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20:
175:, where Paingu died on December 27. It wasn't until little Sara showed symptoms that the doctors were finally able to diagnose the sickness that was affecting the Inuit: smallpox. It was with a broken heart that Abraham and Ulrike had to entrust Sara to the hospital in Krefeld, as the group had to depart for their next destination, Paris. Sara died on December 31, 1880, as her parents arrived in
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left her wondering what had happened to the Inuit in Paris, and what had become of their remains. She promised Blohm and a
Labrador Inuk friend that she would investigate. About a year into her research, she uncovered documents about anthropologists in Paris having studied Paingu's skullcap, as well
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have started their reflection as to whether or not the remains should be brought back to Canada. In summer 2015, the
Nunatsiavut Government has launched a series of public consultations on the development of its policy on the repatriation of human remains and burial objects from archeological sites
70:
Before 1893, the Inuit of northern
Labrador did not use patrilineal surnames. Instead, the surnames of married couples would usually be their spouse's given name followed by the suffix "-b" or "-ib", if the name did not end with a vowel. It is possible that Ulrikab's surname was actually "Ulrikeb",
224:
In Hebron, Moravian missionary Carl
Gottlieb Kretschmer, who had tried to dissuade the Inuit from going to Europe, translated Abraham's diary to German. English and French translations were also published in the 19th century Moravian Church publications. Then, the story fell into oblivion for a
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mission store in Hebron. He was also curious to visit Europe and was looking forward to see some of the
Moravian missionaries he had befriended in Labrador. But soon after their arrival in Europe, the Inuit realized they had made a mistake in coming and they longed to return to Labrador.
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revealed the results of this investigation and publicly released the news that the Inuit's remains had been located. The skeletons of
Abraham, of his wife Ulrike, of their daughter Maria, of young Tobias and of Tigianniak were located in the biological anthropology collections of the
71:
as "Ulrike" was his wife's name. His wife's full name was therefore likely "Ulrike
Abrahamib". Children used the surname of the parent of the opposite gender before marriage, so their children were likely named "Sara Ulrikeb" and "Maria Ulrikeb".
155:" in German) and headed to Europe. They arrived in Hamburg on September 24, 1880. Their show at the Tierpark Hagenbeck opened on October 2, 1880. On October 15, the group was moved to Berlin, where they were exhibited at the
136:. He became the natural leader of the eight and, despite the Moravian missionaries's opposition, Abraham agreed to go to Europe. The money he was to earn would enable him to repay his, and his late father's, debt to the
201:, who had recruited them on behalf of Carl Hagenbeck, had omitted to have them vaccinated against smallpox, even though it was required by German law. In his diary, Jacobsen admitted that he had forgotten about it.
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Mrs. Rivet we have the regret to inform you that we do not have the brain casts, but we do have the skullcap as well as the fully-mounted skeletons of the five
Labrador Inuit who died in Paris in January
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as plaster casts of the brains of
Abraham, Ulrike, and Tobias. Wondering if these items could still be in a museum's collection, she sent a few letters to inquire. Soon a reply arrived from the
194:, where they all died within the next week. Maria died on January 10, 1881. Tigianniak on January 11. Tobias and Abraham died on January 13, and Ulrike, the last to live, died January 16, 1881.
228:
In 1980, Abraham's diary resurfaced when
Canadian ethnologist Dr. James Garth Taylor discovered a copy of Kretschmer's German translation in the archives of the Moravian Church located in
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The Muséum's Collections Director, Michel Guiraud, has confirmed that they stand at the ready to return the remains to the Labrador Inuit. On June 14, 2013, through the signature of the
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247:, Germany. They contextualized Abraham's diary with data gathered from the Moravian archives, from 19th century newspapers as well as from the archives of
884:
900:
379:, juxtaposing Abraham's story, with the search for his remains, and the Labrador Inuit's quest to bring the remains home aired in February 2016 on
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Public Consultations on the Development of Policy on the Repatriation of Human Remains and Burial Objects from Archaeological Sites in Nunatsiavut
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46:, Canada, who â along with his family and four other Inuit â agreed to become the latest attraction in the ethnographical shows organized by
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This totally unexpected news triggered a four-year research to fully document the Inuit's story as well as discussions with authorities in
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Abraham's diary is significant because it is the only extant account of one of Carl Hagenbeck's European ethnological exhibition (
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Over the next 25 years, a few individuals looked into this tragedy, including German ethnologist Hilke Thode-Arora and Professor
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266:. At last, Abraham's diary was in book form ensuring that his words and story would find their way to today's Labrador Inuit.
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The five survivors were vaccinated against smallpox on January 1, 1881, but it was too late. The group was exhibited at the
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551:. Second enlarged edition. Gatineau (Quebec): Polar Horizons. (English translation of Johan Adrian Jacobsen's diary by
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working with the appropriate authorities to help to repatriate Inuit bones from French museum collections to Canada
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having preceded him by 2 years. Unfortunately, Abraham's original diary in Inuktitut has yet to be located.
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Longed to come home: Killed by smallpox in 1881, the remains of five Labrador Inuit are uncovered in Paris
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389:. This documentary is produced by Pix3 Films. In 2017, the documentary received two nominations at the
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The eight Inuit were from two families. Their approximate ages upon arrival in Europe were as follows:
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The Long Journey Home: More than 130 later, Abraham Ulrikab's remains may finally return to Labrador
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In 2009, a French-Canadian, France Rivet, was introduced to Abraham's story by master photographer
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is also part of the Muséum's collection. Lastly, the skull of Sara was located in Berlin.
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The Ulrikab family: Ulrike, Tobias, Abraham, Maria (on Ulrike's lap) and Sara (standing).
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participants. It is also one of the first autobiographies by an Inuk; Greenlander
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Trapped in a Human Zoo: Nain man retraces steps of Labrador Inuit in documentary
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Das Eskimo â Tagebuch von 1880. Eine Völkerschau aus der Sicht eines Teinehmers
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A long road home: Reclaiming human remains kept in foreign museums is not easy
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704:, Vol. 2, No. 2, Fall/Winter 2002. pp. 2â17 (Originally published in 1991 as
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Abraham's DiaryâA European Ethnic Show from an Inuk Participant's Viewpoint
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Shocking history of Inuit trapped in 'human zoos' revealed in documentary
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published the work of Hartmut Lutz, and of his students, under the title
614:"Ulrikab, Abraham | Inuit Literatures áááአááȘáááŻáአLittĂ©ratures inuites"
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217:; it was among his possessions that were sent back to his relatives in
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171:. Here, Nuggasak died suddenly on December 14. The group moved on to
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for about a week. Then, on January 9, 1881, they were admitted to
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873:, a two-hour documentary by Battery Radio, aired on CBC Radio One
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The Inuit are exhibited in Europe (September 1880âJanuary 1881)
496:. Gatineau (Quebec): Polar Horizons. (English translation by
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In the Footsteps of Abraham Ulrikab: The events of 1880â1881
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In the Footsteps of Abraham Ulrikab: The events of 1880â1881
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920:â Interview with Johannes Lampe and France Rivet aired on
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Eight Labrador Inuit trapped in a 19th century human zoo
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232:. Through the article Dr. Taylor published in 1981 in
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Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Europe
472:. Wesee (Germany): vdL:Verlag. German translation of
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In the Footsteps of Abraham Ulrikab Research project
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Montague, Derek. "Remains of Labrador Inuit found".
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Best Science or Nature Documentary Program or Series
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Abraham Ulrikab im Zoo: Tagebuch eines Inuk 1880/81
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377:Trapped in a Human Zoo: Based on Abraham's Diary
144:On August 26, 1880, all eight Inuit boarded the
902:Abraham Ulrikab: The Filming of the Documentary
737:Remains of Abraham Ulrikab may be returned home
651:
649:
399:Barbara Sears Award for Best Editorial Research
439:The Diary of Abraham Ulrikab: Text and Context
295:The Diary of Abraham Ulrikab: Text and Context
264:The Diary of Abraham Ulrikab: Text and Context
657:"Saltwire | Newfoundland & Labrador"
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209:During his travels in Europe, Abraham kept a
30:(January 29, 1845 â January 13, 1881) was an
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850:article on the Moravian Mission in Labrador
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678:An Eskimo abroad, 1880: His diary and death
594:List of people of Newfoundland and Labrador
549:Voyage with the Labrador Eskimos, 1880â1881
494:Voyage with the Labrador Eskimos, 1880â1881
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630:
323:In fall 2014, the publication of the book
122:Nuggasak, their teenage daughter about 15.
904:â Above & Beyond Magazine, 2015-10-29
751:Canada-France Enhanced Cooperation Agenda
353:Canada-France Enhanced Cooperation Agenda
159:until November 14. They then traveled to
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643:. Gatineau: Polar Horizons. 2014. p. 29
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319:The repatriation of the Inuit's remains
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128:Abraham was literate, an accomplished
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522:. Gatineau (Quebec): Polar Horizons.
957:Inuit from Newfoundland and Labrador
896:â World Policy Institute, 2015-08-05
710:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kulturwissenschaften
330:Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
300:Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
285:The discovery of the Inuit's remains
835:article on native Inuit of Labrador
340:of Paingu, which had been taken by
325:In the Footsteps of Abraham Ulrikab
13:
725:â Intercontinental Cry, 2015-08-26
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500:of Johan Adrian Jacobsen's diary)
405:Books published on Abraham Ulrikab
362:The authorities and the people of
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108:Tobias, 20, a young unmarried man.
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825:When Inuit become zoo curiosities
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536:(pdf) (also available in French)
105:Maria, infant daughter, 10 months
42:, in the present-day province of
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243:assisted by his students at the
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967:Tourist attractions in Hamburg
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856:The Diary of Abraham Ulrikab
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474:The Diary of Abraham Ulrikab
116:Tigianniak, about 45, father
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912:â Up Here magazine, 2015-11
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293:. Her reading of the book
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119:Paingu, as old as 50, wife
16:Inuk from Hebron, Labrador
113:The non-Christian family
44:Newfoundland and Labrador
245:University of Greifswald
739:â CBC North, 2015-05-13
684:Oct/Nov. 1981 pp. 38â43
230:Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
932:â CBC News, 2016-02-11
545:Jacobsen, Johan Adrian
510:(pdf) â Out of print.
490:Jacobsen, Johan Adrian
344:during her autopsy in
213:written in his native
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848:Heritage Newfoundland
833:Heritage Newfoundland
676:Taylor, James Garth.
253:Johan Adrian Jacobsen
199:Johan Adrian Jacobsen
83:The Christian family
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977:Human zoo performers
962:People from Labrador
952:Deaths from smallpox
777:Fall 2014. pp. 12â14
696:Thode-Arora, Hilke.
682:Canadian Geographic,
600:References and notes
555:and Riedel, Dieter)
460:, Kathrin GrollmuĂ,
386:The Nature of Things
375:A documentary film,
184:Jardin d'Acclimation
132:player and a devout
89:Ulrike, 24, his wife
234:Canadian Geographic
192:HĂŽpital Saint-Louis
840:2005-12-01 at the
52:Tierpark Hagenbeck
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947:1881 deaths
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364:Nunatsiavut
313:Nunatsiavut
66:Name origin
54:, a zoo in
941:Categories
894:Homecoming
864:0776606026
790:2014-11-27
623:2021-06-01
462:Hans Blohm
441:. Ottawa:
291:Hans Blohm
197:Norwegian
157:Berlin zoo
153:polar bear
102:, daughter
271:human zoo
225:century.
215:Inuktitut
169:Darmstadt
165:Frankfurt
134:Christian
838:Archived
805:Archived
755:Archived
572:See also
397:and the
342:Jacobsen
338:skullcap
146:schooner
138:Moravian
40:Labrador
708:, Kea:
565:(epub)
532:(epub)
346:Krefeld
186:in the
173:Crefeld
97:⁄
92:Sara, 3
60:Germany
56:Hamburg
862:
415:Title
275:ethnic
219:Hebron
161:Prague
149:EisbÀr
130:violin
36:Hebron
541:2019
515:2014
486:2014
454:2007
423:2005
418:ISBN
412:Year
307:1881.
211:diary
177:Paris
34:from
860:ISBN
464:and
433:and
251:and
167:and
32:Inuk
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
