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the uses of oral history of peoples, and collected many. He established friendships with
African rulers and scholars during his five years of travel (1850â1855). After the deaths of two European companions, he completed his travels with the aid of Africans. Afterwards, he wrote and published a five-volume account of his travels in both English and German. It has been invaluable for scholars of his time and since.
543:(September 1853) in the west â upward of 12,000 miles (19,000 km). He studied minutely the topography, history, civilizations, languages, and resources of the countries he visited. His success as an explorer and historian of Africa was based both on his patient character and his scholarly education.
182:
Barth is thought to be one of the greatest of the
European explorers of Africa, as his scholarly preparation, ability to speak and write Arabic, learning African languages, and character meant that he carefully documented the details of the cultures he visited. He was among the first to comprehend
546:
Barth was interested in the history and culture of the
African peoples, rather than the possibilities of commercial exploitation. Due to his level of documentation, his journal has become an invaluable source for the study of 19th-century Sudanic Africa. Although Barth was not the first European
547:
visitor who paid attention to the local oral traditions, he was the first who seriously considered its methodology and use for historical research. Barth was the first true
European scholar to travel and study in West Africa. Earlier explorers such as
255:
Barth formed a plan to undertake a grand tour of north Africa and the Middle East which his father agreed to fund. He left his parents' home at the end of
January 1845 and first visited London where he spent two months learning
649:
vocabularies (Gotha, 1862â1866). In 1858 he undertook another journey in Asia Minor, and in 1862 visited the
Turkish provinces in Europe. He wrote an account of these travels that was published in Berlin in 1864.
1738:
An account of the progress of the expedition to
Central Africa in the years 1850, 1851, 1852, and 1853, under Richardson, Barth, Overweg and Vogel, consisting of maps and illustrations with descriptive
625:. It is still used by historians of Africa, and remains an important scientific work on African cultures of the age. It also provided the first evidence by a European that the Sahara had once been a
207:, in Hamburg. He was very studious but not popular with his classmates. He excelled at languages and taught himself some Arabic. Barth left school aged 18 in 1839 and immediately enrolled at the
523:
The deaths of
Richardson (March 1851) and Overweg (September 1852), who died of unknown diseases, left Barth to carry on the scientific mission alone. Barth was the first European to visit
243:, returning to Germany in the middle of May 1841. In the vacation of the following year, he visited the Rhineland and Switzerland. He defended his doctoral thesis on the trade relations of
324:, everywhere examining the remains of antiquity. He returned to his parents' home in Hamburg on 27 December 1847 after a trip of almost three years. For a time he was engaged there as
1904:
1899:
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and they expected their children to conform to their strict ideas on morality and self-discipline. From the age of eleven Barth attended the prestigious high school, the
1298:
depicting ancient hunters in the Sahara, that it " ⊠bears testimony to a state of life very different from that which we are accustomed to see now in these regions, ⊠"
799:
Travels and
Discoveries in North and Central Africa: being a Journal of an Expedition undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849â1855 ...
527:
in 1851. When he returned to
Tripoli in September 1855, his journey had extended over 24° of latitude and 20° of longitude, from Tripoli in the north to Adamawa and
1764:
Narrative of a mission to Central Africa : performed in the years 1850-51 : under the orders and at the expense of Her Majesty's government (2 volumes)
272:, who would later play an important role in his trip to central Africa. He left London and travelled across France and Spain. On 7 August he caught a ferry from
617:(Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa; 1857â1858, 5 volumes., approx. 3,500 pages). The volumes included coloured plates of pictures produced by
1833:
for Archaeology and Environmental History of Africa (Heinrich-Barth-Institut e.V. fĂŒr ArchĂ€ologie und Umweltgeschichte Afrikas), University of Cologne
1502:
926:
Reise durch das Innere der EuropĂ€ischen TĂŒrkei von Rustchuk ĂŒber Philippopel, Rilo (Monastir), Bitolia und den Thessalischen Olym nach Saloniki
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in October 1850 where he stayed for several days. Today a memorial tablet honours him as the first European to have ever entered the city.
1315:
1507:
1252:
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Heinrich Barth, der Bahnbrecher des deutschen Afrikaforschung; ein Lebens- und Charakterbild auf Grund ungedruckter Quellen entworfen
500:. Richardson had been selected by the British government to open up commercial relations with the states of the central and western
493:
199:
Zadow. Johann had come from a relatively poor background but had built up a successful trading business. Both parents were orthodox
613:
After his return to London Barth wrote and published accounts of his travels simultaneously in English and German, under the title
1774:
Heinrich Barth. Ein Forscher in Afrika. Leben - Werk - Leistung. Eine Sammlung von BeitrÀgen zum 100. Todestag am 25 November 1965
904:
Sammlung und bearbeitung central-afrikanischer vokabularien; Collection of vocabularies of Central-African languages (3 Volumes)
1307:
de Menocal, Peter B. ; Tierney, Jessica E. (2012) "Green Sahara: African humid periods paced by Earth's orbital changes",
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1642:
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1453:
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269:
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Kirk-Greene gives the date of Barth's death as 26 November 1865. All other sources give the date as 25 November 1865.
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1909:
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and linguistics. They did not fully understand his achievements, which have been ratified by scholars over time.
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on 16 February 1821. He was the third child of Johann Christoph Heinrich Barth and his wife Charlotte Karoline
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led to his staying in his house; he also received protection from al-Kunti against an attempt to seize him.
756:
Wanderungen durch die KĂŒstenlĂ€nder des Mittelmeeres: ausgefĂŒhrt in den Jahren 1845, 1846 und 1847, Volume 1
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385:
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based on Barth's original sketches. The work was considered one of the finest of its kind, being cited by
1846:
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1262:
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Barth's Travels in Nigeria: Extracts from the Journal of Heinrich Barth's Travels in Nigeria, 1850-1855
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709:
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1839:, Gallica. Contains vocabulary and fragments of his journal between 18 November 1853 and 31 July 1854.
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Dr. H. Barth's reise von Trapezunt durch die nördliche hÀlfte Klein-Asiens nach Scutari im herbst 1858
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In the following year he was granted a professorship of geography (without chair or regular pay) at
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1597:"Heinrich Barth: Vortrag gehalten in der Sitzung der geographischen Geselaschaft am 19 Januar 1866"
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599:
175:
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1291:
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916:
912:
908:
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Walks through the coastal states of the Mediterranean: executed in the years 1845, 1846 and 1847
637:
1716:
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1366:
680:
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and securing the protection of the British consuls for his trip. While in London, he met the
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859:
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1879:
1874:
871:"A general historical description of the state of human society in Northern Central Africa"
832:
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Reisen und Entdeckungen in Nord- und Central-afrika in den Jahren 1849 bis 1855 (5 volumes)
658:
208:
86:
60:
8:
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812:
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223:. After his first year, he interrupted his studies and went on a tour of Italy visiting
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ambassador to Westminster, encouraged the appointment of scholars, including Barth and
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Barth is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of African venomous snake,
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582:. He established close relations with a number of African scholars and rulers, from
179:; 16 February 1821 â 25 November 1865) was a German explorer of Africa and scholar.
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de Moraes Farias, Paulo Fernando; Diawara, Mamadou; Spittler, Gerd, eds. (2006).
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Schiffers, Heinrich (1967). "Heinrich Barth Lebensweg". In Schiffers, H. (ed.).
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Barth died in Berlin on 25 November 1865 aged 44. His grave is preserved in the
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Barth returned from Great Britain to Germany, where he prepared a collection of
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for his first visit to Africa. From Tangier, he made his way overland across
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1695:
The Negroland Revisited: Discovery and Invention of the Sudanese Middle Ages
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578:) and was able to investigate the history of some regions, particularly the
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1790:"Explorateur, ethnographe, antihĂ©ros : vie et Ćuvre de Heinrich Barth"
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1672:"Explorateur, ethnographe, antihĂ©ros : vie et Ćuvre de Heinrich Barth"
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339:) which was published in 1849. The intended second volume never appeared.
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in BĂ©rose - EncyclopĂ©die internationale des histoires de lâanthropologie
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1511:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 447.
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377: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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300:. While in Egypt, he was attacked and wounded by robbers. Crossing the
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1697:. Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. pp. 397â418.
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BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology
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BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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He described some of his travels in the first volume of his book,
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The variation of animals and plants under domestication, Volume 1
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Heinrich Barth's house in Timbuktu (in 1908 before its collapse)
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was denied, as it was claimed that he had achieved nothing for
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Route of Barth's journey through Africa between 1850 and 1855
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A Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles through Islamic Africa
1448:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
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Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
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748:(Doctoral Dissertation) (in Latin). Berlin: Typis Unger.
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Corinthiorum commercii et mercaturae historiae particula
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Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London
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831:. US-edition with fewer pictures. 3 volumes. New York:
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Friedhof III der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde
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Expedition to the Sudan, the Sahara and Western Africa
1905:
People educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums
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Walks through the coastal states of the Mediterranean
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Britain, the Sahara and the Western Sudan, 1788-1861
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where he attended courses offered by the geographer
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Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
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Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fĂŒr Erdkunde zu Berlin
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Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London
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Wanderungen durch die KĂŒstenlĂ€nder des Mittelmeeres
615:Reisen und Entdeckungen in Nord- und Centralafrika
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516:with great difficulty. He arrived in the city of
284:. He also travelled through Egypt, ascending the
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1776:(in German). Wiesbaden: Steiner. pp. 1â57.
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598:regions to Timbuktu. There his friendship with
906:(in German and English). Gotha: Justas Perthes.
1290:Barth 1857, vol. 1, chapter IX, pp. 196â199.
492:, a Prussian astronomer, to the expedition of
477:Memorial tablet at the Barth-House in Agadez
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805:Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts
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1524:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
1408:"Medals and Awards: Gold Medal Recipients"
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737:For a full list see Wilhelm Koner (1866).
679:(Cemetery No. III of the congregations of
641:Honorary grave of Heinrich Barth in Berlin
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437:Learn how and when to remove this message
1843:Newspaper clippings about Heinrich Barth
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292:and crossing the desert to the port of
251:Visit to North Africa and the Near East
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1683:"Heinrich Barth, une vie de chercheur"
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1214:"Heinrich Barth and the Western Sudan"
983:(3rd ed.), Longman, p. 665,
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1536:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
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929:(in German). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
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1895:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
1885:Scholars from the Kingdom of Prussia
1316:Nature Education: Knowledge Project
765:Only the first volume was published.
375:adding citations to reliable sources
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1582:. London: Oxford University Press.
465:on 7 September 1853 as depicted by
13:
1623:
14:
1921:
1796:
1446:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
763:] (in German). Berlin: Hertz.
512:early in 1850. They crossed the
1856:Works by or about Heinrich Barth
1837:Scan of one of Barth's notebooks
1656:(in French and English). Köppe.
1485:
981:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
508:in late 1849, and departed from
351:
140:
1618:(in German). Berlin: D. Reimer.
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773:(in German). Gotha: J. Perthes.
657:and appointed president of the
362:needs additional citations for
1670:FischerâKattner, Anke (2018).
1533:New International Encyclopedia
972:
205:Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums
1:
1807:Biodiversity Heritage Library
1788:FischerâKattner, Anke, 2018.
1612:Schubert, Gustav von (1897).
1212:Prothero, R. Mansell (1958).
954:
902:Barth, Heinrich (1862â1866).
769:Barth, Heinrich (1857â1858).
632:
1410:. Royal Geographical Society
663:Prussian Academy of Sciences
105:African explorer and scholar
7:
1847:20th Century Press Archives
1767:. London: Chapman and Hall.
1654:Heinrich Barth et l'Afrique
1637:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1314:(10): 12. Available at:
719:from the British government
584:Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin
559:had no academic knowledge.
461:Heinrich Barth approaching
191:Heinrich Barth was born in
10:
1926:
1890:German explorers of Africa
1558:W. W. Norton & Company
1478:
1309:Nature Education Knowledge
797:Barth, Henry (1857â1858).
710:Royal Geographical Society
118:Royal Geographical Society
717:Companionship of the Bath
125:Companionship of the Bath
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101:
93:
67:
42:
30:
23:
1541:Darwin, Charles (1868).
1218:The Geographical Journal
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923:Barth, Heinrich (1864).
753:Barth, Heinrich (1849).
742:Barth, Henricus (1844).
712:for his African journeys
600:Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti
215:, the classical scholar
187:Early life and education
1831:Heinrich-Barth-Institut
1817:Works by Heinrich Barth
1803:Works by Heinrich Barth
1693:Masonen, Pekka (2000).
1527:"Barth, Heinrich"
1508:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
979:Wells, John C. (2008),
661:. His admission to the
531:in the south, and from
268:ambassador to Britain,
1910:Explorers of West Asia
1713:Murchison, Roderick I.
1681:Kuba, Richard (2019).
1552:Kemper, Steve (2012).
1547:. London: John Murray.
1294:, Barth said, about a
835:, 1857. Google Books:
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610:
478:
470:
454:
1717:"Obituary: Dr. Barth"
847:, Project Gutenberg:
833:Harper & Brothers
733:Selected publications
640:
608:
496:, an explorer of the
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136:Johann Heinrich Barth
1745:. London: Stanford.
1397:, pp. 364, 390.
864:. Gotha: J. Perthes.
659:Geographical Society
371:improve this article
270:Christian von Bunsen
209:University of Berlin
87:German Confederation
61:German Confederation
1733:Petermann, Augustus
1576:Kirk-Greene, A.H.M.
1456:. ("Barth", p. 18).
1631:Boahen, Albert Adu
1595:Koner, W. (1866).
869:Barth, H. (1860).
858:Barth, H. (1860).
699:Legacy and honours
681:Jerusalem's Church
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611:
479:
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219:and the historian
83:Kingdom of Prussia
1759:Richardson, James
1663:978-3-89645-220-7
1644:978-0-19-821625-4
1567:978-0-393-07966-1
1454:978-1-4214-0135-5
655:Berlin University
564:African languages
504:. The party left
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1501:, ed. (1911). "
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849:Volume 1 (1857)
845:Volume 3 (1859)
841:Volume 2 (1857)
837:Volume 1 (1857)
829:Volume 5 (1858)
825:Volume 4 (1858)
821:Volume 3 (1857)
817:Volume 2 (1857)
813:Volume 1 (1857)
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557:Hugh Clapperton
539:in the east to
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302:Sinai peninsula
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667:historiography
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580:Songhay Empire
467:Martin Bernatz
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360:This section
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1821:Open Library
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1414:10 September
1412:. Retrieved
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1202:, p. 5.
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1097:, p. 3.
1090:
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974:
969:, p. 1.
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553:Dixon Denham
549:René Caillié
545:
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433:
424:
414:
407:
400:
393:
381:
369:Please help
364:verification
361:
336:
332:
327:Privatdozent
325:
282:North Africa
254:
217:August Böckh
196:
190:
181:
135:
134:
73:(1865-11-25)
18:
1880:1865 deaths
1875:1821 births
1468:, pp.
1395:Kemper 2012
1275:Darwin 1868
1263:xxiii Vol 1
1109:, pp.
1053:, pp.
1037:, pp.
1021:, pp.
1005:, pp.
881:: 112â128.
691:, south of
221:Jakob Grimm
213:Karl Ritter
94:Nationality
1869:Categories
1727:: 201â203.
1466:Koner 1866
1431:, p.
1381:, p.
1365:, p.
1363:Koner 1866
1339:Barth 1864
1296:petroglyph
1277:, p.
1261:, p.
1188:Barth 1849
1174:, p.
1125:, p.
1123:Barth 1849
1083:Barth 1844
1069:, p.
955:References
803:. London:
685:New Church
674:Protestant
633:Later life
506:Marseilles
397:newspapers
314:Asia Minor
290:Wadi Halfa
50:1821-02-16
1751:257397111
1292:On p. 199
1238:0016-7398
801:5 volumes
533:Lake Chad
306:Palestine
274:Gibraltar
201:Lutherans
1761:(1853).
1715:(1866).
1689:, Paris.
1678:, Paris.
1633:(1964).
917:Volume 3
913:Volume 2
909:Volume 1
792:Volume 5
788:Volume 4
784:Volume 3
780:Volume 2
776:Volume 1
541:Timbuktu
529:Cameroon
486:Prussian
463:Timbuktu
294:Berenice
278:Tangiers
266:Prussian
229:Florence
1858:at the
1849:of the
1845:in the
1782:5182712
1607:: 1â31.
1588:6083393
1519::
1496::
1479:Sources
1246:1790783
895:1798293
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627:savanna
592:Katsina
537:Bagirmi
525:Adamawa
510:Tripoli
411:scholar
298:Red Sea
296:on the
193:Hamburg
172:German:
116:of the
57:Hamburg
48: (
1780:
1749:
1701:
1660:
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1586:
1564:
1490:
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1236:
987:
893:
623:Darwin
596:Sokoto
576:Kanuri
568:Fulani
518:Agadez
498:Sahara
484:, the
413:
406:
399:
392:
384:
322:Greece
318:Turkey
258:Arabic
241:Sicily
237:Naples
225:Venice
128:(1862)
121:(1856)
110:Awards
97:German
79:Berlin
1743:(PDF)
1739:notes
1685:, in
1674:, in
1470:28-31
1242:JSTOR
1111:19-21
935:Notes
891:JSTOR
759:[
715:1862
704:1856
687:) in
588:Bornu
572:Hausa
502:Sudan
418:JSTOR
404:books
310:Syria
1778:OCLC
1747:OCLC
1699:ISBN
1658:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1584:OCLC
1562:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1416:2015
1234:ISSN
985:ISBN
683:and
594:and
574:and
555:and
535:and
390:news
320:and
286:Nile
239:and
233:Rome
68:Died
43:Born
1851:ZBW
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1433:138
1383:173
1279:308
1226:doi
1222:124
1127:vii
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