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492:. His daughter Ruth married banker and philanthropist George Washington Naumburg She was also a civic leader supporting the arts and music. Ruth founded Fountain House, a home in NYC to assist those with schizophrenia and men leaving jail. It was a residence that pioneered providing psychological counseling to people, and developed the novel concept of looking after the community's mental health. She was also a board member of the Manhattan School of Music, and there she established a fund to assist troubled students at the school, which still operates. In Pound Ridge, NY she co-founded the town's library and gave it an additional reading room, and then at her death, she donated the Henry Morgenthau Preserve, Pound Ridge, NY, in her father's memory.
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678:, he wrote he had come to see the Ottoman Empire as "a place of horror. I had reached the end of my resources. I found intolerable my further daily association with men, however gracious and accommodating…who were still reeking with the blood of nearly a million human beings." He published his conversations with Ottoman leaders and his account of the Armenian genocide in
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710:; he and many other prominent Jewish representatives attended the Conference. Morgenthau served as an advisor regarding Eastern Europe and the Middle East, and later worked with war-related charitable bodies, including the Relief Committee for the Middle East, the Greek Refugee Settlement Commission and the
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in 1914–1915, the
American consuls residing in different parts of the Empire flooded Morgenthau's desk with reports nearly every hour, documenting the massacres and deportation marches taking place. Faced with the accumulating evidence, he officially informed the U.S. government of the activities of
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and the two "seem to have bonded", marking the "turning point in
Morgenthau's political career". His role in American politics grew more pronounced in later months. Although he did not gain the chairmanship of Wilson's campaign finance committee, Morgenthau was offered the position of ambassador to
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The
Morgenthau family immigrated to New York in 1866. There, despite considerable savings, his father was not able to re-establish himself in business. His development and marketing of various inventions, as well as his investments in other enterprises, failed. Lazarus Morgenthau staved off failure
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in the war effort. The mission had as its stated purpose to "ameliorate the condition of the Jewish communities in
Palestine". In 1918 Morgenthau gave public speeches in the United States warning that the Greeks and Assyrians were being subjected to the "same methods" of deportation and "wholesale
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The
American government however, not wanting to get dragged into disputes, remained a neutral power in the conflict at the time and voiced little official reaction. Morgenthau held high-level meetings with the leaders of the Ottoman Empire to help alleviate the position of the Armenians, but the
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and Ruth. His daughter Helen - a noted garden writer who broadcast on radio & television and lectured on horticulture - married
Mortimer J. Fox an architect, banker and landscape artist. His daughter Alma - an art collector and patron of the arts & music - married investment banker, art
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He began his career as a lawyer, but he made a substantial fortune in real estate investments. In 1898, he acquired 41 lots on New York's Lower East Side from
William Waldorf Astor for $ 850,000. A few years later, he led a syndicate that bought a swath of undeveloped land in Washington Heights
706:, by groups both supportive and opposed to the concept of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. In March 1919, as President Woodrow Wilson was leaving for the Conference, Morgenthau was among 31 prominent Jewish Americans to sign an anti-Zionist petition presented by U.S. Congressman
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is focused, and it is almost indispensable that I have a Jew in that post". Though no
Zionist himself, Morgenthau cared "fervidly" about the plight of his co-religionists. He initially rejected the position, but following a trip to Europe, and with the encouragement of his
653:, stating: "Our people will never forget these massacres." As the massacres continued unabated, Morgenthau and several other Americans decided to form a public fund-raising committee to assist the Armenians – the Committee on Armenian Atrocities (later renamed the
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Although the safety of
American citizens in the Ottoman Empire, mostly Christian missionaries and Jews, loomed large early in his ambassadorship, Morgenthau said that he was most preoccupied by the
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As an early Wilson supporter, Morgenthau assumed that Wilson would appoint him to a cabinet-level position, but the new president had other plans for him. Like other prominent Jewish
Americans (
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Morgenthau on a 2015 Armenian stamp from the series "Centennial of the Armenian Genocide". In the background is the telegram (in strip form pasted onto a page) pictured
578:. Wilson's assumption that Jews somehow represented a bridge between Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians rankled Morgenthau; in reply, Wilson assured him that the
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435:, employing as many as 1,000 people (Mannheim had a population of 21,000 during this period). His business suffered a severe financial setback during the
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Exasperated with his relationship with the Ottoman government, he resigned from the ambassadorship in 1916. Looking back on that decision in his memoir
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in 1914, the U.S. remained neutral, so the American Embassy – and by extension Morgenthau – additionally represented many of the Allies' interests in
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around 181st Street, anticipating the construction of the first subway through the area. In 1899 he left his law practice and became president of the
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family. He was the son of Lazarus and Babette (Guggenheim) Morgenthau. His father was a successful cigar manufacturer who had cigar factories at
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accompanied Morgenthau, as a representative of the War Department, on a secret mission to persuade the Ottoman Empire to abandon the
1181:"George W. Naumburg Is Dead; Banker and Philanthropist, 94; He Specialized in Children's Welfare in Several Areas Assisted Refugees"
527:'s election campaign in 1912. He had first met Wilson in 1911 at a dinner celebrating the fourth anniversary of the founding of the
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346:; April 26, 1856 – November 25, 1946) was a German-born American lawyer and businessman, best known for his role as the
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Following the war, there was much interest and preparation within the Jewish community for the forthcoming
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in 1915 described the massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire as a "campaign of race extermination."
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massacre" as the Armenians, and that two million Armenians, Greeks, and Assyrians had already perished.
657:) – raising over $ 100 million in aid, the equivalent of $ 1 billion today. Through his friendship with
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1727:. Describes Ambassador Morgenthau's attempts to educate the American public about the genocide of the
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in Constantinople "was the point at which the interest of American Jews in the welfare of the Jews of
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714:. In 1919, he headed the United States government fact-finding mission to Poland, which produced the
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439:, due to an 1862 tobacco tariff on imports, which closed German tobacco exports to the US for good.
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829:(Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Co, 1925), 454 pages, 7 illustrations; featuring the
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Turks waived and ignored his protestations. He famously admonished the Ottoman Interior Minister
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853:(1974). With preface by W. N. Medlicott. New York: Armenian General Benevolent Union of America.
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and stabilized his income by becoming a fundraiser for Jewish houses of worship. Henry attended
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2005:
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1487:(New Brunswick, New Jersey: North American, 1982), pp. 768–769. Cited in Edward C. Corrigan,
1013:"Collection: Morgenthau Family Collection | the Center for Jewish History ArchivesSpace"
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United States Diplomacy on the Bosphorus: The Diaries of Ambassador Morgenthau, 1913–1916
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of which he stated, "I am firmly convinced that this is the greatest crime of the ages."
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2010:
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Native Christians Massacred: The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians during World War I
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Native Christians Massacred: The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians during World War I
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1115:"HELEN FOX DEAD; A GARDEN EXPERT; Writer Lectured Widely on Horticultural Topics"
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Morgenthau built a successful career as a lawyer and served as the leader of the
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Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776 to the Present
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Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776 to the Present
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595:, he reconsidered his decision and accepted Wilson's offer. Appointed as
354:. Morgenthau was one of the most prominent Americans who spoke about the
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922:, set in the final years of the Ottoman Empire, Morgenthau is played by
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from 1934 to July 1945. His daughter, Alma Wertheim, had married banker
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https://www.nycsubway.org/The_Impact_of_the_IRT_on_New_York_City_(Hood)
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Morgenthau married Josephine Sykes in 1882 and they had four children:
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Morgenthau's career enabled him to contribute handsomely to President
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United States Official Records on the Armenian Genocide. 1915–1917
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Morgenthau: Power, Privilege, and the Rise of an American Dynasty
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holds some 30,000 documents from his personal papers, including:
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135:
1606:. "The Assimilationist Dilemma: Ambassador Morgenthau's Story,"
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The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response
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The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response
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1712:. An electronic copy of Morgenthau's book on the treatment of
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Audio recording of Chapter 24, "The Murder of a Nation", from
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Clifton Hood, "The Impact of the IRT on New York City," in
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before him), Morgenthau was appointed as ambassador to the
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the Ottoman government and asked Washington to intervene.
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843:(1929) deals with his time working with Greek refugees (
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Morgenthau was born the ninth of 11 living children, in
1063:, Survey Number HAER NY-122, pp. 145–206, available at
819:(October 3, 1919) concerning the plight of Jews in the
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Ambassadors of the United States to the Ottoman Empire
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718:. In 1933, he was the American representative at the
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938:, American diplomat and wartime US consul to Harput
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1688:. With translations in French, German and Turkish.
942:Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide
896:(2004). London and Princeton: Gomidas Institute.
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599:in 1913, he served in this position until 1916.
51:United States Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
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1139:"Mrs. Wertheim to Marry Paul L. Weiner Today"
63:December 11, 1913 – February 1, 1916
1485:The Zionist Connection II: What Price Peace?
1269:. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. pp.
365:Morgenthau was the father of the politician
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1801:
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991:. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. p. 130.
29:
2306:20th-century American non-fiction writers
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1517:"Mrs. Ruth M. Knight, a Civic Leader, 77"
1205:"MRS. RUTH M. KNIGHT, A CIVIC LEADER, 77"
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866:(2004). Compiled with an introduction by
1719:by the Ottoman Empire from 1913 to 1929.
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782:Morgenthau published several books. The
766:in 1909 and was the mother of historian
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558:A telegram written by Morgenthau to the
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506:
466:Central Realty, Bond & Trust Company
2391:Woodrow Wilson administration personnel
2351:Emigrants from the Grand Duchy of Baden
2331:American businesspeople in real estate
2273:
1623:Works by or about Henry Morgenthau Sr.
1438:
1061:Historical American Engineering Record
795:(1918). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday (
671:published 145 articles in 1915 alone.
546:Ottoman Empire–United States relations
1782:
1536:Bezdikian, Hooshere (20 April 2017).
1443:. New York: Basic Books. p. 53.
682:, which appeared in the end of 1918.
597:U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
2366:Jewish American government officials
2291:20th-century American businesspeople
1679:at the World War I Document Archive.
1586:Mostly Morgenthaus: A Family History
1259:
970:. New York: HarperCollins. pp.
742:Morgenthau died in 1946 following a
1817:United States Ambassadors to Turkey
502:
13:
2386:Witnesses of the Armenian genocide
2301:20th-century American male writers
1761:United States Ambassador to Turkey
1600:. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
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14:
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2321:American male non-fiction writers
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1588:. New York: Ticknor & Fields.
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540:Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
348:ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
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2356:Immigrants to the United States
2341:City College of New York alumni
2316:American foreign policy writers
2296:20th-century American diplomats
1581:. New York: Random House, 2022.
1529:
1509:
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1469:Genocide Studies and Prevention
1441:The Enigma of Felix Frankfurter
1432:
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1237:"The Henry Morgenthau Preserve"
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1078:"Morgenthau | Encyclopedia.com"
2326:American people of World War I
1584:Morgenthau III, Henry (1991).
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2401:Jewish American anti-Zionists
1685:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
1676:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
1661:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
1632:Works by Henry Morgenthau Sr.
1429:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
1427:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
1241:The Henry Morgenthau Preserve
1104:. henrymorgenthaupreserve.com
947:
907:
792:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
680:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
676:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
631:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
488:collector and philanthropist
36:
2381:Diplomats from New York City
1739:of Anatolia and Mesopotamia.
1043:"Col. Astor Sells a Block,"
754:, at the age of 90. His son
7:
2336:Burials in New York (state)
1638:(public domain audiobooks)
1506:, Winter 1990–91, Number 35
1489:Jewish Criticism of Zionism
929:
468:. He was president of the
10:
2422:
2346:Columbia Law School alumni
1574:. New York: HarperCollins.
1500:Middle East Policy Council
1471:1 (December 2006): p. 327.
1425:Morgenthau, Henry (1918).
543:
385:, a historian who won the
369:His grandchildren include
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2019:
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1414:Power, Faith, and Fantasy
1401:Power, Faith, and Fantasy
1388:Power, Faith, and Fantasy
1375:Power, Faith, and Fantasy
1362:Power, Faith, and Fantasy
1313:Power, Faith, and Fantasy
870:. London: Taderon Press (
774:), and then John Knight.
760:Secretary of the Treasury
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2031:Ambassador Extraordinary
1982:Ambassador Extraordinary
1926:Minister Plenipotentiary
1697:Secrets of the Bosphorus
1161:jewishvirtuallibrary.org
985:Berlatsky, Noah (2015).
804:Secrets of the Bosphorus
725:
606:. After the outbreak of
470:Henry Morgenthau Company
447:, where he received his
445:City College of New York
399:Early life and education
267:City College of New York
198:Alma Morgenthau Wertheim
2396:American Ashkenazi Jews
1924:Envoy Extraordinary and
1143:Jewish Telegraph Agency
517:Cleveland Hoadley Dodge
499:community in New York.
2406:American anti-Zionists
1694:Henry Morgenthau Sr..
1658:Henry Morgenthau Sr..
1439:Hirsch, H. N. (1981).
1102:About Henry Morgenthau
851:The Murder of a Nation
835:online, at Archive.org
821:Second Polish Republic
739:
704:Paris Peace Conference
645:
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529:Free Synagogue society
520:
2361:German Ashkenazi Jews
988:The Armenian Genocide
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249:(great-granddaughter)
1709:I was sent to Athens
1647:Henry Morgenthau Sr.
1481:Alfred M. Lilienthal
892:Ara Sarafian (ed.):
841:I was sent to Athens
756:Henry Morgenthau Jr.
750:, and was buried in
371:Robert M. Morgenthau
367:Henry Morgenthau Jr.
223:Robert M. Morgenthau
217:Henry Morgenthau III
193:Henry Morgenthau Jr.
188:Helen Morgenthau Fox
23:Henry Morgenthau Sr.
2033:and Plenipotentiary
1984:and Plenipotentiary
1754:William W. Rockhill
1542:The Armenian Weekly
1463:Travis, Hannibal. "
1145:. January 24, 1934.
1046:The New York Times,
784:Library of Congress
752:Hawthorne, New York
744:cerebral hemorrhage
513:Samuel Train Dutton
472:from 1905 to 1913.
453:Columbia Law School
419:), in 1856 into an
276:Columbia Law School
84:William W. Rockhill
2023:Republic of Turkey
1522:The New York Times
1494:2010-07-06 at the
1348:The Burning Tigris
1330:The Burning Tigris
1299:The Burning Tigris
1209:The New York Times
1185:The New York Times
1119:The New York Times
1031:The Burning Tigris
887:Official documents
740:
712:American Red Cross
669:The New York Times
664:The New York Times
646:
642:Morgenthau's Story
635:
564:
521:
437:American Civil War
392:The Guns of August
383:Barbara W. Tuchman
381:for 35 years, and
229:Barbara W. Tuchman
2371:Morgenthau family
2198:
2197:
1863:Minister Resident
1842:Chargé d'Affaires
1777:
1776:
1768:Succeeded by
1746:Diplomatic posts
1702:Project Gutenberg
1666:Project Gutenberg
998:978-0-7377-7319-4
872:Gomidas Institute
831:Morgenthau Report
827:All in a Lifetime
816:Morgenthau Report
720:Geneva Conference
716:Morgenthau Report
687:Felix Frankfurter
626:
616:Armenian genocide
604:Armenian Question
550:Armenian genocide
413:Baden-Württemberg
375:District Attorney
360:Armenian genocide
309:
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146:November 25, 1946
132:Baden-Württemberg
16:American diplomat
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503:Political career
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421:Ashkenazi Jewish
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291:Lawyer, diplomat
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106:Personal details
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1592:Oren, Michael B
1577:Meier, Andrew.
1566:Balakian, Peter
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1560:Further reading
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1525:. May 18, 1972.
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1496:Wayback Machine
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237:(granddaughter)
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691:Central Powers
612:Constantinople
576:Ottoman Empire
572:Solomon Hirsch
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534:Ottoman Empire
525:Woodrow Wilson
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387:Pulitzer Prize
356:Greek genocide
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1048:Dec. 6, 1900
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647:
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568:Oscar Straus
565:
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511:Morgenthau,
494:
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451:, and later
441:
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390:
364:
311:
310:
148:(1946-11-25)
91:Succeeded by
58:
35:Morgenthau,
2286:1946 deaths
2281:1856 births
2185:Satterfield
2170:Ricciardone
1087:23 December
919:The Promise
708:Julius Kahn
659:Adolph Ochs
589:pro-Zionist
352:World War I
79:Preceded by
2275:Categories
2241:Literature
2130:Abramowitz
2060:Steinhardt
2006:Morgenthau
1915:Longstreet
1765:1913–1916
1609:Commentary
1594:. (2007).
1246:2022-04-10
1222:2022-04-10
1190:2022-04-09
1166:2022-03-29
1157:"Naumburg"
1124:2022-04-09
948:References
908:Depictions
544:See also:
433:Heppenheim
288:Profession
258:Alma mater
225:(grandson)
219:(grandson)
167:Democratic
117:1856-04-26
2217:Biography
2070:Wadsworth
2055:MacMurray
1737:Assyrians
1729:Armenians
1547:2 October
1416:, p. 337.
1403:, p. 336.
1390:, p. 335.
1364:, p. 334.
1351:, p. 223.
1333:, p. 222.
1315:, p. 333.
1302:, p. 220.
1217:0362-4331
1034:, p. 219.
584:Palestine
485:Henry Jr.
379:Manhattan
210:Relatives
68:President
59:In office
2253:Politics
2229:Business
2140:Grossman
2110:Macomber
2085:F Warren
2080:A Warren
2045:Sherrill
2001:Rockhill
1991:Leishman
1973:Leishman
1953:Thompson
1900:MacVeagh
1890:Williams
1717:refugees
1636:LibriVox
1568:(2003).
1492:Archived
1343:Balakian
1325:Balakian
1294:Balakian
1263:(2007).
1026:Balakian
964:(2003).
930:See also
806:(1918) (
425:Mannheim
405:Mannheim
358:and the
296:Religion
181:Children
124:Mannheim
2203:Portals
2165:Jeffrey
2155:Edelman
2150:Pearson
2135:Barkley
2105:Handley
2050:Skinner
1958:Terrell
1933:Wallace
1910:Maynard
1625:at the
1504:Journal
1271:332–333
972:219–221
858:Diaries
519:in 1916
417:Germany
350:during
136:Germany
2160:Wilson
2145:Parris
2115:Spiers
2075:McGhee
2065:Wilson
1996:Straus
1968:Straus
1963:Angell
1948:Hirsch
1943:Straus
1895:Morris
1885:Spence
1870:Porter
1854:Porter
1849:Erving
1735:, and
1733:Greeks
1447:
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1399:Oren.
1386:Oren.
1373:Oren.
1311:Oren.
1277:
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797:online
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644:, 1918
431:, and
429:Lorsch
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2190:Flake
2175:Baily
2120:Spain
2100:Komer
2011:Elkus
1905:Boker
1880:Marsh
1714:Greek
746:, in
736:above
726:Death
580:Porte
477:Helen
409:Baden
279:(LLB)
128:Baden
2180:Bass
2095:Hart
2090:Hare
2040:Grew
1875:Carr
1682:——.
1673:——.
1549:2017
1445:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1213:ISSN
1089:2023
993:ISBN
898:ISBN
876:ISBN
813:The
802:The
570:and
548:and
532:the
515:and
481:Alma
270:(BA)
157:U.S.
143:Died
111:Born
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