364:. When it was launched in 1940, the submarine demonstrated a top speed of 23 knots submerged, twice that of any submarine in the world at the time. Despite these spectacular results, problems with the production, supply, and safe handling of hydrogen peroxide prevented wide-scale implementation of Walter's revolutionary engine. In the end, only a handful of
356:(OKM – Naval High Command) suggesting that a submarine powered by one of these engines would have considerable speed advantages over the conventional combination of diesel engine(s) for surface running and electric motor(s) while submerged. The proposal was met with much scepticism, but Walter persisted, and in 1937 showed his plans to
376:
At the same time that Walter was developing submarine engines, he was also applying his ideas to rocketry. The high-pressure gas mixture created by the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide could not only be used in a
535:, eventually becoming vice president of research and development. In 1956 he founded the company Hellmuth Walter GmbH in Kiel, and in 1967 constructed a civilian submarine, STINT, with Walter propulsion.
413:
became the first aircraft to fly on liquid-fuelled rocket power alone. This type of engine went on to become the cornerstone of the
Messerschmitt Me 163 rocket-powered fighter, when married to
425:, Walter's aircraft engines became increasingly powerful and refined. The original design of simply decomposing hydrogen peroxide was soon changed to its use as an oxidizer (much like
33:
758:
437:, was added below the main chamber to allow for more precise control of the engine. Versions of this engine were intended to power a variety of aircraft design proposals and
753:
433:, into the hot, high-pressure gases, and in later, never-deployed developments, a second, 400 kg (880 lb) thrust "cruising" combustion chamber, nicknamed a
475:
following a 60-mile advance behind German lines to prevent his research falling into the hands of the advancing
Russians. His factory was then investigated by
360:, who was able to assist in obtaining a contract to produce a prototype. Construction started in 1939 on a small research submarine designated the
544:
118:
743:
497:
The end of the war saw all of his research materials confiscated by the
British military and Walter and his colleagues taken to the
556:
708:
610:
516:. The Royal Navy constructed two more submarines using AIP engines before abandoning research in this direction in favour of
334:
748:
692:
664:
635:
585:
401:. The experimental results obtained by von Braun created interest among Germany's aircraft manufacturers, including
523:
Allowed to return to
Germany in 1948, Walter worked for the Paul Seifert Engine Works. In 1950 he emigrated to the
231:
227:
108:
456:
or RATO). When the rockets' fuel had run out, they would separate from the aircraft and return to the ground by
60:
528:
763:
365:
243:
199:
397:
expressed interest in Walter's ideas, and in 1936 began a programme of installing Walter rockets into
346:
712:
219:
259:
223:
83:
738:
733:
532:
426:
230:). He left before completing these studies, however, in order to take up a position at the
177:
170:
8:
461:
429:
would be used later) when combined with a hydrazine/methanol true rocket fuel designated
239:
414:
688:
660:
631:
606:
581:
549:
506:
390:
294:
270:
123:
674:
Ciampaglia, Giuseppe (October 2013). "Il prof. Helmut Walter e l'acqua ossigenata".
301:. Walter also realised that another fuel could be injected into this hot mixture of
297:
would cause the oxygen and steam to expand, and this could be used as a source of
476:
310:
718:
505:. With Walter's co-operation, one of the German submarines using his drive, the
498:
410:
361:
274:
262:
or from tanks). This would have obvious advantages for powering submarines and
242:
here led him to become interested in overcoming some of the limitations of the
357:
727:
524:
517:
510:
452:
Another Walter engine was used to assist heavily laden aircraft to take off (
406:
326:
174:
162:
87:
64:
394:
422:
352:
191:
471:
for his wartime service. Walter was captured by a
British Army unit named
486:
446:
286:
166:
142:
502:
481:
468:
306:
457:
211:
195:
187:
418:
398:
298:
278:
235:
158:
509:
was raised from where it had been scuttled and re-commissioned as
333:, Walter branched out on his own in 1934 to form his own company,
32:
472:
438:
430:
402:
378:
263:
215:
98:
386:
382:
314:
255:
247:
169:. His most noteworthy contributions were rocket motors for the
442:
282:
56:
453:
330:
290:
251:
186:
jettisonable rocket propulsion units used for a variety of
181:
302:
258:
would not require an external supply of oxygen (from the
479:, a unit of Royal Marines which had been established by
349:
of his ideas. That same year, he made a proposal to the
759:
Recipients of the
Knights Cross of the War Merit Cross
580:. London: Biddles Limited, Guildford and King's Lynn.
368:were built using this engine, and none saw combat.
157:(26 August 1900 – 16 December 1980) was a German
754:Emigrants from West Germany to the United States
725:
194:, and a revolutionary new propulsion system for
687:(in German). Schirmer-Mosel. pp. 148 ff.
682:
673:
654:
625:
557:List of German inventors and discoverers
600:
575:
441:projects and was also licence-built in
726:
678:(in Italian). Genova: Chiavari: 82–92.
630:. Duncker & Humblot. p. 102.
569:
657:Vom Walter-U-Boot zum Waffelautomaten
603:T-Force: The Forgotten Heroes of 1945
335:Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft
605:. London: Constable & Robinson.
281:it would break down into oxygen and
325:After working for some time at the
277:fuel—in the presence of a suitable
13:
492:
460:for refurbishment and re-use (see
381:, but if simply directed out of a
14:
775:
744:Engineers from Schleswig-Holstein
702:
628:Der Rechtsstatus des Meeresbodens
421:design. Throughout the course of
371:
218:and in 1921 commenced studies in
467:In 1945, Walter was awarded the
232:Stettiner Maschinenbau AG Vulcan
31:
683:Bourke-White, Margaret (1979).
320:
619:
594:
1:
719:"The Hellmuth Walter Website"
659:(in German). Berlin: Köster.
648:
228:Technische Universität Berlin
205:
109:Technische Universität Berlin
529:Worthington Pump Corporation
393:'s rocketry team working at
161:who pioneered research into
7:
626:Vitzthum, Wolfgang (1972).
538:
366:German Type XVII submarines
238:. Walter's experience with
210:Walter began training as a
10:
780:
655:Strecker, Karl G. (2001).
244:internal combustion engine
200:air-independent propulsion
254:source already rich with
148:
138:
131:
114:
104:
94:
71:
42:
30:
23:
749:German rocket scientists
562:
347:research and development
269:Research suggested that
713:German National Library
676:Rivista Italiana Difesa
385:, created considerable
226:in Charlottenburg (now
16:German rocket scientist
685:Deutschland April 1945
601:Longden, Sean (2009).
246:. He reasoned that an
220:mechanical engineering
224:Technische Hochschule
84:Montclair, New Jersey
576:Reitsch, H. (1955).
533:Harrison, New Jersey
427:dinitrogen tetroxide
178:interceptor aircraft
171:Messerschmitt Me 163
462:Walther HWK 109-500
409:, and in 1939, the
317:this idea in 1925.
309:and therefore more
578:The Sky My Kingdom
415:Alexander Lippisch
61:Schleswig-Holstein
764:People from Wedel
612:978-1-84901-297-3
417:'s revolutionary
391:Wernher von Braun
351:Oberkommando der
271:hydrogen peroxide
152:
151:
133:Scientific career
771:
698:
679:
670:
642:
641:
623:
617:
616:
598:
592:
591:
573:
553:
501:to work for the
190:aircraft during
127:
78:
75:16 December 1980
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
779:
778:
774:
773:
772:
770:
769:
768:
724:
723:
709:Hellmuth Walter
705:
695:
667:
651:
646:
645:
638:
624:
620:
613:
599:
595:
588:
574:
570:
565:
547:
541:
527:and joined the
495:
493:Post-war career
477:30 Assault Unit
374:
323:
273:was a suitable
208:
155:Hellmuth Walter
121:
105:Alma mater
90:
80:
76:
67:
54:
48:
46:
38:
37:Hellmuth Walter
26:
25:Hellmuth Walter
17:
12:
11:
5:
777:
767:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
722:
721:
716:
704:
703:External links
701:
700:
699:
693:
680:
671:
665:
650:
647:
644:
643:
636:
618:
611:
593:
586:
567:
566:
564:
561:
560:
559:
554:
540:
537:
494:
491:
469:Knight's Cross
411:Heinkel He 176
373:
372:Rocket engines
370:
345:), to further
322:
319:
275:monopropellant
240:marine engines
207:
204:
163:rocket engines
150:
149:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
129:
128:
116:
115:Known for
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
81:
79:(aged 80)
73:
69:
68:
55:
53:26 August 1900
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
776:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
729:
720:
717:
714:
710:
707:
706:
696:
694:3-88814-162-1
690:
686:
681:
677:
672:
668:
666:3-89574-438-7
662:
658:
653:
652:
639:
637:3-428-02715-9
633:
629:
622:
614:
608:
604:
597:
589:
587:1-85367-262-9
583:
579:
572:
568:
558:
555:
551:
546:
545:Walter engine
543:
542:
536:
534:
530:
526:
525:United States
521:
519:
518:nuclear power
515:
514:
508:
504:
500:
490:
488:
484:
483:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:Messerschmitt
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Germaniawerft
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:powered by a
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:
179:
176:
175:Bachem Ba 349
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
147:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
125:
120:
119:Walter engine
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
88:United States
85:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
684:
675:
656:
627:
621:
602:
596:
577:
571:
522:
512:
496:
480:
466:
451:
434:
423:World War II
375:
353:Kriegsmarine
350:
343:Walter-Werke
342:
338:
329:shipyard in
324:
321:Entrepreneur
268:
209:
192:World War II
182:
180:, so-called
167:gas turbines
154:
153:
132:
77:(1980-12-16)
18:
739:1980 deaths
734:1900 births
548: [
487:Ian Fleming
447:HWK 109-509
358:Karl Dönitz
305:to provide
287:temperature
214:in 1917 in
143:Engineering
122: [
95:Nationality
728:Categories
649:References
503:Royal Navy
482:James Bond
435:Marschofen
395:PeenemĂĽnde
307:combustion
260:atmosphere
234:, a major
206:Early life
196:submarines
183:Starthilfe
49:1900-08-26
715:catalogue
513:Meteorite
458:parachute
264:torpedoes
212:machinist
198:known as
188:Luftwaffe
539:See also
419:airframe
399:aircraft
315:patented
299:pressure
295:reaction
285:at high
279:catalyst
236:shipyard
159:engineer
711:in the
485:author
473:T-Force
439:missile
431:C-Stoff
403:Heinkel
379:turbine
293:of the
222:at the
216:Hamburg
202:(AIP).
65:Germany
691:
663:
634:
609:
584:
507:U-1407
387:thrust
383:nozzle
289:. The
256:oxygen
248:engine
139:Fields
99:German
82:Upper
563:Notes
552:]
445:(see
443:Japan
341:, or
313:. He
311:power
303:gases
283:steam
126:]
57:Wedel
689:ISBN
661:ISBN
632:ISBN
607:ISBN
582:ISBN
511:HMS
454:JATO
405:and
362:V-80
331:Kiel
291:heat
252:fuel
173:and
165:and
72:Died
43:Born
531:of
464:).
449:).
339:HWK
730::
550:de
520:.
499:UK
489:.
389:.
266:.
124:de
86:,
63:,
59:,
697:.
669:.
640:.
615:.
590:.
337:(
51:)
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
