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477:
580:
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96:) climate, characterized by relatively high average annual precipitation 798 mm (31.4 in) with half the precipitation occurring during the six coldest months (51% of the total falling from October through March). January, for example, averages -21 Ā°C (-6 Ā°F) and has 81 mm (3.2 in) of water-equivalent precipitation on average, perhaps the most humid air at that temperature experienced anywhere on earth.
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said the forced relocation led to poverty for several of the Inuit. "They were put in places where they weren't familiar with the local environment so they didn't know where to hunt, fish or trap and aside from that, all of the best places were already claimed by people who originally lived in those
518:
during WWII. The
American soldiers stationed at Hebron also kept watch on the Moravian missionaries who were suspected of being sympathetic towards Germany. While the secret US weather station operated until February 1946, the existence of this station was made public in 2017 through the publication
472:
Mission work started at Hebron in 1818, a site located about 200 km (120 mi) north of Nain. It wasn't until 1827 that a small blockhouse was built as a seasonal outpost for missionaries.. In 1831, temporary quarters having been completed, the first permanent missionaries were appointed to
546:
After consultation with
Moravian leaders, the decision was made to close the mission. The Inuit would be resettled into larger communities. "I see no other way than to suggest the Mission withdraw from Hebron this summer," said the Rev. Siegfried Hettasch. By April 1959, there were 58 families at
550:
By the fall of that year, half of the families had moved on their own. The remainder left soon after the
Grenfell nurse was withdrawn and the community store closed in the fall of 1959. The relocation broke up extended families to different communities. Most were sent to
473:
Hebron. The construction of the 53-meter-long, ten-metre-wide and one-storey-high building needed to house the church, the missionariesā quarters and storage was started in spring 1835 and completed in
October 1837. That building still dominates Hebronās landscape.
563:. Houses were not ready when the relocatees arrived. When the accommodations were finally built, they were clustered in ālittle Hebronā villages, on the edges of the existing communities, reinforcing the isolation many Hebron Inuit already felt.
1555:
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awarded $ 298,000 to the Hebron and Nutak
Reunions to provide an opportunity for the remaining able-bodied evictees to return to their homeland together at Hebron and Nutak/Okkak Bay in the summer of 2024.
594:
The buildings of the original mission still stand. The main mission building has been undergoing renovation by Inuit volunteers and hired carpenters, who are relocatees or their descendants, organized by
1490:
1591:
1530:
609:
apologized to Inuit affected by the relocations of Hebron and Nutak. In August 2009, the provincial government unveiled a monument at the site of Hebron with an inscribed apology for the site closure.
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ran through the community periodically. Between mid-1800s and early 1900s, the population in Hebron stayed at about 200 to 250 Inuit. In 1918, Moravian missionaries brought an outbreak of
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1923:
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1596:
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1943:
1933:
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Inuit living in Hebron primarily relied on traditional subsistence activities. They lived in sod houses constructed with whalebone or wooden frame and seal-gut window.
1242:
1311:
511:. Approximately 86 of Hebron's 100 residents died. The flu epidemic of 1918 was believed to have wiped out a third of the 1,200-member Inuit population of Labrador.
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Monument unveiled in 2009 by the
Newfoundland-and-Labrador governement to apologize for the forced relocation of Inuit in 1959. July 2016.
451:
Prior to
European contact, Inuit from different regions used Hebron as a meeting place. It is used mainly as hunting and fishing grounds.
767:
60:. The traditional Nunatsiavummiutitut name for the area means "the Great Bay". Founded in 1831, the mission disbanded in 1959. The Inuk
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692:Ā« ... They Gave Hebron, the City of Refuge... (Joshua 21:13): an Archeological Reconnaissance at Hebron, Labrador Ā»
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Hebron. The decision was announced at an Easter Monday service in 1959. There was no consultation with community members.
1428:
1148:
552:
528:
847:
The
Founding of Hebron: The arrival of missionaries and the expansion to the north: disease, trade and conversion. In
514:
In July 1943, US Army received permission from the
Newfoundland government to secretly construct a weather station to
1212:
1061:(Press release). Executive Council, Labrador and Aboriginal Affairs, Tourism, Culture and Recreation. August 10, 2009
588:
1132:
889:
29:
The mission at Hebron, Labrador, around 1860. Original drawing by
Moravian Bishop Levin Theodor Reichel (1812-1878).
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16:"Hebron resettlement controversy" redirects here. For resettlement in Hebron, Palestine, see
1822:
536:
8:
915:
Renatusā Kayak : A Labrador Inuk, an American G.I. and a Secret WWII Weather Station
579:
397:
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Reconciling With Memories: A Record of the Reunion at Hebron 40 Years After Relocation
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504:
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Monument unveiled to commemorate apology to Labrador Inuit, The Telegram, 2012-08-15
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Exploring God's Acre: The Moravian Church Mission Graveyard at Hebron, Labrador
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81:
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expressing concern about cramped living conditions at Hebron that had led to
223:
540:
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369:
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began establishing missions in Labrador in 1771. The first was located at
1751:
785:"Hebron, Newfoundland and Labrador Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)"
596:
405:
401:
365:
602:
In August 1999, a first reunion of the relocatees was held in Hebron.
836:
Our Footprints are Everywhere: Inuit Land Use and Occupancy in Labrador
516:
improve Allies' weather forecasting in North Atlantic and Arctic oceans
462:
381:
1154:
Relocated Labrador Inuit to get apology monument, CBC News, 2009-07-24
599:
and are in reasonably good condition considering the passage of time.
531:, an organization dedicated to the health and welfare of residents of
480:
View of the Hebron Mission National Historic Site of Canada, July 2009
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768:"Remains of Abraham Ulrikab may be returned to Labrador | CBC News"
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25:
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678:. MontrĆ©al:Imaginaire | Nord, āIsbergā series, 2017. pp. 3, 13-15
393:
385:
297:
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373:
93:
69:
17:
1176:
William Whiteley Inventory of the Moravian Mission in Labrador
571:
communities," said the report's author, Carol Brice-Bennett.
466:
417:
413:
389:
425:
1103:"Over $ 3.2 million awarded to ten teams across the North"
676:
Dispossessed. The Eviction of Inuit from Hebron, Labrador
409:
1924:
History of the Labrador Province of the Moravian Church
1015:"Inuit mark 50th anniversary of Labrador resettlement"
838:., Labrador Inuit Association, 1977. pp. 109, 189-190
1164:
Travelling back in time to Moravian Mission in Hebron
1037:"Ceremony to mark forced relocation of Inuit village"
1944:
Former populated places in Newfoundland and Labrador
1934:
National Historic Sites in Newfoundland and Labrador
591:in 1976. It is frequently visited by cruise ships.
103:Climate data for Hebron, Newfoundland and Labrador
1081:"Relocated Labrador Inuit to get apology monument"
1059:"Memorial to Former Residents of Hebron Unveiled"
809:"HEBRON CANADA, Weather History and Climate Data"
719:"Hebron Mission National Historic Site of Canada"
1915:
1128:Hebron Mission, National Historic Site of Canada
925:
923:
568:Canadian Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
92:). The site has an unusual sub-type of arctic (
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1197:
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779:
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1649:Moravian College & Theological Seminary
830:
828:
972:
651:
605:In 2005, Newfoundland and Labrador Premier
56:mission and the northernmost settlement in
1939:Forcibly depopulated communities in Canada
1443:
1429:
1204:
1190:
909:
907:
774:
690:Loring, Stephen and Beatrix Arendt. 2009.
825:
360:The area features numerous fauna such as
938:. Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Archived from
841:
686:
684:
640:
638:
611:
578:
475:
439:
24:
1105:. Arctic Inspiration Prize. May 8, 2024
993:"Labrador's Inuit cheer land agreement"
904:
1916:
932:"The dispossession of the Hebronimiut"
1424:
1185:
1170:Inventory of Moravian Mission Records
929:
741:
716:
681:
635:
966:Canadian Register of Historic Places
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
1607:Star Mountain Rehabilitation Centre
1450:
1404:
1149:Memorial University of Newfoundland
982:. Labrador Inuit Association, Nain.
13:
1929:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
978:Brice-Bennett, Carol, 2000 :
930:Green, Julie (September 3, 1998).
529:International Grenfell Association
14:
1955:
1213:National Historic Sites of Canada
1121:
697:
487:Life was hard at the settlement.
1403:
1391:
1379:
1368:
1367:
589:National Historic Site of Canada
1095:
1073:
1051:
1029:
1007:
985:
954:
882:
868:
862:"The Labrador pandemic of 1918"
854:
1830:Quakers and Moravians Act 1838
1803:History of the Moravian Church
801:
760:
735:
522:
1:
1582:Eastern Tanzania and Zanzibar
628:
64:and his family, exhibited in
1178:at Dartmouth College Library
1172:at Dartmouth College Library
995:. CBC news. January 22, 2005
742:Rivet, France (2019-09-08).
717:Rivet, France (2019-11-18).
574:
543:and a shortage of firewood.
7:
1017:. CBC News. August 12, 2009
507:that devastated Hebron and
355:
72:in 1880, were from Hebron.
10:
1960:
1685:Moravian Church Foundation
587:The site was designated a
461:. The Moravians sought to
435:
347:
342:
102:
75:
15:
1843:
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1744:
1693:
1672:
1631:
1615:
1574:
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1346:
1320:
1248:Newfoundland and Labrador
1220:
1083:. CBC News. July 24, 2009
969:. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
917:. pp. 10-11 and afterword
913:Enerson Junker, Rozanne.
748:The Canadian Encyclopedia
723:The Canadian Encyclopedia
583:Hebron Mission, July 2012
566:A report written for the
533:Newfoundland and Labrador
527:In 1955, a member of the
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221:
151:
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113:
110:
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1632:Educational institutions
1556:Tanzania (South Western)
1039:. CBC News. Aug 15, 2012
622:Arctic Inspiration Prize
444:Hebron Moravian church
876:"The 1918 Spanish Flu"
851:. Fall 1999. pp. 8-12.
849:Kinatuinamut Ilingajuk
834:Brice-Bennett, Carol.
644:Jarvis, Dale Gilbert.
617:
597:Nunatsiavut government
584:
481:
448:
30:
1900:58.20000Ā°N 62.62611Ā°W
1328:Northwest Territories
674:Carol Brice-Bennett,
615:
582:
479:
443:
28:
1777:Moravian Advent star
1506:European Continental
1290:Prince Edward Island
813:www.worldclimate.com
537:Government of Canada
82:polar tundra climate
1905:58.20000; -62.62611
1896: /
1787:Spice Cookies (USA)
1551:Tanzania (Southern)
1501:Eastern West Indies
1133:History of Labrador
894:HVBG.net; Them Days
152:Daily mean Ā°C (Ā°F)
38:Nunatsiavummiutitut
1673:Other institutions
1561:Tanzania (Western)
1386:History portal
1143:2005-12-01 at the
890:"Labrador History"
618:
585:
482:
449:
31:
1879:
1878:
1757:Christmas village
1592:Northern Tanzania
1418:
1417:
1398:Canada portal
1166:, NTV, 2014-11-03
744:"Abraham Ulrikab"
620:In May 2024, the
505:Spanish influenza
352:
351:
1951:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1818:Moravian Indians
1762:Daily Watchwords
1644:Moravian Academy
1546:Tanzania (Rukwa)
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1438:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1407:
1406:
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1233:British Columbia
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896:. Archived from
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864:. 20 March 2020.
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1835:Moravian slaves
1791:
1740:
1689:
1668:
1654:Ockbrook School
1627:
1611:
1570:
1476:America (South)
1471:America (North)
1454:
1452:Moravian Church
1449:
1419:
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942:on 9 March 2001
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1536:South Africa
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1808:by Province
1752:Christingle
1694:Settlements
1623:by Province
1409:WikiProject
1321:Territories
1305:Quebec City
1253:Nova Scotia
1215:by location
789:Weatherbase
523:Abandonment
519:of a book.
406:Arctic char
402:Arctic hare
398:black bears
382:polar bears
348:Source 2:
343:Source 1:
296:Mean daily
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1767:God's Acre
1745:Traditions
1726:Kƶnigsfeld
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1575:Other work
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1065:January 4,
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818:2024-04-18
794:2024-04-18
753:2024-04-17
728:2024-04-17
629:References
463:evangelize
422:mergansers
362:harp seals
66:human zoos
1888:58Ā°12ā²0ā³N
1772:Lovefeast
1736:Old Salem
1716:Herrnhaag
1706:Fairfield
1701:Bethabara
1531:Nicaragua
1459:Provinces
1221:Provinces
1138:The Inuit
575:Aftermath
497:influenza
489:Epidemics
455:Moravians
386:red foxes
1731:Ockbrook
1721:Herrnhut
1541:Suriname
1526:Labrador
1516:Honduras
1373:Category
1300:Montreal
1268:Kingston
1263:Hamilton
1238:Manitoba
1141:Archived
1109:July 21,
557:Makkovik
553:Hopedale
501:smallpox
374:walruses
356:Wildlife
222:Average
58:Labrador
54:Moravian
52:) was a
1866:Artists
1861:Writers
1851:Bishops
1796:History
1711:Fulneck
1521:Jamaica
1481:British
1333:Nunavut
1283:Toronto
1273:Niagara
1258:Ontario
1228:Alberta
1043:Oct 16,
694:. p. 35
648:. p. 93
436:History
394:caribou
291:(31.4)
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