169:
4643:
Servants of the Dynasty: Palace Women in World History
4434:
Servants of the Dynasty: Palace Women in World History
2145:
1908:
883:
on the emperor's name. He was the son of Zhang Qiong.
347:
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4298:
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96:
5282:
5176:
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4747:
4720:
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4101:
Receptions of Greek and Roman Antiquity in East Asia
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3291:
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The Cao family of ethnic Han descent that ruled the
1023:
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851:'s sisters, the Shouyang Princess was wedded to the
578:
The Cao family of ethnic Han descent that ruled the
408:(Liejiaomi's grandson). After Junxumi's death in 93
332:
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317:
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287:
marries another Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain
257:
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242:
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4774:
4693:
3665:
Buddhist Encounters and Identities Across East Asia
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2821:
2794:
2788:
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2188:
988:
Yami Qaghan, Khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate
986:marries Princess Anyi (安义公主), a Sui "princess", to
5571:"Crime and Punishment: The Case of Liu Hui in the
5115:
4961:Ainslie Thomas Embree; Robin Jeanne Lewis (1988).
4754:. University of California Press. pp. 1018–.
4727:. University of California Press. pp. 1017–.
4608:
4209:A Tang Miscellany: An Introduction to Youyang Zazu
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5289:. University of California Press. pp. 892–.
5254:Library of Congress. Orientalia Division (1943).
4907:The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Volume 1
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4646:. University of California Press. pp. 148–.
4437:. University of California Pr. pp. 148–152.
3571:
3274:
2862:
2368:
1802:Princess Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Vạn, a daughter of Lord
1786:. A Lý princess also married into the Ho family.
1670:'s granddaughter marrying Geng Zhaozhong 耿昭忠 and
1589:married one of his granddaughters, a daughter of
654:(乐浪公主), to Yujiulü Hulü, Khan Aidougai of Rouran.
6593:
5214:
4954:
4884:(reprint ed.). Global Oriental. p. 8.
4666:
4606:
3969:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 187–270.
3247:
2828:. University of California Press. pp. 80–.
2195:. University of California Press. pp. 41–.
733:marries his daughter, Princess Wuwei (武威公主), to
5533:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe.
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5026:
4929:
3473:
1929:
1234:) and Wei Jie (韦捷), to Li Lusu (李鲁苏), ruler of
1083:marriage alliances were primarily aimed at the
5068:
4044:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue, eds. (2014).
3723:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue, eds. (2014).
3214:
3193:
2561:
2504:
2219:Records of the Grand Historian: Han Dynasty II
2139:
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1747:(Vietnam) in a succession of heqin alliances.
1148:, Khan of Xueyantuo. The heqin was called off.
1110:There were a total of twenty-one instances of
362:marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain
302:marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain
272:marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain
227:marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain
197:, are among the most famous heqin princesses.
5651:
5247:
5006:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 166–.
4768:
4687:
4639:
4633:
4408:
4385:
4311:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 326–.
3608:Dunhuang Art: Through the Eyes of Duan Wenjie
3437:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 22.
3130:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2004. pp.
3041:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2004. pp.
2588:
2568:. Princeton University Press. pp. 422–.
2435:Alfred J. Andrea; James H. Overfield (1998).
2348:(abridged ed.). iUniversе. p. 419.
2242:
914:arranged for one of their princesses, Khagan
751:(兰陵公主), a princess of the imperial family of
582:established marriage alliances with the Saka
54:
38:
4999:
4660:
4484:"曹德全：首个投降后金的明将李永芳_[历史人物]_抚顺七千年-Wap版"
4274:
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3241:
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2983:Papers on Far Eastern History, Volumes 27–30
2467:
2401:
1282:
999:Yami, Khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate
990:. She was assassinated by Yung Yu- lu in 599
922:蠕蠕公主 to be married to the ethnic Han regent
5354:
5315:
5208:
5020:
4993:
4615:. University of California Press. pp.
4600:
4402:
4331:
4284:. Harvard University Press. pp. 102–.
3667:. Leiden, Netherlands: BRILL. p. 213.
3631:
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471:Chanyu) was married to the Xiongnu General
212:marriage alliances during the Han dynasty.
208:There were a total of fifteen instances of
6617:Marriage, unions and partnerships in China
5658:
5644:
5276:
5113:
4778:Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society
4741:
4697:Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society
4251:The Belt and Road Initiative: Key Concepts
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3780:Imperial China and Its Southern Neighbours
3776:
3753:Imperial China and Its Southern Neighbours
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2825:Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society
2815:
2372:Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang
2222:. Columbia University Press. p. 128.
1398:'s daughter Princess Qiguo was married to
1027:, Khagan of the Western Turkish Khaganate.
970:was once again unified under one dynasty.
6602:History of the foreign relations of China
5597:
5466:. Chinese Literature Press. p. 217.
5453:
4923:
4268:
4131:. Stanford University Press. p. 41.
4097:
4071:Malmqvist, Nils Göran David, ed. (1989).
4070:
3635:Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire
3605:Wenjie Duan; Chung Tan (1 January 1994).
3520:
3285:
3221:Charles Eliot; Sir Charles Eliot (1998).
2555:
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2146:Qian Sima; Burton Watson (January 1993).
1902:
1863:, a similar practice in pre-modern Europe
1763:) to a member of the Trần (Chen 陈) clan,
1750:
1666:and marry Aisin Gioro women, with Prince
1373:
1262:marries his daughter, Princess Ninguo to
5547:
5405:United States Government Printing Office
4822:
4714:
4569:United States Government Printing Office
4430:
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2650:
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871:. His name is given as Zhang Xin in the
677:Juqu Mengxun, Prince of Northern Liang's
557:
550:by Kyrgyz ambassador Zhuwu Hesu (註吾合素).
412:BC, Princess Jieyou, in accordance with
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4904:
4795:
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3127:China: Dawn of a Golden Age, 200–750 AD
3038:China: Dawn of a Golden Age, 200–750 AD
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831:were married to ethnic Han elites, the
686:. She became Emperor Taiwu's concubine.
483:after he surrendered and defected. The
137:, refers to the historical practice of
6594:
5665:
5387:
5303:from the original on 30 September 2015
5196:from the original on 24 September 2015
5143:
4877:
4551:
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4124:
3989:
3803:
3514:
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3094:
2923:
2896:
2759:
2686:
1678:of the Manchu Aisin Gioro Prince Yolo
946:colonists and ruled by the Han people
479:Chanyu was married to the Han general
5639:
5501:
5118:Cambodia: report from a stricken land
5107:
4607:Evelyn S. Rawski (15 November 1998).
4583:"公主被送去部落聯姻,婚禮當天竟成了一張人皮...揭開血腥文化的恐怖真相"
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4424:
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3361:
3334:
3248:Marc S. Abramson (31 December 2011).
3200:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 78–.
2103:
1964:
1925:
1923:
1690:who was another son of Geng Jingmao.
1446:near the border by the Yuan emperor.
797:after his accession to the throne as
525:claimed descent from the Han general
507:dispatched Zhang Qian to explore the
5480:from the original on 22 October 2016
5427:from the original on 22 October 2016
5400:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
5342:from the original on 22 October 2016
5264:from the original on 22 October 2016
5235:from the original on 22 October 2016
4981:from the original on 22 October 2016
4673:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 79–.
4564:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
4381:. O. Harrassowitz. 1983. p. 67.
4205:
4178:
4151:
3749:
3557:. BRILL. 7 June 2013. pp. 44–.
3469:. Maruzen Company. 2004. p. 41.
3453:. Maruzen Company. 2004. p. 41.
3428:
2996:
2848:
2562:Adrienne Mayor (22 September 2014).
2511:. Infobase Publishing. p. 409.
2341:
2215:
2110:. X libris Corporation. p. 77.
2082:
2051:
2030:
553:
5568:
5522:
5179:Events That Formed the Modern World
5055:Vương miện lưu đày: truyện lịch sử,
4828:
4667:Frederic Wakeman (1 January 1977).
3658:
3227:. Psychology Press. pp. 206–.
2868:
1985:
1877:Women in ancient and imperial China
1122:marries Princess Honghua (弘化公主) to
593:
491:who also married a daughter of the
404:(刘解忧 121–49 BC) to King Junxumi of
13:
5580:Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook
5033:. Lexington Books. pp. 161–.
4936:. Lexington Books. pp. 159–.
4801:
4419:
3966:In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire
3163:M.E. Sharpe. 2007. pp. 316–.
3003:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
2957:Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook
1997:
1920:
1491:. their children were also called
1408:Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty
902:'s daughter married Sima Jinlong.
849:Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei
14:
6628:
5531:History of Heqin in Ancient China
3840:Mao yi yu lü you: Trade and tours
2441:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 165.
1487:. They had a son and a daughter,
978:marriage during the Sui dynasty.
877:History of the Northern Dynasties
641:Qifu Gangui, Prince of Western Qi
529:, grandson of the famous general
6574:
6573:
5439:
5411:
5381:
5047:
4898:
4871:
4849:
4575:
4545:
4531:
4506:
4476:
3362:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2014).
3335:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2014).
2107:Ancient History of the Manchuria
731:Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei
716:Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei
663:Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei
5495:
5361:Raymond Stanley Dawson (1976).
5322:Raymond Stanley Dawson (1972).
4905:Tarling, Nicholas, ed. (1992).
4878:Hummel, Arthur W., ed. (2010).
4451:
4369:
4352:
4241:
4206:Reed, Carrie Elizabeth (2003).
4199:
4172:
4145:
4118:
4091:
4064:
4037:
4010:
3983:
3956:
3918:
3880:
3855:
3831:
3810:. 国际文化出版公司. pp. 271, 285.
3797:
3770:
3743:
3716:
3689:
3652:
3625:
3545:
3531:
3457:
3441:
3422:
3404:
3393:
3382:
3355:
3328:
3312:
3177:
3151:
3118:
3088:
3062:
3029:
2990:
2973:
2944:
2917:
2890:
2874:
2842:
2753:
2707:
2680:
2616:
2582:
2531:
2498:
2461:
2428:
2395:
2362:
2335:
2304:
2270:
2236:
2209:
2182:
2166:
2127:
2097:
1789:
1550:
1502:
1389:
1346:
1287:
1124:Murong Nuohebo, Khan of Tuyuhun
1070:
829:Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei
805:
697:Northern and Southern dynasties
691:Northern and Southern dynasties
6556:Marriage in pre-Islamic Arabia
5554:. Cambridge University Press.
5059:Tìm hiểu lịch sử chữ quốc ngữ,
4863:. 7 March 2016. Archived from
4308:The Cambridge History of China
2623:Michael Robert Drompp (2005).
2277:Michael Robert Drompp (2005).
2076:
2045:
2024:
1991:
1716:'s great-great-granddaughter.
1658:managed to have both his sons
1607:
1460:The Successors of Genghis Khan
1402:in exchange for relieving the
1268:Khagan of the Uyghur Khaganate
962:With the establishment of the
957:
865:Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei
735:Juqu Mujian, Prince Ai of Hexi
533:. Li Ling was captured by the
203:
111:
97:
55:
39:
1:
6165:Ghost marriage in South Sudan
5283:FREDERIC WAKEMAN JR. (1985).
5122:. Arcade Publishing. p.
4964:Encyclopedia of Asian history
4748:FREDERIC WAKEMAN JR. (1985).
4721:FREDERIC WAKEMAN JR. (1985).
3632:Broadbridge, Anne F. (2018).
3554:Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang
3486:. 5 continents. p. 106.
3292:Jonathan Karam Skaff (1998).
3251:Ethnic Identity in Tang China
2900:Women in Early Medieval China
2883:Papers on Far Eastern History
2178:. H. Vetch. 2004. p. 81.
1882:
1611:) title after he surrendered
1597:, the ancestor of Li Shiyao (
1472:" (宋主; Songzhu) in the book.
787:Emperor Ming of Western Liang
737:, last ruler of the state of
684:Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei
5508:. Rowman & Littlefield.
5502:Bulag, Uradyn Erden (2002).
5423:. 梨大史學會. 1968. p. 105.
4775:Rubie Sharon Watson (1991).
4694:Rubie Sharon Watson (1991).
4585:. 2019-07-20. Archived from
3750:Mair, Victor H, ed. (2016).
3578:Lilla Russell-Smith (2005).
2822:Rubie Sharon Watson (1991).
2795:Lilla Russell-Smith (2005).
2657:Kyzlasov, Leonid R. (2010).
2476:China Intercontinental Press
2189:Frederic E. Wakeman (1985).
2083:Chin, Tamara Ta Lun (2005).
1939:(in Chinese). Archived from
1887:
1693:The 4th daughter of Kangxi (
1583:Transition from Ming to Qing
1425:family of the Yuan dynasty.
724:Helian Chang, Emperor of Xia
7:
5328:. Hutchinson. p. 275.
5182:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 200–.
5151:"Nguyễn Bặc and the Nguyễn"
5003:A History of the Vietnamese
5000:K. W. Taylor (9 May 2013).
4179:Mote, Frederick W. (1999).
4152:Mote, Frederick W. (2003).
4050:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 55.
2589:Veronika Veit, ed. (2007).
2408:. Grove Press. p. 73.
2311:Lin Jianming (林剑鸣) (1992).
2243:Veronika Veit, ed. (2007).
1849:
933:
10:
6633:
5598:Slobodník, Martin (2006).
5065:Clio Press, 1997, p.xxiii.
4857:"清代第一战神是谁? 年羹尧和岳钟琪谁的成就更高?"
3729:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 5.
3275:Roy Andrew Miller (1959).
3101:. Routledge. p. 242.
2849:Tang, Qiaomei (May 2016).
2369:James A. Millward (2007).
1734:
1719:Manchu Prince Aisin Gioro
1178:Li Chengqi, Prince of Song
443:
6607:History of Imperial China
6569:
6538:
6518:
6455:
6402:
6350:
6327:
6275:
6235:
6189:
6130:
6121:
6078:
6016:
5990:
5782:
5673:
5548:Di Cosmo, Nicola (2004).
5221:. SMC publ. p. 217.
5215:Arthur W. Hummel (1991).
4967:. Scribner. p. 190.
4023:. Routledge. p. 55.
3804:Chen 陈, Lufan 吕范 (1990).
3673:10.1163/9789004366152_008
2438:The Human Record: To 1700
1825:
1818:, and which later became
1697:) was wedded to the son (
1602:
1404:Mongol siege upon Zhongdu
1283:Liao, Song, Jin dynasties
1253:Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
1232:Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
905:
741:, whence she is known as
495:Chanyu. The Han diplomat
154:
122:
104:
90:
83:
78:
74:
64:
48:
32:
28:
23:
5525:
5367:. Penguin. p. 306.
5027:Kenneth R. Hall (2008).
4930:Kenneth R. Hall (2008).
4359:Quennell, Peter (1976).
4254:. Springer. p. 81.
3702:. Routledge. p. 5.
3527:. Millennia. p. 12.
3197:Buddhism in Central Asia
2687:Drompp, Michael (2021).
2052:Chin, Tamara T. (2020).
1998:Lo, Ping-cheung (2015).
1932:
1712:. She was Manchu Prince
1530:A Mongol account in the
1435:Emperor Yingzong of Yuan
1276:Li Shouli, Prince of Bin
1222:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
1207:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
1185:Li Shouli, Prince of Bin
950:, which originated from
780:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
523:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
385:, to Liejiaomi, King of
34:Traditional Chinese
4835:. 華志文化. pp. 198–.
4808:. 遠流出版. pp. 108–.
4459:"李永芳将军的简介 李永芳的后代-历史趣闻网"
4431:Walthall, Anne (2008).
4378:Central Asiatic Journal
4338:. BRILL. pp. 24–.
4182:Imperial China 900–1800
4155:Imperial China 900-1800
3584:. BRILL. pp. 63–.
3524:Early Chinese Glassware
3429:Yang, Shao-yun (2014).
3194:Baij Nath Puri (1987).
2997:Wang, Yi-t’ung (1953).
2927:Women in Imperial China
2801:. BRILL. pp. 23–.
2505:Charles Higham (2004).
1867:Marriage of convenience
1832:Qing conquest of Joseon
1798:married the Vietnamese
1585:. The Later Jin leader
1341:Emperor Tianzuo of Liao
1337:Emperor Huizong of Song
1314:Emperor Tianzuo of Liao
1196:Emperor Ruizong of Tang
1153:Emperor Gaozong of Tang
1131:Emperor Taizong of Tang
1120:Emperor Taizong of Tang
942:was made out of ethnic
814:imperial family of the
50:Simplified Chinese
6153:Chinese ghost marriage
5623:Cite journal requires
4670:Fall of Imperial China
4640:Anne Walthall (2008).
4514:"第一个投降满清的明朝将领李永芳结局如何？"
4415:. C.I.C.M. p. 75.
4409:Henry Serruys (1959).
4248:Shang, Huping (2019).
4125:Bryson, Megan (2016).
4104:. BRILL. p. 316.
3990:Bryson, Megan (2016).
3948:: CS1 maint: others (
3910:: CS1 maint: others (
3095:Adamek, Piotr (2017).
2745:: CS1 maint: others (
2471:Story of the Silk Road
2319:History of Qin and Han
1751:Lý, Trần, Hồ dynasties
1593:, to the Ming general
1456:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
1374:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
1260:Emperor Suzong of Tang
718:marries his daughter,
575:
5389:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
5260:. 經文書局. p. 217.
4553:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
2951:Lee, Jen-der (2014).
2924:Hinsch, Bret (2016).
2897:Hinsch, Bret (2018).
2468:Yiping Zhang (2005).
2402:Julia Lovell (2007).
1930:Rui Chuanming (芮传明).
1743:, Hồ dynasties ruled
1333:Emperor Xizong of Jin
837:Jin dynasty (266–420)
561:
463:(and older sister of
5569:Lee Jen-der (2014),
5523:Cui, Mingde (2005).
5078:The Women of Vietnam
4332:Ph. De Heer (1986).
1439:Red Turban Rebellion
1415:Emperor Gong of Song
1202:, to Qapaghan Khagan
820:Northern Wei dynasty
383:Prince Yi of Jiangdu
225:Emperor Gaozu of Han
163:Emperor Gaozu of Han
157:, later granted the
6394:Royal intermarriage
6096:Mystery of Crowning
5114:Henry Kamm (1998).
4829:施樹祿 (17 May 2012).
4558:"Li Shih-yao"
4539:"第一個投降滿清的明朝將領結局如何？"
3927:Cina, Volumes 15–16
3889:Cina, Volumes 15–16
3865:Cina, Volumes 23–25
3659:Hua, Kaiqi (2018).
2342:Hong, Yuan (2018).
2216:Sima, Qian (1993).
2104:Mosol, Lee (2013).
2031:Qian, Sima (2019).
1988:, pp. 631–688.
1794:The Cambodian King
1417:surrendered to the
1174:Crown Prince Li Dan
1161:698: A daughter of
1056:Emperor Yang of Sui
1031:Emperor Yang of Sui
1021:Emperor Yang of Sui
873:Book of Northern Qi
857:Emperor Wu of Liang
799:Emperor Yang of Sui
795:Empress Xiao of Sui
429:Emperor Yuan of Han
345:Emperor Jing of Han
330:Emperor Jing of Han
315:Emperor Jing of Han
6260:Marriage allowance
5890:Widow conservation
5667:Types of marriages
4867:on 28 August 2016.
3843:. 1986. p. 19
3521:Jiayao An (1987).
3400:Biran 2012, p. 88.
3389:Biran 2012, p. 88.
1804:Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
1729:Yunzhi, Prince Zhi
1705:), an ethnic Han.
1038:Emperor Wen of Sui
995:Emperor Wen of Sui
984:Emperor Wen of Sui
825:Southern dynasties
793:. She is known as
791:Emperor Wen of Sui
576:
300:Emperor Wen of Han
285:Emperor Wen of Han
270:Emperor Wen of Han
255:Emperor Wen of Han
240:Emperor Hui of Han
177:BC, following the
6612:Arranged marriage
6589:
6588:
6323:
6322:
6310:Mixed-orientation
6160:Widow inheritance
5839:Marriage in Islam
5829:Clerical marriage
5590:978-0-231-15987-6
5561:978-0-521-54382-8
5540:978-7-01-004828-4
5515:978-0-7425-1144-6
5473:978-7-5071-0288-8
5296:978-0-520-04804-1
5257:清代名人傳略: 1644-1912
5228:978-957-638-066-2
5189:978-1-59884-901-1
5088:978-1-4327-2208-1
5040:978-0-7391-2835-0
5013:978-0-521-87586-8
4943:978-0-7391-2835-0
4842:978-986-5936-00-6
4815:978-957-32-6691-4
4788:978-0-520-07124-7
4761:978-0-520-04804-1
4734:978-0-520-04804-1
4707:978-0-520-07124-7
4680:978-0-02-933680-9
4653:978-0-520-25444-2
4626:978-0-520-92679-0
4494:on 7 October 2016
4318:978-0-521-24332-2
4291:978-0-674-05880-4
3618:978-81-7017-313-7
3564:978-90-04-25233-2
3493:978-88-7439-332-9
3261:978-0-8122-0101-7
3234:978-0-7007-0679-2
3207:978-81-208-0372-5
3170:978-0-7656-4182-3
3141:978-1-58839-126-1
3081:978-90-04-27185-2
3052:978-1-58839-126-1
2835:978-0-520-07124-7
2724:978-3-447-05537-6
2673:978-973-27-1962-6
2575:978-1-4008-6513-0
2518:978-0-8160-4640-9
2485:978-7-5085-0832-0
2448:978-0-395-87087-7
2415:978-0-8021-4297-9
2382:978-0-231-13924-3
2328:978-957-11-0574-1
2202:978-0-520-04804-1
2159:978-0-231-08166-5
1946:on 19 August 2014
1872:Malacca Sultanate
1861:Marriage of state
1856:Marriage in China
1563:Mongolian Plateau
1517:Zhengtong Emperor
1465:Jami' al-tawarikh
1452:John Andrew Boyle
1406:(Beijing) in the
1329:Jingkang incident
1135:Princess Wencheng
1064:Taklamakan Desert
1003:levirate marriage
859:'s son Xiao Zong
843:萧宝夤, a member of
679:son Juqu Xingguo.
627:Fu Jian (337–385)
584:Kingdom of Khotan
554:Kingdom of Khotan
505:Emperor Wu of Han
398:Emperor Wu of Han
375:Emperor Wu of Han
360:Emperor Wu of Han
191:Princess Wencheng
181:two years prior.
179:Battle of Baideng
135:marriage alliance
126:
125:
118:
117:
85:Standard Mandarin
6624:
6577:
6576:
6551:Mail-order bride
6128:
6127:
5998:Marriageable age
5812:Eastern Orthodox
5660:
5653:
5646:
5637:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5621:
5619:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5593:
5565:
5544:
5519:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5460:Li Ling (1995).
5457:
5451:
5450:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5396:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5157:on 13 April 2009
5153:. Archived from
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:chey chettha II.
5121:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5091:. Archived from
5072:
5066:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5024:
5018:
5017:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4950:on 22 June 2015.
4946:. Archived from
4927:
4921:
4920:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4614:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4560:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4516:. Archived from
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4490:. Archived from
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4461:. Archived from
4455:
4449:
4448:
4428:
4417:
4416:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4278:(1 April 2011).
4272:
4266:
4265:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4014:
4008:
4007:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3947:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3549:
3543:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3497:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3426:
3420:
3408:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3191:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3033:
3027:
3026:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2744:
2736:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2665:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2175:Monumenta Serica
2170:
2164:
2163:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2028:
2022:
2021:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1903:Slobodník (2006)
1900:
1820:Ho Chi Minh City
1686:) was wedded to
1609:
1604:
1394:The Jin emperor
1101:Uyghur Khaganate
966:in 581, much of
912:Rouran Khaganate
778:, Khagan of the
761:Rouran Khaganate
749:Princess Lanling
720:Princess Shiping
600:Sixteen Kingdoms
594:Sixteen Kingdoms
544:Uyghur Khaganate
438:
426:
419:
411:
395:
372:
357:
342:
327:
312:
297:
282:
267:
252:
237:
222:
176:
159:imperial surname
156:
139:Chinese monarchs
133:, also known as
114:
113:
100:
99:
76:
75:
70:
60:
59:
44:
43:
21:
20:
6632:
6631:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6565:
6534:
6514:
6451:
6398:
6346:
6319:
6271:
6231:
6185:
6123:
6117:
6074:
6026:Sister exchange
6012:
5986:
5778:
5718:Serial monogamy
5674:Legal scenarios
5669:
5664:
5624:
5622:
5613:
5612:
5605:
5603:
5591:
5562:
5541:
5527:
5516:
5498:
5493:
5483:
5481:
5474:
5458:
5454:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5430:
5428:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5386:
5382:
5375:
5359:
5355:
5345:
5343:
5336:
5320:
5316:
5306:
5304:
5297:
5281:
5277:
5267:
5265:
5252:
5248:
5238:
5236:
5229:
5213:
5209:
5199:
5197:
5190:
5174:
5170:
5160:
5158:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5112:
5108:
5098:
5096:
5095:on 3 March 2016
5089:
5073:
5069:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5025:
5021:
5014:
4998:
4994:
4984:
4982:
4975:
4959:
4955:
4944:
4928:
4924:
4917:
4903:
4899:
4892:
4876:
4872:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4843:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4746:
4742:
4735:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4638:
4634:
4627:
4605:
4601:
4592:
4590:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4550:
4546:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4468:
4466:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4445:
4429:
4420:
4407:
4403:
4390:
4386:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4357:
4353:
4346:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4246:
4242:
4232:
4230:
4220:
4204:
4200:
4193:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4150:
4146:
4139:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4015:
4011:
4004:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3961:
3957:
3941:
3940:
3933:
3931:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3893:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3576:
3572:
3565:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3532:
3519:
3515:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3478:
3474:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3427:
3423:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3365:Emperor Huizong
3360:
3356:
3349:
3338:Emperor Huizong
3333:
3329:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3290:
3286:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3015:10.2307/2718246
2995:
2991:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2895:
2891:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2793:
2789:
2758:
2754:
2738:
2737:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2560:
2556:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2503:
2499:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2466:
2462:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2433:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2400:
2396:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2102:
2098:
2081:
2077:
2066:
2050:
2046:
2029:
2025:
2014:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1915:Di Cosmo (2004)
1913:
1909:
1901:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1852:
1828:
1796:Chey Chettha II
1792:
1753:
1737:
1701:) of Sun Sike (
1664:Shunzhi Emperor
1553:
1505:
1481:Prince of Liang
1392:
1384:Ganzhou Kingdom
1376:
1349:
1302:Chanyuan Treaty
1290:
1285:
1095:and the allied
1073:
960:
938:The Kingdom of
936:
908:
808:
693:
652:Princess Lelang
596:
556:
509:Western Regions
485:Yenisei Kirghiz
446:
436:
424:
417:
409:
393:
370:
355:
340:
325:
310:
295:
289:Laoshang Chanyu
280:
274:Laoshang Chanyu
265:
250:
235:
220:
206:
174:
68:
65:Literal meaning
17:
12:
11:
5:
6630:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6524:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6485:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6468:
6462:
6460:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6408:
6406:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6375:Middle Eastern
6367:
6356:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6333:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6279:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6247:
6241:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6167:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6134:
6132:
6125:
6122:Circumstantial
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6043:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5994:
5992:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5792:
5786:
5784:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5759:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5663:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5625:|journal=
5602:. academia.edu
5595:
5589:
5566:
5560:
5545:
5539:
5520:
5514:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5472:
5452:
5438:
5410:
5394:"Dorgon"
5391:, ed. (1943).
5380:
5373:
5364:Imperial China
5353:
5334:
5325:Imperial China
5314:
5295:
5275:
5246:
5227:
5207:
5188:
5168:
5142:
5132:
5106:
5087:
5067:
5046:
5039:
5019:
5012:
4992:
4973:
4953:
4942:
4922:
4916:978-0521663694
4915:
4897:
4891:978-9004218017
4890:
4870:
4848:
4841:
4821:
4814:
4794:
4787:
4767:
4760:
4740:
4733:
4713:
4706:
4686:
4679:
4659:
4652:
4632:
4625:
4599:
4574:
4555:, ed. (1943).
4544:
4530:
4505:
4488:www.fs7000.com
4475:
4450:
4443:
4418:
4401:
4384:
4368:
4365:. p. 460.
4351:
4344:
4324:
4317:
4297:
4290:
4281:The Great Wall
4267:
4261:978-9811392016
4260:
4240:
4218:
4198:
4191:
4171:
4164:
4144:
4138:978-1503600454
4137:
4117:
4111:978-9004370715
4110:
4090:
4083:
4063:
4057:978-0765643162
4056:
4036:
4030:978-1317515623
4029:
4009:
4003:978-1503600454
4002:
3982:
3975:
3955:
3917:
3879:
3854:
3830:
3816:
3796:
3790:978-9814620536
3789:
3769:
3763:978-9814620550
3762:
3742:
3736:978-0765643162
3735:
3715:
3709:978-1317515623
3708:
3688:
3682:978-9004366152
3681:
3651:
3645:978-1108636629
3644:
3624:
3617:
3597:
3590:
3570:
3563:
3544:
3530:
3513:
3492:
3472:
3456:
3440:
3421:
3403:
3392:
3381:
3375:978-0674726420
3374:
3354:
3348:978-0674726420
3347:
3327:
3311:
3304:
3284:
3267:
3260:
3240:
3233:
3213:
3206:
3186:
3176:
3169:
3150:
3140:
3117:
3108:978-1351565219
3107:
3087:
3080:
3061:
3051:
3028:
2989:
2972:
2966:978-0231531009
2965:
2943:
2937:978-1442271661
2936:
2916:
2910:978-1538117972
2909:
2889:
2873:
2861:
2841:
2834:
2814:
2807:
2787:
2774:10.2307/605932
2768:(3): 394–395.
2752:
2723:
2706:
2700:978-9047414780
2699:
2679:
2672:
2649:
2635:
2615:
2602:978-3447055376
2601:
2581:
2574:
2554:
2530:
2517:
2497:
2484:
2478:. p. 22.
2460:
2447:
2427:
2414:
2394:
2381:
2361:
2355:978-1532058301
2354:
2334:
2327:
2303:
2289:
2269:
2256:978-3447055376
2255:
2235:
2228:
2208:
2201:
2181:
2165:
2158:
2138:
2126:
2117:978-1483667676
2116:
2096:
2075:
2065:978-1684170784
2064:
2044:
2023:
2013:978-1317580973
2012:
1990:
1969:
1957:
1919:
1917:, p. 193.
1907:
1905:, p. 268.
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1844:Princess Uisun
1827:
1824:
1791:
1788:
1765:Trần Thái Tông
1761:Lý Chiêu Hoàng
1752:
1749:
1736:
1733:
1660:Geng Jingzhong
1652:Geng Zhongming
1608:sān děng zǐjué
1552:
1549:
1504:
1501:
1391:
1388:
1375:
1372:
1348:
1345:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1243:Fergana Valley
1239:
1228:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1192:
1181:
1176:'s eldest son
1170:
1159:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1139:Songtsän Gampo
1127:
1089:Tibetan Empire
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1053:
1034:
1028:
1018:
991:
959:
956:
935:
932:
916:Yujiulü Anagui
907:
904:
896:Northern Liang
807:
804:
803:
802:
783:
768:
765:Yujiulü Anagui
755:, married the
746:
743:Princess Tuoba
739:Northern Liang
727:
692:
689:
688:
687:
680:
670:
655:
644:
634:
595:
592:
572:Five Dynasties
555:
552:
516:Yenisei Kyrgyz
445:
442:
441:
440:
421:
390:
367:
364:Gunchen Chanyu
352:
349:Gunchen Chanyu
337:
334:Gunchen Chanyu
322:
319:Gunchen Chanyu
307:
304:Gunchen Chanyu
292:
277:
262:
247:
232:
205:
202:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
108:
102:
101:
94:
88:
87:
81:
80:
79:Transcriptions
72:
71:
69:peace marriage
66:
62:
61:
52:
46:
45:
36:
30:
29:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6629:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6582:
6581:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6529:Mariage blanc
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6454:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6432:International
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6401:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
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4589:on 2019-07-24
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4520:on 2016-10-07
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4465:on 2017-12-03
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4362:History today
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2037:. DeepLogic.
2036:
2035:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1967:, p. 83.
1966:
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1935:
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1518:
1515:captured the
1514:
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1467:
1466:
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1457:
1454:commented on
1453:
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1436:
1432:
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1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:Wanyan Yongji
1387:
1385:
1381:
1380:Guiyi Circuit
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1344:
1342:
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1334:
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1323:
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1187:, to Emperor
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973:
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965:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
931:
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925:
921:
920:Princess Ruru
917:
913:
903:
901:
898:Xiongnu King
897:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:Liang dynasty
850:
846:
842:
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834:
830:
826:
821:
817:
813:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
781:
777:
773:
772:Northern Zhou
769:
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762:
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754:
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625:
624:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
591:
589:
585:
581:
580:Guiyi Circuit
573:
569:
565:
560:
551:
549:
545:
542:(阿熱) invaded
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
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109:
107:
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95:
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77:
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67:
63:
58:
53:
51:
47:
42:
37:
35:
31:
27:
22:
19:
6578:
6546:Dishu system
6527:
6412:Human–animal
6384:Same-surname
6294:
6174:
6054:
6045:
5979:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5885:Self-uniting
5865:
5849:Nikah mut'ah
5750:Nikah mut'ah
5616:cite journal
5604:. Retrieved
5579:
5572:
5550:
5530:
5504:
5496:Bibliography
5482:. Retrieved
5462:
5455:
5441:
5429:. Retrieved
5419:
5413:
5398:
5383:
5363:
5356:
5344:. Retrieved
5324:
5317:
5305:. Retrieved
5285:
5278:
5266:. Retrieved
5256:
5249:
5237:. Retrieved
5217:
5210:
5198:. Retrieved
5178:
5171:
5159:. Retrieved
5155:the original
5145:
5137:
5117:
5109:
5097:. Retrieved
5093:the original
5077:
5070:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5049:
5029:
5022:
5002:
4995:
4983:. Retrieved
4963:
4956:
4948:the original
4932:
4925:
4906:
4900:
4880:
4873:
4865:the original
4860:
4851:
4831:
4824:
4804:
4797:
4777:
4770:
4750:
4743:
4723:
4716:
4696:
4689:
4669:
4662:
4642:
4635:
4610:
4602:
4591:. Retrieved
4587:the original
4577:
4562:
4547:
4533:
4522:. Retrieved
4518:the original
4508:
4496:. Retrieved
4492:the original
4487:
4478:
4467:. Retrieved
4463:the original
4453:
4433:
4411:
4404:
4394:
4387:
4377:
4371:
4361:
4354:
4334:
4327:
4307:
4300:
4280:
4276:Carlos Rojas
4270:
4250:
4243:
4231:. Retrieved
4208:
4201:
4181:
4174:
4154:
4147:
4127:
4120:
4100:
4093:
4073:
4066:
4046:
4039:
4019:
4012:
3992:
3985:
3965:
3958:
3932:. Retrieved
3926:
3920:
3894:. Retrieved
3888:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3864:
3857:
3845:. Retrieved
3839:
3833:
3821:. Retrieved
3806:
3799:
3779:
3772:
3752:
3745:
3725:
3718:
3698:
3691:
3664:
3654:
3634:
3627:
3607:
3600:
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3553:
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3179:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3126:
3120:
3112:
3097:
3090:
3070:
3064:
3057:Xiao Baoyin.
3056:
3037:
3031:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2982:
2975:
2956:
2946:
2926:
2919:
2899:
2892:
2882:
2876:
2864:
2851:
2844:
2824:
2817:
2797:
2790:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2714:
2709:
2689:
2682:
2659:
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2625:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2591:
2584:
2564:
2557:
2546:. Retrieved
2540:
2533:
2522:. Retrieved
2507:
2500:
2489:. Retrieved
2470:
2463:
2452:. Retrieved
2437:
2430:
2419:. Retrieved
2404:
2397:
2386:. Retrieved
2371:
2364:
2344:
2337:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2279:
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2245:
2238:
2218:
2211:
2191:
2184:
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2090:
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2078:
2069:
2054:
2047:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2017:
2003:
1993:
1965:Bulag (2002)
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1941:the original
1910:
1829:
1815:
1793:
1790:Nguyen lords
1776:Tran dynasty
1773:
1769:Trần dynasty
1754:
1738:
1718:
1710:Nian Gengyao
1707:
1692:
1688:Geng Juzhong
1656:Geng Jingmao
1649:
1625:Prince Keqin
1606:
1572:
1568:
1554:
1551:Qing dynasty
1543:'s (王鐸) son
1538:
1533:Altan Tobchi
1531:
1529:
1524:
1521:Ming dynasty
1506:
1503:Ming dynasty
1493:Duan Qiangna
1477:King of Dali
1474:
1469:
1463:
1462:in his work
1459:
1448:Paul Pelliot
1419:Yuan dynasty
1412:
1400:Genghis Khan
1393:
1390:Yuan dynasty
1377:
1362:
1358:
1353:Liao dynasty
1350:
1347:Liao dynasty
1326:
1322:Wanyan Liang
1298:Liao dynasty
1291:
1288:Song dynasty
1146:Zhenzhu Khan
1111:
1109:
1080:
1077:Tang dynasty
1074:
1071:Tang dynasty
1050:Murong Fuyun
1044:, khagan of
1042:Murong Shifu
1025:Heshana Khan
1015:Illig Qaghan
1007:Shibi Qaghan
975:
971:
968:China proper
961:
937:
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909:
892:Sima Jinlong
885:
881:naming taboo
869:Book of Zhou
809:
806:Northern Wei
753:Northern Wei
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5880:Scientology
5854:Nikah 'urfi
5696:Nikah 'urfi
4802:唐博 (2010).
1812:referred to
1800:Nguyễn lord
1595:Li Yongfang
1579:Aisin Gioro
1513:Esen Taishi
1489:Duan Sengnu
1485:Basalawarmi
1458:'s chapter
1310:Jin dynasty
1137:to Emperor
1075:During the
964:Sui dynasty
958:Sui dynasty
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900:Juqu Mujian
845:Southern Qi
841:Xiao Baoyin
722:(始平公主), to
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667:Consort Yao
612:Han dynasty
598:During the
467:Chanyu and
259:Modu Chanyu
244:Modu Chanyu
229:Modu Chanyu
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6596:Categories
6458:monogamous
6447:Morganatic
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6255:Green card
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6079:Ceremonial
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5730:Remarriage
5606:18 October
5484:22 October
5431:22 October
5346:22 October
5307:22 October
5268:22 October
5239:22 October
5200:22 October
5053:Mai Thục,
4985:22 October
4593:2019-07-24
4524:2016-06-30
4469:2018-04-14
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3321:Asia Major
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2642:8 February
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2608:8 February
2548:2011-04-17
2524:2011-04-17
2491:2011-04-17
2454:2011-04-17
2421:2011-04-17
2388:2011-04-17
2296:8 February
2290:9004141294
2262:8 February
2229:0231081677
1986:Cui (2005)
1950:18 October
1883:References
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1757:Lý dynasty
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1637:Geng Jimao
1558:Hong Taiji
1431:Zhao Wanpu
1364:Han Derang
1200:Li Chengqi
774:, married
710:marriage.
606:marriage.
568:Mogao Cave
501:Zhang Qian
489:Li Guangli
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6503:Polyandry
6417:Hypergamy
6265:Predatory
6207:Hypergamy
6190:Financial
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6086:Betrothal
6041:Abduction
5963:Ayyavazhi
5955:Paishacha
5934:Gandharva
5805:Josephite
5795:Christian
5783:Religious
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4228:0893-6870
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3502:cite book
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2741:cite book
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5725:Marriage
5713:Monogamy
5686:Covenant
5478:Archived
5425:Archived
5340:Archived
5301:Archived
5262:Archived
5233:Archived
5194:Archived
4979:Archived
4832:世界歷史戰事傳奇
3807:泰族起源问题研究
3411:Cha 2005
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1739:The Lý,
1629:Sun Sike
1617:Liaoning
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1541:Wang Duo
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1368:Zhaoyang
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1191:of Tibet
1165:marries
1133:marries
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940:Gaochang
934:Gaochang
924:Gao Huan
833:Liu Song
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