Gulbuddin Hekmatyar

979:

benefits to him as Hekmatyar had little grassroots support, but did have many adverse effects: it caused outrage among Jamiat supporters, and among the population of Kabul, who had endured Hekmatyar's attacks for the last four years. Moreover, the agreement was clearly not what the Pakistanis wanted, and convinced them of Hekmatyar's weakness, and that they should shift their aid entirely over to the Taliban. Hekmatyar took office on 26 June, and immediately started issuing severe decrees on women's dress that struck a sharp contrast with the relatively liberal policy that Massoud had followed until then. The Taliban responded to the agreement with a further spate of rocket attacks on the capital. The Rabbani/Hekmatyar regime lasted only a few months before the Taliban took control of Kabul in September 1996. Many of the Hezb-e Islami local commanders joined the Taliban, "both out of ideological sympathy and for reason of tribal solidarity." Those that did not were expelled by the Taliban. In Pakistan, Hezb-e Islami training camps "were taken over by the Taliban and handed over" to

1148:, when some elements of the Taliban were becoming "disorganized and frustrated." HIG claimed responsibility for and is thought to have at least assisted in a 27 April 2008 attempt on the life of President Karzai in Kabul that killed three Afghan citizens, including a member of parliament. Other attacks for which it was thought to be responsible included the 2 January 2008 shooting down in Laghman province of a helicopter containing foreign troops; the shooting and forcing down of a U.S. military helicopter in Sarubi district of Kabul on 22 January; and blowing up a Kabul police vehicle in March 2008, killing 10 soldiers. 4769: 4834: 4685: 87: 306: 292: 5548: 4924: 4887: 5560: 5570: 924:. All the different parties participated in the destruction, but Hekmatyar's group was responsible for most of the damage, because of his practice of deliberately targeting civilian areas. Hekmatyar is thought to have bombarded Kabul in retaliation for what he considered its inhabitants' collaboration with the Soviets, and out of religious conviction. He once told a 1115:. In September 2006, he was reported as captured, but the report was later retracted. In December 2006, a video was released in Pakistan, where Gulbuddin Hekmatyar claimed "the fate Soviet Union faced is awaiting America as well." In January 2007 CNN reported that Hekmatyar claimed "that his fighters helped Osama bin Laden escape from the mountains of 650:("Islamic Party"), was led by Hekmatyar, who favored a radical approach in the form of violent armed conflict. Pakistani support largely went to Hekmatyar's group, who, in October 1975, undertook to instigate an uprising against the government. Without popular support, the rebellion ended in complete failure, and hundreds of militants were arrested. 841:. Many senior members of his party resigned in protest of the coalition, and other Mujahideen groups ridiculed Hekmatyar for uniting with Khalqists to oust the Parcham government. In addition, there were frequent reports throughout the war of Hekmatyar's commanders negotiating and dealing with pro-Communist local militias in northern Afghanistan. 896:, who were predominantly Pashtuns, joined with Hekmatyar. With their help, he began on 24 April to infiltrate troops into Kabul, and announced that he had seized the city, and that should any other leaders try to fly into Kabul, he would shoot their plane down. The new leader of the "Islamic Interim Government of Afghanistan", 719:

significant numbers of mujahideen from other parties, and taking a virulently anti-Western line. In addition to hundreds of millions of dollars of American aid, Hekmatyar also received the lion's share of aid from the Saudis." Hekmatyar's constant scheming against all of the mujahideen factions led Pakistani general and leader

943:, unleashing massive barrages of artillery and rockets that led to the evacuation of U.N. personnel from Kabul, and caused several government members to abandon their posts. However the new alliance did not spell victory for Hekmatyar, and in June 1994, Massoud had driven Dostum's troops from the capital. 1182:

On 10 February 2014, Gulbuddin's HIG group executed an attack which killed two US civilians, Paul Goins and Michael Hughes, and wounded two other Americans and seven Afghan nationals. HIG was also responsible for a 16 May 2013 suicide VBIED attack in Kabul, which destroyed a US armored SUV and killed

1155:

to open talks with "opponents of the government" and hints that they would be offered official posts "such as deputy minister or head of department", were thought to be directed at Hekmatyar. It was reported in 2008 that Hekmatyar lived in an unknown location in southeastern Afghanistan, close to the

2420:

Hekmatyar ... had stayed on in Pakistan since 1973 and with Pakistan's incitement, his group started low level operations against the PDPA administration in 1978. Hekmatyar was openly supported by the leaders of the Pakistani Jamaat-i Islami and according to then Major-General Kamal Matinuddin 'the

735:

producers in the Middle East. Hekmatyar first became involved in the narcotics trade in the summer of 1988, as it became apparent that the Soviets were intending to withdraw. Initially becoming involved in trafficking opium, Hekmatyar's was the first of the mujahideen groups to establish and operate

957:

The Pakistani military had supported Hekmatyar until then in the hope of installing a Pashtun-dominated government in Kabul, which would be friendly to their interests. By 1994, it had become clear that Hekmatyar would never achieve this, and that his extremism had antagonised most Pashtuns, so the

928:

journalist that Afghanistan "already had one and a half million martyrs. We are ready to offer as many to establish a true Islamic Republic." His attacks also had a political objective: to undermine the Rabbani government by proving that Rabbani and Massoud were unable to protect the population. In

904:

as defense minister, and urged him to take action. This he did, taking the offensive on 25 April, and after two days heavy fighting, the Hezb-i Islami and its allies were expelled from Kabul. A peace agreement was signed with Massoud on 25 May 1992, which made Hekmatyar Prime Minister. However, the

1191:

On 22 September 2016, Hekmatyar was pardoned by the Afghan government as part of a peace deal between Hezb-i-Islami and the government. The deal also allowed for the release of Hezb-i-Islami prisoners and the return of Hekmatyar to public life. The deal led a group of young activists to organise a

970:

on 10 February and Mohammed Agha the next day. Very soon, Hekmatyar found himself caught between the advancing Taliban and the government forces, and the morale of his men collapsed. On 14 February, he was forced to abandon his headquarters at Charasiab, from where rockets were fired at Kabul, and

991:

in 1997, where he is said to have resided for almost six years. Isolated from Afghanistan he is reported to have "lost ... his power base back home" to defections or inactivity of former members. He was also distrusted by the Iranian Government, who found him too unpredictable, unreliable, and an

1227:

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and his organization are reported to have joined the Council of Reconciliation formed by the Taliban. He voiced his support of the Taliban in September 2021 even if he and his party will not be included in governance. In October 2022, Hekmatyar told a sermon in Kabul that the

1054:

against the United States. One of his commanders commented that there "will be suicide attacks against soldiers". On 25 December 2002, news broke that American spy organizations had discovered Hekmatyar attempting to join al-Qaeda. According to the news, he had said that he was available to aid

978:

Nonetheless, in May 1996, Rabbani and Hekmatyar finally formed a power-sharing government in which Hekmatyar was made prime minister. Rabbani was anxious to enhance the legitimacy of his government by enlisting the support of Pashtun leaders. However, the Mahipar agreement did not bring any such

718:

states that "by the most conservative estimates, $ 600 million" in American aid through Pakistan "went to the Hizb party ... Hekmatyar's party had the dubious distinction of never winning a significant battle during the war, training a variety of militant Islamists from around the world, killing

4229:

Rahman was captured about three weeks before his death in a raid in the Pakistani Capital of Islamabad against Hezb-e-Islami, an Afghan insurgent group led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, which was believed to have ties to al-Qaida. Rahman was arrested along with Hekmatyar's son-in-law, Dr. Ghairat

813:

reported that Hekmatyar's guerrillas hijacked a 96-horse caravan bringing aid into northern Afghanistan, stealing a year's supply of medicine and cash that was to be distributed to villagers. This would have allowed the villagers to buy food. French relief officials also asserted that

4137:

The BBC quoted Habib-ur-Rahman, son of Hezb-e-Islami chief Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, as saying that his father was willing to give up fighting, and added that a ceasefire was also possible while US troops remained in Afghanistan, 'If they remain in their bases, then we will not attack

1211:

and Hekmatyar, who appeared via a video link in the presidential palace, signing the agreement. UN sanctions on him were formally lifted on 3 February 2017. On 4 May 2017, he returned to Kabul along with his fighters to meet President Ghani after spending two decades in hiding.

1033:

The United States accused Hekmatyar of urging Taliban fighters to re-form and fight against Coalition troops in Afghanistan. He was also accused of offering bounties for those who kill U.S. troops. He has been labeled a war criminal by members of the U.S.-backed President

677:. It had its operational base in the Nasir Bagh, Worsak and Shamshatoo refugee camps in Pakistan. In these camps, Hezb-i Islami formed a social and political network and operated everything from schools to prisons, with the support of the Pakistani government and their 789:. Hekmatyar at the last minute refused to engage his part of the offensive, leaving Massoud open and vulnerable. Massoud's forces barely escaped with their lives. In July 1989 Hezb-e-Islami commander Sayyed Jamal ambushed and killed 30 commanders of Massoud's 1135:

reported that after being "sidelined from Afghan politics" since the mid-1990s, Gulbuddin's HIG group had "recently reemerged as an aggressive militant group, claiming responsibility for many bloody attacks against Coalition forces at the time, primarily the

3113: 420:. He established himself and his group amongst the leading heroin suppliers in the Middle East. Given the CIA's connection, this became a subject of diplomatic embarrassment for the US foreign service. Following the ouster of Soviet-backed Afghan President 1441:

Having been described as a "prolific writer" who, "despite rarely ceasing to fight, has authored more than 60 (reportedly 79) books on linguistics, Pashto grammar, comparative religion and political analysis", some of his publications include :

1110:

and blamed the ongoing conflicts in Palestine, Iraq and Afghanistan on U.S. interference. In an audiotape released the same month, he called for revolt against U.S. forces and Karzai's "puppet government", and directly threatened to kill Lt. General

1026:-brokered accord of 5 December 2001 negotiated in Germany as a post-Taliban interim government for Afghanistan. As a result of pressure by the U.S. and the Karzai administration, on 10 February 2002 all the offices of Hezb-e-Islami were closed in 808:

Andy Skrzypkowiak, who was killed in 1987 while carrying footage of Massoud's successes to the West. Despite protests from British representatives, Hekmatyar did not punish the culprits, and instead rewarded them with gifts. The same year

681:(ISI). From 1976 to 1977 Afghan President Daoud made overtures to Pakistan which led to reconciliation with Pakistani leader Bhutto. Bhutto's support to Hekmatyar, however, continued and when Bhutto was removed from power in Pakistan by 709:

military commander in Afghanistan. Others describe his position as the result of having "almost no grassroots support and no military base inside Afghanistan", and thus being the much more "dependent on Pakistani President

4004:"In Friday Sermon, Hizb-i-Islami Leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Says Doha Pact Has Failed To Bring Peace To Afghanistan, Presents Five-Point Plan For Intra-Afghan Talks To Replace The 'Acting' Taliban Government In Kabul" 844:

Overall, Hekmatyar has been accused of spending "more time fighting other Mujahideen than killing Soviets." Through the anti-Soviet war and beyond, he remained a controversial yet persistently influential figure whom

3105: 4114: 1070:

jointly designated Hekmatyar a "global terrorist." This designation meant that any assets Hekmatyar held in the U.S., or held through companies based in the U.S., would be frozen. The U.S. also requested the

645:

strategy to gain power, through infiltration of society and the state apparatus. Rabbani advocated for the "building of a widely based movement that would create popular support". The other movement, called

1013:

Hekmatyar, who had allegedly "worked closely" with bin Laden in the early 1990s, declared his opposition to the US campaign in Afghanistan and criticized Pakistan for assisting the United States. After the

1236:(2019-2020) failed to bring peace to Afghanistan because of the influence of "foreigners". He proposed intra-Afghan talks to form an inclusive government to replace the current interim Taliban government. 996:

refused to establish a proxy through any of his organizations or assist him in any way. Allegedly, they even cut his phone lines and turned away anyone who wished to see him in his villa in North Tehran.

537:

deemed Hekmatyar to be a bright young man and sent him to the Mahtab Qala military academy in 1968, but he was expelled due to his political views two years later. From 1969 to 1972, Hekmatyar attended

4383: 4357: 4328: 4302: 1183:

two US soldiers, four US civilian contractors, eight Afghans—including two children—and wounded at least 37 others. The attack marked the deadliest incident against US personnel in Kabul in 2013.

1058:

On 10 February 2003, the Afghan government reported that Hekmatyar was planning an alliance with Taliban and al-Qaeda factions. His group was involved in an intense battle with the U.S. army near

4276: 4250: 577:. By his own account he became an Islamist when he heard of Qutb's death in 1966, on radio, and also contradicts that he was a communist during his youth. Although some believe that Hekmatyar 5410: 865:

A highly controversial commander, Hekmatyar has been dubbed the "Butcher of Kabul", accused of being responsible for the destruction and civilian deaths Kabul experienced in the early 1990s.

4046: 818:, an aid coordinator bringing cash to Afghan villagers, was killed by one of Hekmatyar's commanders in 1986. It is thought that two American journalists traveling with Hekmatyar in 1987, 785:

was particularly contentious. Massoud was arrested in Pakistan for espionage in 1976 with Hekmatyar's cooperation. Later Massoud and Hekmatyar agreed to stage a takeover operation in the

1827: 4102:

His other son, Abdullah Shahab, who was held by the US forces in Kunar province of Afghanistan two years back is still languishing in the heavily guarded Bagram Prison in Afghanistan.

1055:

them. However, in a video released by Hekmatyar 1 September 2003, he denied forming alliances with the Taliban or al-Qaeda, but praised attacks against U.S. and international forces.

4500: 886:

began to collapse, government officials joined the mujahideen, choosing different parties according to their ethnic and political affinities. For the most part, the members of the

1171:. By then, he held out the possibility of negotiations with President Karzai and outlined a roadmap for political reconciliation. This contrasted with the views of Taliban leader 5400: 1358: 736:

heroin production factories in the region. Hekmatyar's involvement in the production and distribution of illegal narcotics became a subject of diplomatic embarrassment for the

1164:

and was even considered for prime minister. At the time, Hekmatyar was believed to shuttle between hideouts in Pakistan's mountainous tribal areas and northeast Afghanistan.

1978: 731:

As the Soviet-Afghan War was coming to its end, Hekmatyar used the funds and weapons provided to him by the CIA and ISI to establish his organization as one of the leading

4124: 1750: 1347: 777:, or pronouncing apostasy against other Muslims. On that basis it regularly attacked other mujahideen factions as well as the Soviet occupation. Hekmatyar's conflict with 440:

alone. Hekmatyar was accused of bearing the most responsibility for the rocket attacks on the city. In the meantime, as part of the peace and power-sharing efforts led by

3632: 565:("Organization of Muslim Youth") which was gaining influence because of its opposition to the Soviet influence in Afghanistan increasing through the PDPA elements in 1875: 1566: 1239:

In 2024, the Taliban cracked down on Hekmatyar, forcing him out of his government residence and shutting down his weekly sermons and the TV station that aired them.

5669: 5634: 4665: 4379: 4159: 1401: 1312: 3789: 1075:

Committee on Terrorism to follow suit, and designate Hekmatyar an associate of Osama bin Laden. In October 2003, he declared a ceasefire with local commanders in

474:

In 2016, he signed a peace deal with the Afghan government and was allowed to return to Afghanistan after almost 20 years in exile. Following the collapse of the

4353: 4324: 4298: 1366: 1144:." The re-emergence of him as an "experienced guerrilla strategist" came at a propitious time for insurgency, following the killing of Taliban commander Mullah 3077: 723:

to warn Hekmatyar that it was Pakistan that made him an Afghan leader and that Pakistan could and would destroy him if he resisted operational control by ISI.

705:

in Downing Street. According to the ISI, their decision to allocate the highest percentage of covert aid to Hekmatyar was based on his record as an effective

4003: 3654: 2611:(2004). "The Stimulus of Prohibition: A Critical History of the Global Narcotics Trade". In Steinberg, Michael K.; Hobbs, Joseph J.; Mathewson, Kent (eds.). 4272: 2097:

Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. New York: Penguin, 2004.

3228: 2010: 1853: 1416: 498:

seeking to form a government. However they were subdued as the Taliban formed a non-inclusive government in September 2021. Hekmatyar remains in Kabul.

2357: 962:. After capturing Kandahar in November 1994, the Taliban made rapid progress towards Kabul, making inroads into Hezb-e Islami positions. They captured 826:, were killed not by the Soviets, as Hekmatyar's men claimed, but during a firefight initiated by Hekmatyar's forces against another mujahideen group. 987:

Pakistan (SSP). Hekmatyar then fled to Massoud's stronghold in Panjshir who, despite Hekmatyar's history of animosity towards him, helped him flee to

605:. Akbarzadeh and Yasmeen describe Hekmatyar's approach as "radical" and antagonistic as opposed to an "inclusive" and "moderate" strategy by Rabbani. 4242: 2946: 1386: 879:(ISI) to conquer and rule Afghanistan in the benefit of Pakistani interests. The plan was delayed until 1992 due to US pressure to cancel that plan. 2374: 815: 389:

organization as a student in the early 1970s, where he was known for his Islamic radicalism rejected by much of the organization. He spent time in

5006: 1196:

called the deal "an affront to victims of grave abuses". Hezb-i-Islami agreed to cease hostilities, cut ties to extremist groups and respect the

801:. The attack was typical of Hekmatyar's strategy of trying to cripple rival factions, and incurred widespread condemnation among the mujahideen. 1593:"Security Council ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee Removes One Entry from Its Sanctions List Meetings Coverage and Press Releases" 5654: 4892: 1766: 823: 697:, Hekmatyar received large amounts of aid from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the United States. Hekmatyar also gained the support of the British 1823: 593:, also an engineering student at Kabul University. In 1975, trying to assassinate a rival for the second time in three years, Hekmatyar with 4404:

Hekmatyar has authored 79 books on linguistics, Pashto grammar and comparative religion. Published in The Express Tribune, July 29th, 2011.

3715: 2481: 5624: 4658: 4504: 3991: 3425: 2572:(2007). "Financing Afghan Terrorism: Thugs, Drugs & Creative Movements of Money". In Giraldo, Jeanne K.; Trinkunas, Harold A. (eds.). 3899: 1801: 992:

unnecessary liability, considering its tense relations at the time with the Taliban and the Pakistani government. Despite his pleas, the

893: 597:

help tried to assassinate Massoud, then 22 years old, but failed. In 1975, the "Islamic Society" split between supporters of Massoud and

569:

government. He was one of the foundational members of the organization. He may have also been influenced by the ideological teachings of

905:

agreement fell apart when he was blamed for a rocket attack on President Mojaddedi's plane. The following day, fighting resumed between

5629: 5114: 3927: 3051: 5664: 5405: 1657: 1050:

the same day that killed more than a dozen people in Kabul. That same month, he released newsletters and tape messages calling for

952: 914: 1953: 5619: 5604: 5075: 4651: 3913: 2612: 1137: 2727:

Felbab-Brown, Vanda (June 2006). "Kicking the Opium Habit?: Afghanistan's Drug Economy and Politics since the 1980s: Analysis".

1747: 5573: 4972: 3842: 1687: 860: 744:, said "Every situation has its fallout...There was fallout in terms of drugs, yes. But the main objective was accomplished." 4464: 3624: 3301: 3146: 3003: 2926: 2514: 2441: 2326: 2265: 2082: 1451:

Politics and government in Afghanistan during 1989 to 1998, when Taliban extended their control to most parts of Afghanistan.

1168: 1015: 412:

In the late 1980s Hekmatyar and his organization used the funds and weapons provided to them by the CIA to start trafficking

339: 335: 5644: 3763: 379: 3860: 1927: 1570: 633:, camps were set up to train Hekmatyar and other anti-Daoud Islamists. The Islamist movement had two main tendencies: the 5614: 5432: 4999: 4151: 3543: 2980: 1179:, who refused any talks with Kabul as long as foreign troops remained in the country, Hekmatyar appeared less reluctant. 920:

From 1992 to 1996, the warring factions destroyed most of Kabul and killed thousands, many of them civilians, during the

4405: 4183:"Death shed light on CIA 'Salt Pit' near Kabul: Handling of terror suspect led to inquiry by agency's inspector general" 4028: 5674: 5363: 5059: 4780: 4774: 2876: 2413: 883: 4479: 4064: 3879: 3684: 2784: 2626: 2587: 2240: 2228:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001

2176: 2074:

Meena, heroine of Afghanistan: the martyr who founded RAWA, the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan

2072: 1216: 1067: 3941: 2770: 4609: 4457:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to 10 September 2001

2152: 1985: 3662: 4214:"CIA prisoner said to have once rescued Karzai: Suspected insurgent froze to death while in U.S. custody in 2002" 4182: 475: 4243:"Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's spokesman and son-in-law freed in Kabul: He was taken for meetings with President Karzai" 1469:

Critical study of "Būdā dar Afghānistān takhrīb nashud, az sharm furūʹrīkht" a book by prominent Iranian writer

5563: 5502: 5481: 5415: 5384: 4992: 2656: 1063: 433: 1849: 617:

coincided with a period of diplomatic tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan, due to Daoud's revival of the

5609: 4969: 4674: 4592: 4557: 4416: 1106:

in which he accused Iran of backing the U.S. in the Afghan conflict and said he was ready to fight alongside

1091:, and stated that they should only fight foreigners. Hekmatyar was classified as a terrorist organization in 940: 810: 737: 491: 101: 4050: 3078:"A Nation Challenged: The Warlords; The Corrupt and Brutal Reclaim Afghan Thrones, Evoking Chaos of Somalia" 2354: 1038:'s government. ISAF identified Hekmatyar in 2002 as the number one security threat, ahead of the Taliban or 4839: 3816: 1876:"Afghanistan's Hekmatyar says heading for Doha with Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah to meet Taliban - Al Jazeera" 993: 921: 425: 2956: 1426:

Born in 1995, he was killed by a US airstrike on April 21, 2011. He was reported to have played a role in

4847: 4730: 4550: 3992:

The News of Islamabad: August 23, 2021: Hekmatyar tells India slug don't poke your nose into our business

3570: 3517: 2686: 1151:

In interviews he demanded "all foreign forces to leave immediately unconditionally." Offers by President

876: 678: 444:, Hekmatyar became Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 1993 to 1994 and again briefly in 1996, before the 402: 401:

began funding his rapidly growing Hezb-e Islami organization through the Pakistani intelligence service,

398: 199: 3966: 2382: 1620: 42: 5649: 5343: 5109: 4746: 4735: 3188: 2284: 5659: 5523: 5207: 2989: 2579: 2164: 542:'s engineering department. During his first year at the university he wrote a 149-page book entitled 38: 17: 3052:"Notorious Afghan Warlord 'Rocketyar' Ready to Return to Politics | Voice of America - English" 1204:

and American sanctions against Hekmatyar, who was also promised an honorary post in the government.

4751: 2378: 2018: 1661: 834: 483: 2800: 2109:

The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War, and the Future of the Region

1215:

He has then called on the Taliban to end their insurgency and lay down arms. Hekmatyar ran in the

601:, who led the Jamiat-e Islami, and elements surrounding Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, who then founded the 558:. Though he did not complete his degree, his followers still address him as "Engineer Hekmatyar". 86: 5639: 5092: 3719: 2618: 2310: 2126: 1096: 1088: 666: 363: 310: 258: 4152:"Detained Canadian a 'casualty of war on terror': Questions raised about delay in consular help" 3138:

The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers

589:. Hekmatyar's radicalism put him in confrontation with elements in the Muslim Youth surrounding 5599: 5488: 5323: 4874: 4690: 4617: 4089: 3435: 3289: 2168: 1076: 963: 897: 515: 248: 156: 3136: 2918: 2506: 2500: 1791: 409:. He received more CIA funding than any other mujahideen leader during the Soviet-Afghan War. 5467: 5015: 4857: 4567: 3293: 3283: 2569: 1270: 694: 394: 367: 331: 212: 2906: 2801:"The Causes of the Failure of Government of Afghanistan Under Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani" 5594: 5495: 5353: 5197: 5151: 5104: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4756: 4708: 2454: 2196:(1st ed., 2008 ed.). Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, Washington DC. 1233: 1132: 980: 534: 375: 2942: 1411:

Either Gulbuddin's son-in-law, or the son-in-law of Ahktar Muhammed, Gulbuddin's brother.

8: 5348: 5313: 5303: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5217: 5171: 5166: 4863: 4821: 4791: 4725: 4581: 3381: 3192: 2736: 2288: 1510: 1505:

Islāmī taḥrīk : Nādirī k̲h̲ānadān ko iqtidār men̲ lāne se Rūsiyon̲ ke ink̲h̲ilāʼ tak

1197: 910: 906: 838: 720: 711: 682: 638: 630: 598: 566: 507: 421: 244: 187: 140: 128: 3470: 1665: 5552: 5530: 5212: 5187: 5097: 4085: 3082: 2914: 2868: 2748: 2706: 2668: 2458: 2157: 1624: 1247:

Some of Gulbuddin's relatives have served or are suspected of serving as his deputies.

1193: 1176: 1119:

five years ago." BBC news reported a quote from a December 2006 interview broadcast on

1047: 1042:. He was also a suspect behind the 5 September 2002 assassination attempt on Karzai in 901: 847: 782: 757: 674: 626: 590: 570: 441: 2194:

How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan

1706: 5333: 5156: 4460: 3884: 3658: 3406: 3297: 3142: 2922: 2872: 2780: 2766: 2752: 2710: 2622: 2583: 2510: 2437: 2409: 2322: 2261: 2236: 2172: 2078: 1714: 1518:

Rātlūnkay Islāmī niẓām bah ṡangah wī? mashar bah ʼī ṡok wī? ṡangah bah ghwarah kīẓhī?

1470: 1103: 740:. The CIA officer with responsibility for its operations in Afghanistan at the time, 702: 622: 487: 406: 359: 4521: 3741: 3495: 2907: 1691: 829:

Hekmatyar made an unlikely alliance with hardline communist and Minister of Defence

5474: 5446: 5328: 5192: 4905: 4720: 4631: 4601: 3601: 2833: 2740: 2698: 2660: 1592: 1200:

in exchange for government recognition of the group and support for the removal of

586: 547: 539: 270: 162: 117: 4432: 2645:

Haq, Ikramul (1 October 1996). "Pak-Afghan Drug Trade in Historical Perspective".

1280:

Arrested due to his ties with Gulbuddin in August 2008. Released in January 2009.

5439: 5379: 5358: 5141: 5080: 5027: 4796: 4643: 3548: 3430: 2984: 2951: 2608: 2361: 2059:

Night Letters: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and the Afghan Islamists Who Changed the World

1754: 1540: 1229: 1112: 1107: 830: 798: 786: 778: 754:

Hezb-i Islami men are like cancer, that is why one has to treat the cancer first.

530: 511: 5509: 5460: 5338: 5318: 5308: 4740: 2702: 2041: 1767:"Terry Glavin: The rehabilitation of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, the Butcher of Kabul" 1328: 1323:

Gave interviews describing Gulbuddin's position in peace negotiations in 2010.

1201: 1192:

protest against the pardoning less than a mile away from the signing ceremony.

1084: 1080: 1072: 984: 555: 526: 2977: 2837: 2744: 2614:

Dangerous Harvest: Drug Plants and the Transformation of Indigenous Landscapes

1167:

In January 2010, he was still considered one of the three main leaders of the

5588: 5161: 5146: 5085: 4801: 4714: 4115:"Hekmatyar willing for cease-fire if coalition forces stay within main bases" 3382:"BBC News | Monitoring | Hekmatyar: 'neither captured nor wounded'" 2232: 1718: 1460:

On good and bad poetry and mysticism in light of the teachings of the Qur'an.

1207:

The agreement was formalised on 29 September 2016 with both Afghan President

1010: 972: 931: 741: 714:'s protection and financial largesse" than other mujahideen factions. Author 654: 602: 581:

at multiple female students, others have attributed this claim to the Soviet

490:, former chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation and former 3861:"Afghanistan Signs Draft Peace Deal With Faction Led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar" 2824:

Roy, Olivier (1984). "The origins of the Islamist movement in Afghanistan".

2573: 1473:

on the history, jihad and Afghan refugees and other articles on Afghanistan.

5054: 4942: 3596: 3279: 2647: 1796: 1378: 1208: 1152: 1141: 1035: 967: 869: 771:

Hezb-e-Islami distinguished itself among the mujahideen by its practice of

715: 618: 562: 529:. His father, Ghulam Qader, who migrated to Kunduz, is originally from the 479: 464: 460: 459:

Sometime after the Taliban's fall in 2001 he went to Pakistan, leading his

386: 371: 296: 4213: 4068: 3692: 1902: 4948: 4929: 4910: 4483: 1850:"Afghanistan signs peace deal with infamous, reclusive warlord Hekmatyar" 1339: 1172: 1059: 819: 706: 658: 578: 574: 3942:"Hekmatyar Urges Taliban 'Brothers' To End War, Offers To Mediate Talks" 362:

leader and drug trafficker. He is the founder and current leader of the

4703: 4698: 4452: 2672: 2227: 2222: 1465:

Būdā az sharm furūʹnarīkht, takhrīb shud : dar pāsukh-i Makhmalbāf

1123:, "We helped them get out of the caves and led them to a safe place." 642: 265: 4190: 5516: 5453: 2776: 2318: 2211:(2005 ed.). University of New South Wales Press. pp. 81–82. 1293:

Son of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's brother, Shahabuddin; Captured in 2007.

1116: 929:

1994 Hekmatyar would shift alliances, joining with Dostum as well as

805: 4984: 2664: 2375:"Shamshatoo Refugee Camp: A Base of Support for Gulbuddin Hekmatyar" 851:

described as "perhaps the most brutal of a generally brutal group".

5031: 4437: 4155: 4080: 4078: 1161: 1145: 1095:

in 2005, and is one of two individuals on Canada's list; his party

1043: 1039: 873: 670: 662: 614: 594: 390: 3026:

Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan

2575:

Terrorism Financing and State Responses: A Comparative Perspective

2531:

Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan

3880:"Afghanistan Takes a Step Toward Peace With Notorious Ex-Warlord" 1824:"Gulbuddin Hekmatyar: Ruthless Warlord, New Karzai Ally or Both?" 1615: 1613: 1513:

regime of 1929 up to Russian withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989.

1157: 1019: 959: 868:

According to the U.S. Special Envoy to Afghanistan in 1989–1992,

804:

Hekmatyar's faction also attacked non-combatants such as British

794: 519: 445: 429: 4075: 4029:"'One-Party Rule': Taliban Wages Crackdown On Political Parties" 2978:

Two US journalists reported killed in Afghanistan; details murky

3285:

Taliban: Militant islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia

2947:"Afghanistan revisited - civil war between mujaheddin factions" 1621:"Afghanistan's Civil Wars: Violations by United Front Factions" 1120: 1092: 773: 732: 523: 453: 417: 3877: 2865:

Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan

2406:

Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan

2285:"Afghanistan: Pakistan's Support of Afghan Islamists, 1975–79" 2206: 1610: 1482:

On the Oneness of God and polytheism as interpreted in Qur'an.

1051: 888: 551: 437: 413: 4480:"Gulbuddin Hekmayar: A magnet of discontent in Afghanistan?" 2011:"Gulbuddin Hekmatyar: From Holy Warrior to Wanted Terrorist" 4501:"Gulbudin Hekmayar: The Rise and Fall of an Afghan Warlord" 4275:. Database - Who is who in Afghanistan?. 27 February 2011. 4246: 4119: 2447: 1027: 1023: 1006: 988: 958:

Pakistanis began turning towards the predominantly Pashtun

495: 468: 449: 3967:"Former Afghan warlord Hekmatyar enters presidential race" 3458:

Holy war, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden

3039:

Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden

2689:(July 1992). "Heroin Trafficking in the Golden Crescent". 2544:

Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden

2434:

The Road to 9/11: Wealth, Empire and the Future of America

4217: 4186: 2159:

In the Graveyard of Empires: America's War in Afghanistan

698: 582: 358:(born 1 August 1949) is an Afghan politician, and former 4382:. Database - Who is who in Afghanistan?. 15 April 2011. 4327:. Database - Who is who in Afghanistan?. 15 April 2011. 4301:. Database - Who is who in Afghanistan?. 15 April 2011. 2200: 2111:(2002 1st ed.). Palgrave, New York. pp. 38–42. 2070: 1903:"Taliban met ex-Afghan leader Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah" 1156:

Pakistani border. In 2008, he denied any links with the

4356:. Database - Who is who in Afghanistan?. 11 July 2010. 1658:"Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Return to the Afghan Insurgency" 1522:

Government and politics according to Islamic teachings.

4049:. Quqnoos News Service. 17 August 2008. Archived from 3878:

Bengali, Shashank; Faizy, Sultan (22 September 2016).

2279: 2277: 2048:, 1990. International Relations Publishing House, USSR 1456:

Shiʻr va ʻirfān dar miḥak-i Qurʼān va shaqāyiq-i adabī

3928:"Hekmatyar returns to Kabul after 20 years in hiding" 3358:, Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir, editors, (2007), p. 133 2140:

Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present

1491:

Translation into Pashto and commentary of the Qur'an.

1000: 561:

During his years in university, Hekmatyar joined the

550:

by quoting European philosophers and scientists like

436:, leading to the death of around 50,000 civilians in 4143: 2691:

The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles

2274: 1954:"Hezb-e-Islami party to support Taliban government" 1222: 747: 463:forces into an unsuccessful armed campaign against 4673: 4482:. Central Asia-Caucasuus Institute. Archived from 4039: 3843:"'Butcher of Kabul' Pardoned in Afghan Peace Deal" 3790:"Dealing with brutal Afghan warlords is a mistake" 3685:"Afghan warlord urges revolt against U.S., Karzai" 2502:Afghanistan, the bear trap: defeat of a superpower 2156: 2100: 1307:Son of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's brother, Shahabuddin 4348: 4346: 2498: 2455:"Backgrounder on Afghanistan: History of the War" 2258:The New Great Game: Blood And Oil In Central Asia 1500:Analytical study of Bible in the light of Qur'an. 1030:and Hekmatyar was expelled by his Iranian hosts. 5586: 3914:"UN lifts sanctions against Gulbuddin Hekmatyar" 2421:late President Zia gave him maximum support ...' 1748:The 'Butcher Of Kabul' Is Welcomed Back In Kabul 939:("Council of coordination"). Together they laid 665:ideology within a homogeneous organization that 621:issue. Under the patronage of Pakistani General 424:in 1992, Hekmatyar declined to form part of the 323:1975–present (until 2016 as a Resistance Leader) 5670:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada 4235: 4107: 4057: 3900:"Afghanistan: Ghani, Hekmatyar sign peace deal" 3647: 3544:"Afghan group threatens attacks on US soldiers" 3426:"Iran, Afghanistan Juggle Hot Potato Hekmatyar" 2123:Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism 872:, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was hired in 1990 by the 533:. Afghan businessman and Kharoti tribal leader 4343: 4265: 4205: 4181:Goldman, Adam; Gannon, Kathy (28 March 2010). 4174: 2209:Islam And the West: Reflections from Australia 2106: 613:The arrival of Afghan opposition militants in 59:Afghan politician, mujahid and drug trafficker 5000: 4659: 4212:Goldman, Adam; Gannon, Kathy (6 April 2010). 4211: 4180: 3707: 2142:, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers (2005), p. 75 2077:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 208. 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1377:Represented the HiG at a peace conference in 1186: 946: 917:forces and Hekmatyar's Hezb-i Islami forces. 685:in 1977, Zia continued supporting Hekmatyar. 478:, on 17 August 2021, Hekmatyar met with both 3028:, New York: Vintage Departures, 2001, p. 170 2726: 2603: 2601: 2599: 688: 75: 5635:Mujahideen members of the Soviet–Afghan War 4477: 4149: 3841:Rasmussen, Sune Engel (22 September 2016). 3617: 3104:Khan, Mohammad Zubair (29 September 2016). 2533:, New York: Vintage Departures, 2001, p. 69 2355:Document Information| Amnesty International 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 23: 5007: 4993: 4666: 4652: 3631:. Government of Canada. 21 December 2018. 3589: 3128: 2935: 2321:: Cambridge University Press. p. 76. 2185: 2061:, Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 43-44 1995: 1984:. October 2006. p. 16. Archived from 1509:Historical study of Afghanistan from King 629:, and with the blessing of Prime Minister 546:, where he refutes communists denying the 85: 24: 4498: 3840: 3734: 3356:The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism 2765: 2722: 2720: 2596: 2557:Afghan Communism and Soviet Interventions 2546:, New York : Free Press, 2001, p. 69 2037: 2035: 1338:A medical doctor who spent four years in 1016:U.S. entry into the anti-Taliban alliance 393:before returning to Afghanistan when the 4150:Hildebrandt, Amber (27 September 2011). 3814: 3597:"US designates Hekmatyar as a terrorist" 2941: 2640: 2638: 2479: 2255: 1638: 760:following a truce with the Soviet Army, 506:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was born in 1949 in 448:takeover of Kabul forced him to flee to 32:This is an accepted version of this page 5524:Pictures from Afghanistan (documentary) 5076:Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen 4519: 4478:Pakhtunkhel, Awamdost (12 March 2003). 4299:"Hekmatyar, Jamal Jamaluddin Hikmatyar" 3834: 3716:"Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Reported Captured" 3460:, New York: Free Press, 2001, pp. 70–71 2862: 2568: 2559:, Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 185 2403: 2397: 2372: 2008: 1704: 1138:International Security Assistance Force 14: 5587: 4503:. Jamestown Foundation. Archived from 4162:from the original on 27 September 2011 3817:"Afghan Insurgent Outlines Peace Plan" 3815:Trofimov, Yaroslav (21 January 2010). 3764:"Afghan Rebel Positioned for Key Role" 3713: 3278: 3229:"Blowback from the Afghan Battlefield" 3226: 3220: 3134: 3075: 2717: 2499:Yousaf, Mohammad; Adkin, Mark (1992). 2191: 2032: 1928:"Who Will Run the Taliban Government?" 1737: 1735: 114:26 June 1996 – 11 August 1997 5655:Individuals related to Iran Sanctions 5411:Military equipment used by Mujahideen 5014: 4988: 4647: 4417:"Hekmatyar's never-ending Afghan war" 4386:from the original on 18 February 2013 4360:from the original on 17 February 2013 4331:from the original on 17 February 2013 4305:from the original on 17 February 2013 4279:from the original on 18 February 2013 4253:from the original on 17 November 2011 3518:"Gunmen try to kill Afghan president" 3423: 2904: 2635: 2607: 2151: 1655: 854: 726: 416:, and later moved into manufacturing 5569: 4086:"Govt releases brother of Hekmatyar" 3571:"Old warlord threatens Afghan peace" 3189:"The Peshawar Accord, 25 April 1992" 3116:from the original on 18 October 2016 3103: 2729:Conflict, Security & Development 2221: 2207:Shahram Akbarzadeh, Samina Yasmeen. 2057:Chris Sands, Fazelminallah Qazizai, 1856:from the original on 19 October 2016 1830:from the original on 18 October 2016 1804:from the original on 18 October 2016 1140:and the administration of President 1102:In May 2006, he released a video to 966:on 2 February 1995, and moved on to 953:Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001) 935:, a Hazara Shi'a party, to form the 909:'s and Ahmed Shah Massoud's Jamiat, 673:", and employed the rhetoric of the 608: 514:, in the north of what was then the 179:17 June 1993 – 28 June 1994 5625:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin politicians 4520:Simpson, John (19 September 2005). 4047:"Police arrest Hekmatyar's brother" 3141:. PublicAffairs. pp. 405–408. 3041:, News: Free Press, 2001, pp. 69–70 2823: 2685: 2644: 2343:Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan 2315:Islam and resistance in Afghanistan 2309: 2009:Marzban, Omid (21 September 2006). 1900: 1732: 1569:. 26 September 2012. Archived from 1544: 76: 56: 5364:Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan 5060:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 4446: 4123:. 18 November 2010. Archived from 3742:"Afghan warlord 'aided Bin Laden'" 3714:Roggio, Bill (11 September 2006). 3496:"Attack exposes Karzai's weakness" 3471:"WHO'S WHO IN TODAY'S AFGHANISTAN" 3292:: Yale University Press. pp. 3106:"Butcher of Kabul's horror return" 1126: 1001:Activities in the Islamic Republic 884:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 861:Civil war in Afghanistan (1992–96) 57: 5686: 5630:Afghan Muslim Brotherhood members 4471: 3718:. The Fourth Rail. Archived from 3635:from the original on 28 July 2021 3076:Perlez, Jane (19 November 2001). 2071:Chavis, Melody Ermachild (2003). 1705:Crowley, Michael (9 March 2010). 1447:Buḥrān-i mushkīlāt-i rāhhā-yi ḥal 1217:2019 Afghan presidential election 1068:United States Treasury Department 835:failed coup attempt in March 1990 544:The Priority of Sense Over Matter 397:began in 1979, at which time the 366:political party, so called after 5568: 5559: 5558: 5546: 4922: 4885: 4832: 4767: 4683: 4426: 4415:Mujib Mashal (28 January 2012), 4409: 4398: 4372: 4317: 4291: 4067:. 17 August 2008. Archived from 4065:"Hekmatyar's brother 'detained'" 4021: 3996: 3985: 3959: 3934: 3920: 3906: 3902:. Al Jazeera. 29 September 2016. 3892: 3655:"Aljazeera airs Hikmatyar video" 3424:Karon, Tony (23 February 2002). 2482:"Secret Affairs, By Mark Curtis" 2408:. Ashgate Pub Ltd. p. 105. 1656:Tahir, Muhammad (29 June 2008). 1223:During and after U.S. withdrawal 748:Warfare with other Afghan groups 661:based on a strictly disciplined 304: 290: 5665:20th-century Afghan politicians 4522:"Afghans glimpse a normal life" 3871: 3853: 3808: 3782: 3756: 3677: 3563: 3536: 3510: 3488: 3463: 3450: 3417: 3399: 3374: 3361: 3349: 3336: 3323: 3310: 3272: 3259: 3246: 3207: 3181: 3168: 3155: 3097: 3069: 3044: 3031: 3018: 2996: 2971: 2898: 2885: 2856: 2852:Afghanistan: A Military History 2844: 2817: 2793: 2759: 2679: 2562: 2549: 2536: 2523: 2492: 2473: 2426: 2366: 2348: 2335: 2303: 2249: 2215: 2145: 2132: 2115: 2091: 2064: 2051: 1971: 1946: 1920: 1894: 1868: 1842: 1816: 1784: 1759: 476:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 5620:Afghan expatriates in Pakistan 5605:Prime ministers of Afghanistan 5416:Afghanistan War Memorial, Kyiv 4675:Prime ministers of Afghanistan 3916:. Al-Jazeera. 4 February 2017. 3407:"Profile: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar" 2657:University of California Press 2480:Sengupta, Kim (30 July 2010). 1979:"Wanted – Gulbuddin Hekmatyar" 1741: 1698: 1680: 1585: 1559: 1534: 1304:Director of Islamic University 1219:and finished a distant third. 1064:United States State Department 340:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) 13: 1: 4593:Prime Minister of Afghanistan 4558:Prime Minister of Afghanistan 4499:A. Jamali (27 January 2005). 4433:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's profile 3691:. 31 May 2006. Archived from 3227:Weiner, Tim (13 March 1994). 2373:Marzban, Omid (24 May 2007). 1553: 1496:Bāʼībal da Qurʼān pah raṇā ke 1428:"the jihad against US Forces" 1359:Youths Reforming Organization 761: 738:United States Foreign Service 501: 102:Prime Minister of Afghanistan 4610:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 3981:– via www.reuters.com. 3946:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 3661:. 6 May 2006. Archived from 2260:. Grove Press. p. 239. 1690:. 1 May 1998. Archived from 1242: 1062:. On February 19, 2003, the 994:Iranian Revolutionary Guards 405:, one of the largest of the 7: 5645:People from Kunduz Province 4848:Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani 4551:Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani 4273:"Bahir, Dr. Ghairat Baheer" 3625:"Currently listed entities" 3506:– via news.bbc.co.uk. 1507:, 2008-, multiple volumes. 1175:and allied insurgent chief 877:Inter-Services Intelligence 679:Inter-Services Intelligence 637:("Islamic society") led by 563:Sazman-i Jawanan-i Musulman 200:Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani 10: 5691: 5615:Afghan expatriates in Iran 5344:Battle of Arghandab (1987) 4747:Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi 4736:Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal 2772:Power, Politics, and Crime 2703:10.1177/0032258x9206500310 2165:W. W. Norton & Company 1348:Jamal Jamaluddin Hikmatyar 1187:2016 peace deal and pardon 950: 947:Relations with the Taliban 858: 5675:War crimes in Afghanistan 5540: 5531:Bitter Lake (documentary) 5424: 5393: 5372: 5296: 5230: 5180: 5134: 5127: 5068: 5047: 5040: 5022: 4958: 4920: 4883: 4830: 4765: 4681: 4628: 4614: 4590: 4578: 4564: 4555: 4547: 4542: 4423:. Retrieved 4 April 2019. 4354:"Jareer, Houmayoun Jarir" 3930:. Al Jazeera. 5 May 2017. 2990:Christian Science Monitor 2838:10.1080/02634938408400467 2745:10.1080/14678800600739135 2580:Stanford University Press 2360:October 23, 2007, at the 1022:, Hekmatyar rejected the 983:(JUI) groups such as the 689:Soviet war in Afghanistan 657:was formed as an elitist 349: 345: 327: 319: 285: 280: 276: 264: 254: 228: 223: 219: 206: 193: 183: 172: 147: 134: 124: 107: 100: 96: 84: 73: 66: 5385:Kabul students' uprising 4325:"Hekmatyar, Firoz Feroz" 2863:Hussain, Rizwan (2005). 2404:Hussain, Rizwan (2005). 2379:The Jamestown Foundation 2019:The Jamestown Foundation 1662:The Jamestown Foundation 1527: 1489:, 2006–2011, 8 volumes. 1436: 811:Médecins Sans Frontières 484:president of Afghanistan 39:latest accepted revision 5093:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin 2983:August 7, 2016, at the 2905:Maley, William (2002). 2619:Oxford University Press 2256:Kleveman, Lutz (2003). 2127:Oxford University Press 1792:"Hekmatyar Leaves Iran" 1097:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin 625:, then governor of the 469:international coalition 364:Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin 311:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin 259:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin 5553:Afghanistan portal 5406:War in popular culture 5401:Soviet aircraft losses 5324:Battle of Maravar Pass 4875:Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai 4618:Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai 4090:The News International 3744:. BBC. 11 January 2007 3135:Tomsen, Peter (2011). 3006:. Publishing.cdlib.org 2895:, pub by Chelsea Green 1901:AFP (18 August 2021). 1402:Houmayoun Jarir Jareer 1313:Habiburahman Hekmatyar 1251:Gulbuddin's relatives 898:Sibghatullah Mojaddedi 882:In April 1992, as the 768: 516:Kingdom of Afghanistan 467:'s government and the 249:Kingdom of Afghanistan 157:Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai 120:from 27 September 1996 4858:Arsala Rahmani Daulat 4568:Arsala Rahmani Daulat 4459:Penguin Press, 2004. 3602:Dawn Internet Edition 2767:Chambliss, William J. 1688:"Gulbuddin Hekmatyar" 1567:"Recent OFAC Actions" 1396:Gulbuddin's brother. 1367:Firoz Feroz Hekmatyar 1271:Shahabuddin Hekmatyar 951:Further information: 859:Further information: 752: 385:Hekmatyar joined the 378:. He twice served as 368:Mohammad Yunus Khalis 320:Years of service 213:Arsala Rahmani Daulat 5610:Afghan Sunni Muslims 5496:The Living Daylights 5482:Charlie Wilson's War 5354:Battle for Hill 3234 5198:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam 5152:Konstantin Chernenko 5105:Hezb-e Islami Khalis 4817:Sultan Ali Keshtmand 4812:Mohammad Hasan Sharq 4807:Sultan Ali Keshtmand 4757:Mohammad Musa Shafiq 4709:Mohammad Hashim Khan 4380:"Shahab, Habibullah" 3867:. 23 September 2016. 3629:Public Safety Canada 3344:The Afghanistan Wars 3331:The Afghanistan Wars 3267:The Afghanistan Wars 3254:The Afghanistan Wars 3215:The Afghanistan Wars 3176:The Afghanistan Wars 3163:The Afghanistan Wars 2909:The Afghanistan Wars 2826:Central Asian Survey 2737:Taylor & Francis 2582:. pp. 106–110. 2505:. Casemate. p. 2107:Neamatollah Nojumi. 1800:. 26 February 2002. 1573:on 26 September 2012 1298:Salahuddin Hekmatyar 1133:Jamestown Foundation 1018:and the fall of the 981:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam 971:flee in disorder to 535:Gholam Serwar Nasher 376:Hezb-i Islami Khalis 5349:Operation Magistral 5314:Panjshir offensives 5304:Operation Storm-333 5297:Military operations 5218:Burhanuddin Rabbani 5203:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 5172:Abdul Rashid Dostum 5167:Mohammad Najibullah 4870:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 4864:Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai 4853:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 4822:Fazal Haq Khaliqyar 4792:Nur Muhammad Taraki 4775:Democratic Republic 4726:Mohammad Daoud Khan 4607:Reason for dispute: 4605:from September 1996 4582:Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai 4193:on 23 December 2017 3821:Wall Street Journal 3722:on 14 February 2007 3438:on 24 February 2002 3193:Library of Congress 2555:Henry S. Bradsher, 2289:Library of Congress 2138:Gilles Dorronsoro, 1991:on 19 October 2021. 1932:www.crisisgroup.org 1707:"Our Man in Kabul?" 1511:Mohammed Nadir Shah 1252: 1198:Afghan Constitution 1099:was added in 2006. 911:Abdul Rashid Dostum 907:Burhanuddin Rabbani 721:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 641:, that advocated a 639:Burhanuddin Rabbani 631:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 599:Burhanuddin Rabbani 422:Mohammad Najibullah 356:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 245:Imam Sahib District 188:Burhanuddin Rabbani 141:Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai 129:Burhanuddin Rabbani 68:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 29:Page version status 5503:The Magic Mountain 5213:Abdul Rahim Wardak 5188:Ahmad Shah Massoud 5098:Maktab al-Khidamat 4543:Political offices 4507:on 23 October 2007 4127:on 20 October 2012 4071:on 25 August 2008. 3865:The New York Times 3695:on 16 January 2021 3605:. 20 February 2003 3577:. 10 February 2003 3524:. 6 September 2002 3498:. 5 September 2002 3456:Bergen, Peter L., 3233:The New York Times 3083:The New York Times 3037:Bergen, Peter L., 2945:(23 August 1993). 2915:Palgrave Macmillan 2893:Killing the Cranes 2570:Johnson, Thomas H. 2542:Bergen, Peter L., 2459:Human Rights Watch 2432:Peter Dale Scott, 1934:. 9 September 2021 1753:2019-03-06 at the 1625:Human Rights Watch 1487:Da Qurʼān palwashe 1250: 1194:Human Rights Watch 1177:Sirajuddin Haqqani 902:Ahmad Shah Massoud 855:Post-DRA civil war 848:The New York Times 837:against President 783:Ahmad Shah Massoud 781:and its commander 758:Ahmad Shah Massoud 727:Heroin trafficking 675:Iranian Revolution 627:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 591:Ahmad Shah Massoud 571:Muslim Brotherhood 518:, a member of the 442:Ahmad Shah Massoud 382:during the 1990s. 35: 5650:Quran translators 5582: 5581: 5373:Civilian protests 5334:Battles of Zhawar 5226: 5225: 5157:Mikhail Gorbachev 5123: 5122: 5016:Soviet–Afghan War 4982: 4981: 4642: 4641: 4636:(Islamic Emirate) 4629:Succeeded by 4615:Succeeded by 4565:Succeeded by 4465:978-1-59420-007-6 4092:. 13 January 2009 3973:. 19 January 2019 3885:Los Angeles Times 3796:. 17 January 2010 3770:. 5 November 2008 3303:978-0-300-08902-8 3148:978-1-58648-763-8 2993:, 28 October 1987 2928:978-0-333-80291-5 2891:Edward Girardet, 2850:Tanner, Stephen. 2516:978-0-9711709-2-6 2442:978-0-520-23773-5 2436:(September 2007, 2385:on 21 August 2007 2328:978-0-521-39700-1 2267:978-0-8021-4172-9 2129:(2009), pp. 91-92 2084:978-0-312-30689-2 1826:. 23 March 2010. 1523: 1514: 1501: 1492: 1483: 1474: 1471:Mohsen Makhmalbaf 1461: 1452: 1434: 1433: 1417:Habibullah Shahab 1169:Afghan insurgency 1131:In May 2008, the 937:Shura-i Hamahangi 703:Margaret Thatcher 695:Soviet–Afghan War 623:Naseerullah Babar 609:Exile in Pakistan 488:Abdullah Abdullah 432:, engaged in the 407:Afghan mujahideen 395:Soviet–Afghan War 374:in 1979 to found 353: 352: 332:Soviet–Afghan War 165:(Islamic Emirate) 91:Hekmatyar in 2019 47:16 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 5682: 5660:CIA and Islamism 5572: 5571: 5562: 5561: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5447:Afghan Breakdown 5329:Badaber uprising 5193:Abdul Ali Mazari 5132: 5131: 5115:Ittehad i-Islami 5045: 5044: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4986: 4985: 4936: 4935: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4906:Mohammad Rabbani 4899: 4898: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4785: 4784: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4721:Shah Mahmud Khan 4689: 4687: 4686: 4668: 4661: 4654: 4645: 4644: 4637: 4632:Mohammad Rabbani 4623: 4612: 4602:Mohammad Rabbani 4587: 4579:Preceded by 4573: 4548:Preceded by 4540: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4441: 4430: 4424: 4413: 4407: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4350: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4226: 4224: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4189:. Archived from 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4134: 4132: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4097: 4082: 4073: 4072: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4033:Voice of America 4025: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4000: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3467: 3461: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3434:. Archived from 3421: 3415: 3414: 3413:. 23 March 2010. 3403: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3378: 3372: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3276: 3270: 3263: 3257: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3224: 3218: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3185: 3179: 3172: 3166: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3029: 3024:Kaplan, Robert, 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3000: 2994: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2955:. Archived from 2939: 2933: 2932: 2912: 2902: 2896: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2805: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2724: 2715: 2714: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2642: 2633: 2632: 2605: 2594: 2593: 2578:. Stanford, CA: 2566: 2560: 2553: 2547: 2540: 2534: 2529:Kaplan, Robert, 2527: 2521: 2520: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2451: 2445: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2381:. Archived from 2370: 2364: 2352: 2346: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2281: 2272: 2271: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2162: 2149: 2143: 2136: 2130: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2068: 2062: 2055: 2049: 2039: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2006: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1983: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1882:. 16 August 2021 1872: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1763: 1757: 1745: 1739: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1711:The New Republic 1702: 1696: 1695: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1664:. Archived from 1653: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1617: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1563: 1547: 1546: 1538: 1521: 1508: 1499: 1490: 1481: 1468: 1459: 1450: 1253: 1249: 922:Afghan civil war 766: 763: 587:black propaganda 548:existence of God 540:Kabul University 471:in Afghanistan. 434:Afghan civil war 428:and, with other 336:Afghan Civil War 315: 309: 308: 307: 301: 295: 294: 293: 271:Kabul University 242: 238: 236: 224:Personal details 209: 196: 177: 163:Mohammad Rabbani 150: 137: 118:Mohammad Rabbani 112: 89: 80: 79: 78: 64: 63: 21: 5690: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5547: 5545: 5536: 5489:The Kite Runner 5440:The 9th Company 5425:Films about war 5420: 5389: 5380:3 Hoot uprising 5368: 5359:Operation Arrow 5292: 5222: 5176: 5142:Leonid Brezhnev 5119: 5081:Jamiat-e Islami 5064: 5036: 5028:Afghan conflict 5018: 5013: 4983: 4978: 4954: 4933: 4932: 4930:Islamic Emirate 4923: 4921: 4916: 4896: 4895: 4893:Islamic Emirate 4886: 4884: 4879: 4833: 4831: 4826: 4797:Hafizullah Amin 4778: 4777: 4768: 4766: 4761: 4684: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4624: 4622:(Islamic State) 4621: 4620: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4561: 4553: 4530: 4528: 4510: 4508: 4489: 4487: 4486:on 13 June 2010 4474: 4449: 4447:Further reading 4444: 4431: 4427: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4249:. 30 May 2008. 4241: 4240: 4236: 4222: 4220: 4210: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4148: 4144: 4130: 4128: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4095: 4093: 4084: 4083: 4076: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4053:on 24 May 2024. 4045: 4044: 4040: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4012: 4010: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3876: 3872: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3813: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3768:Washington Post 3762: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3554: 3552: 3549:The Irish Times 3542: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3422: 3418: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3390: 3388: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3366: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3341: 3337: 3328: 3324: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3277: 3273: 3264: 3260: 3251: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3225: 3221: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3169: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3133: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3056:www.voanews.com 3050: 3049: 3045: 3036: 3032: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2985:Wayback Machine 2976: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2959:on 5 April 2005 2952:National Review 2943:Sikorski, Radek 2940: 2936: 2929: 2903: 2899: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2871:. p. 167. 2861: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2787: 2779:. p. 108. 2764: 2760: 2725: 2718: 2684: 2680: 2665:10.2307/2645627 2643: 2636: 2629: 2606: 2597: 2590: 2567: 2563: 2554: 2550: 2541: 2537: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2497: 2493: 2486:The Independent 2478: 2474: 2464: 2462: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2431: 2427: 2416: 2402: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2371: 2367: 2362:Wayback Machine 2353: 2349: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2308: 2304: 2294: 2292: 2283: 2282: 2275: 2268: 2254: 2250: 2243: 2235:. p. 114. 2220: 2216: 2205: 2201: 2190: 2186: 2179: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2133: 2120: 2116: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2085: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2052: 2042:Borovik, Artyom 2040: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2007: 1996: 1988: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1911: 1909: 1899: 1895: 1885: 1883: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1859: 1857: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1755:Wayback Machine 1746: 1742: 1733: 1723: 1721: 1703: 1699: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1654: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1619: 1618: 1611: 1601: 1599: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1576: 1574: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1520:, 2009, 167 p. 1498:, 2006, 871 p. 1480:, 2004, 254 p. 1478:Tawhīd aw shirk 1467:, 2003, 196 p. 1458:, 2001, 104 p. 1449:, 2000, 194 p. 1439: 1387:Ahktar Muhammed 1285:Abdullah Shabab 1245: 1225: 1189: 1129: 1127:2008 resurgence 1113:Karl Eikenberry 1108:Osama bin Laden 1009:attacks in the 1003: 955: 949: 892:faction of the 863: 857: 833:who launched a 831:Shahnawaz Tanai 799:Takhar province 787:Panjshir valley 779:Jamiat-e Islami 769: 764: 755: 750: 729: 691: 635:Jamiat-e islami 611: 531:Ghazni province 512:Kunduz province 504: 492:chief executive 338: 334: 313: 305: 303: 302: 299: 291: 289: 281:Military career 255:Political party 243: 240: 234: 232: 207: 194: 178: 173: 168: 159:(Islamic State) 148: 135: 115: 113: 108: 92: 74: 69: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5688: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5640:Pashtun people 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5566: 5556: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5527: 5520: 5513: 5510:Peshavar Waltz 5506: 5499: 5492: 5485: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5461:All Costs Paid 5457: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5395: 5394:Related topics 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5339:Battle of Jaji 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5319:Siege of Urgun 5316: 5311: 5309:Siege of Khost 5306: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5231:Events by year 5228: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5138: 5136: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5051: 5049: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5012: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4989: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4975:prime minister 4963: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4946: 4939: 4937: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4861: 4855: 4850: 4844: 4842: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4788: 4786: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4741:Abdullah Yaqta 4738: 4733: 4731:Mohammad Yusuf 4728: 4723: 4718: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4695: 4693: 4679: 4678: 4671: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4648: 4640: 4639: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4616: 4613: 4589: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4566: 4563: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4517: 4496: 4473: 4472:External links 4470: 4469: 4468: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4425: 4408: 4397: 4371: 4342: 4316: 4290: 4264: 4234: 4204: 4173: 4142: 4106: 4074: 4056: 4038: 4020: 3995: 3984: 3958: 3933: 3919: 3905: 3891: 3870: 3852: 3833: 3807: 3781: 3755: 3733: 3706: 3676: 3665:on 17 May 2006 3646: 3616: 3588: 3562: 3535: 3509: 3487: 3462: 3449: 3416: 3398: 3386:news.bbc.co.uk 3373: 3360: 3348: 3335: 3322: 3309: 3302: 3271: 3258: 3245: 3219: 3206: 3180: 3167: 3154: 3147: 3127: 3096: 3068: 3043: 3030: 3017: 2995: 2970: 2934: 2927: 2897: 2884: 2878:978-0754644347 2877: 2855: 2843: 2816: 2792: 2785: 2758: 2716: 2697:(3): 251–256. 2678: 2634: 2627: 2621:. p. 55. 2595: 2588: 2561: 2548: 2535: 2522: 2515: 2491: 2472: 2461:. October 2001 2446: 2425: 2415:978-0754644347 2414: 2396: 2365: 2347: 2334: 2327: 2302: 2273: 2266: 2248: 2241: 2214: 2199: 2184: 2177: 2153:Jones, Seth G. 2144: 2131: 2121:John Calvert, 2114: 2099: 2090: 2083: 2063: 2050: 2046:The Hidden War 2031: 1994: 1970: 1945: 1919: 1893: 1867: 1841: 1815: 1783: 1758: 1740: 1731: 1697: 1694:on 1 May 1998. 1679: 1668:on 2 June 2008 1637: 1609: 1584: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1545:ګلبدین حکمتیار 1532: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1515: 1502: 1493: 1484: 1475: 1462: 1453: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329:Ghairat Baheer 1325: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1244: 1241: 1224: 1221: 1202:United Nations 1188: 1185: 1128: 1125: 1073:United Nations 1002: 999: 985:Sipah-e-Sahaba 948: 945: 941:Siege on Kabul 926:New York Times 856: 853: 816:Thierry Niquet 791:Shura-ye-Nazar 751: 749: 746: 728: 725: 690: 687: 669:described as " 610: 607: 556:Francesco Redi 503: 500: 426:new government 380:prime minister 351: 350: 347: 346: 343: 342: 329: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 287: 283: 282: 278: 277: 274: 273: 268: 262: 261: 256: 252: 251: 230: 226: 225: 221: 220: 217: 216: 210: 204: 203: 197: 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 170: 169: 167: 166: 160: 153: 151: 145: 144: 138: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 105: 104: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 82: 81: 77:ګلبدین حکمتیار 71: 70: 67: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5687: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5600:Living people 5598: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5575: 5567: 5565: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5491: 5490: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5479: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5470: 5469: 5465: 5463: 5462: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5433:List of films 5430: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5229: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5162:Babrak Karmal 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5147:Yuri Andropov 5145: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5110:Hezb-e Wahdat 5108: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5086:Shura-e Nazar 5084: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5010: 5005: 5003: 4998: 4996: 4991: 4990: 4987: 4974: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4931: 4919: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4894: 4882: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4840:Islamic State 4829: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4802:Babrak Karmal 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4782: 4776: 4764: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4716: 4715:Amanat Lewana 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4664: 4662: 4657: 4655: 4650: 4649: 4646: 4633: 4627: 4619: 4611: 4603: 4595: 4594: 4583: 4577: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4546: 4541: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4475: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4440: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4401: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4359: 4355: 4349: 4347: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4146: 4139: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4116: 4110: 4103: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4079: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4035:. 8 May 2024. 4034: 4030: 4024: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3988: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3947: 3943: 3937: 3929: 3923: 3915: 3909: 3901: 3895: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3743: 3737: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3539: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3497: 3491: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3459: 3453: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3370: 3364: 3357: 3352: 3346:, pp. 215–216 3345: 3339: 3332: 3326: 3319: 3313: 3305: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3280:Rashid, Ahmed 3275: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3249: 3234: 3230: 3223: 3217:, pp. 202–205 3216: 3210: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3177: 3171: 3164: 3158: 3150: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3131: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3100: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3072: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3040: 3034: 3027: 3021: 3005: 3004:"Afghanistan" 2999: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2930: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2910: 2901: 2894: 2888: 2880: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2802: 2796: 2788: 2786:9780367096267 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2723: 2721: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2641: 2639: 2630: 2628:9780195143201 2624: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2609:McCoy, Alfred 2604: 2602: 2600: 2591: 2589:9780804755665 2585: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2565: 2558: 2552: 2545: 2539: 2532: 2526: 2518: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2429: 2422: 2417: 2411: 2407: 2400: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2369: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2351: 2344: 2338: 2330: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2278: 2269: 2263: 2259: 2252: 2244: 2242:9781594200076 2238: 2234: 2233:Penguin Group 2230: 2229: 2224: 2218: 2210: 2203: 2195: 2188: 2180: 2178:9780393071429 2174: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2141: 2135: 2128: 2124: 2118: 2110: 2103: 2094: 2086: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2067: 2060: 2054: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1987: 1980: 1974: 1959: 1958:www.aa.com.tr 1955: 1949: 1933: 1929: 1923: 1908: 1904: 1897: 1881: 1877: 1871: 1855: 1851: 1845: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1787: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1744: 1738: 1736: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1701: 1693: 1689: 1683: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1626: 1622: 1616: 1614: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1558: 1542: 1537: 1533: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1503: 1497: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1248: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1220: 1218: 1213: 1210: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1011:United States 1008: 998: 995: 990: 986: 982: 976: 974: 969: 965: 961: 954: 944: 942: 938: 934: 933: 932:Hizb-e-Wahdat 927: 923: 918: 916: 912: 908: 903: 899: 895: 891: 890: 885: 880: 878: 875: 871: 866: 862: 852: 850: 849: 842: 840: 836: 832: 827: 825: 821: 817: 812: 807: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 775: 767: 759: 745: 743: 742:Charles Cogan 739: 734: 724: 722: 717: 713: 708: 704: 701:and even met 700: 696: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 655:Hezb-e-Islami 651: 649: 648:Hezb-i Islami 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 606: 604: 603:Hezb-i Islami 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 536: 532: 528: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 472: 470: 466: 462: 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 348: 344: 341: 337: 333: 330: 326: 322: 318: 312: 298: 288: 284: 279: 275: 272: 269: 267: 263: 260: 257: 253: 250: 246: 241:(age 75) 239:1 August 1949 231: 227: 222: 218: 214: 211: 205: 201: 198: 192: 189: 186: 182: 176: 171: 164: 161: 158: 155: 154: 152: 146: 142: 139: 133: 130: 127: 123: 119: 111: 106: 103: 99: 95: 88: 83: 72: 65: 62: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 5544: 5529: 5522: 5515: 5508: 5501: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5202: 5055:Soviet Union 5041:Belligerents 5026:Part of the 4968:indicates a 4965: 4943:Hasan Akhund 4934:(since 2021) 4869: 4852: 4713: 4600:Disputed by 4591: 4556: 4529:. Retrieved 4525: 4509:. Retrieved 4505:the original 4488:. Retrieved 4484:the original 4456: 4436: 4428: 4420: 4411: 4400: 4388:. Retrieved 4374: 4362:. Retrieved 4333:. Retrieved 4319: 4307:. Retrieved 4293: 4281:. Retrieved 4267: 4257:27 September 4255:. Retrieved 4237: 4228: 4223:27 September 4221:. Retrieved 4207: 4197:27 September 4195:. Retrieved 4191:the original 4176: 4166:27 September 4164:. Retrieved 4145: 4136: 4129:. Retrieved 4125:the original 4118: 4109: 4101: 4094:. Retrieved 4069:the original 4059: 4051:the original 4041: 4032: 4023: 4011:. Retrieved 4007: 3998: 3987: 3975:. Retrieved 3970: 3961: 3949:. Retrieved 3945: 3936: 3922: 3908: 3894: 3883: 3873: 3864: 3855: 3847:The Guardian 3846: 3836: 3824:. Retrieved 3820: 3810: 3798:. Retrieved 3794:Boston Globe 3793: 3784: 3772:. Retrieved 3767: 3758: 3746:. Retrieved 3736: 3724:. Retrieved 3720:the original 3709: 3697:. Retrieved 3693:the original 3688: 3679: 3667:. Retrieved 3663:the original 3649: 3637:. Retrieved 3628: 3619: 3607:. Retrieved 3600: 3591: 3579:. Retrieved 3575:the Guardian 3574: 3565: 3553:. Retrieved 3547: 3538: 3526:. Retrieved 3522:the Guardian 3521: 3512: 3500:. Retrieved 3490: 3478:. Retrieved 3475:users.jyu.fi 3474: 3465: 3457: 3452: 3440:. Retrieved 3436:the original 3429: 3419: 3410: 3401: 3389:. Retrieved 3385: 3376: 3368: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3343: 3338: 3330: 3325: 3317: 3312: 3284: 3274: 3266: 3261: 3253: 3248: 3236:. Retrieved 3232: 3222: 3214: 3209: 3197:. Retrieved 3183: 3175: 3170: 3162: 3157: 3137: 3130: 3118:. Retrieved 3109: 3099: 3087:. Retrieved 3081: 3071: 3059:. Retrieved 3055: 3046: 3038: 3033: 3025: 3020: 3008:. Retrieved 2998: 2988: 2973: 2961:. Retrieved 2957:the original 2950: 2937: 2908: 2900: 2892: 2887: 2864: 2858: 2851: 2846: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2807:. Retrieved 2795: 2771: 2761: 2732: 2728: 2694: 2690: 2681: 2652: 2648:Asian Survey 2646: 2613: 2574: 2564: 2556: 2551: 2543: 2538: 2530: 2525: 2501: 2494: 2485: 2475: 2463:. Retrieved 2449: 2433: 2428: 2419: 2405: 2399: 2387:. Retrieved 2383:the original 2368: 2350: 2342: 2337: 2314: 2311:Roy, Olivier 2305: 2293:. Retrieved 2257: 2251: 2226: 2217: 2208: 2202: 2193: 2192:Roy Gutman. 2187: 2158: 2147: 2139: 2134: 2122: 2117: 2108: 2102: 2093: 2073: 2066: 2058: 2053: 2045: 2022:. Retrieved 2014: 1986:the original 1973: 1961:. Retrieved 1957: 1948: 1936:. Retrieved 1931: 1922: 1910:. Retrieved 1906: 1896: 1884:. Retrieved 1879: 1870: 1858:. Retrieved 1844: 1832:. Retrieved 1818: 1806:. Retrieved 1797:Tehran Times 1795: 1786: 1774:. Retrieved 1771:nationalpost 1770: 1761: 1743: 1722:. Retrieved 1710: 1700: 1692:the original 1682: 1670:. Retrieved 1666:the original 1628:. Retrieved 1600:. Retrieved 1596: 1587: 1575:. Retrieved 1571:the original 1561: 1536: 1517: 1504: 1495: 1486: 1477: 1464: 1455: 1446: 1440: 1427: 1379:the Maldives 1357:Founded the 1246: 1238: 1226: 1214: 1209:Ashraf Ghani 1206: 1190: 1181: 1166: 1153:Hamid Karzai 1150: 1142:Hamid Karzai 1130: 1101: 1057: 1036:Hamid Karzai 1032: 1004: 977: 968:Maidan Shahr 956: 936: 930: 925: 919: 900:, appointed 887: 881: 870:Peter Tomsen 867: 864: 846: 843: 828: 824:Jim Lindelof 803: 790: 772: 770: 753: 730: 716:Peter Bergen 692: 653:Hekmatyar's 652: 647: 634: 619:Pashtunistan 612: 560: 543: 505: 480:Hamid Karzai 473: 465:Hamid Karzai 461:paramilitary 458: 411: 387:Muslim Youth 384: 372:Hezbi Islami 355: 354: 328:Battles/wars 297:Hezbi Islami 208:Succeeded by 174: 149:Succeeded by 116:Disputed by 109: 61: 46: 37:This is the 31: 5595:1949 births 4949:Abdul Kabir 4911:Abdul Kabir 4897:(1996–2001) 4752:Abdul Zahir 4453:Coll, Steve 4390:12 December 4364:12 December 4335:12 December 4309:12 December 4283:12 December 4131:11 December 3110:News.com.au 2867:. Farnham: 2739:: 127–149. 2687:Sen, Sankar 2659:: 945–963. 2223:Coll, Steve 2167:. pp. 1340:CIA custody 1232:(2001) and 1173:Mullah Omar 1060:Spin Boldak 820:Lee Shapiro 765: 1983 707:anti-Soviet 693:During the 667:Olivier Roy 659:avant-garde 575:Sayyid Qutb 452:'s capital 370:split from 314:(1977–2016) 300:(1975–1977) 195:Preceded by 136:Preceded by 5589:Categories 5574:Multimedia 5181:Mujahideen 5069:Mujahideen 4704:Shir Giyan 4699:Shir Ahmad 4562:1993–1994 4421:Al Jazeera 4013:18 October 3659:Al Jazeera 3120:16 October 2917:. p. 2832:(2): 117. 2617:. Oxford: 1963:18 October 1938:18 October 1860:16 October 1834:16 October 1808:16 October 1597:www.un.org 1554:References 1406:son in-law 1333:son-in-law 1104:Al Jazeera 1005:After the 839:Najibullah 712:Zia-ul-Haq 683:Zia-ul-Haq 643:gradualist 579:threw acid 508:Imam Saheb 502:Early life 360:mujahideen 286:Allegiance 266:Alma mater 235:1949-08-01 5517:Rambo III 5475:Cargo 200 5468:The Beast 5454:Afghantsi 5208:Abdul Haq 4970:localized 4597:1996–1997 3977:24 August 3951:24 August 3699:24 August 3639:13 August 3581:24 August 3555:24 August 3528:24 August 3502:24 August 3480:24 August 3391:24 August 3290:New Haven 3089:24 August 3061:24 August 3010:24 August 2809:24 August 2777:Routledge 2753:153941368 2711:149222594 2488:. London. 2444:), p. 129 2319:Cambridge 2015:Jamestown 1912:18 August 1907:Brecorder 1886:18 August 1776:24 August 1724:24 August 1719:0028-6583 1602:24 August 1577:24 August 1381:in 2010. 1320:spokesman 1243:Relatives 1228:talks of 1117:Tora Bora 1077:Jalalabad 874:Pakistani 806:cameraman 595:Pakistani 522:tribe of 482:, former 184:President 175:In office 125:President 110:In office 18:Hekmatyar 5564:Category 5135:Alliance 5048:Alliance 5032:Cold War 5030:and the 4962:* Acting 4781:Chairman 4586:(acting) 4572:(acting) 4526:BBC News 4438:WorldCat 4384:Archived 4358:Archived 4329:Archived 4303:Archived 4277:Archived 4251:Archived 4160:Archived 4156:CBC News 3748:17 March 3726:17 March 3689:NBC News 3669:17 March 3633:Archived 3609:18 March 3411:BBC News 3367:Rashid, 3333:, p. 204 3316:Rashid, 3282:(2000). 3256:, p. 202 3178:, p. 193 3165:, p. 189 3114:Archived 2981:Archived 2769:(2001). 2465:17 March 2358:Archived 2313:(1992). 2225:(2004). 2155:(2010). 1854:Archived 1828:Archived 1802:Archived 1751:Archived 1630:17 March 1374:diplomat 1259:Relation 1162:al-Qaeda 1146:Dadullah 1066:and the 1044:Kandahar 1040:al-Qaeda 671:Leninist 663:Islamist 615:Peshawar 527:Pashtuns 430:warlords 391:Pakistan 215:(acting) 143:(acting) 43:reviewed 5128:Leaders 4966:Italics 4691:Kingdom 4531:11 July 4511:11 July 4490:11 July 4230:Baheer. 3971:Reuters 3826:20 June 3800:20 June 3774:20 June 3442:20 June 3371:, p. 92 3369:Taliban 3342:Maley, 3329:Maley, 3320:, p. 34 3318:Taliban 3269:, p.203 3265:Maley, 3252:Maley, 3213:Maley, 3174:Maley, 3161:Maley, 2869:Ashgate 2673:2645627 2345:, p. 78 2295:11 July 1880:Reuters 1391:brother 1275:brother 1158:Taliban 1020:Taliban 960:Taliban 915:Jumbish 795:Farkhar 573:member 567:Daoud's 520:Kharoti 446:Taliban 4927: 4890: 4837: 4772: 4688: 4463: 4138:them.' 4096:22 May 3300: 3238:3 July 3199:3 July 3195:. 1997 3145: 2963:4 July 2925: 2875: 2783: 2751: 2709: 2671: 2655:(10). 2625: 2586: 2513: 2440: 2412: 2389:4 July 2325: 2291:. 1997 2264: 2239: 2175: 2081: 2024:4 July 1717: 1672:2 July 1541:Pashto 1421:nephew 1301:nephew 1288:nephew 1265:Notes 1121:GEO TV 1093:Canada 1089:Surobi 1046:and a 973:Surobi 964:Wardak 774:takfir 733:heroin 524:Ghilji 486:, and 454:Tehran 418:heroin 202:(1992) 4973:rebel 4008:MEMRI 3294:26–27 2804:(PDF) 2749:S2CID 2735:(2). 2707:S2CID 2669:JSTOR 2341:Roy, 2171:–33. 1989:(PDF) 1982:(PDF) 1528:Notes 1437:Books 1085:Logar 1081:Kunar 1052:jihad 889:khalq 552:Hegel 494:, in 438:Kabul 414:opium 5288:1989 5283:1988 5278:1987 5273:1986 5268:1985 5263:1984 5258:1983 5253:1982 5248:1981 5243:1980 5238:1979 4533:2008 4513:2008 4492:2008 4461:ISBN 4392:2011 4366:2011 4337:2011 4311:2011 4285:2011 4259:2011 4247:RAWA 4225:2011 4199:2011 4168:2011 4133:2011 4120:Sify 4098:2010 4015:2022 3979:2021 3953:2021 3828:2014 3802:2014 3776:2014 3750:2007 3728:2007 3701:2021 3671:2007 3641:2021 3611:2007 3583:2021 3557:2021 3530:2021 3504:2021 3482:2021 3444:2014 3431:Time 3393:2021 3298:ISBN 3240:2008 3201:2008 3143:ISBN 3122:2016 3091:2021 3063:2021 3012:2021 2965:2008 2923:ISBN 2873:ISBN 2811:2021 2781:ISBN 2623:ISBN 2584:ISBN 2511:ISBN 2467:2007 2438:ISBN 2410:ISBN 2391:2008 2323:ISBN 2297:2008 2262:ISBN 2237:ISBN 2173:ISBN 2079:ISBN 2026:2008 1965:2022 1940:2022 1914:2021 1888:2021 1862:2016 1836:2016 1810:2016 1778:2021 1726:2021 1715:ISSN 1674:2008 1632:2007 1604:2021 1579:2021 1262:Role 1256:Name 1234:Doha 1230:Bonn 1087:and 1048:bomb 1028:Iran 1024:U.N. 1007:9/11 989:Iran 894:PDPA 822:and 496:Doha 450:Iran 229:Born 4435:on 4218:MSN 4187:MSN 2919:176 2834:doi 2741:doi 2699:doi 2661:doi 2507:104 1371:son 1352:son 1317:son 1160:or 913:'s 797:in 793:at 699:MI6 585:'s 583:KGB 554:or 403:ISI 399:CIA 45:on 5591:: 4524:. 4455:. 4419:, 4345:^ 4245:. 4227:. 4216:. 4185:. 4158:. 4154:. 4135:. 4117:. 4100:. 4088:. 4077:^ 4031:. 4006:. 3969:. 3944:. 3882:. 3863:. 3845:. 3819:. 3792:. 3766:. 3687:. 3657:. 3627:. 3599:. 3573:. 3546:. 3520:. 3473:. 3428:. 3409:. 3384:. 3296:. 3288:. 3231:. 3191:. 3112:. 3108:. 3080:. 3054:. 2987:, 2949:. 2921:. 2913:. 2828:. 2775:. 2747:. 2731:. 2719:^ 2705:. 2695:65 2693:. 2667:. 2653:36 2651:. 2637:^ 2598:^ 2509:. 2484:. 2457:. 2418:. 2377:. 2317:. 2287:. 2276:^ 2231:. 2169:32 2163:. 2125:, 2044:, 2034:^ 2017:. 2013:. 1997:^ 1956:. 1930:. 1905:. 1878:. 1852:. 1794:. 1769:. 1734:^ 1713:. 1709:. 1660:. 1640:^ 1623:. 1612:^ 1595:. 1543:: 1430:. 1361:. 1342:. 1083:, 1079:, 975:. 762:c. 756:– 510:, 456:. 247:, 237:) 41:, 5008:e 5001:t 4994:v 4951:* 4945:* 4913:* 4866:* 4860:* 4783:) 4779:( 4743:* 4667:e 4660:t 4653:v 4535:. 4515:. 4494:. 4467:. 4394:. 4368:. 4339:. 4313:. 4287:. 4261:. 4201:. 4170:. 4017:. 3955:. 3888:. 3849:. 3830:. 3804:. 3778:. 3752:. 3730:. 3703:. 3673:. 3643:. 3613:. 3585:. 3559:. 3532:. 3484:. 3446:. 3395:. 3306:. 3242:. 3203:. 3151:. 3124:. 3093:. 3065:. 3014:. 2967:. 2931:. 2881:. 2840:. 2836:: 2830:3 2813:. 2789:. 2755:. 2743:: 2733:6 2713:. 2701:: 2675:. 2663:: 2631:. 2592:. 2519:. 2469:. 2393:. 2331:. 2299:. 2270:. 2245:. 2181:. 2087:. 2028:. 1967:. 1942:. 1916:. 1890:. 1864:. 1838:. 1812:. 1780:. 1728:. 1676:. 1634:. 1606:. 1581:. 233:( 49:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar

Index