American black bear

1523: 1860: 987: 2277:. Bears often drag their prey to cover, preferring to feed in seclusion. The skin of large prey is stripped back and turned inside out, with the skeleton usually left largely intact. Unlike gray wolves and coyotes, bears rarely scatter the remains of their kills. Vegetation around the carcass is usually matted down, and their droppings are frequently found nearby. Bears may attempt to cover remains of larger carcasses, though they do not do so with the same frequency as cougars and grizzly bears. They will readily consume eggs and nestlings of various birds and can easily access many tree nests, even the huge nests of bald eagles. Bears have been reported stealing deer and other game from human hunters. 331: 1967:

Florida to 73% in Virginia and North Carolina. In Minnesota, 99% of wintering adult bears were able to survive the hibernation cycle in one study. Remarkably, a study of American black bears in Nevada found that the amount of annual mortality of a population of bears in wilderness areas was 0%, whereas in developed areas in the state this figure rose to 83%. Survival in subadults is generally less assured. In Alaska, only 14–17% of subadult males and 30–48% of subadult females were found in a study to survive to adulthood. Across the range, the estimated number of cubs who survive past their first year is 60%.

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280–450 g (0.62–0.99 lb) and measure 20.5 cm (8.1 in) in length. They are born with fine, gray, down-like hair and their hind quarters are underdeveloped. They typically open their eyes after 28–40 days and begin walking after 5 weeks. Cubs are dependent on their mother's milk for 30 weeks and will reach independence at 16–18 months. At 6 weeks, they attain 900 g (2.0 lb), by 8 weeks they reach 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) and by 6 months they weigh 18 to 27 kg (40 to 60 lb). They reach sexual maturity at 3 years and attain their full growth at 5 years.

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outnumber brown bears. Compared to brown bear attacks, aggressive encounters with black bears rarely lead to serious injury. Most attacks tend to be motivated by hunger rather than territoriality and thus victims have a higher probability of surviving by fighting back rather than submitting. Unlike female brown bears, female American black bears are not as protective of their cubs and rarely attack humans in the vicinity of the cubs. However, occasionally such attacks do occur. The worst recorded attack occurred in May 1978, in which a bear killed three teenagers fishing in

2017:, but because of discoveries about the metabolic changes that allow black bears to remain dormant for months without eating, drinking, urinating or defecating, most biologists have redefined mammalian hibernation as "specialized, seasonal reduction in metabolism concurrent with scarce food and cold weather". American black bears are now considered highly efficient hibernators. The physiology of American black bears in the wild is closely related to that of bears in captivity. Understanding the physiology of bears in the wild is vital to the bear's success in captivity. 953: 2540:, 107 resulted in injury and occurred mainly in tourist hot spots where people regularly fed the bears handouts. In almost every case where open garbage dumps that attracted bears were closed and handouts ceased, the number of aggressive encounters dropped. However, in the Liard River Hot Springs case, the bear was apparently dependent on a local garbage dump that had closed and so was starving to death. Attempts to relocate bears are typically unsuccessful, as the bears seem able to return to their home range, even without familiar landscape cues. 2273:. This is believed to be due to a paucity of edible plant life in this sub-Arctic region and a local lack of competing large carnivores (including other bear species). Like brown bears, American black bears try to use surprise to ambush their prey and target the weak, injured, sickly or dying animals in the herds. Once a deer fawn is captured, it is frequently torn apart alive while feeding. If it is able to capture a mother deer in spring, the bear frequently begins feeding on the udder of lactating females, but generally prefers meat from the 1843: 674: 769: 1578: 2083: 2355: 195: 640: 1049: 886: 833: 2121: 2104: 1829: 1147: 718: 153: 913: 13142: 7509: 1479: 1501: 2671:

than women, younger voters and those living in more developed parts of the state. In the western states, where there are large American black bear populations, there are spring and year-round seasons. Approximately 18,000 American black bears were killed annually in the U.S. between 1988 and 1992. Within this period, annual kills ranged from six bears in South Carolina to 2,232 in Maine. According to Dwight Schuh in his

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escape enemies and hibernate. Four of the eight modern bear species are habitually arboreal (the most arboreal species, the American and Asian black bears and the sun bear, being fairly closely related). Their arboreal abilities tend to decline with age. They may be active at any time of the day or night, although they mainly forage by night. Bears living near human habitations tend to be more extensively

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well-nourished, inactive human. The bear's bone mass does not change in geometry or mineral composition during hibernation, which implies that the bear's conservation of bone mass during hibernation is caused by a biological mechanism. During hibernation American black bears retain all excretory waste, leading to the development of a hardened mass of fecal material in the colon known as a

1655:, shot in November 1972, that weighed 409 kg (902 lb) after it had been dressed, meaning it weighed an estimated 500 kg (1,100 lb) in life and measured 2.41 m (7 ft 11 in) long. Another notably outsized wild American black bear, weighing in at 408 kg (899 lb), was the cattle-killer shot in December 1921 on the Moqui Reservation in 1684: 1943: 1635:, a study found that adult males averaged 119 kg (262 lb) and adult females averaged 67 kg (148 lb). Black bears in north-central Minnesota averaged 70 kg (150 lb) in 163 females and 125 kg (276 lb) in 77 males. In New York, the males average 136 kg (300 lb) and females 72.6 kg (160 lb). It was found in 2169:. Young shoots and buds from trees and shrubs during the spring period are important to bears emerging from hibernation, as they assist in rebuilding muscle and strengthening the skeleton and are often the only digestible foods available at that time. During summer, the diet largely comprises fruits, especially berries and soft masts such as buds and 2666:

vary greatly according to state, with some bear hunting seasons including fall only, spring and fall, or year-round. New Jersey, in November 2010, approved a six-day bear-hunting season in early December 2010 to slow the growth of the population. Bear hunting had been banned in New Jersey for five years before that time. A

1325:). The adaptation to woodlands and thick vegetation in this species may have originally been because the bear evolved alongside larger, more aggressive bear species, such as the extinct giant short-faced bear and the grizzly bear, that monopolized more open habitats and the historic presence of larger predators, such as 2065:

emerging from their winter dens in spring, they wander their home ranges for two weeks so that their metabolism accustoms itself to the activity. In mountainous areas, they seek southerly slopes at lower elevations for forage and move to northerly and easterly slopes at higher elevations as summer progresses.

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with a rear foot length of 13.7 to 22.5 cm (5.4 to 8.9 in), which is proportionately larger than other medium-sized bear species, but much smaller than the paws of large adult brown, and especially polar bears. The soles of the feet are black or brownish and are naked, leathery and deeply wrinkled.

1556:, being capable of opening screw-top jars and manipulating door latches. They also have great physical strength; a bear weighing 120 pounds (54 kg) was observed turning flat rocks weighing 310 to 325 pounds (141 to 147 kg) by flipping them over with a single foreleg. They move in a rhythmic, 2293:

or grizzly bears, the larger two brown subspecies dominate them. American black bears tend to escape competition from brown bears by being more active in the daytime and living in more densely forested areas. Violent interactions, resulting in the deaths of American black bears, have been recorded in

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snatching a yearling cub. Once out of hibernation, mother bears may be able to fight off most potential predators. Even cougars will be displaced by an angry mother bear if they are discovered stalking the cubs. Flooding of dens after birth may also occasionally kill newborn cubs. However, in current

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Despite their name, black bears show a great deal of color variation. Individual coat colors can range from white, blonde, cinnamon, light brown or dark chocolate brown to jet black, with many intermediate variations existing. Silvery-gray American black bears with a blue luster (this is found mostly

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Bear fat was once valued as a cosmetic article that promoted hair growth and gloss. The fat most favored for this purpose was the hard white fat found in the body's interior. As only a small portion of this fat could be harvested for this purpose, the oil was often mixed with large quantities of hog

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was known to have been present at 500 successful bear hunts, two-thirds of which he killed personally. He killed 30 or 40 bears with only a knife, which he would use to stab the bears between the shoulder blades while they were distracted by his hounds. Unless well trained, horses were often useless

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A limitation of food sources in early spring and wild berry and nut crop failures in summer may contribute to bears regularly feeding from human-based food sources. These bears often eat crops, especially during autumn hyperphagia when natural foods are scarce. Favored crops include apples, oats and

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The time that American black bears emerge from hibernation varies. Factors affecting this include temperature, flooding, and hunger. In southern areas, they may wake up in midwinter. Further north, they may not be seen until late March, April, or even early May. Altitude also has an effect. Bears at

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Bears may communicate with various vocal and non-vocal sounds. Tongue-clicking and grunting are the most common sounds and are made in cordial situations to conspecifics, offspring and occasionally humans. When at ease, they produce a loud rumbling hum. During times of fear or nervousness, bears may

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American black bears have eyesight and hearing comparable to that of humans. Their keenest sense is smell, which is about seven times more sensitive than a domestic dog's. They are excellent and strong swimmers, swimming for pleasure and to feed (largely on fish). They regularly climb trees to feed,

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bears evolved from bears that had emigrated from Asia to the Americas 7–8 mya. The giant and lesser short-faced bears are thought to have been heavily carnivorous and the Florida spectacled bear more herbivorous, while the American black bears remained arboreal omnivores, like their Asian ancestors.

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are much rarer than with brown bears, due to differences in habitat preferences. The majority of American black bear encounters with wolves occur in the species' northern range, with no interactions being recorded in Mexico. Despite the American black bear being more powerful on a one-to-one basis,

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fawns in spring, given the opportunity. Bears may catch the scent of hiding fawns when foraging for something else and then sniff them out and pounce on them. As the fawns reach 10 days of age, they can outmaneuver the bears, and their scent is soon ignored until the next year. American black bears

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changes an American black bear exhibits during hibernation are retained slightly post-hibernation. Upon exiting hibernation, bears retain a reduced heart rate and basal metabolic rate. The metabolic rate of a hibernating bear will remain at a reduced level for up to 21 days after hibernation. After

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The body temperature does not drop significantly, like other mammalian hibernators (staying around 35 °C (95 °F)) and they remain somewhat alert and active. If the winter is mild enough, they may wake up and forage for food. Females also give birth in February and nurture their cubs until

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Sows usually produce their first litter at the age of 3 to 5 years, with those living in more developed areas tending to get pregnant at younger ages. The breeding period usually occurs in the June–July period, though it can extend to August in the species' northern range. The breeding period lasts

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individuals have also been recorded. Black coats tend to predominate in humid areas such as Maine, New England, New York, Tennessee, Michigan and western Washington. Approximately 70% of all American black bears are black, though only 50% in the Rocky Mountains are black. Many in northwestern North

1541:, the length of adult bear skulls was found to average 262 to 317 mm (10.3 to 12.5 in). Across its range, the greatest skull length for the species has been reportedly measured from 23.5 to 35 cm (9.3 to 13.8 in). Females tend to have slenderer and more pointed faces than males. 3018:

Theodore Roosevelt likened the flesh of young American black bears to that of pork, and not as coarse or flavorless as the meat of grizzly bears. The most favored cuts of are concentrated in the legs and loins. Meat from the neck, front legs and shoulders is usually ground into minced meat or used

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have American black bear hunting seasons. Nineteen states require a bear hunting license, with some also requiring a big game license. In eight states, only a big game license is required. Overall, over 481,500 American black bear hunting licenses are sold per year. The hunting methods and seasons

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In Canada, black bears are considered as both a big game and furbearer species in all provinces, save for New Brunswick and the Northwest Territories, where they are only classed as a big game species. There are around 80,900 licensed bear hunters in Canada. Canadian black bear hunts take place in

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typically hunted American black bears during their hibernation cycle. Unlike the hunting of hibernating grizzly bears, which was fraught with danger, hibernating American black bears took longer to awaken and hunting them was thus safer and easier. During the European colonisation of eastern North

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of sheep and goats is common. American black bears have been known to frighten livestock herds over cliffs, causing injuries and death to many animals; whether this is intentional is not known. Occasionally bears kill pets, especially domestic dogs, which are most prone to harass a bear. It is not

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Although they occasionally hunt adult cattle and horses, they seem to prefer smaller prey such as sheep, goats, pigs and young calves. They usually kill by biting the neck and shoulders, though they may break the neck or back of the prey with blows with the paws. Evidence of a bear attack includes

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Hibernating bears spend their time in hollowed-out dens in tree cavities, under logs or rocks, in banks, caves, or culverts, and in shallow depressions. Although naturally-made dens are occasionally used, most dens are dug out by the bear. During their time in hibernation, an American black bear's

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The average lifespan in the wild is 18 years, though it is quite possible for wild individuals to survive for more than 23 years. The record age of a wild individual was 39 years, while that in captivity was 44 years. The average annual survival rate is variable, ranging from 86% in

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Their claws are typically black or grayish-brown. The claws are short and rounded, being thick at the base and tapering to a point. Claws from both hind and front legs are almost identical in length, though the foreclaws tend to be more sharply curved. The paws of the species are relatively large,

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PublicMind poll found that 53% of New Jersey voters approved of the new season if scientists concluded that bears were leaving their usual habitats and destroying private property. Men, older voters and those living in rural areas were more likely to approve of a bear hunting season in New Jersey

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Predation on adult deer is rare, but it has been recorded. They may even hunt prey up to the size of adult female moose, which are considerably larger than themselves, by ambushing them. There is at least one record of a male American black bear killing two bull elk over the course of six days by

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pulsing calls that may sound like growling. Cubs squeal, bawl or scream when anxious and make a motor-like humming sound when comfortable or nursing. American black bears often mark trees using their teeth and claws as a form of communication with other bears, a behavior common to many species of

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American black bears rarely attack when confronted by humans and usually only make mock charges, emit blowing noises and swat the ground with their forepaws. The number of attacks on humans is higher than those by brown bears in North America, but this is largely because black bears considerably

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Although an adult bear is quite capable of killing a human, American black bears typically avoid confronting humans. Unlike grizzly bears, which became a subject of fearsome legend among the European settlers of North America, black bears were rarely considered overly dangerous, even though they

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packs of wolves have been recorded to kill black bears on numerous occasions without eating them. Unlike brown bears, American black bears frequently lose against wolves in disputes over kills. Wolf packs typically kill American black bears when the larger animals are in their hibernation cycle.

2024:), only pregnant females and mothers with yearling cubs will enter hibernation. Prior to that time, they can put on up to 14 kg (30 lb) of body fat to get them through the several months during which they fast. Hibernation typically lasts 3–8 months, depending on regional climate. 1161:

Historically, American black bears occupied the majority of North America's forested regions. Today, they are primarily limited to sparsely settled, forested areas. American black bears currently inhabit much of their original Canadian range, though they seldom occur in the southern farmlands of

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The fertilized eggs undergo delayed development and do not implant in the female's womb until November. The gestation period lasts 235 days, and litters are usually born in late January to early February. Litter size is between one and six cubs, typically two or three. At birth, cubs weigh

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region that bears closer to urban regions were significantly heavier than their arid-country dwelling counterparts, with males near urban areas averaging 138 kg (304 lb) against wild-land males which averaged 115.5 kg (255 lb) whereas peri-urban females averaged 97.9 kg

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Some Native American tribes, in admiration for the American black bear's intelligence, would decorate the heads of bears they killed with trinkets and place them on blankets. Tobacco smoke would be wafted into the disembodied head's nostrils by the hunter that dealt the killing blow, who would

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stays intact during hibernation. This allows the bear to sense the changes in the day based on the ambient temperature caused by the sun's position in the sky. It has also been shown that ambient light exposure and low disturbance levels (that is to say, wild bears in ambient light conditions)

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The hibernating bear does not display the same rate of muscle and bone atrophy relative to other nonhibernatory animals that are subject to long periods of inactivity due to ailment or old age. A hibernating bear only loses approximately half the muscular strength compared to that of a

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times, bear fatalities are mainly attributable to human activities. Seasonally, thousands of black bears are hunted legally across North America to control their numbers, while some are illegally poached or trapped unregulated. Auto collisions also may claim many black bears annually.

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for two to three months. Both sexes are promiscuous. Males try to mate with several females, but large, dominant ones may violently claim a female if another mature male comes near. Copulation can last 20–30 minutes. Sows tend to be short-tempered with their mates after copulating.

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Bear meat had historically been held in high esteem among North America's indigenous people and colonists. American black bears were the only bear species the Kutchin hunted for their meat, though this constituted only a small part of their diet. According to the second volume of

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recommended to use unleashed dogs to deter bear attacks. Although large, aggressive dogs can sometimes cause a bear to run, if pressed, angry bears often turn the tables and end up chasing the dogs in return. A bear in pursuit of a pet dog can threaten both canid and human lives.

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during the night, as their black fur is easily spotted by salmon in the daytime. Other bears, such as the white-furred Kermode bears of the islands of western Canada, have a 30% greater success rate in catching salmon than their black-furred counterparts. Other fish, including

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The fur is soft, with dense underfur and long, coarse, thick guard hairs. The fur is not as shaggy or coarse as that of brown bears. American black bear skins can be distinguished from those of Asian black bears by the lack of a white blaze on the chest and hairier footpads.

2208:. Bears living in areas near human settlements or around a considerable influx of recreational human activity often come to rely on foods inadvertently provided by humans, especially during summertime. These include refuse, birdseed, agricultural products and honey from 1946: 1979:

in the southern parts of their range. In such scenarios, the big cat would have the advantage if it ambushed the bear, killing it with a crushing bite to the back of the skull. Cubs tend to be more vulnerable to predation than adults, with known predators including

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).

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Generally bigger than its mainland relatives, ranging in size from 90 to 270 kg (200 to 600 lb) and averaging 135 kg (298 lb). It has one of the longest hibernation periods of any bear in North America. Known to favor foraging in fields of

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was thought by some to be an American black bear/grizzly bear hybrid, because of its unusually large size and its proportionately larger brain case and skull. DNA testing was unable to determine whether it was a large American black bear or a grizzly bear.

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As of 1993, known black bear populations in Mexico existed in four areas, though knowledge on the distribution of populations outside those areas has not been updated since 1959. Mexico is the only country where the species is classified as "endangered".

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Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008).

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pack, adult black bears are not usually subject to natural predation. However, as evidenced by scats with fur inside of them and the recently discovered carcass of an adult sow with puncture marks in the skull, black bears may occasionally fall prey to

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In the nine-year Report it is stated that the bears had been seen in the zoological gardens to couple freely, but previously to 1848 most had rarely conceived. In the reports published since this date three species have produced young (hybrids in one

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Throughout their range, habitats preferred by American black bears have a few shared characteristics. They are often found in areas with relatively inaccessible terrain, thick understory vegetation and large quantities of edible material (especially

547:. After these prehistoric ursids became extinct during the last glacial period 10,000 years ago, American black bears were probably the only bear present in much of North America until the migration of brown bears to the rest of the continent. 2306:, usurping 10% of the carcasses. Another study found that American black bears visited 48% of cougar kills in summer in Colorado and 77% of kills in California. As a result, the cats spend more time killing and less time feeding on each kill. 408:, with a diet varying greatly depending on season and location. It typically lives in largely forested areas but will leave forests in search of food and is sometimes attracted to human communities due to the immediate availability of food. 1709:

America are cinnamon, blonde or light brown in color and thus may sometimes be mistaken for grizzly bears. Grizzly (and other types of brown) bears can be distinguished by their shoulder hump, larger size and broader, more concave skull.

1675:, is home to the world's largest captive male and female American black bears. Ted, the male, weighed 431–453.5 kg (950–1,000 lb) in the fall of 2006. Honey, the female, weighed 219.6 kg (484 lb) in the fall of 2007. 1596:

Weight tends to vary according to age, sex, health and season. Seasonal variation in weight is very pronounced: in autumn, their pre-den weight tends to be 30% higher than in spring, when black bears emerge from their dens. Bears on the

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to escape a fire on the Wisconsin shore. The mother bear reached the shore and waited for her cubs, but they did not make it across. Two islands mark where the cubs drowned, while the dune marks the spot where the mother bear waited.

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Sixteen subspecies are traditionally recognized; however, a recent genetic study does not support designating some of these, such as the Florida black bear, as distinct subspecies. Listed alphabetically according to subspecific name:

1948: 1470:, American black bears have adapted exclusively to semi-open areas that are more typical habitat in North America for brown bears (likely due to the absence there of brown and polar bears, as well as other large carnivore species). 1342:

In most of the contiguous United States, American black bears today are usually found in heavily vegetated mountainous areas, from 400 to 3,000 m (1,300 to 9,800 ft) in elevation. For American black bears living in the

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The ancestors of American black bears and Asian black bears diverged from sun bears 4.58 mya. The American black bear then split from the Asian black bear 4.08 mya. The earliest American black bear fossils, which were located in

1609:, and bears from the northwest are often slightly heavier than the bears from the southeast. Adult males typically weigh between 57–250 kg (126–551 lb), while females weigh 33% less at 41–170 kg (90–375 lb). 2301:

American black bears do occasionally compete with cougars over carcasses. Like brown bears, they will sometimes steal kills from cougars. One study found that both bear species visited 24% of cougar kills in Yellowstone and

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way and can run at speeds of 25 to 30 miles per hour (40 to 48 km/h). American black bears have good eyesight and have been proven experimentally to be able to learn visual color discrimination tasks faster than

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lower altitudes tend to emerge earlier. Mature males tend to come out earliest, followed by immature males and females, and lastly mothers with cubs. Mothers with yearling cubs are seen before those with newborns.

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Barnes, V. G. and Bray, O. E. (1967) "Population characteristics and activities of black bears in Yellowstone National Park". Final report, Colorado Wildl. Res. Unit, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins; cited in

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on the flanks) occur along a portion of coastal Alaska and British Columbia. White to cream-colored American black bears occur in the coastal islands and the adjacent mainland of southwestern British Columbia.

1229:. However, it becomes increasingly fragmented or absent in other regions. Despite this, American black bears in those areas seem to have expanded their range in recent decades, such as with recent sightings in 6284: 5946:

Tøien, Øivind; Blake, John; Edgar, Dale M.; Grahn, Dennis A.; Heller, H. Craig; Barnes, Brian M. (February 18, 2011). "Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature".

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In areas where human development is relatively low, such as stretches of Canada and Alaska, American black bears tend to be found more regularly in lowland regions. In parts of northeastern Canada, especially

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The hind legs are relatively longer than those of Asian black bears. The typically small tail is 7.7–17.7 cm (3.0–7.0 in) long. The ears are small and rounded and are set well back on the head.

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directly correlate with their activity levels. The bear keeping track of the changing days allows it to awaken from hibernation at the appropriate time of year to conserve as much energy as possible.

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Adults typically range from 120 to 200 cm (47 to 79 in) in head-and-body length, and 70 to 105 cm (28 to 41 in) in shoulder height. Although they are the smallest bear species in

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Pardy, Connor K.; Wohl, Gregory R.; Ukrainetz, Philip J.; Sawers, Andrew; Boyd, Steven K.; Zernicke, Ronald F. (August 1, 2004). "Maintenance of bone mass and architecture in denning black bears (

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Svoboda, Nathan J.; Belant, Jerrold L.; Beyer, Dean E.; Duquette, Jared F.; Stricker, Heather K.; Albright, Craig A. (April 2011). "American black bear predation of an adult white-tailed deer".

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mythology, black and brown bears became enemies when Grizzly Bear Woman killed Black Bear Woman for being lazy. Black Bear Woman's children, in turn, killed Grizzly Bear Woman's children. The

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that can intimidate, using their large size and considerable strength, and if necessary dominate other predators in confrontations over carcasses. However, on occasions where they encounter

2240:, are readily caught whenever possible. Although American black bears do not often engage in active predation of other large animals for much of the year, the species will regularly prey on 1335:, that could have preyed on black bears. Although found in the largest numbers in wild, undisturbed areas and rural regions, American black bears can adapt to surviving in some numbers in 1947: 2650:

in bear hunts, as they often bolted when the bears stood their ground. In 1799, 192,000 American black bear skins were exported from Quebec. In 1822, 3,000 skins were exported from the

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Darker and slightly bigger than the other five subspecies found in British Columbia; it is most common in the north, but appears occasionally in the southern parts of Vancouver Island.

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in Canada ranges can average up to 1,000 sq mi (2,600 km), with some male bears traveling as far as 4,349 sq mi (11,260 km) at times of food shortages.

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believed that the Big Black Bear was chief among the bears of the four directions surrounding Sun's house and would pray to it in order to be granted its protection during raids.

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In one of the largest studies on regional body mass, bears in British Columbia averaged 73.7 kg (162 lb) in 89 females and 103.1 kg (227 lb) in 243 males. In

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in foraging activity, though they may actively feed at any time. Up to 85% of their diet consists of vegetation, though they tend to dig less than brown bears, eating far fewer

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He wrote that black bears were difficult to hunt by stalking, due to their habitat preferences, though they were easy to trap. Roosevelt described how, in the southern states,

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since 1937. Surveys taken in the mid-1990s found the Canadian black bear population to be between 396,000 and 476,000 in seven provinces; this estimate excludes populations in

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behavior allowed it to exploit a wider variety of foods and has been given as a reason why, of these three genera, it alone survived climate and vegetative changes through the

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crops and oak-hickory mast are also common sources of food in some sections of the northeast; small, thick swampy areas provide excellent refuge cover largely in stands of

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McCain, Stephanie; Ramsay, Ed; Kirk, Claudia (June 1, 2013). "The effects of hibernation and captivity on glucose metabolism and thyroid hormones in American black bear (

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predominate as overstory cover. Within these northern forest types are early successional areas important for American black bears, such as fields of brush, wet and dry

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McGee-Lawrence, Meghan E.; Wojda, Samantha J.; Barlow, Lindsay N.; Drummer, Thomas D.; Bunnell, Kevin; Auger, Janene; Black, Hal L.; Donahue, Seth W. (July 22, 2009).

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Approximately 10% of the population of this subspecies have white or cream-colored coats due to a recessive gene. The other 90% appear as normal-colored black bears.

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Murphy, Kerry M.; Felzien, Gregory S.; Hornocker, Maurice G.; Ruth, Toni K. (1998). "Encounter Competition between Bears and Cougars: Some Ecological Implications".

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activism over the last decade has slowed the harvest of these animals; therefore the lard from bears has not been used in recent years for the purpose of cosmetics.

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together with their paws and eat them, regardless of stings from the bees. Bears that live in northern coastal regions (especially the Pacific Coast) will fish for

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and will gnaw through trees if hives are too deeply set into the trunks for them to reach it with their paws. Once the hive is breached, the bears will scrape the

5400: 5880: 5793:"Six months of disuse during hibernation does not increase intracortical porosity or decrease cortical bone geometry, strength, or mineralization in black bear ( 5639:

Iaizzo, Paul A.; Laske, Timothy G.; Harlow, Henry J.; McCLAY, Carolyn B.; Garshelis, David L. (March 1, 2012). "Wound healing during hibernation by black bears (

5454: 581: 6683: 3769: 5588:; Stenhouse, Gordon; Pigeon, Karine; Kasworm, Wayne; Teisberg, Justin; Radandt, Thomas; Dallmann, Robert; Brown, Steven; Robbins, Charles T. (December 2016). 4204: 1896:

or garbage dumps), they may congregate and dominance hierarchies form, with the largest, most powerful males dominating the most fruitful feeding spots. They

6932: 4752: 4252: 2057:

the snow melts. During winter, American black bears consume 25–40% of their body weight. The footpads peel off while they sleep, making room for new tissue.

2637:

in chase there is much excitement, and occasionally a slight spice of danger, just enough to render it attractive; so it has always been eagerly followed.

7234: 6030: 4226: 1612:

In California, studies indicate that the average mass is 86 kg (190 lb) in adult males and 58 kg (128 lb) in adult females. Adults in

2658:

the fall and spring, and both male and female bears can be legally taken, though some provinces prohibit the hunting of females with cubs, or yearlings.

5160: 4462: 3420: 4833:

Noyce, Karen V.; Garshelis, David L. (1998). "Spring Weight Changes in Black Bears in Northcentral Minnesota: The Negative Foraging Period Revisited".

4769:

McLellan, B. N. (June 2011). "Implications of a high-energy and low-protein diet on the body composition, fitness, and competitive abilities of black (

4101: 1667:

December 2011 and scaled 376.5 kg (830 lb). The Pennsylvania state record weighed 399 kg (880 lb) and was shot in November 2010 in

946:

Has a light brown nose and shiny black fur. A white blaze on the chest is common in this subspecies. An average male weighs 136 kg (300 lb).

7089: 4690: 3833: 3804: 1904:

their bodies against trees and clawing at the bark. Annual ranges held by mature male bears tend to be very large, though there is some variation. On

762:

wherever suitable habitat is found. A large-bodied subspecies; almost all specimens have black fur. May very rarely sport a white blaze on the chest.

6916: 571:, was thought to have been the offspring of an escaped female Asian black bear and a male American black bear. In 1859, an American black bear and a 498:

to the present, American black bears seem to have shrunk in size, but this has been disputed because of problems with dating these fossil specimens.

7105: 4729: 4334: 3874: 2529:, when an emaciated bear attacked a mother and child, killing the mother and a man who intervened. The bear was shot while mauling a fourth victim. 2196:

may be consumed by the hundreds each day by a single bear during the fall. During the fall period, bears may also habitually raid the nut caches of

2028:

heart rate drops from 40 to 50 beats per minute to 8 beats per minute, and the metabolic rate can drop to a quarter of the bear's (nonhibernating)

6110: 5029: 2549:

corn. American black bears can do extensive damage in areas of the northwestern United States by stripping the bark from trees and feeding on the

2215:

The majority of the diet consists of insects, such as bees, yellow jackets, ants, beetles and their larvae. American black bears are also fond of

13616: 5347: 6517: 5003: 3685:"Phylogeographic Analyses of American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) Suggest Four Glacial Refugia and Complex Patterns of Postglacial Admixture" 1276:. The population in the United States was estimated to range between 339,000 and 465,000 in 2011, though this excludes populations from Alaska, 12376: 5558: 412: 6972: 3740:. Missoula, Montana: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Archived from 3733: 1522: 13819: 13694: 13655: 13050: 12447: 2592:

teeth of a 3-month old black bear cub came from a roasting pit, suggesting the bear cub was eaten. The surrounding charcoal was dated to the

419:

because of its widespread distribution and a large population, estimated to be twice that of all other bear species combined. Along with the

2032:. These reductions in metabolic rate and heart rate do not appear to decrease the bear's ability to heal injuries during hibernation. Their 13839: 13784: 13774: 7120: 5280: 1268:

Surveys taken from 35 states in the early 1990s indicated that American black bear populations were either stable or increasing, except in

6746: 1308:, the black bear population has dramatically increased in recent decades, from about 3,000 in the early 2000s to over 8,000 in the 2020s. 5921: 5204: 3524: 3467: 3306: 3040: 6597: 6490: 4577: 3963:

Pelton, Michael R.; Coley, Alex B.; Eason, Thomas H.; Doan Martinez; Diana L.; Pederson, Joel A.; van Manen, Frank T.; Weaver, Keith M.

3857: 2508:

The incidence of bear attacks in parks and campgrounds declined after the introduction of bear-resistant garbage cans and other reforms.

13829: 6556: 6075: 1616:

in east-central Alaska were found to average 87.3 kg (192 lb) in males and 63.4 kg (140 lb) in females, whereas on

4174: 3971: 2049:

is released into the bear's systems to suppress appetite. The retention of waste during hibernation (specifically in minerals such as

13859: 7346:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). 2184:

become the most important part of the diet in autumn and may even partially dictate the species' distribution. Favored masts such as

6053: 5845: 3899: 13590: 7309: 7065: 6309:

Franzmann, Albert W.; Schwartz, Charles C.; Peterson, Rolf O. (1980). "Moose calf mortality in summer at Kenai Peninsula, Alaska".

4364: 474:

may be the direct ancestor of the American black bear, which evolved in North America. Although Wolverton and Lyman still consider

7033: 5369: 13629: 4864: 3592: 2522: 2020:

The bears enter their dens in October and November, although in the southernmost areas of their range (i.e. Florida, Mexico, the

4816: 4304: 2406:

people of the northwest coast, mankind first learned to respect bears when a girl married the son of a black bear chieftain. In

6787: 5488: 2536:

to close human proximity and food. Of 1,028 incidents of aggressive acts toward humans, recorded from 1964 to 1976 in the

2417: 4124: 3612: 13809: 13789: 13673: 7491: 7470: 7443: 7351: 6722: 6471: 6238: 6007: 5260: 5086: 4951: 4673: 4636: 3667: 3626: 3300: 3277: 1916:

moan, huff or blow air. Warning sounds include jaw-clicking and lip-popping. In aggressive interactions, black bears produce

13634: 5092: 1859: 1458:. Important non-forested areas here are wet meadows, riparian areas, avalanche chutes, roadsides, burns, sidehill parks and 1296:

there were an estimated 25,000-35,000 black bears in 2017, making it the largest population of the species in any of the 48

7365: 3922: 3120: 1613: 1258: 7152: 5422: 4982: 1569:. They are also capable of rapidly learning to distinguish different shapes such as small triangles, circles and squares. 7546: 4071: 2537: 1625: 1301: 4549: 4484: 13794: 6172:

Mathews, N. E.; Porter, W. F. (1988). "Black bear predation on white-tailed deer neonates in the central Adirondacks".

5392: 5235: 2387: 451:

and are more closely related to each other than to the other modern species of bears. According to recent studies, the

6770: 6147: 5876: 5458: 3019:

for stews and casseroles. Keeping the fat on tends to give the meat a strong flavor. As American black bears can have

13854: 13799: 13043: 8916: 7415: 7395: 7293: 7185: 7009: 6897: 6877: 6846: 6821: 6691: 5143: 4001:

Scheick, Brian K.; McCown, Walter (May 1, 2014). "Geographic distribution of American black bears in North America".

3762: 3339: 3222: 906:

and the desert border with Mexico. Numbers unknown in Mexico but are presumed to be very low. Critically Endangered.

826:

Generally larger than its mainland counterparts with a large skull and molars and found only in a black color phase.

4200: 3154:"Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary" 1628:, adult males averaged 112 kg (247 lb) and adult females averaged 47 kg (104 lb) per one study. 2329:

predation on American black bears have been reported, though such cases may involve assaults on cubs. At least one

1398:

In the northeastern part of the range (the United States and Canada), prime habitat consists of a forest canopy of

427:), it is one of only two modern bear species not considered by the IUCN to be globally threatened with extinction. 7263: 6936: 4745: 13834: 13699: 9260: 7201:

The British Cyclopædia of Natural History: Combining a Scientific Classification of Animals, Plants, and Minerals

1602: 1598: 1222: 4899: 4882: 3546:

Schubert, B. W.; Hulbert, R. C. Jr.; MacFadden, B. J.; Searle, M.; Searle, S. (2010). "Giant short-faced bears (

7226: 3618: 2667: 2597: 2161:. As the spring temperature warms, American black bears seek new shoots of many plant species, especially new 1486:

by their smaller size, their less concave skull profiles, their shorter claws and the lack of a shoulder hump.

13824: 13779: 13751: 11478: 5156: 4434: 3439: 986: 134: 4705: 4450: 4093: 2972: 555:

American black bears are reproductively compatible with several other bear species and occasionally produce

13869: 13036: 7305: 7196: 7086: 3793: 3511: 2465: 2303: 1645: 443:; genetic studies reveal that they split from a common ancestor 5.05 million years ago (mya). American and 7055: 6913: 4282: 4040: 1265:

in northeastern Iowa, believed to be the first instance of a resident black bear in Iowa since the 1880s.

13849: 13668: 13528: 11469: 8672: 4722: 4330: 3878: 787: 13533: 330: 13814: 13804: 13506: 12934: 12590: 7513: 6957: 6102: 5484: 5033: 2577: 2021: 1360: 1344: 1198: 812: 487: 10956: 5351: 2420:

in Michigan is named after a Native American legend, where a female bear and her two cubs swam across

13582: 9795: 6524: 5007: 2295: 1897: 1668: 1664: 1632: 1582: 1151: 576: 5562: 5316: 4534: 2478:

and whose "career" lasted from the 1950s to the 1970s. The American black bear is the mascot of the

12853: 12748: 11487: 9777: 9505: 9472: 9448: 9269: 8521: 6976: 6865: 5302:

Ludlow, Jeanne C. (1976). "Observations on the Breeding of Captive Black Bears, Ursus americanus".

3741: 3090: 2585: 1905: 1297: 1214: 13686: 7483:

Ecology and Behaviour of North American Black Bears: Home Ranges, Habitat, and Social Organization

3066:

Garshelis, D. L.; Scheick, B. K.; Doan-Crider, D. L.; Beecham, J. J. & Obbard, M. E. (2017) .

2532:

The majority of attacks happened in national parks, usually near campgrounds, where the bears had

1261:

confirmed documentation of an American black bear living year-round in woodlands near the town of

848:

Colorado, Idaho, western Montana and Wyoming, eastern Washington and Oregon and northeastern Utah

194: 13864: 13086: 12515: 11496: 11227: 10920: 10855: 10237: 9813: 9286: 8808: 7539: 5276: 3355:

Wolverton, S.; Lyman, R. L. (1998). "Measuring late Quaternary Ursid diminution in the Midwest".

2651: 1352: 963: 7117: 6415: 3854: 13725: 13621: 13468: 12739: 12491: 12304: 12180: 11792: 11774: 11602: 11296: 11287: 10929: 9667: 8459: 5311: 4871:. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, page 1. Retrieved November 11, 2021. 4518: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 1807: 1593:, large males exceed the size of other bear species, except the brown bear and the polar bear. 1368: 1035: 903: 6582: 5910: 5692: 4570: 4253:"Video Shows Bear in Iowa, DNR Says it Could be State's First 'Resident' Bear Since the 1880s" 3494: 3471: 3290: 3065: 13720: 13365: 13141: 13028: 12916: 12171: 12153: 12144: 12135: 11620: 11611: 10983: 9753: 9744: 9735: 9684: 9622: 9604: 9595: 9532: 9481: 9319: 9310: 7747: 7206: 6549: 6494: 6461: 2909: 2613: 2373: 2341:", the jaguar famous for being the first jaguar seen in the United States in over a century. 2153:

than the latter species. When initially emerging from hibernation, they will seek to feed on

1989: 1976: 1364: 1202: 1183: 1109: 968: 759: 532: 515: 416: 289: 10938: 10834: 7481: 6079: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4503: 13647: 13554: 13515: 12757: 12658: 12617: 12331: 11842: 11570: 10896: 9961: 9711: 9702: 9658: 9613: 9236: 8742: 8477: 8303: 7462: 7137:

Pérez-Crespo, J.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J. E.; Johnson, R. W.; Graham, V. A. (January 1, 2016).

6048: 5956: 5368:(Press release). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. August 27, 2013. Archived from 3559: 3364: 3165: 3011:

Frank Forester's Field Sports of the United States, and British Provinces, of North America

2029: 1908:

off the coast of Washington, ranges average 5 sq mi (13 km), whereas on the

1537:

The skulls of American black bears are broad, with narrow muzzles and large jaw hinges. In

1210: 1194:. All provinces indicated stable populations of American black bears over the last decade. 1175: 1018: 932: 879:

Distinguished by its fur being silvery-gray with a blue luster found mostly on its flanks.

7108:. Denali National Park & Preserve, National Park Service. Retrieved December 21, 2012. 952: 8: 13844: 13520: 13161: 13111: 12997: 12943: 12715: 12162: 12048: 12030: 11875: 11724: 11629: 10879: 10825: 10316: 10307: 9571: 8844: 8826: 8681: 8530: 8033: 6043: 5645: 4599: 3962: 2975:

for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from

2479: 2471: 1716:, Gary Brown summarized the predominance of black or brown/blonde specimens by location: 572: 535:

while the other, more specialized North American predators became extinct. However, both

490:, greatly resemble the Asian species, though later specimens grew to sizes comparable to 142: 10067: 6550:"Probable Grizzly Bear Predation on an American Black Bear in Yellowstone National Park" 5960: 4798: 4356: 3563: 3368: 3292:

Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology

3169: 13335: 12812: 12039: 11561: 11251: 10974: 10947: 10210: 9952: 9804: 8907: 8799: 8699: 8639: 8024: 7960: 7637: 7532: 7432: 6631: 6593: 6396: 6361: 6326: 6216: 5980: 5821: 5792: 5730: 5670: 5616: 5589: 5539: 5329: 4842: 4454: 4144: 4018: 3714: 3575: 3516: 3380: 3188: 3153: 2922: 2889: 2762: 2626: 2609: 2441: 1885: 1796: 1785: 1606: 1459: 1423: 1339:

regions, as long as they contain easily accessible foods and some vegetative coverage.

923: 528: 358: 305: 189: 7227:"Black bear hunt gets final approval from Department of Environmental Protection head" 4859: 3067: 2456:

from 1915 until her death in 1934. A cub, who in the spring of 1950 was caught in the

1644:(216 lb) against the average of 65.2 kg (144 lb) in wild-land ones. In 13541: 13431: 13279: 13153: 13116: 13071: 12691: 12608: 12388: 11884: 11851: 10775: 10282: 10004: 9786: 9640: 9514: 9398: 8751: 8581: 8539: 8486: 8266: 8248: 8006: 7487: 7466: 7439: 7411: 7391: 7357: 7347: 7289: 7181: 7144: 7060: 7005: 6893: 6873: 6842: 6817: 6718: 6467: 6276: 6013: 6003: 5972: 5826: 5722: 5662: 5658: 5621: 5531: 5256: 5231: 5139: 5082: 4947: 4941: 4813: 4794: 4669: 4458: 4308: 3706: 3663: 3622: 3579: 3335: 3296: 3273: 3218: 3193: 2863: 2483: 2245: 1842: 1562: 1336: 1034:

Has relatively long, narrow and flat skull and proportionately large molars. Prefers

6400: 5984: 5674: 5543: 5480: 4148: 4022: 3718: 3520: 3384: 3001:. It was once so common an article of food in New-York as to have given the name of 404:. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. It is an 13546: 13411: 13370: 13226: 13196: 13076: 12970: 12803: 12081: 11511: 10801: 10583: 10333: 9523: 9422: 9206: 9197: 8781: 8572: 8563: 8357: 8348: 7906: 7455: 6662: 6435: 6388: 6353: 6344:

Behrend, D. F.; Sage, R. W. Jr. (1974). "Unusual feeding behavior by black bears".

6318: 6208: 6199:

Ozoga, J. J.; Clute, R. K. (1988). "Mortality rates of marked and unmarked fawns".

6181: 6139: 5964: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5773: 5734: 5712: 5704: 5654: 5611: 5601: 5523: 5321: 4894: 4786: 4446: 4136: 4010: 3696: 3567: 3506: 3372: 3183: 3173: 3085: 2646: 2596:(10,940 BP). Black bear remains also appear to be associated with early peoples in 2550: 2526: 2457: 2338: 2033: 1909: 1765: 1553: 1511: 1431: 1129: 874: 654: 568: 556: 444: 350: 2407: 13707: 13206: 13096: 12988: 12979: 12907: 12862: 12524: 12474: 12465: 12340: 12286: 12230: 12099: 12072: 11965: 11783: 11742: 11707: 11452: 10515: 10228: 10195: 10186: 9693: 9431: 8880: 8330: 8257: 8215: 7951: 7756: 7690: 7667: 7124: 7093: 6920: 6861: 6774: 5076: 4989: 4868: 4820: 4756: 4733: 4581: 4558: 3909: 3861: 3773: 3659: 3406: 2654:. In 1992, untanned, fleshed and salted hides were sold for an average of $ 165. 2558: 2557:

claw marks and is often found on the neck, back and shoulders of larger animals.

2449: 2445: 2394:, while the grizzly bear was created by the Evil Spirit. In the mythology of the 2366: 2362: 2358: 1455: 1218: 1080: 796:

Able to live in varied climates: found in temperate rain forest in the north and

673: 435:

Despite living in North America, American black bears are not closely related to

13738: 13660: 6649:

Elbroch, L. M.; Lendrum, P. E.; Allen, M. L.; Wittmer, H. U. (January 1, 2015).

5918:

Spanning the Gap – The newsletter of Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area

13451: 13254: 13201: 13101: 13081: 12961: 12880: 12682: 12429: 12322: 12295: 11348: 10965: 10565: 10429: 10112: 9649: 9631: 9562: 9173: 9164: 8766: 8727: 7681: 7593: 7341: 7140:

North American ursid (mammalia: ursidae) defaunation from Pleistocene to recent

6392: 4014: 3608: 3020: 2988: 2581: 2518: 2433: 2193: 1849: 1672: 1305: 1242: 755: 586: 266: 7388:

Hunting Trips of a Ranchman: Hunting Trips on the Prairie and in the Mountains

7178:

Hunters of the Northern Forest: Designs for Survival Among the Alaskan Kutchin

7148: 5777: 5606: 2997:

The flesh of the bear is savoury, but rather luscious, and tastes not unlike

2354: 1577: 478:

an "apparent precursor to modern black bears", it has also been placed within

13768: 13642: 13491: 13416: 13390: 13289: 13234: 13181: 13121: 13106: 13091: 12925: 12821: 12794: 12420: 12118: 12063: 11585: 11529: 11270: 10911: 10366: 9928: 9093: 9060: 8862: 8853: 8790: 8690: 8648: 8500: 8093: 6890:

They Sang for Horses: The Impact of the Horse on Navajo & Apache Folklore

5717: 4488: 3076: 3028: 2991:'s Field Sports of the United States, and British Provinces, of North America 2642: 2605: 2421: 2269:, usually young, injured, old, sickly or dead specimens, and rodents such as 2197: 2181: 2093: 2082: 1901: 1889: 1652: 1590: 1447: 1380: 1332: 1322: 1262: 1179: 843: 639: 501:

The American black bear lived during the same period as the giant and lesser

401: 162: 157: 62: 9550: 9362: 6667: 6650: 6280: 6017: 5968: 5693:"Hibernating Bears Conserve Muscle Strength and Maintain Fatigue Resistance" 3701: 3684: 3178: 1048: 885: 832: 13446: 13421: 13406: 13355: 13186: 13166: 12952: 12898: 12599: 12367: 12313: 12090: 11989: 11544: 11520: 11339: 11330: 11150: 11117: 11040: 11001: 10411: 10393: 10255: 10127: 9586: 8987: 8950: 8835: 8817: 8230: 8176: 8102: 7780: 7524: 7361: 6767: 6493:. Texas Natural Resources Server - Texas A&M University. Archived from 6133: 5976: 5830: 5726: 5691:

Lohuis, T. D.; Harlow, H. J.; Beck, T. D. I.; Iaizzo, P. A. (May 1, 2007).

5666: 5625: 5535: 3710: 3376: 3197: 3112: 2714: 2593: 2571: 2475: 2444:

refusing to shoot a black bear cub tied to a tree. The fictional character

2395: 2391: 2229: 1993: 1970:

With the exception of the rare confrontation with an adult brown bear or a

1688: 1281: 1191: 1167: 997: 868: 768: 520: 491: 7304: 5527: 3150: 2386:

Black bears feature prominently in the stories of some of North America's

2325:) in a dispute over food in Yellowstone National Park. Anecdotal cases of 1197:

The current range in the United States is constant throughout most of the

1146: 579:, but the three cubs that were born died before they reached maturity. In 13712: 13681: 13603: 13500: 13426: 13126: 12566: 11757: 11674: 11647: 11396: 11310: 11242: 11168: 11159: 11126: 11084: 11049: 10766: 10659: 10491: 10031: 9943: 9851: 9496: 9069: 8889: 8554: 8468: 8451: 8428: 8391: 8275: 8239: 8084: 7873: 7728: 7607: 5585: 5340: 4883:"Using Black Bears to Test Ideal-Free Distribution Models Experimentally" 2698: 2589: 2533: 2499: 2495: 2461: 2290: 2265:, American black bears are exceptionally carnivorous, living largely off 2201: 2134: 2120: 2110: 2103: 2089: 2014: 1828: 1755: 1617: 1557: 1507: 1187: 1105: 1087: 1028: 940: 817: 717: 448: 37: 7136: 6973:"Zoogoer Nov/Dec 2002 Sidebar: Smokey Comes to Washington by Alex Hawes" 6583:"Assessment and Update Status Report on the Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos)" 4227:"Biologists excited after black bear caught on camera in northeast Iowa" 2621: 2600:, Mexico. Native Americans increasingly utilized black bears during the 1355:. In this region, bears occasionally move to more open areas to feed on 1304:, where the population density is about two per square mile. In western 800:

shrubland in the south. Small numbers may feature cinnamon-colored fur.

13595: 13314: 13309: 13249: 13211: 13171: 12775: 12021: 11952: 11939: 11906: 11692: 11430: 11190: 10738: 10715: 10601: 10592: 10541: 10506: 10482: 10246: 10145: 10094: 10040: 10022: 9995: 9902: 9852: 9251: 9224: 9152: 9135: 8898: 8871: 8717: 8621: 8605: 8441: 8321: 8161: 7997: 7864: 7656: 7624: 7608: 7259: 6914:

https://www.nps.gov/slbe/learn/kidsyouth/the-story-of-sleeping-bear.htm

6635: 6365: 6330: 6220: 6143: 5333: 4846: 4140: 3023:, cooking temperatures need to be high in order to kill the parasites. 2846: 2676: 2662: 2453: 2437: 2205: 2177: 2061: 2042: 1956: 1878: 1660: 1640: 1483: 1293: 1273: 912: 783: 691: 658: 560: 440: 436: 420: 82: 47: 7138: 6103:"Spirit bears become 'invisible' by Jody Bourton, Earth News reporter" 2576:

The hunting of American black bears has taken place since the initial

13608: 13567: 13299: 13294: 13244: 13216: 12706: 12641: 12254: 12194: 11980: 11801: 11416: 11408: 11357: 11207: 11093: 11075: 10789: 10623: 10456: 10298: 10264: 10076: 9768: 9042: 8512: 7988: 7556: 7520:

Wildlifeinformation.org: American Black Bear Conservation Action Plan

6518:"Evidence of grizzly bear predation on a black bear in Hayden Valley" 6440: 3571: 2816: 2625:

America, thousands of bears were hunted for their meat, fat and fur.

2403: 2326: 2318: 2286: 2261:

chasing them into deep snow banks, which impeded their movements. In

2241: 2220: 2162: 1874: 1775: 1745: 1624:

are readily available) adults averaged 115 kg (254 lb). In

1478: 1454:

forest dominates much of the range of the American black bear in the

1388: 1384: 1372: 1348: 1254: 1246: 1024: 976: 797: 246: 206: 121: 87: 31: 13462: 6414:

Austin, Matthew A.; Obbard, Martyn E.; Kolenosky, George B. (1994).

6357: 6322: 6212: 6185: 5325: 4790: 1648:, Alberta, adults averaged 125 to 128 kg (276 to 282 lb). 13572: 13485: 13360: 13259: 13131: 12403: 11866: 11683: 11659: 11020: 10870: 10816: 10752: 10747: 10700: 10632: 10550: 10420: 10169: 10160: 10058: 10013: 9893: 9726: 9463: 9372: 9341: 9301: 9188: 9120: 9028: 9019: 8339: 8135: 7888: 7771: 7738: 7587: 7575: 7508: 6838: 5708: 5423:"Man Says Bear Saved Him from Mountain Lion Attack in Butte County" 3397:

Lisette Waits, David Paetkau, and Curtis Strobeck, "Overview" from

2829: 2601: 2474:

was a de-toothed and de-clawed bear who was forced to perform as a

2266: 2262: 2185: 2158: 2005: 1917: 1735: 1651:

The biggest wild American black bear ever recorded was a male from

1538: 1500: 1467: 1443: 1399: 1327: 1234: 1171: 687: 599: 502: 495: 452: 405: 397: 226: 130: 111: 107: 77: 72: 57: 52: 42: 6580: 3495:"Dispersals of Neogene Carnivorans between Asia and North America" 2521:

in Ontario. Another exceptional attack occurred in August 1997 in

1359:. At least two distinct, prime habitat types are inhabited in the 1241:, and western Nebraska. Sightings of itinerant black bears in the 13746: 13441: 13436: 13385: 13380: 13191: 13176: 12785: 12632: 12506: 12221: 11733: 11063: 10529: 10085: 10049: 9916: 9884: 9868: 9381: 9084: 8663: 8144: 8051: 7969: 7897: 7839: 7816: 7709: 5686: 5684: 5590:"The bear circadian clock doesn't 'sleep' during winter dormancy" 4123:

Hoffman, Justin D.; Wilson, Sam; Genoways, Hugh H. (April 2009).

2796: 2399: 2317:

There is at least one record of an American black bear killing a

2274: 2237: 2154: 2050: 1656: 1427: 1415: 1376: 1356: 1289: 1238: 1163: 1155: 936: 928: 732: 699: 544: 390: 92: 67: 6135:

Mule Deer Reproduction and Survival in the LaSal Mountains, Utah

5790: 2440:, was inspired to make the toy when he came across a cartoon of 1031:. The validity of this subspecies has been repeatedly disputed. 13559: 13375: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13304: 13264: 12889: 12836: 12581: 12269: 12003: 10723: 10384: 10219: 9976: 9413: 8185: 8111: 8060: 8042: 8015: 7936: 7798: 7581: 7569: 5557:

Michigan, Department of Natural Resources (November 19, 2004).

4278: 4036: 2411: 2330: 2224: 2209: 2046: 1985: 1981: 1960: 1893: 1705: 1636: 1621: 1451: 1439: 1226: 857: 821: 791: 740: 736: 703: 463: 236: 216: 13058: 7002:

Hunter and Hunted: Relationships Between Carnivores and People

6777:. Key West Aquarium (November 30, 2012). Retrieved 2012-12-20. 6651:"Nowhere to hide: pumas, black bears, and competition refuges" 5681: 5481:"Yellowstone National Park – Denning and Hibernation Behavior" 4630:"Learning and Color Discrimination in the American Black Bear" 3683:

Puckett, Emily E.; Etter, P.; Johnson, E.; Eggert, L. (2015).

3550:) in Pleistocene Florida USA, a substantial range expansion". 3545: 3421:"Aspects of Evolution and Adaptation in American Black Bears ( 2504: 2337:) has been recorded to have attacked and eaten a black bear: " 13733: 13319: 13274: 12871: 12730: 12673: 12546: 12349: 12206: 11833: 11815: 11438: 11108: 10357: 10342: 9003: 8294: 7789: 2390:. One tale tells of how the black bear was a creation of the 2254: 2233: 2216: 2189: 2170: 2150: 2013:

American black bears were once not considered true or "deep"

1683: 1528: 1510:" blaze on the chest. This white blaze, which is constant in 1435: 1419: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1285: 1277: 1269: 1206: 1039: 748: 744: 695: 662: 179: 173: 6712: 2675:, American black bears are the third most popular quarry of 1892:

in nature. However, at abundant food sources (e.g. spawning

1877:, while those living near brown bears tend to be more often 813:

Haida Gwaii black bear or Queen Charlotte Islands black bear

13284: 12245: 11141: 10466: 10402: 8075: 7807: 7665: 7332: 6262:"Factor affecting calf elk survival in north central Idaho" 5427: 5190:. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London. 4900:

10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0594:UBBTTI>2.0.CO;2

4723:"Population, Genetic and Behavioral Studies of Black Bears 4387:"As black bear population booms, state aims to slow growth" 2998: 2310: 2285:

Over much of their range, American black bears are assured

2270: 2166: 2146: 2142: 2138: 1971: 1250: 1230: 707: 394: 256: 7310:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels" 6648: 6621: 6515: 6378: 5583: 4688: 13269: 10375: 9984: 8312: 7019: 7017: 6308: 6076:"Why do Bears Like Honey [The #1 Reason They Do]" 4992:. Pocono Record. November 19, 2010. Retrieved 2013-08-19. 4814:"Characteristics of Black Bears and Grizzly Bears in YNP" 4125:"Recent occurrence of an American black bear in Nebraska" 3965:"Chapter 8. American Black Bear Conservation Action Plan" 3682: 3354: 2738: 2250: 1566: 1392: 851:

Has brown or reddish-brown fur, reminiscent of cinnamon.

6198: 5759: 2486:, where the university houses two live bears on campus. 2280: 1375:

forests. In the coastal areas of the southeast (such as

1292:, whose populations were not recorded in the survey. In 7254: 7252: 5643:) in the wild: elicitation of reduced scar formation". 5638: 4451:

10.1644/1545-1410(2001)647<0001:UA>2.0.CO;2

3614:

The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication

2200:. Also extremely important in fall are berries such as 2053:) may play a role in the bear's resistance to atrophy. 582:

The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication

7014: 5690: 3512:

10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0018:C>2.0.CO;2

1450:

and a variety of mast-producing hardwood species. The

6717:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 448. 6413: 6269:

Western Association of State Game and Fish Commission

4561:. Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved September 15, 2011. 4122: 3288: 2349: 1722:

Color variations of American black bears by location

899:

Northeastern Mexico and U.S. borderlands with Texas.

455:

is also a relatively recent split from this lineage.

11206: 8602: 7249: 5945: 6459: 6033:. National Zoo| FONZ. Retrieved September 15, 2011. 5107: 4587: 4357:"Black Bears - Great Smoky Mountains National Park" 3832:. Wildlife1.wildlifeinformation.org. Archived from 7454: 7431: 7343:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium 6768:"Key West Florida Attractions | Alligator Exhibit" 4983:"Record-busting, 879-pound bear bagged in Poconos" 4691:"Black bear monitoring in eastern interior Alaska" 4539:. Audubonguides.com. Retrieved September 15, 2011. 4175:"Early black bear sightings in southern Wisconsin" 3499:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 3409:and Bernard Peyton, IUCN/SSC Bear Specialist Group 1347:and Mexico, habitat usually consists of stands of 7224: 6814:Folklore and Legends of the North American Indian 5366:"World's oldest-known wild black bear dies at 39" 3403:Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2899: 2806: 2645:regularly hunted bears on horseback with hounds. 2553:. Livestock depredations occur mostly in spring. 513:, respectively) and the Florida spectacled bear ( 13766: 9002: 6833:Bastian, Dawn Elaine; Mitchell, Judy K. (2004). 5509: 5228:Living With Bears Handbook: Expanded 2nd Edition 5225: 5074: 4759:. Discoverlife.org. Retrieved December 20, 2012. 4571:"American black bear videos, photos and facts – 3996: 3994: 3992: 3295:. Columbia University Press. pp. 178, 252. 2180:, feeding becomes virtually the full-time task. 1601:tend to be heavier on average than those on the 1086:Considered an "Apparently Secure Subspecies" by 7298: 6832: 5250: 4881:Beckmann, Jon P.; Berger, Joel (May 30, 2003). 3654:Smith, Richard P. (2007). "Hybrid Black Bear". 2629:wrote extensively on black bear hunting in his 2543: 2513:lived in areas where the pioneers had settled. 1924: 1482:American black bears can be distinguished from 7260:"Bear Necessity? Public Approves of Bear Hunt" 6962:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.ca TV (2004) 6739:"In Yellowstone, It's a Carnivore Competition" 4880: 4832: 3877:. Province of British Columbia. Archived from 3091:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41687A45034604.en 2693:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) 1141: 413:International Union for Conservation of Nature 13044: 9866: 7707: 7540: 7048: 7026:"Black Bears—Simple Fools or Cunning Killers" 6908:National Park Service. (2020, September 10). 6485: 6483: 6171: 4943:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts & Feats 4659: 4657: 4432: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4000: 3989: 2460:, was made into the living representative of 2249:have also been recorded similarly preying on 1671:. The North American Bear Center, located in 1514:, occurs in only 25% of American black bears. 7554: 7106:"Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Bears" 7056:"Black Bear Kills Texas Woman, Canadian Man" 6237:. North American Bear Center. Archived from 5350:. North American Bear Center. Archived from 5255:. University of Toronto Press. p. 411. 5203:. North American Bear Center. Archived from 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5032:. North American Bear Center. Archived from 5006:. North American Bear Center. Archived from 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4255:. Des Moines, Iowa: WHO-TV. April 17, 2019. 4229:. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: KCRG. April 19, 2019. 3788: 3786: 3418: 3005:to one of the principal markets of the city. 2344: 2133:Generally, American black bears are largely 1818: 1659:. The record-sized American black bear from 751:. Thought to be increasing in some regions. 6715:Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation 6590:COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report 6581:COSEWIC. Canadian Wildlife Service (2002). 6343: 6167: 6165: 5908: 5843: 4094:"Black Bear hit by car in Southern Indiana" 3350: 3348: 3041:List of fatal bear attacks in North America 2620:compliment the animal for its courage. The 820:(formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands) and 13059:Game animals and shooting in North America 13051: 13037: 7727: 7547: 7533: 7306:United States Food and Drug Administration 6681: 6480: 5277:"Urban Black Bears "Live Fast, Die Young"" 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 4968:"829-pound bear takes record in N.J. hunt" 4663: 4654: 3436:Environmental Sciences Centre (Kananaskis) 1937: 1581:A cinnamon-colored American black bear in 1300:. In 2020 there were about 1,500 bears in 415:(IUCN) lists the American black bear as a 329: 151: 120: 11950: 8439: 7622: 7452: 7172: 7170: 6996: 6994: 6788:"The Return of the Great American Jaguar" 6666: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6439: 5877:"Hibernation of the Black and Brown Bear" 5846:"Daily Updates foot pads and fecal plugs" 5820: 5716: 5615: 5605: 5457:. Bear.org. July 19, 2004. Archived from 5393:"The Return of the Great American Jaguar" 5315: 5119: 4898: 4393: 3783: 3700: 3510: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3187: 3177: 3089: 2580:. The first piece of evidence dates to a 1620:in southeastern Alaska (where nutritious 1257:are common. In 2019, biologists with the 653:the Pacific Northwest coast from central 430: 10296: 7514:Ursus americanus - (American black bear) 6259: 6162: 6044:"Ursus americanus (American black bear)" 5556: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5078:Bear Attacks: Their Causes and Avoidance 4913:Silva, M., & Downing, J. A. (1995). 4768: 4736:. PhD Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno 4203:. Iowa Department of Natural Resources. 3725: 3412: 3345: 3326: 3324: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 2503: 2372: 2353: 2004: 1941: 1682: 1576: 1477: 1145: 470:, dated to 4.95 mya. This suggests that 9370: 8133: 7654: 7023: 6951: 6713:Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi (2001). 6706: 6100: 5997: 5874: 5253:The Natural History of Canadian Mammals 5061: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4584:. ARKive. Retrieved September 15, 2011. 4465:from the original on September 15, 2013 4061: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3830:"Species Variation – Editorial Comment" 3492: 3391: 3334:. Columbia University Press, New York, 3209: 3207: 2523:Liard River Hot Springs Provincial Park 2157:from winter-killed animals and newborn 1363:. American black bears in the southern 13767: 12463: 10699: 7479: 7167: 7118:"Encountering Black Bears in Arkansas" 6991: 6965: 6448: 6056:from the original on December 21, 2014 5904: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5856:from the original on November 18, 2016 5491:from the original on February 12, 2015 5301: 5283:from the original on February 23, 2011 5163:from the original on November 27, 2013 4201:"Occasional wildlife visitors to Iowa" 4104:from the original on November 20, 2018 4029: 3867: 3647: 3635:from the original on February 28, 2011 3617:. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). London: 3607: 3462: 3460: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 2309:American black bear interactions with 1506:Some individuals may develop a white " 1003:the central coast of British Columbia 13467: 13466: 13032: 11937: 11394: 10698: 9850: 8985: 8426: 7606: 7528: 7429: 7400: 7212: 7068:from the original on November 4, 2012 6935:. Library Of Congress. Archived from 6835:Handbook of Native American Mythology 6794:from the original on October 14, 2017 6463:Hunting the Grisly and Other Sketches 6131: 6094: 5927:from the original on November 8, 2012 5697:Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 5435:from the original on December 8, 2022 5403:from the original on October 23, 2016 5390: 5279:. Sciencedaily.com. October 1, 2008. 5175: 5113: 4915:CRC handbook of mammalian body masses 4689:Bertram, M. R.; Vivion M. T. (2002). 4616: 4593: 4522: 4367:from the original on December 7, 2020 3653: 3527:from the original on January 23, 2022 3321: 3227: 3135: 3123:from the original on February 3, 2007 2631:Hunting the Grisly and other sketches 2281:Interspecific predatory relationships 543:had survived several other, previous 13820:Pleistocene mammals of North America 13752:043A294C-FE47-4F5A-81F4-A4FC625CDD0A 7237:from the original on August 26, 2010 7215:, Ch. "Use of Bears and Bear Parts". 7096:. WJHG. Retrieved December 21, 2012. 6975:. Nationalzoo.si.edu. Archived from 6925: 6603:from the original on October 9, 2022 6562:from the original on October 9, 2022 6466:. ReadHowYouWant.com. pp. 33–. 6138:(MS thesis). Utah State University. 5883:from the original on August 14, 2011 5516:Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 5269: 5058:, Vol. 2, George Routledge and Sons. 4939: 4920: 4525:, Ch. "Bear Anatomy and Physiology". 4337:from the original on October 5, 2016 4285:from the original on October 4, 2011 4043:from the original on October 4, 2011 3945: 3731: 3405:, compiled by Christopher Servheen, 3332:Pleistocene mammals of North America 3330:Kurten, B., and E. Anderson (1980). 3204: 2604:, particularly in the late Holocene 2489: 1614:Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge 1259:Iowa Department of Natural Resources 13840:Quaternary mammals of North America 13785:Extant Piacenzian first appearances 13775:IUCN Red List least concern species 8917:South African small-spotted genet ( 7320:from the original on March 27, 2024 7225:Sciarrino, Robert (July 21, 2010). 6731: 6684:"Mountain Lions Versus Black Bears" 6491:"Bear Predation — Description" 5895: 5561:. State of Michigan. Archived from 5304:Bears: Their Biology and Management 5230:. PixyJack Press. pp. 215–16. 5201:"Vocalizations & Body Language" 5157:"Black Bear Biology & Behavior" 4331:"Black Bear Population Information" 4259:from the original on April 18, 2019 4233:from the original on April 24, 2019 4207:from the original on April 24, 2019 4181:from the original on April 24, 2019 3933:from the original on March 31, 2022 3810:from the original on April 20, 2017 3457: 3077:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 3052: 2538:Great Smoky Mountains National Park 1626:Great Smoky Mountains National Park 1302:Great Smoky Mountains National Park 462:is the oldest known North American 13: 13140: 7423: 7266:from the original on June 29, 2011 7155:from the original on March 3, 2024 6113:from the original on June 18, 2012 6101:Bourton, Jody (November 6, 2009). 5741:from the original on March 3, 2024 5138:. Oxford University Press, Oxford 5030:"Meet Our Bears > Honey's Page" 5001: 4487:. Americanbear.org. Archived from 4271: 3399:Genetics of the Bears of the World 3309:from the original on March 3, 2024 2350:In folklore, mythology and culture 1000:or island white bear, spirit bear 661:and inland to the tip of northern 14: 13881: 13830:Pliocene mammals of North America 9261:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 7501: 6516:Gunther, Kerry A.; Biel, Mark J. 6150:from the original on July 9, 2021 5095:from the original on May 21, 2023 4966:Stabile, Jim (December 16, 2011) 4635:. bearbiology.com. Archived from 4619:, Ch. "Behaviour and Activities". 4064:"Black bear seen in Godfrey park" 3470:. Grizzlybear.org. Archived from 2452:, a female cub that lived at the 2428: 2072: 1605:, although they typically follow 13860:Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas 8986: 7507: 7380: 7368:from the original on May 9, 2024 7278: 7218: 7190: 7130: 7111: 7099: 7080: 6910:The story of Sleeping Bear Dunes 6902: 6892:, University Press of Colorado, 6882: 6855: 6826: 6806: 6780: 6761: 6675: 6642: 6615: 6574: 6542: 6509: 6407: 6372: 6337: 6302: 6253: 6227: 6192: 6078:. August 8, 2019. Archived from 6031:"American Black Bear Fact Sheet" 5659:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00280.x 5004:"Meet Our Bears > Ted's Page" 4155:from the original on May 5, 2022 2119: 2102: 2081: 1884:American black bears tend to be 1858: 1841: 1827: 1552:American black bears are highly 1521: 1499: 1047: 985: 951: 911: 884: 856: 831: 782:the mountain ranges of southern 767: 716: 672: 638: 193: 35: 11395: 8427: 7180:, University of Chicago Press, 6888:Clark, LaVerne Harrell (2001). 6682:ELboch, M. (November 1, 2014). 6125: 6068: 6036: 6024: 5991: 5939: 5868: 5852:. Wildlife Research Institute. 5837: 5784: 5753: 5632: 5577: 5550: 5503: 5473: 5447: 5415: 5391:Grant, Richard (October 2016). 5384: 5358: 5295: 5244: 5219: 5193: 5149: 5056:The Illustrated Natural History 5048: 5022: 4995: 4976: 4960: 4907: 4874: 4853: 4826: 4805: 4762: 4739: 4715: 4682: 4622: 4564: 4542: 4528: 4477: 4379: 4349: 4323: 4297: 4245: 4219: 4193: 4167: 4116: 4086: 4055: 3915: 3893: 3848: 3822: 3756: 3738:Fire Effects Information System 3689:Molecular Biology and Evolution 3676: 3601: 3586: 3539: 3486: 3425:) and Brown and Grizzly Bears ( 1802:21% black, 79% brown or blonde 1174:; they have been extirpated on 775:Ursus americanus californiensis 616:American black bear subspecies 321: 11938: 7024:Shockey, Jim (April 1, 1999). 7004:, Cambridge University Press, 6812:Lippincott, Joshua B. (2009). 6745:. May 19, 2003. Archived from 6346:Journal of Wildlife Management 6311:Journal of Wildlife Management 6201:Journal of Wildlife Management 5875:Bennett, Bobby (Spring 2006). 5844:Rogers, Lynn; Mansfield, Sue. 5813:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.11.039 4062:DeBrock, Ron (July 19, 2021). 3289:Woodburne, Michael O. (2004). 3282: 3272:, Princeton University Press, 3105: 2668:Fairleigh Dickinson University 2000: 1812:9% black, 91% brown or blonde 1791:99% black, 1% brown or blonde 1473: 1387:), bears inhabit a mixture of 646:Ursus americanus altifrontalis 598:A bear shot in autumn 1986 in 458:A small primitive bear called 1: 8673:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 7390:, Adamant Media Corporation, 7197:Partington, Charles Frederick 6428:The Canadian Field-Naturalist 5879:. Mountain Research Station. 5188:Walker's Mammals of the World 4861:Black bears in New York State 3912:Retrieved September 15, 2011. 3046: 2381: 2009:A female and cubs hibernating 1565:and just as fast as domestic 943:(except the southern region) 606: 135:Riding Mountain National Park 13810:Mammals of the United States 13790:Hunting in the United States 12935:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 12591:North American river otter ( 11479:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 8533:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 6460:Roosevelt, Theodore (2007). 6416:"Evidence for a black bear, 2971:Percentages estimated using 2544:Livestock and crop predation 2466:United States Forest Service 1925:Reproduction and development 1646:Waterton Lakes National Park 1126:Vancouver Island black bear 735:to the Atlantic coast, from 7: 9796:Somalian slender mongoose ( 7461:. Voyageur Press. pp. 7176:Nelson, Richard K. (1986). 6174:Canadian Journal of Zoology 6132:Smith, Randall (May 1983). 5559:"Michigan Black Bear Facts" 5136:The Encyclopedia of Mammals 4779:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4721:Peacock, Elizabeth (2004). 3778:Mammal Species of the World 3034: 2703:649 kJ (155 kcal) 1426:. Along the Pacific coast, 1395:and swampy hardwood sites. 1142:Distribution and population 1122:Ursus americanus vancouveri 919:Ursus americanus floridanus 839:Ursus americanus cinnamomum 724:Ursus americanus americanus 10: 13886: 12749:Asian small-clawed otter ( 11488:American hog-nosed skunk ( 11470:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 9778:Angolan slender mongoose ( 9473:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 8522:Small-toothed palm civet ( 7406:Smith, Richard P. (2007). 7203:, Vol. 1, Orr & Smith. 7123:December 29, 2012, at the 6773:December 13, 2012, at the 6420:, killing an adult moose, 6393:10.2192/URSUS-D-10-00024.1 5485:U.S. National Park Service 5054:Wood, John George (1865). 4946:. Sterling Publishing Co. 4867:November 11, 2021, at the 4361:U.S. National Park Service 4279:"United States Population" 4015:10.2192/URSUS-D-12-00020.1 3923:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0" 3908:December 24, 2013, at the 3796:Ursus Americanus Carlottae 2578:settlement of the Americas 2569: 2565: 2493: 2022:southeastern United States 1361:Southeastern United States 1315: 1150:An American black bear at 1134: 1128: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1104: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1085: 1078: 1075: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1053: 1046: 1033: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1005: 1002: 996: 991: 984: 972: 967: 962: 959:Ursus americanus hamiltoni 957: 950: 945: 927: 922: 917: 910: 901: 898: 895: 890: 883: 878: 873: 867: 862: 855: 850: 847: 842: 837: 830: 825: 811: 808:Ursus americanus carlottae 806: 804: 795: 781: 778: 773: 766: 753: 730: 727: 722: 715: 711: 686: 683: 680:Ursus americanus amblyceps 678: 671: 667: 652: 649: 644: 637: 575:were bred together in the 550: 527:The American black bear's 488:Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania 338:American black bear range 129:An American black bear in 13795:Mammals described in 1780 13475: 13399: 13328: 13225: 13152: 13138: 13064: 12834: 12783: 12774: 12728: 12704: 12671: 12654: 12630: 12579: 12562: 12545: 12516:Saharan striped polecat ( 12504: 12487: 12446: 12401: 12384: 12375: 12366: 12267: 12243: 12219: 12202: 12193: 12116: 12061: 12019: 12002: 11978: 11961: 11946: 11933: 11905: 11864: 11831: 11814: 11755: 11705: 11672: 11655: 11646: 11583: 11542: 11509: 11497:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 11450: 11429: 11407: 11403: 11390: 11326: 11309: 11268: 11240: 11228:Mediterranean monk seal ( 11223: 11189: 11139: 11106: 11071: 11062: 11036: 11019: 11000: 10957:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 10921:South American fur seal ( 10909: 10892: 10868: 10856:South American sea lion ( 10851: 10814: 10797: 10788: 10764: 10736: 10714: 10710: 10694: 10658: 10631: 10622: 10563: 10537: 10528: 10504: 10480: 10465: 10454: 10355: 10329: 10281: 10238:South American gray fox ( 10208: 10182: 10158: 10141: 10126: 10111: 9974: 9941: 9924: 9915: 9882: 9862: 9846: 9814:Common slender mongoose ( 9766: 9724: 9680: 9584: 9558: 9549: 9494: 9461: 9444: 9411: 9394: 9361: 9340: 9299: 9287:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 9282: 9249: 9232: 9223: 9186: 9160: 9151: 9134: 9118: 9082: 9056: 9041: 9017: 8998: 8994: 8981: 8949: 8945: 8809:Crested servaline genet ( 8764: 8725: 8716: 8661: 8635: 8620: 8598: 8552: 8508: 8499: 8450: 8435: 8422: 8390: 8292: 8228: 8211: 8202: 8174: 8157: 8124: 8073: 7986: 7949: 7932: 7923: 7886: 7862: 7853: 7837: 7769: 7736: 7723: 7703: 7650: 7633: 7618: 7602: 7564: 7480:Powell, Roger A. (1997). 7453:Craighead, Lance (2000). 7284:Schuh, Dwight R. (1992). 7127:. University of Arkansas. 6816:, Abela Publishing Ltd., 5998:Furtman, Michael (1998). 5778:10.1017/S0952836904005412 5607:10.1186/s12983-016-0173-x 5226:Masterson, Linda (2016). 5134:Macdonald, D. W. (2006). 5075:Herrero, Stephen (2002). 4988:October 22, 2014, at the 4664:Scorzafava, Dick (2007). 4177:. Wisconsin Outdoorsman. 3794:"Haida Gwaii Black Bear ( 3468:"The American Black Bear" 3213:Craighead, Lance (2003). 2970: 2966: 2958: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2921: 2908: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2862: 2845: 2828: 2815: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2775: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2692: 2345:Relationships with humans 2296:Yellowstone National Park 1819:Behavior and life history 1721: 1678: 1633:Yellowstone National Park 1583:Yellowstone National Park 1367:survive in predominantly 1205:almost continuously from 1152:Grand Teton National Park 1072:Ursus americanus perniger 1055:Ursus americanus machetes 1014:Ursus americanus luteolus 993:Ursus americanus kermodei 892:Ursus americanus eremicus 864:Ursus americanus emmonsii 577:London Zoological Gardens 565:Monkeys on the Interstate 364: 357: 337: 328: 318: 313: 295: 288: 190:Scientific classification 188: 171: 149: 140: 128: 119: 23: 13855:Symbols of West Virginia 13800:Mammals of North America 12872:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 12740:African clawless otter ( 12492:African striped weasel ( 12305:Yellow-throated marten ( 12181:Formosan ferret-badger ( 11885:Western mountain coati ( 11876:Eastern mountain coati ( 11793:Western lowland olingo ( 11775:Eastern lowland olingo ( 11603:Southern spotted skunk ( 11297:Southern elephant seal ( 11288:Northern elephant seal ( 11078:Pagophilus groenlandicus 9855:("dog-like" carnivorans) 9668:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 9289:Mungotictis decemlineata 8164:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 7611:("cat-like" carnivorans) 7286:Bowhunter's Encyclopedia 7087:"Black Bear Attacks Dog" 5251:Naughton, Donna (2014). 3927:explorer.natureserve.org 3860:August 21, 2014, at the 3158:BMC Evolutionary Biology 2688:American black bear meat 2673:Bowhunter's Encyclopedia 2126:A bear feeding on a bush 1490: 1298:contiguous United States 1059:West Mexican black bear 896:East Mexican black bear 698:and the eastern half of 559:offspring. According to 12917:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 12172:Burmese ferret-badger ( 12154:Chinese ferret-badger ( 12145:Bornean ferret badger ( 12136:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 11621:Eastern spotted skunk ( 11612:Western spotted skunk ( 11342:Leptonychotes weddellii 10984:Subantarctic fur seal ( 10930:Australasian fur seal ( 9754:Black-footed mongoose ( 9736:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 9685:White-tailed mongoose ( 9623:Indian brown mongoose ( 9605:Short-tailed mongoose ( 9596:Small Indian mongoose ( 9533:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 9506:Alexander's kusimanse ( 9482:Common dwarf mongoose ( 9449:Pousargues's mongoose ( 9311:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 9270:Grandidier's mongoose ( 8524:Arctogalidia trivirgata 7748:Sunda clouded leopard ( 7438:. Lyons & Burford. 6870:Kwakiutl String Figures 5969:10.1126/science.1199435 5801:Journal of Biomechanics 4819:April 13, 2013, at the 4755:April 13, 2013, at the 4704:(69–77). Archived from 4580:April 23, 2011, at the 4281:. World Wildlife Fund. 4039:. World Wildlife Fund. 3552:Journal of Paleontology 3423:Ursus americanus Pallas 3270:Carnivores of the World 3179:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 2973:US recommendations 2682: 2679:, behind deer and elk. 1938:Longevity and mortality 1572: 1102:Dall Island black bear 1098:Ursus americanus pugnax 1036:hardwood bottom forests 964:Newfoundland black bear 739:south and east through 343: Present-day range 13835:Quaternary carnivorans 13265:Cougar (mountain lion) 13146: 12758:Congo clawless otter ( 12661:Hydrictis maculicollis 12659:Spotted-necked otter ( 12618:Southern river otter ( 12569:Pteronura brasiliensis 12332:European pine marten ( 11843:South American coati ( 11571:Palawan stink badger ( 10897:New Zealand sea lion ( 9962:Japanese raccoon dog ( 9659:Crab-eating mongoose ( 9614:Indian grey mongoose ( 9237:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 9048:(bone-crushing hyenas) 8743:Central African oyan ( 8304:Chinese mountain cat ( 7486:. Chapman & Hall. 7434:The Great Bear Almanac 7262:. Publicmind.fdu.edu. 7092:July 30, 2012, at the 6919:June 22, 2021, at the 4433:Lariviere, S. (2001). 3772:March 6, 2022, at the 3377:10.1006/qres.1998.1964 3084:: e.T41687A114251609. 3016: 2977:the National Academies 2639: 2633:, in which he stated, 2509: 2378: 2377:A tame bear on a leash 2370: 2365:, the bear from which 2304:Glacier National Parks 2010: 1963: 1955:A female with cubs in 1898:mark their territories 1808:Yosemite National Park 1714:The Great Bear Almanac 1696: 1586: 1487: 1158: 904:Big Bend National Park 779:California black bear 684:New Mexico black bear 596: 431:Taxonomy and evolution 13721:Paleobiology Database 13144: 12998:Back-striped weasel ( 12944:Black-footed ferret ( 12716:Smooth-coated otter ( 12494:Poecilogale albinucha 12163:Javan ferret-badger ( 12049:Sumatran hog badger ( 12031:Northern hog badger ( 11725:Crab-eating raccoon ( 11630:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 11351:Lobodon carcinophagus 11087:Histriophoca fasciata 10880:Australian sea lion ( 10826:California sea lion ( 10575:American black bear ( 10317:Black-backed jackal ( 10308:Side-striped jackal ( 10148:Chrysocyon brachyurus 9572:Long-nosed mongoose ( 8845:Rusty-spotted genet ( 8682:Large-spotted civet ( 8531:Sulawesi palm civet ( 8460:Owston's palm civet ( 8034:Andean mountain cat ( 7386:Roosevelt, Theodore. 6668:10.1093/beheco/aru189 6260:Schlegel, M. (1976). 6082:on September 22, 2019 5528:10.1638/2012-0146R1.1 5354:on December 17, 2010. 5186:Nowak, R. M. (1991). 4940:Wood, Gerald (1983). 4750:(Pallas); Black Bear" 4732:June 6, 2013, at the 4100:. November 19, 2018. 4037:"Canadian Population" 3702:10.1093/molbev/msv114 3268:Hunter, Luke (2011). 2995: 2781:Vitamins and minerals 2661:Currently, 28 of the 2635: 2588:, Arizona. Partially 2507: 2436:, the creator of the 2376: 2357: 2165:, wetland plants and 2088:A bear taking a dead 2008: 1954: 1686: 1580: 1481: 1365:Appalachian Mountains 1219:Rocky Mountain region 1203:Appalachian Mountains 1184:Northwest Territories 1149: 1110:Alexander Archipelago 1062:north-central Mexico 665:and British Columbia 591: 567:, a bear captured in 516:Tremarctos floridanus 417:least-concern species 385:), also known as the 13825:Pliocene carnivorans 13780:American black bears 13117:Snipe (common snipe) 13097:Ring-necked pheasant 12813:Long-tailed weasel ( 12391:Lyncodon patagonicus 12040:Greater hog badger ( 11562:Sunda stink badger ( 11252:Hawaiian monk seal ( 10975:Guadalupe fur seal ( 10948:Antarctic fur seal ( 10939:Galápagos fur seal ( 10835:Galápagos sea lion ( 9953:Common raccoon dog ( 9805:Cape gray mongoose ( 9745:Jackson's mongoose ( 9705:Paracynictis selousi 9696:Cynictis penicillata 9320:Durrell's vontsira ( 8908:Giant forest genet ( 8700:Large Indian civet ( 8640:Small Indian civet ( 8249:Sunda leopard cat ( 8025:Southern tiger cat ( 7961:African golden cat ( 7638:African palm civet ( 7430:Brown, Gary (1993). 7000:Kruuk, Hans (2002). 6939:on December 17, 2007 6749:on November 24, 2010 6290:on February 24, 2015 6049:Animal Diversity Web 5909:Becker, Jim (1993). 5594:Frontiers in Zoology 5397:Smithsonian Magazine 5207:on December 23, 2016 5036:on February 17, 2011 5010:on February 17, 2011 4887:Journal of Mammalogy 4727:in Southeast Alaska" 4711:on November 8, 2004. 4557:May 2, 2011, at the 4485:"Bears of the World" 3901:Louisiana Black Bear 3881:on December 17, 2009 3732:Ulev, Elena (2007). 3113:"Appendices | CITES" 2652:Hudson's Bay Company 2647:General Wade Hampton 2464:, the mascot of the 2253:calves in Idaho and 2030:basal metabolic rate 1750:94% black, 6% brown 1353:pinyon juniper woods 1176:Prince Edward Island 1019:Louisiana black bear 902:Most often found in 786:, north through the 466:member of the genus 13870:Fauna of California 13112:Sharp-tailed grouse 13082:Hungarian partridge 12856:M. aistoodonnivalis 12692:Hairy-nosed otter ( 12609:Neotropical otter ( 12389:Patagonian weasel ( 11852:White-nosed coati ( 11052:Cystophora cristata 11043:Erignathus barbatus 10776:Northern fur seal ( 10553:Helarctos malayanus 10189:Atelocynus microtis 9896:U. cinereoargenteus 9787:Egyptian mongoose ( 9714:Rhynchogale melleri 9712:Meller's mongoose ( 9703:Selous's mongoose ( 9687:Ichneumia albicauda 9641:Collared mongoose ( 9515:Angolan kusimanse ( 9399:Liberian mongoose ( 8752:West African oyan ( 8651:Civettictis civetta 8582:Golden palm civet ( 8540:Masked palm civet ( 8515:Arctictis binturong 8489:Hemigalus derbyanus 8487:Banded palm civet ( 8478:Hose's palm civet ( 8267:Rusty-spotted cat ( 7410:, Stackpole Books, 7288:, Stackpole Books, 7064:. August 17, 1997. 6959:A Bear Named Winnie 6872:, UBC Press, 1992, 6743:The Washington Post 6694:on November 1, 2014 6688:National Geographic 6497:on October 17, 2006 6002:. NorthWord Press. 5961:2011Sci...331..906T 5646:Integrative Zoology 4668:. Stackpole Books. 4666:Radical Bear Hunter 4642:on December 3, 2010 4536:Audubon Field Guide 3875:"Spirit Bear Facts" 3564:2010JPal...84...79S 3445:on December 3, 2010 3429:) of North America" 3369:1998QuRes..49..322W 3357:Quaternary Research 3170:2008BMCEE...8..220K 2689: 2480:University of Maine 2418:Sleeping Bear Dunes 2194:whitebark pine nuts 1865:Cub climbing a tree 1460:subalpine ridgetops 1357:prickly pear cactus 1253:, and southwestern 1132:, British Columbia 875:Southeastern Alaska 728:Eastern black bear 650:Olympic black bear 617: 573:Eurasian brown bear 377:American black bear 367:Euarctos americanus 143:Conservation status 24:American black bear 13850:Symbols of Alabama 13336:American alligator 13147: 12971:European polecat ( 12804:Colombian weasel ( 12454:(African polecats) 12082:Caucasian badger ( 12010:(Eurasian badgers) 11460:(hog-nosed skunks) 11197:("southern seals") 11096:Halichoerus grypus 11027:("northern seals") 10899:Phocarctos hookeri 10804:Eumetopias jubatus 10802:Steller sea lion ( 10584:Asian black bear ( 10334:African wild dog ( 10288:(wolf-like canids) 9565:Atilax paludinosus 9524:Common kusimanse ( 9451:Dologale dybowskii 9423:Gambian mongoose ( 9207:Western falanouc ( 9198:Eastern falanouc ( 9167:Cryptoprocta ferox 9072:Parahyaena brunnea 8827:Johnston's genet ( 8782:Abyssinian genet ( 8734:(African linsangs) 8642:Viverricula indica 8573:Brown palm civet ( 8564:Asian palm civet ( 8471:Cynogale bennettii 8462:Chrotogale owstoni 8358:European wildcat ( 8349:Black-footed cat ( 7939:Leptailurus serval 7907:Asian golden cat ( 7673:(Asiatic linsangs) 7457:Bears of the World 7408:Black Bear Hunting 6655:Behavioral Ecology 6594:Environment Canada 6144:10.26076/46d5-bbc1 6000:Black bear country 5766:Journal of Zoology 5584:Jansen, Heiko T.; 5487:. April 15, 2008. 5431:. March 29, 2012. 4548:Kronk, C. (2007). 4305:"Black Bear Facts" 4141:10.2192/08SC030R.1 3734:"Ursus americanus" 3656:Black Bear Hunting 3419:Herrero, Stephen. 3217:, Voyageur Press, 3215:Bears of the World 2948:Other constituents 2687: 2627:Theodore Roosevelt 2510: 2442:Theodore Roosevelt 2388:indigenous peoples 2379: 2371: 2257:calves in Alaska. 2178:autumn hyperphagia 2011: 1964: 1697: 1587: 1488: 1345:American Southwest 1159: 924:Florida black bear 615: 281:U. americanus 13815:Mammals of Mexico 13805:Mammals of Canada 13762: 13761: 13469:Taxon identifiers 13460: 13459: 13432:Waterfowl hunting 13280:White-tailed deer 13145:Waterfowl hunters 13026: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13018: 13017: 13014: 13013: 13010: 13009: 12989:Siberian weasel ( 12980:American ermine ( 12908:Japanese weasel ( 12863:Mountain weasel ( 12847: 12770: 12769: 12556: 12541: 12540: 12537: 12536: 12525:Striped polecat ( 12475:Marbled polecat ( 12457: 12442: 12441: 12414: 12362: 12361: 12341:Japanese marten ( 12287:American marten ( 12280: 12138:M. cucphuongensis 12129: 12112: 12111: 12100:European badger ( 12073:Japanese badger ( 12013: 11966:American badger ( 11929: 11928: 11925: 11924: 11901: 11900: 11897: 11896: 11825: 11784:Northern olingo ( 11768: 11743:Cozumel raccoon ( 11718: 11642: 11641: 11596: 11555: 11463: 11444: 11386: 11385: 11382: 11381: 11378: 11377: 11374: 11373: 11370: 11369: 11360:Ommatophoca rossi 11333:Hydrurga leptonyx 11320: 11317:(Antarctic seals) 11290:M. angustirostris 11281: 11264: 11263: 11230:Monachus monachus 11217: 11200: 11185: 11184: 11181: 11180: 11030: 11013: 10996: 10995: 10858:Otaria flavescens 10847: 10846: 10758: 10726:Odobenus rosmarus 10690: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10682: 10681: 10678: 10677: 10641: 10618: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10516:Spectacled bear ( 10474: 10450: 10449: 10446: 10445: 10442: 10441: 10290: 10277: 10276: 10196:Crab-eating fox ( 10187:Short-eared dog ( 10135: 10120: 10107: 10106: 9989: 9931:Otocyon megalotis 9875: 9842: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9694:Yellow mongoose ( 9545: 9544: 9432:Banded mongoose ( 9401:Liberiictus kuhni 9355: 9336: 9335: 9332: 9331: 9219: 9218: 9145: 9114: 9113: 9110: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9050: 9011: 8977: 8976: 8973: 8972: 8969: 8968: 8941: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8929: 8928: 8881:Servaline genet ( 8800:Bourlon's genet ( 8775: 8736: 8712: 8711: 8594: 8593: 8566:P. hermaphroditus 8418: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8386: 8385: 8382: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8331:African wildcat ( 8288: 8287: 8258:Flat-headed cat ( 8198: 8197: 7982: 7981: 7919: 7918: 7833: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7757:Clouded leopard ( 7716: 7691:Spotted linsang ( 7675: 7640:Nandinia binotata 7493:978-0-412-57990-5 7472:978-0-89658-503-4 7445:978-1-55821-210-7 7353:978-0-309-48834-1 7061:Los Angeles Times 7036:on April 30, 2011 6724:978-0-226-51696-7 6473:978-1-4250-7306-0 6241:on March 23, 2017 6009:978-1-55971-667-3 5955:(6019): 906–909. 5807:(10): 1378–1383. 5718:20.500.11919/2961 5565:on April 11, 2015 5262:978-1-4426-4483-0 5088:978-1-58574-557-9 4953:978-0-85112-235-9 4675:978-0-8117-3418-9 4443:Mammalian Species 4389:. March 27, 2023. 4311:on August 9, 2017 4074:on August 2, 2022 3744:on April 23, 2022 3669:978-0-8117-0269-0 3628:978-1-4068-4250-0 3474:on March 15, 2010 3302:978-0-231-13040-0 3278:978-0-691-15228-8 2983: 2982: 2938: 2937: 2490:Attacks on humans 2484:Baylor University 2246:white-tailed deer 1952: 1816: 1815: 1512:Asian black bears 1139: 1138: 1076:Kenai black bear 706:and southeastern 657:through northern 503:short-faced bears 445:Asian black bears 373: 372: 183: 166: 114: 13877: 13755: 13754: 13742: 13741: 13729: 13728: 13716: 13715: 13703: 13702: 13690: 13689: 13677: 13676: 13664: 13663: 13651: 13650: 13638: 13637: 13625: 13624: 13612: 13611: 13599: 13598: 13586: 13585: 13576: 13575: 13563: 13562: 13550: 13549: 13537: 13536: 13524: 13523: 13521:Ursus_americanus 13511: 13510: 13509: 13507:Ursus americanus 13496: 13495: 13494: 13477:Ursus americanus 13464: 13463: 13412:Big-game hunting 13197:Northern pintail 13053: 13046: 13039: 13030: 13029: 12962:Malayan weasel ( 12881:Steppe polecat ( 12854:Sichuan weasel ( 12846: 12845: 12841: 12781: 12780: 12718:L. perspicillata 12683:Eurasian otter ( 12560: 12559: 12555: 12554: 12550: 12461: 12460: 12456: 12455: 12451: 12430:Greater grison ( 12413: 12412: 12408: 12382: 12381: 12373: 12372: 12323:Nilgiri marten ( 12296:Pacific marten ( 12279: 12278: 12274: 12200: 12199: 12183:M. subaurantiaca 12128: 12127: 12126:(ferret-badgers) 12123: 12017: 12016: 12012: 12011: 12007: 11959: 11958: 11948: 11947: 11935: 11934: 11829: 11828: 11824: 11823: 11819: 11767: 11766: 11762: 11717: 11716: 11712: 11653: 11652: 11595: 11594: 11593:(spotted skunks) 11590: 11554: 11553: 11549: 11462: 11461: 11457: 11448: 11447: 11443: 11442: 11434: 11405: 11404: 11392: 11391: 11349:Crabeater seal ( 11324: 11323: 11319: 11318: 11314: 11280: 11279: 11278:(elephant seals) 11275: 11254:N. schauinslandi 11221: 11220: 11216: 11215: 11211: 11204: 11203: 11199: 11198: 11194: 11069: 11068: 11034: 11033: 11029: 11028: 11024: 11017: 11016: 11012: 11011: 11005: 10966:Brown fur seal ( 10941:A. galapagoensis 10828:Z. californianus 10795: 10794: 10762: 10761: 10757: 10756: 10742: 10712: 10711: 10704: 10696: 10695: 10640: 10639: 10635: 10629: 10628: 10544:Melursus ursinus 10535: 10534: 10478: 10477: 10473: 10470: 10463: 10462: 10430:Ethiopian wolf ( 10294: 10293: 10289: 10286: 10139: 10138: 10134: 10131: 10124: 10123: 10119: 10116: 10005:Blanford's fox ( 9988: 9981: 9922: 9921: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9871: 9864: 9863: 9856: 9848: 9847: 9650:Ruddy mongoose ( 9632:Javan mongoose ( 9563:Marsh mongoose ( 9556: 9555: 9535:C. platycephalus 9368: 9367: 9359: 9358: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9230: 9229: 9174:Malagasy civet ( 9158: 9157: 9149: 9148: 9144: 9139: 9132: 9131: 9127: 9054: 9053: 9049: 9046: 9015: 9014: 9010: 9007: 9000: 8999: 8996: 8995: 8983: 8982: 8947: 8946: 8774: 8771: 8735: 8732: 8723: 8722: 8633: 8632: 8629: 8618: 8617: 8613: 8600: 8599: 8506: 8505: 8448: 8447: 8437: 8436: 8424: 8423: 8218:Otocolobus manul 8209: 8208: 8131: 8130: 8007:Geoffroy's cat ( 7930: 7929: 7860: 7859: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7734: 7733: 7725: 7724: 7721: 7720: 7715: 7712: 7705: 7704: 7682:Banded linsang ( 7674: 7671: 7663: 7662: 7652: 7651: 7631: 7630: 7620: 7619: 7612: 7604: 7603: 7549: 7542: 7535: 7526: 7525: 7512:Data related to 7511: 7497: 7476: 7460: 7449: 7437: 7418: 7404: 7398: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7302: 7296: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7256: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7194: 7188: 7174: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7134: 7128: 7115: 7109: 7103: 7097: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7032:. Archived from 7021: 7012: 6998: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6979:on June 19, 2010 6969: 6963: 6955: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6929: 6923: 6906: 6900: 6886: 6880: 6862:Averkieva, Julia 6859: 6853: 6852: 6830: 6824: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6784: 6778: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6690:. Archived from 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6646: 6640: 6639: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6602: 6587: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6561: 6554: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6530:on July 26, 2011 6529: 6523:. Archived from 6522: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6487: 6478: 6477: 6457: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441:10.5962/p.356768 6418:Ursus americanus 6411: 6405: 6404: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6306: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6289: 6283:. Archived from 6266: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6235:"Animal Protein" 6231: 6225: 6224: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6180:(5): 1241–1242. 6169: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6022: 6021: 5995: 5989: 5988: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5926: 5915: 5911:"The Black Bear" 5906: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5824: 5795:Ursus americanus 5788: 5782: 5781: 5762:Ursus americanus 5757: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5720: 5688: 5679: 5678: 5641:Ursus americanus 5636: 5630: 5629: 5619: 5609: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5512:Ursus americanus 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5372:on March 4, 2016 5362: 5356: 5355: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5319: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5197: 5191: 5184: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5153: 5147: 5132: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5081:. Globe Pequot. 5072: 5059: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 4999: 4993: 4980: 4974: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4937: 4918: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4878: 4872: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4830: 4824: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4771:Ursus americanus 4766: 4760: 4748:Ursus americanus 4743: 4737: 4725:Ursus americanus 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4695: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4661: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4641: 4634: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4573:Ursus americanus 4568: 4562: 4551:Ursus americanus 4546: 4540: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4491:on April 5, 2011 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4437:Ursus americanus 4430: 4391: 4390: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4307:. Archived from 4301: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4070:. Archived from 4059: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4033: 4027: 4026: 3998: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3977:on July 23, 2011 3976: 3970:. Archived from 3969: 3960: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3919: 3913: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3871: 3865: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3836:on July 23, 2011 3826: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3809: 3802: 3790: 3781: 3765:Ursus americanus 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3704: 3695:(9): 2338–2350. 3680: 3674: 3673: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3605: 3599: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3572:10.1666/09-113.1 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3514: 3493:Qiu, Z. (2003). 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3464: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3444: 3438:. Archived from 3433: 3427:U. arctos Linne. 3416: 3410: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3352: 3343: 3328: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3286: 3280: 3266: 3225: 3211: 3202: 3201: 3191: 3181: 3148: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3093: 3070:Ursus americanus 3063: 3014: 2903: 2867: 2850: 2833: 2817:Vitamin A equiv. 2810: 2777: 2776: 2690: 2686: 2527:British Columbia 2458:Capitan Gap Fire 2448:was named after 2123: 2106: 2085: 2034:circadian rhythm 1953: 1910:Ungava Peninsula 1862: 1845: 1831: 1730:Color breakdown 1719: 1718: 1687:A white-colored 1525: 1503: 1245:of southeastern 1130:Vancouver Island 1051: 989: 955: 915: 888: 860: 835: 771: 720: 676: 655:British Columbia 642: 618: 614: 569:Sanford, Florida 393:of medium-sized 382:Ursus americanus 348: 342: 333: 301: 299:Ursus americanus 198: 197: 177: 160: 155: 154: 124: 105: 104: 34: 27:Temporal range: 21: 20: 13885: 13884: 13880: 13879: 13878: 13876: 13875: 13874: 13765: 13764: 13763: 13758: 13750: 13745: 13737: 13732: 13724: 13719: 13711: 13708:Observation.org 13706: 13698: 13693: 13685: 13680: 13672: 13667: 13659: 13654: 13646: 13641: 13633: 13628: 13620: 13615: 13607: 13602: 13594: 13589: 13581: 13579: 13571: 13566: 13558: 13553: 13545: 13540: 13532: 13527: 13519: 13514: 13505: 13504: 13499: 13490: 13489: 13484: 13471: 13461: 13456: 13395: 13324: 13255:Bison (buffalo) 13221: 13148: 13136: 13087:Prairie chicken 13060: 13057: 13027: 13006: 12982:M. richardsonii 12926:European mink ( 12843: 12842: 12840: 12830: 12822:American mink ( 12795:Amazon weasel ( 12766: 12724: 12700: 12667: 12650: 12626: 12575: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12533: 12500: 12483: 12453: 12452: 12450: 12438: 12421:Lesser grison ( 12410: 12409: 12407: 12397: 12358: 12276: 12275: 12273: 12263: 12239: 12215: 12189: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12108: 12057: 12009: 12008: 12006: 11998: 11974: 11955: 11942: 11921: 11893: 11860: 11821: 11820: 11818: 11810: 11764: 11763: 11761: 11751: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11701: 11668: 11638: 11605:S. angustifrons 11592: 11591: 11589: 11579: 11552:(stink badgers) 11551: 11550: 11548: 11538: 11530:Striped skunk ( 11505: 11499:C. semistriatus 11459: 11458: 11456: 11436: 11435: 11433: 11425: 11419:Ailurus fulgens 11399: 11366: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11305: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11260: 11236: 11213: 11212: 11210: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11177: 11135: 11102: 11058: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11009: 11007: 11006: 11004: 10992: 10905: 10888: 10864: 10843: 10810: 10784: 10751: 10746: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10737: 10732: 10706: 10702: 10674: 10654: 10637: 10636: 10610: 10559: 10524: 10500: 10471: 10469: 10459: 10438: 10367:Golden jackal ( 10351: 10325: 10287: 10285: 10273: 10204: 10198:Cerdocyon thous 10178: 10154: 10132: 10130: 10117: 10115: 10103: 10068:Rüppell's fox ( 9982: 9980: 9970: 9955:N. procyonoides 9937: 9929:Bat-eared fox ( 9911: 9876: 9872: 9858: 9854: 9822: 9807:H. pulverulenta 9762: 9720: 9676: 9643:U. semitorquata 9598:U. auropunctata 9580: 9541: 9490: 9457: 9440: 9407: 9390: 9352: 9350: 9345: 9344: 9328: 9295: 9278: 9245: 9239:Galidia elegans 9215: 9182: 9142: 9140: 9138: 9128: 9123: 9102: 9094:Spotted hyena ( 9078: 9061:Striped hyena ( 9047: 9045: 9037: 9008: 9006: 8990: 8965: 8925: 8863:Aquatic genet ( 8854:Pardine genet ( 8791:Angolan genet ( 8772: 8770: 8760: 8745:P. richardsonii 8733: 8731: 8708: 8691:Malayan civet ( 8657: 8649:African civet ( 8625: 8624: 8614: 8609: 8608: 8604: 8590: 8548: 8495: 8480:Diplogale hosei 8444: 8431: 8406: 8366: 8284: 8224: 8204: 8194: 8170: 8153: 8126: 8120: 8094:Eurasian lynx ( 8069: 7978: 7945: 7925: 7915: 7882: 7855: 7847: 7842: 7825: 7765: 7717: 7713: 7699: 7672: 7659: 7646: 7627: 7614: 7610: 7598: 7560: 7553: 7504: 7494: 7473: 7446: 7426: 7424:Further reading 7421: 7405: 7401: 7385: 7381: 7371: 7369: 7354: 7337: 7333: 7323: 7321: 7303: 7299: 7283: 7279: 7269: 7267: 7258: 7257: 7250: 7240: 7238: 7231:The Star-Ledger 7223: 7219: 7211: 7207: 7195: 7191: 7175: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7135: 7131: 7125:Wayback Machine 7116: 7112: 7104: 7100: 7094:Wayback Machine 7085: 7081: 7071: 7069: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7039: 7037: 7022: 7015: 6999: 6992: 6982: 6980: 6971: 6970: 6966: 6956: 6952: 6942: 6940: 6931: 6930: 6926: 6921:Wayback Machine 6907: 6903: 6887: 6883: 6860: 6856: 6849: 6831: 6827: 6811: 6807: 6797: 6795: 6786: 6785: 6781: 6775:Wayback Machine 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6725: 6711: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6680: 6676: 6647: 6643: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6585: 6579: 6575: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6520: 6514: 6510: 6500: 6498: 6489: 6488: 6481: 6474: 6458: 6449: 6412: 6408: 6377: 6373: 6358:10.2307/3800894 6342: 6338: 6323:10.2307/3808038 6307: 6303: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6264: 6258: 6254: 6244: 6242: 6233: 6232: 6228: 6213:10.2307/3801608 6197: 6193: 6186:10.1139/z88-179 6170: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6059: 6057: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6029: 6025: 6010: 5996: 5992: 5944: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5913: 5907: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5873: 5869: 5859: 5857: 5842: 5838: 5789: 5785: 5758: 5754: 5744: 5742: 5689: 5682: 5637: 5633: 5582: 5578: 5568: 5566: 5555: 5551: 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5461:on June 8, 2010 5453: 5452: 5448: 5438: 5436: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5389: 5385: 5375: 5373: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5326:10.2307/3872755 5317:10.1.1.552.1405 5300: 5296: 5286: 5284: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5263: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5224: 5220: 5210: 5208: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5185: 5176: 5166: 5164: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5133: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5089: 5073: 5062: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5000: 4996: 4990:Wayback Machine 4981: 4977: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4938: 4921: 4912: 4908: 4879: 4875: 4869:Wayback Machine 4858: 4854: 4831: 4827: 4821:Wayback Machine 4810: 4806: 4791:10.1139/z11-026 4773:) and grizzly ( 4767: 4763: 4757:Wayback Machine 4744: 4740: 4734:Wayback Machine 4720: 4716: 4708: 4693: 4687: 4683: 4676: 4662: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4615: 4600: 4592: 4588: 4582:Wayback Machine 4569: 4565: 4559:Wayback Machine 4547: 4543: 4533: 4529: 4521: 4504: 4494: 4492: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4431: 4394: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4314: 4312: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4288: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4210: 4208: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4121: 4117: 4107: 4105: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4077: 4075: 4068:Alton Telegraph 4060: 4056: 4046: 4044: 4035: 4034: 4030: 3999: 3990: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3961: 3946: 3936: 3934: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3910:Wayback Machine 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3862:Wayback Machine 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3792: 3791: 3784: 3774:Wayback Machine 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3730: 3726: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3660:Stackpole Books 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3629: 3621:. p. 151. 3609:Darwin, Charles 3606: 3602: 3593:"Hybrid Bears". 3591: 3587: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3491: 3487: 3477: 3475: 3466: 3465: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3431: 3417: 3413: 3407:Stephen Herrero 3401:. Chapter 3 of 3396: 3392: 3353: 3346: 3329: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3303: 3287: 3283: 3267: 3228: 3212: 3205: 3149: 3136: 3126: 3124: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3094: 3064: 3053: 3049: 3037: 3027:lard. However, 3015: 3009: 2929: 2916: 2904: 2874: 2865: 2857: 2848: 2840: 2831: 2823: 2811: 2782: 2771: 2766: 2747: 2742: 2723: 2718: 2685: 2574: 2568: 2559:Surplus killing 2546: 2502: 2492: 2446:Winnie-the-Pooh 2431: 2408:Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw 2384: 2367:Winnie-the-Pooh 2359:Harry Colebourn 2352: 2347: 2283: 2206:buffalo berries 2131: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2115: 2114: 2113: 2107: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2086: 2075: 2003: 1942: 1940: 1927: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1846: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1834:A swimming bear 1832: 1821: 1681: 1607:Bergmann's rule 1575: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1504: 1493: 1476: 1318: 1249:, northeastern 1213:, the northern 1201:and within the 1144: 1081:Kenai Peninsula 1023:Eastern Texas, 624:Scientific name 609: 594:case), ... 553: 460:Ursus abstrusus 447:are considered 433: 353: 346: 344: 340: 309: 303: 297: 284: 192: 184: 167: 156: 152: 145: 115: 103: 102: 101: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 29: 28: 25: 17: 16:Species of bear 12: 11: 5: 13883: 13873: 13872: 13867: 13865:Ursus (mammal) 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13760: 13759: 13757: 13756: 13743: 13730: 13717: 13704: 13691: 13678: 13665: 13652: 13639: 13626: 13613: 13600: 13587: 13577: 13564: 13551: 13538: 13525: 13512: 13497: 13481: 13479: 13473: 13472: 13458: 13457: 13455: 13454: 13452:Upland hunting 13449: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13409: 13403: 13401: 13397: 13396: 13394: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13338: 13332: 13330: 13326: 13325: 13323: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13231: 13229: 13223: 13222: 13220: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13158: 13156: 13150: 13149: 13139: 13137: 13135: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13072:Bobwhite quail 13068: 13066: 13062: 13061: 13056: 13055: 13048: 13041: 13033: 13024: 13023: 13020: 13019: 13016: 13015: 13012: 13011: 13008: 13007: 13005: 13004: 13000:M. strigidorsa 12995: 12986: 12977: 12968: 12959: 12953:Least weasel ( 12950: 12941: 12932: 12923: 12914: 12905: 12899:Haida ermine ( 12896: 12887: 12883:M. eversmannii 12878: 12869: 12860: 12850: 12848: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12828: 12819: 12810: 12801: 12791: 12789: 12778: 12772: 12771: 12768: 12767: 12765: 12764: 12755: 12746: 12736: 12734: 12726: 12725: 12723: 12722: 12712: 12710: 12702: 12701: 12699: 12698: 12689: 12679: 12677: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12665: 12655: 12652: 12651: 12649: 12648: 12638: 12636: 12628: 12627: 12625: 12624: 12615: 12611:L. longicaudis 12606: 12600:Marine otter ( 12597: 12587: 12585: 12577: 12576: 12574: 12573: 12563: 12557: 12543: 12542: 12539: 12538: 12535: 12534: 12532: 12531: 12522: 12512: 12510: 12502: 12501: 12499: 12498: 12488: 12485: 12484: 12482: 12481: 12471: 12469: 12458: 12444: 12443: 12440: 12439: 12437: 12436: 12427: 12417: 12415: 12399: 12398: 12396: 12395: 12385: 12379: 12370: 12364: 12363: 12360: 12359: 12357: 12356: 12347: 12338: 12329: 12320: 12314:Beech marten ( 12311: 12302: 12293: 12283: 12281: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12261: 12251: 12249: 12241: 12240: 12238: 12237: 12227: 12225: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12213: 12203: 12197: 12191: 12190: 12188: 12187: 12178: 12169: 12160: 12151: 12142: 12132: 12130: 12114: 12113: 12110: 12109: 12107: 12106: 12097: 12091:Asian badger ( 12088: 12079: 12069: 12067: 12059: 12058: 12056: 12055: 12046: 12037: 12033:A. albogularis 12027: 12025: 12014: 12000: 11999: 11997: 11996: 11990:Honey badger ( 11986: 11984: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11972: 11962: 11956: 11951: 11944: 11943: 11931: 11930: 11927: 11926: 11923: 11922: 11920: 11919: 11918: 11917: 11911: 11909: 11903: 11902: 11899: 11898: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11891: 11882: 11872: 11870: 11862: 11861: 11859: 11858: 11849: 11839: 11837: 11826: 11812: 11811: 11809: 11808: 11799: 11790: 11781: 11771: 11769: 11753: 11752: 11750: 11749: 11740: 11731: 11727:P. cancrivorus 11721: 11719: 11703: 11702: 11700: 11699: 11695:B. sumichrasti 11690: 11680: 11678: 11670: 11669: 11667: 11666: 11656: 11650: 11644: 11643: 11640: 11639: 11637: 11636: 11627: 11618: 11609: 11599: 11597: 11581: 11580: 11578: 11577: 11568: 11558: 11556: 11540: 11539: 11537: 11536: 11527: 11521:Hooded skunk ( 11517: 11515: 11507: 11506: 11504: 11503: 11494: 11485: 11476: 11466: 11464: 11445: 11427: 11426: 11424: 11423: 11413: 11411: 11401: 11400: 11388: 11387: 11384: 11383: 11380: 11379: 11376: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11364: 11355: 11346: 11340:Weddell seal ( 11337: 11331:Leopard seal ( 11327: 11321: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11303: 11294: 11284: 11282: 11266: 11265: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11258: 11248: 11246: 11238: 11237: 11235: 11234: 11224: 11218: 11201: 11187: 11186: 11183: 11182: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11166: 11157: 11151:Caspian seal ( 11147: 11145: 11137: 11136: 11134: 11133: 11124: 11118:Spotted seal ( 11114: 11112: 11104: 11103: 11101: 11100: 11091: 11082: 11072: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11056: 11047: 11041:Bearded seal ( 11037: 11031: 11014: 11010:or true seals) 11008:(earless seals 10998: 10997: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10990: 10981: 10972: 10963: 10954: 10945: 10936: 10927: 10917: 10915: 10907: 10906: 10904: 10903: 10893: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10886: 10876: 10874: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10862: 10852: 10849: 10848: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10841: 10832: 10822: 10820: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10808: 10798: 10792: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10782: 10772: 10770: 10759: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10730: 10720: 10718: 10708: 10707: 10692: 10691: 10688: 10687: 10684: 10683: 10680: 10679: 10676: 10675: 10673: 10672: 10671: 10670: 10664: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10652: 10651: 10650: 10644: 10642: 10626: 10620: 10619: 10616: 10615: 10612: 10611: 10609: 10608: 10599: 10590: 10581: 10571: 10569: 10561: 10560: 10558: 10557: 10548: 10538: 10532: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10512: 10510: 10502: 10501: 10499: 10498: 10494:A. melanoleuca 10488: 10486: 10475: 10460: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10448: 10447: 10444: 10443: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10436: 10427: 10418: 10412:Eastern wolf ( 10409: 10400: 10394:African wolf ( 10391: 10382: 10376:Domestic dog ( 10373: 10363: 10361: 10353: 10352: 10350: 10349: 10340: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10323: 10314: 10304: 10302: 10291: 10279: 10278: 10275: 10274: 10272: 10271: 10262: 10256:Sechuran fox ( 10253: 10249:L. gymnocercus 10244: 10235: 10229:Darwin's fox ( 10226: 10216: 10214: 10206: 10205: 10203: 10202: 10193: 10183: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10176: 10166: 10164: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10152: 10142: 10136: 10121: 10109: 10108: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10101: 10092: 10083: 10074: 10065: 10056: 10047: 10038: 10029: 10020: 10011: 10002: 9998:V. bengalensis 9992: 9990: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9968: 9959: 9949: 9947: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9935: 9925: 9919: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9909: 9900: 9890: 9888: 9877: 9867: 9860: 9859: 9844: 9843: 9840: 9839: 9836: 9835: 9832: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9820: 9811: 9802: 9793: 9784: 9774: 9772: 9764: 9763: 9761: 9760: 9751: 9742: 9738:B. crassicauda 9732: 9730: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9718: 9709: 9700: 9691: 9681: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9665: 9656: 9647: 9638: 9629: 9620: 9611: 9602: 9592: 9590: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9578: 9569: 9559: 9553: 9547: 9546: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9539: 9530: 9521: 9512: 9502: 9500: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9488: 9479: 9469: 9467: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9455: 9445: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9429: 9419: 9417: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9405: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9378: 9376: 9365: 9356: 9338: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9317: 9307: 9305: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9293: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9276: 9272:G. grandidieri 9267: 9257: 9255: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9243: 9233: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9217: 9216: 9214: 9213: 9204: 9194: 9192: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9171: 9161: 9155: 9146: 9129: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9112: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9090: 9088: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9076: 9067: 9057: 9051: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9035: 9025: 9023: 9012: 8992: 8991: 8979: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8971: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8962: 8961: 8955: 8953: 8943: 8942: 8939: 8938: 8935: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8923: 8914: 8905: 8896: 8887: 8878: 8869: 8860: 8851: 8842: 8836:Letaba genet ( 8833: 8824: 8818:Common genet ( 8815: 8806: 8797: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8758: 8749: 8739: 8737: 8720: 8714: 8713: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8706: 8697: 8688: 8679: 8669: 8667: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8655: 8646: 8636: 8630: 8615: 8603: 8596: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8588: 8584:P. zeylonensis 8579: 8570: 8560: 8558: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8546: 8542:Paguma larvata 8537: 8528: 8519: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8493: 8484: 8475: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8445: 8440: 8433: 8432: 8420: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8403: 8402: 8396: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8384: 8383: 8380: 8379: 8376: 8375: 8372: 8371: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8355: 8346: 8337: 8328: 8319: 8313:Domestic cat ( 8310: 8300: 8298: 8290: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8282: 8273: 8269:P. rubiginosus 8264: 8255: 8246: 8242:P. bengalensis 8236: 8234: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8216:Pallas's cat ( 8212: 8206: 8200: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8182: 8180: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8168: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8151: 8141: 8139: 8128: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8118: 8109: 8103:Iberian lynx ( 8100: 8091: 8081: 8079: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8067: 8058: 8049: 8040: 8031: 8022: 8013: 8004: 7994: 7992: 7984: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7976: 7967: 7957: 7955: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7904: 7894: 7892: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7870: 7868: 7857: 7848: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7823: 7814: 7805: 7796: 7787: 7781:Snow leopard ( 7777: 7775: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7754: 7744: 7742: 7731: 7718: 7708: 7701: 7700: 7698: 7697: 7688: 7678: 7676: 7660: 7655: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7634: 7628: 7623: 7616: 7615: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7594:Laurasiatheria 7590: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7565: 7562: 7561: 7552: 7551: 7544: 7537: 7529: 7523: 7522: 7517: 7516:at Wikispecies 7503: 7502:External links 7500: 7499: 7498: 7492: 7477: 7471: 7450: 7444: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7399: 7379: 7352: 7331: 7297: 7277: 7248: 7217: 7205: 7189: 7166: 7129: 7110: 7098: 7079: 7047: 7013: 6990: 6964: 6950: 6924: 6901: 6881: 6854: 6847: 6825: 6805: 6779: 6760: 6730: 6723: 6705: 6674: 6661:(1): 247–254. 6641: 6614: 6573: 6541: 6508: 6479: 6472: 6447: 6434:(2): 236–238. 6406: 6371: 6336: 6317:(3): 764–768. 6301: 6252: 6226: 6207:(3): 549–551. 6191: 6161: 6124: 6093: 6067: 6035: 6023: 6008: 5990: 5938: 5894: 5867: 5836: 5783: 5772:(4): 359–364. 5752: 5709:10.1086/513190 5703:(3): 257–269. 5680: 5631: 5576: 5549: 5522:(2): 324–332. 5502: 5472: 5446: 5414: 5383: 5357: 5348:"Reproduction" 5339: 5294: 5268: 5261: 5243: 5237:978-1936555611 5236: 5218: 5192: 5174: 5148: 5118: 5106: 5087: 5060: 5047: 5021: 4994: 4975: 4959: 4952: 4919: 4906: 4893:(2): 594–606. 4873: 4852: 4825: 4804: 4785:(6): 546–558. 4761: 4738: 4714: 4681: 4674: 4653: 4621: 4598: 4586: 4563: 4541: 4527: 4502: 4476: 4392: 4378: 4348: 4322: 4296: 4270: 4244: 4218: 4192: 4166: 4115: 4085: 4054: 4028: 3988: 3944: 3914: 3892: 3866: 3864:, Parks Canada 3847: 3821: 3782: 3755: 3724: 3675: 3668: 3646: 3627: 3600: 3596:messybeast.com 3585: 3548:Arctodus simus 3538: 3485: 3456: 3411: 3390: 3363:(3): 322–329. 3344: 3320: 3301: 3281: 3226: 3203: 3134: 3104: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3043: 3036: 3033: 3021:trichinellosis 3007: 2989:Frank Forester 2981: 2980: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2898: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2870: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2836: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2805: 2800: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2780: 2773: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2684: 2681: 2594:Early Holocene 2570:Main article: 2567: 2564: 2545: 2542: 2519:Algonquin Park 2491: 2488: 2434:Morris Michtom 2430: 2429:Anglo-American 2427: 2383: 2380: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2282: 2279: 2198:tree squirrels 2125: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2109:A bear with a 2108: 2101: 2100: 2099: 2087: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2073:Dietary habits 2071: 2002: 1999: 1939: 1936: 1926: 1923: 1864: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1848:Three newborn 1847: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1693:U. a. kermodei 1680: 1677: 1673:Ely, Minnesota 1574: 1571: 1527: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1505: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1475: 1472: 1448:riparian areas 1317: 1314: 1306:North Carolina 1243:Driftless Area 1143: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1084: 1077: 1074: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1052: 1044: 1043: 1032: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1001: 995: 990: 982: 981: 971: 966: 961: 956: 948: 947: 944: 926: 921: 916: 908: 907: 900: 897: 894: 889: 881: 880: 877: 872: 866: 861: 853: 852: 849: 846: 841: 836: 828: 827: 824: 815: 810: 805: 802: 801: 794: 788:Central Valley 780: 777: 772: 764: 763: 756:Eastern Canada 752: 729: 726: 721: 713: 712: 710: 702:into northern 685: 682: 677: 669: 668: 666: 651: 648: 643: 635: 634: 631: 628: 625: 622: 608: 605: 587:Charles Darwin 552: 549: 507:Arctodus simus 432: 429: 371: 370: 362: 361: 355: 354: 345: 339: 335: 334: 326: 325: 316: 315: 311: 310: 304: 293: 292: 286: 285: 278: 276: 272: 271: 264: 260: 259: 254: 250: 249: 244: 240: 239: 234: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 209: 204: 200: 199: 186: 185: 172: 169: 168: 150: 147: 146: 141: 138: 137: 126: 125: 117: 116: 98: 97: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 41: 36: 26: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13882: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13772: 13770: 13753: 13748: 13744: 13740: 13735: 13731: 13727: 13722: 13718: 13714: 13709: 13705: 13701: 13696: 13692: 13688: 13683: 13679: 13675: 13670: 13666: 13662: 13657: 13653: 13649: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13631: 13627: 13623: 13618: 13614: 13610: 13605: 13601: 13597: 13592: 13588: 13584: 13578: 13574: 13569: 13565: 13561: 13556: 13552: 13548: 13543: 13539: 13535: 13530: 13526: 13522: 13517: 13513: 13508: 13502: 13498: 13493: 13487: 13483: 13482: 13480: 13478: 13474: 13470: 13465: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13417:Bison hunting 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13404: 13402: 13398: 13392: 13391:Snowshoe hare 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13366:Gray squirrel 13364: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13333: 13331: 13327: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13290:Mountain goat 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13235:Bighorn sheep 13233: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13224: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13182:Greater scaup 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13159: 13157: 13155: 13151: 13143: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13122:Spruce grouse 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13107:Ruffed grouse 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13092:Mourning dove 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13069: 13067: 13063: 13054: 13049: 13047: 13042: 13040: 13035: 13034: 13031: 13003: 13001: 12996: 12994: 12992: 12987: 12985: 12983: 12978: 12976: 12974: 12969: 12967: 12965: 12960: 12958: 12956: 12951: 12949: 12947: 12942: 12940: 12938: 12937:M. lutreolina 12933: 12931: 12929: 12924: 12922: 12920: 12915: 12913: 12911: 12906: 12904: 12902: 12897: 12895: 12893: 12888: 12886: 12884: 12879: 12877: 12875: 12870: 12868: 12866: 12861: 12859: 12857: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12839: 12838: 12833: 12827: 12825: 12820: 12818: 12816: 12811: 12809: 12807: 12802: 12800: 12798: 12793: 12792: 12790: 12788: 12787: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12773: 12763: 12761: 12756: 12754: 12752: 12747: 12745: 12743: 12738: 12737: 12735: 12733: 12732: 12727: 12721: 12719: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12709: 12708: 12703: 12697: 12695: 12690: 12688: 12686: 12681: 12680: 12678: 12676: 12675: 12670: 12664: 12662: 12657: 12656: 12653: 12647: 12645: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12635: 12634: 12629: 12623: 12621: 12616: 12614: 12612: 12607: 12605: 12603: 12598: 12596: 12594: 12593:L. canadensis 12589: 12588: 12586: 12584: 12583: 12578: 12572: 12570: 12567:Giant otter ( 12565: 12564: 12561: 12558: 12548: 12544: 12530: 12528: 12523: 12521: 12519: 12514: 12513: 12511: 12509: 12508: 12503: 12497: 12495: 12490: 12489: 12486: 12480: 12478: 12473: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12467: 12462: 12459: 12449: 12445: 12435: 12433: 12428: 12426: 12424: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12406: 12405: 12400: 12394: 12392: 12387: 12386: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12365: 12355: 12353: 12348: 12346: 12344: 12339: 12337: 12335: 12330: 12328: 12326: 12325:M. gwatkinsii 12321: 12319: 12317: 12312: 12310: 12308: 12303: 12301: 12299: 12294: 12292: 12290: 12285: 12284: 12282: 12272: 12271: 12266: 12260: 12258: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12242: 12236: 12234: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12224: 12223: 12218: 12212: 12210: 12205: 12204: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12192: 12186: 12184: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12170: 12168: 12166: 12165:M. orientalis 12161: 12159: 12157: 12152: 12150: 12148: 12143: 12141: 12139: 12134: 12133: 12131: 12121: 12120: 12115: 12105: 12103: 12098: 12096: 12094: 12089: 12087: 12085: 12080: 12078: 12076: 12071: 12070: 12068: 12066: 12065: 12060: 12054: 12052: 12047: 12045: 12043: 12038: 12036: 12034: 12029: 12028: 12026: 12024: 12023: 12018: 12015: 12005: 12001: 11995: 11993: 11988: 11987: 11985: 11983: 11982: 11977: 11971: 11969: 11968:Taxidea taxus 11964: 11963: 11960: 11957: 11954: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11936: 11932: 11915: 11914: 11913: 11912: 11910: 11908: 11904: 11890: 11888: 11883: 11881: 11879: 11878:N. meridensis 11874: 11873: 11871: 11869: 11868: 11863: 11857: 11855: 11850: 11848: 11846: 11841: 11840: 11838: 11836: 11835: 11830: 11827: 11817: 11813: 11807: 11805: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11782: 11780: 11778: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11760: 11759: 11754: 11748: 11746: 11741: 11739: 11737: 11732: 11730: 11728: 11723: 11722: 11720: 11710: 11709: 11704: 11698: 11696: 11691: 11689: 11687: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11676: 11671: 11665: 11663: 11658: 11657: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11645: 11635: 11633: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11619: 11617: 11615: 11610: 11608: 11606: 11601: 11600: 11598: 11588: 11587: 11582: 11576: 11574: 11569: 11567: 11565: 11564:M. javanensis 11560: 11559: 11557: 11547: 11546: 11541: 11535: 11533: 11528: 11526: 11524: 11519: 11518: 11516: 11514: 11513: 11508: 11502: 11500: 11495: 11493: 11491: 11490:C. leuconotus 11486: 11484: 11482: 11481:C. humboldtii 11477: 11475: 11473: 11468: 11467: 11465: 11455: 11454: 11449: 11446: 11440: 11432: 11428: 11422: 11420: 11415: 11414: 11412: 11410: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11393: 11389: 11363: 11361: 11356: 11354: 11352: 11347: 11345: 11343: 11338: 11336: 11334: 11329: 11328: 11325: 11322: 11312: 11308: 11302: 11300: 11295: 11293: 11291: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11273: 11272: 11267: 11257: 11255: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11245: 11244: 11239: 11233: 11231: 11226: 11225: 11222: 11219: 11209: 11205: 11202: 11192: 11188: 11174: 11172: 11169:Baikal seal ( 11167: 11165: 11163: 11160:Ringed seal ( 11158: 11156: 11154: 11149: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11143: 11138: 11132: 11130: 11127:Harbor seal ( 11125: 11123: 11121: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11111: 11110: 11105: 11099: 11097: 11092: 11090: 11088: 11085:Ribbon seal ( 11083: 11081: 11079: 11074: 11073: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11061: 11055: 11053: 11050:Hooded seal ( 11048: 11046: 11044: 11039: 11038: 11035: 11032: 11022: 11018: 11015: 11003: 10999: 10989: 10987: 10986:A. tropicalis 10982: 10980: 10978: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10964: 10962: 10960: 10955: 10953: 10951: 10946: 10944: 10942: 10937: 10935: 10933: 10928: 10926: 10924: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10913: 10912:Arctocephalus 10908: 10902: 10900: 10895: 10894: 10891: 10885: 10883: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10873: 10872: 10867: 10861: 10859: 10854: 10853: 10850: 10840: 10838: 10837:Z. wollebaeki 10833: 10831: 10829: 10824: 10823: 10821: 10819: 10818: 10813: 10807: 10805: 10800: 10799: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10787: 10781: 10779: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10769: 10768: 10763: 10760: 10754: 10749: 10745:(eared seals: 10740: 10735: 10729: 10727: 10722: 10721: 10719: 10717: 10713: 10709: 10705: 10697: 10693: 10668: 10667: 10666: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10657: 10648: 10647: 10646: 10645: 10643: 10634: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10621: 10607: 10605: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10586:U. thibetanus 10582: 10580: 10578: 10577:U. americanus 10573: 10572: 10570: 10568: 10567: 10562: 10556: 10554: 10549: 10547: 10545: 10540: 10539: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10527: 10521: 10519: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10503: 10497: 10495: 10492:Giant panda ( 10490: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10484: 10479: 10476: 10468: 10464: 10461: 10458: 10453: 10435: 10433: 10428: 10426: 10424: 10419: 10417: 10415: 10410: 10408: 10406: 10401: 10399: 10397: 10392: 10390: 10388: 10383: 10381: 10379: 10378:C. familiaris 10374: 10372: 10370: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10359: 10354: 10348: 10346: 10341: 10339: 10337: 10336:Lycaon pictus 10332: 10331: 10328: 10322: 10320: 10315: 10313: 10311: 10306: 10305: 10303: 10301: 10300: 10295: 10292: 10284: 10280: 10270: 10268: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10213: 10212: 10207: 10201: 10199: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10185: 10184: 10181: 10175: 10173: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10162: 10157: 10151: 10149: 10144: 10143: 10140: 10137: 10129: 10125: 10122: 10114: 10110: 10100: 10098: 10093: 10091: 10089: 10084: 10082: 10080: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10032:Tibetan fox ( 10030: 10028: 10026: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10012: 10010: 10008: 10003: 10001: 9999: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9986: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9967: 9965: 9964:N. viverrinus 9960: 9958: 9956: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9945: 9940: 9934: 9932: 9927: 9926: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9914: 9908: 9906: 9905:U. littoralis 9901: 9899: 9897: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9886: 9881: 9878: 9870: 9865: 9861: 9857: 9849: 9845: 9819: 9817: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9803: 9801: 9799: 9794: 9792: 9790: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9780:H. flavescens 9776: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9770: 9765: 9759: 9757: 9752: 9750: 9748: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9734: 9733: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9723: 9717: 9715: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9701: 9699: 9697: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9683: 9682: 9679: 9673: 9671: 9670:U. vitticolla 9666: 9664: 9662: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9648: 9646: 9644: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9612: 9610: 9608: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9588: 9583: 9577: 9575: 9574:Xenogale naso 9570: 9568: 9566: 9561: 9560: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9548: 9538: 9536: 9531: 9529: 9527: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9498: 9493: 9487: 9485: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9466: 9465: 9460: 9454: 9452: 9447: 9446: 9443: 9437: 9435: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9410: 9404: 9402: 9397: 9396: 9393: 9387: 9385: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9374: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9360: 9357: 9348: 9347:sensu stricto 9343: 9339: 9325: 9323: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9303: 9298: 9292: 9290: 9285: 9284: 9281: 9275: 9273: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9253: 9248: 9242: 9240: 9235: 9234: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9222: 9212: 9210: 9205: 9203: 9201: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9190: 9185: 9179: 9177: 9176:Fossa fossana 9172: 9170: 9168: 9163: 9162: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9147: 9137: 9133: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9117: 9099: 9097: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9075: 9073: 9070:Brown hyena ( 9068: 9066: 9064: 9063:Hyaena hyaena 9059: 9058: 9055: 9052: 9044: 9040: 9034: 9032: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9021: 9016: 9013: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8984: 8980: 8959: 8958: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8922: 8920: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8890:Hausa genet ( 8888: 8886: 8884: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8870: 8868: 8866: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8793:G. angolensis 8789: 8787: 8785: 8784:G. abyssinica 8780: 8779: 8777: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8757: 8755: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8730: 8729: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8715: 8705: 8703: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8693:V. tangalunga 8689: 8687: 8685: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8665: 8660: 8654: 8652: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8638: 8637: 8634: 8631: 8628: 8627:sensu stricto 8623: 8619: 8616: 8612: 8607: 8601: 8597: 8587: 8585: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8557: 8556: 8551: 8545: 8543: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8501:Paradoxurinae 8498: 8492: 8490: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8476: 8474: 8472: 8469:Otter civet ( 8467: 8465: 8463: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8449: 8446: 8443: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8425: 8421: 8400: 8399: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8389: 8363: 8361: 8360:F. silvestris 8356: 8354: 8352: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8302: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8281: 8279: 8278:P. viverrinus 8276:Fishing cat ( 8274: 8272: 8270: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8251:P. javanensis 8247: 8245: 8243: 8240:Leopard cat ( 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8227: 8221: 8219: 8214: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8201: 8191: 8189: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8173: 8167: 8165: 8160: 8159: 8156: 8150: 8148: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8137: 8132: 8129: 8123: 8117: 8115: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8087:L. canadensis 8085:Canada lynx ( 8083: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8066: 8064: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7985: 7975: 7973: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7935: 7934: 7931: 7928: 7922: 7912: 7910: 7909:C. temminckii 7905: 7903: 7901: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7890: 7885: 7879: 7877: 7874:Marbled cat ( 7872: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7861: 7858: 7852: 7849: 7845: 7844:sensu stricto 7841: 7836: 7822: 7820: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7762: 7760: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7719: 7711: 7706: 7702: 7696: 7694: 7693:P. pardicolor 7689: 7687: 7685: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7670: 7669: 7664: 7661: 7658: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7641: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7629: 7626: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7605: 7601: 7595: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7583: 7579: 7577: 7573: 7571: 7567: 7566: 7563: 7558: 7550: 7545: 7543: 7538: 7536: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7521: 7518: 7515: 7510: 7506: 7505: 7495: 7489: 7485: 7484: 7478: 7474: 7468: 7464: 7459: 7458: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7436: 7435: 7428: 7427: 7417: 7416:0-8117-0269-3 7413: 7409: 7403: 7397: 7396:1-4212-6647-4 7393: 7389: 7383: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7349: 7345: 7344: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7294:0-8117-2412-3 7291: 7287: 7281: 7265: 7261: 7255: 7253: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7221: 7214: 7209: 7202: 7198: 7193: 7187: 7186:0-226-57181-5 7183: 7179: 7173: 7171: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7133: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7114: 7107: 7102: 7095: 7091: 7088: 7083: 7072:September 10, 7067: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7020: 7018: 7011: 7010:0-521-89109-4 7007: 7003: 6997: 6995: 6978: 6974: 6968: 6961: 6960: 6954: 6938: 6934: 6933:"Teddy Bears" 6928: 6922: 6918: 6915: 6911: 6905: 6899: 6898:0-87081-496-6 6895: 6891: 6885: 6879: 6878:0-7748-0432-7 6875: 6871: 6867: 6866:Sherman, Mark 6863: 6858: 6850: 6848:1-85109-533-0 6844: 6840: 6836: 6829: 6823: 6822:0-9560584-6-9 6819: 6815: 6809: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6764: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6734: 6726: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6698:September 24, 6693: 6689: 6685: 6678: 6669: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6645: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6618: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6558: 6551: 6545: 6526: 6519: 6512: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6484: 6475: 6469: 6465: 6464: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6442: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6410: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6375: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6305: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6263: 6256: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6195: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6166: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6128: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6097: 6086:September 22, 6081: 6077: 6071: 6055: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6039: 6032: 6027: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6005: 6001: 5994: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5942: 5923: 5919: 5912: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5882: 5878: 5871: 5855: 5851: 5850:Bearstudy.org 5847: 5840: 5832: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5796: 5787: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5756: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5687: 5685: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5580: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5460: 5456: 5455:"Hibernation" 5450: 5434: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5387: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5298: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5264: 5258: 5254: 5247: 5239: 5233: 5229: 5222: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5189: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5145: 5144:0-19-956799-9 5141: 5137: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5116:, p. 65. 5115: 5110: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5057: 5051: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5009: 5005: 5002:Rogers, Lyn. 4998: 4991: 4987: 4984: 4979: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4955: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4916: 4910: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4877: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4829: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4718: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4692: 4685: 4677: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4658: 4638: 4631: 4625: 4618: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4596:, p. 83. 4595: 4590: 4583: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4545: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4524: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4445:(647): 1–11. 4444: 4440: 4438: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4388: 4382: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4336: 4332: 4326: 4310: 4306: 4300: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4258: 4254: 4248: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3918: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3896: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3835: 3831: 3825: 3806: 3799: 3797: 3789: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3759: 3748:September 23, 3743: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3671: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3597: 3594: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3542: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3489: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3461: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3415: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3351: 3349: 3341: 3340:0-231-51696-7 3337: 3333: 3327: 3325: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3285: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3224: 3223:0-89658-008-3 3220: 3216: 3210: 3208: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3164:(#220): 220. 3163: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3071: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3051: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3032: 3030: 3029:animal rights 3024: 3022: 3012: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2933: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2869: 2861: 2854: 2852: 2847:Riboflavin (B 2844: 2837: 2835: 2827: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2715:Carbohydrates 2710: 2706: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2638: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2614:Mississippian 2611: 2607: 2606:upper Midwest 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2552: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2426: 2423: 2422:Lake Michigan 2419: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2375: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2335:Panthera onca 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2299: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2202:huckleberries 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2122: 2112: 2105: 2095: 2094:Hyder, Alaska 2091: 2084: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2062:physiological 2058: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2018: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1962: 1958: 1935: 1931: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1861: 1851: 1844: 1830: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1710: 1707: 1701: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665:Morris County 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653:New Brunswick 1649: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1591:North America 1584: 1579: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1530: 1524: 1513: 1509: 1508:crescent moon 1502: 1485: 1480: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381:the Carolinas 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1333:American lion 1330: 1329: 1324: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1180:New Brunswick 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1131: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1107: 1099: 1093: 1089: 1082: 1073: 1067: 1056: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1030: 1027:and southern 1026: 1020: 1015: 1009: 999: 994: 988: 983: 979: 978: 970: 965: 960: 954: 949: 942: 938: 934: 930: 925: 920: 914: 909: 905: 893: 887: 882: 876: 871:or blue bear 870: 865: 859: 854: 845: 844:Cinnamon bear 840: 834: 829: 823: 819: 816: 814: 809: 803: 799: 793: 789: 785: 776: 770: 765: 761: 757: 750: 747:and south to 746: 742: 738: 734: 725: 719: 714: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 681: 675: 670: 664: 660: 656: 647: 641: 636: 632: 629: 626: 623: 620: 619: 613: 604: 601: 595: 590: 588: 584: 583: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 522: 518: 517: 512: 508: 504: 499: 497: 493: 492:grizzly bears 489: 483: 481: 480:U. americanus 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 428: 426: 422: 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 402:North America 399: 396: 392: 388: 384: 383: 378: 369: 368: 363: 360: 356: 352: 336: 332: 327: 324: 323: 317: 312: 307: 302: 300: 294: 291: 290:Binomial name 287: 283: 282: 277: 274: 273: 270: 269: 265: 262: 261: 258: 255: 252: 251: 248: 245: 242: 241: 238: 235: 232: 231: 228: 225: 222: 221: 218: 215: 212: 211: 208: 205: 202: 201: 196: 191: 187: 181: 175: 170: 164: 159: 158:Least Concern 148: 144: 139: 136: 132: 127: 123: 118: 113: 109: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 39: 33: 22: 19: 13476: 13447:Wolf hunting 13422:Deer hunting 13407:Bear hunting 13356:Fox squirrel 13329:Other quarry 13239: 13207:Ross's goose 13187:Lesser scaup 13167:Canada goose 12999: 12990: 12981: 12972: 12963: 12954: 12945: 12936: 12927: 12918: 12909: 12900: 12891: 12882: 12873: 12864: 12855: 12835: 12823: 12814: 12805: 12796: 12784: 12759: 12750: 12741: 12729: 12717: 12705: 12694:L. sumatrana 12693: 12684: 12672: 12660: 12643: 12631: 12619: 12610: 12601: 12592: 12580: 12568: 12526: 12517: 12505: 12493: 12477:V. peregusna 12476: 12464: 12431: 12422: 12402: 12390: 12377:Lyncodontini 12368:Ictonychinae 12352:M. zibellina 12351: 12342: 12333: 12324: 12315: 12307:M. flavigula 12306: 12297: 12289:M. americana 12288: 12268: 12256: 12244: 12232: 12220: 12209:Eira barbara 12208: 12182: 12174:M. personata 12173: 12164: 12155: 12146: 12137: 12117: 12101: 12092: 12084:M. canescens 12083: 12074: 12062: 12050: 12041: 12032: 12020: 11991: 11979: 11967: 11886: 11877: 11865: 11853: 11844: 11832: 11803: 11794: 11785: 11776: 11756: 11744: 11735: 11726: 11706: 11694: 11693:Cacomistle ( 11685: 11673: 11662:Potos flavus 11661: 11631: 11622: 11613: 11604: 11584: 11572: 11563: 11543: 11531: 11522: 11510: 11498: 11489: 11480: 11471: 11451: 11418: 11359: 11350: 11341: 11332: 11298: 11289: 11269: 11253: 11241: 11229: 11214:(monk seals) 11170: 11161: 11152: 11140: 11128: 11119: 11107: 11095: 11086: 11077: 11051: 11042: 10985: 10977:A. townsendi 10976: 10967: 10959:A. philippii 10958: 10949: 10940: 10931: 10923:A. australis 10922: 10910: 10898: 10881: 10869: 10857: 10836: 10827: 10815: 10803: 10777: 10765: 10725: 10604:U. maritimus 10603: 10602:Polar bear ( 10594: 10593:Brown bear ( 10585: 10576: 10574: 10564: 10552: 10543: 10542:Sloth bear ( 10517: 10505: 10493: 10481: 10431: 10422: 10413: 10404: 10395: 10386: 10377: 10368: 10356: 10345:Cuon alpinus 10344: 10335: 10319:L. mesomelas 10318: 10309: 10297: 10266: 10257: 10248: 10247:Pampas fox ( 10239: 10230: 10221: 10209: 10197: 10188: 10172:S. venaticus 10171: 10159: 10147: 10146:Maned wolf ( 10128:Cerdocyonina 10096: 10095:Fennec fox ( 10087: 10078: 10070:V. rueppelli 10069: 10060: 10051: 10042: 10041:Arctic fox ( 10034:V. ferrilata 10033: 10024: 10023:Corsac fox ( 10015: 10006: 9997: 9996:Bengal fox ( 9975: 9963: 9954: 9942: 9930: 9904: 9903:Island fox ( 9895: 9883: 9816:H. sanguinea 9815: 9806: 9797: 9789:H. ichneumon 9788: 9779: 9767: 9755: 9746: 9737: 9725: 9713: 9704: 9695: 9686: 9669: 9660: 9651: 9642: 9633: 9624: 9616:U. edwardsii 9615: 9607:U. brachyura 9606: 9597: 9585: 9573: 9564: 9534: 9525: 9516: 9508:C. alexandri 9507: 9495: 9483: 9474: 9462: 9450: 9433: 9425:M. gambianus 9424: 9412: 9400: 9384:S. suricatta 9383: 9371: 9346: 9321: 9312: 9300: 9288: 9271: 9262: 9250: 9238: 9208: 9199: 9187: 9175: 9166: 9143:carnivorans) 9124: 9095: 9083: 9071: 9062: 9030: 9018: 8988:Herpestoidea 8951:Herpestoidea 8918: 8910:G. victoriae 8909: 8900: 8899:Cape genet ( 8891: 8883:G. servalina 8882: 8873: 8872:King genet ( 8865:G. piscivora 8864: 8855: 8846: 8837: 8829:G. johnstoni 8828: 8819: 8810: 8801: 8792: 8783: 8765: 8754:P. leightoni 8753: 8744: 8726: 8701: 8692: 8684:V. megaspila 8683: 8675:V. civettina 8674: 8662: 8650: 8641: 8626: 8610: 8583: 8574: 8565: 8553: 8541: 8532: 8523: 8514: 8488: 8479: 8470: 8461: 8359: 8350: 8342:F. margarita 8341: 8332: 8323: 8322:Jungle cat ( 8314: 8305: 8293: 8277: 8268: 8260:P. planiceps 8259: 8250: 8241: 8231:Prionailurus 8229: 8217: 8187: 8175: 8163: 8162:Jaguarundi ( 8146: 8134: 8113: 8104: 8095: 8086: 8074: 8062: 8053: 8044: 8035: 8026: 8017: 8009:L. geoffroyi 8008: 7999: 7998:Pampas cat ( 7987: 7971: 7962: 7950: 7938: 7908: 7899: 7887: 7876:P. marmorata 7875: 7863: 7843: 7818: 7809: 7800: 7791: 7782: 7770: 7758: 7749: 7737: 7692: 7683: 7666: 7639: 7592:Superorder: 7586:Infraclass: 7482: 7456: 7433: 7407: 7402: 7387: 7382: 7370:. Retrieved 7342: 7334: 7322:. Retrieved 7313: 7300: 7285: 7280: 7270:February 19, 7268:. Retrieved 7241:February 19, 7239:. Retrieved 7230: 7220: 7208: 7200: 7192: 7177: 7157:. Retrieved 7139: 7132: 7113: 7101: 7082: 7070:. Retrieved 7059: 7050: 7038:. Retrieved 7034:the original 7030:Outdoor Life 7029: 7001: 6983:February 21, 6981:. Retrieved 6977:the original 6967: 6958: 6953: 6943:December 10, 6941:. Retrieved 6937:the original 6927: 6909: 6904: 6889: 6884: 6869: 6857: 6834: 6828: 6813: 6808: 6796:. Retrieved 6782: 6763: 6753:February 21, 6751:. Retrieved 6747:the original 6742: 6733: 6714: 6708: 6696:. Retrieved 6692:the original 6687: 6677: 6658: 6654: 6644: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6605:. Retrieved 6589: 6576: 6566:February 21, 6564:. Retrieved 6544: 6534:February 21, 6532:. Retrieved 6525:the original 6511: 6501:November 24, 6499:. 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Retrieved 4273: 4261:. Retrieved 4247: 4235:. Retrieved 4221: 4209:. Retrieved 4195: 4183:. Retrieved 4169: 4157:. Retrieved 4135:(1): 69–72. 4132: 4128: 4118: 4108:November 19, 4106:. Retrieved 4097: 4088: 4076:. Retrieved 4072:the original 4067: 4057: 4045:. Retrieved 4031: 4006: 4002: 3981:February 21, 3979:. Retrieved 3972:the original 3935:. Retrieved 3926: 3917: 3900: 3895: 3883:. Retrieved 3879:the original 3869: 3855:"Black Bear" 3850: 3840:February 21, 3838:. Retrieved 3834:the original 3824: 3814:February 21, 3812:. Retrieved 3798:Subspecies)" 3795: 3777: 3764: 3758: 3746:. Retrieved 3742:the original 3737: 3727: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3655: 3649: 3639:December 23, 3637:. Retrieved 3613: 3603: 3595: 3588: 3558:(1): 79–87. 3555: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3529:. Retrieved 3502: 3498: 3488: 3478:February 21, 3476:. Retrieved 3472:the original 3449:February 21, 3447:. Retrieved 3440:the original 3435: 3426: 3422: 3414: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3360: 3356: 3331: 3313:November 22, 3311:. 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Retrieved 3081: 3075: 3069: 3025: 3017: 3010: 3002: 2996: 2987: 2984: 2952: 2947: 2900: 2895: 2888: 2807: 2802: 2795: 2761: 2737: 2713: 2672: 2660: 2656: 2640: 2636: 2630: 2618: 2586:Lehner Ranch 2575: 2572:Bear hunting 2555: 2547: 2531: 2515: 2511: 2476:pro wrestler 2472:Terrible Ted 2470: 2432: 2416: 2392:Great Spirit 2385: 2369:got his name 2334: 2322: 2316: 2308: 2300: 2284: 2259: 2214: 2175: 2132: 2067: 2060:Many of the 2059: 2055: 2039: 2026: 2019: 2012: 1994:golden eagle 1969: 1965: 1932: 1928: 1914: 1883: 1871: 1713: 1712:In his book 1711: 1702: 1698: 1692: 1689:Kermode bear 1663:was shot in 1650: 1630: 1611: 1595: 1588: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1536: 1464: 1432:Sitka spruce 1397: 1341: 1326: 1319: 1310: 1282:South Dakota 1267: 1209:to northern 1196: 1192:Saskatchewan 1168:Saskatchewan 1160: 1121: 1097: 1071: 1054: 1042:as habitat. 1013: 998:Kermode bear 992: 975: 969:Newfoundland 958: 918: 891: 869:Glacier bear 863: 838: 807: 790:to southern 774: 760:eastern U.S. 723: 679: 645: 633:Description 630:Distribution 610: 597: 592: 580: 564: 554: 540: 536: 533:last Ice Age 526: 514: 511:A. pristinus 510: 506: 500: 484: 479: 476:U. vitabilis 475: 472:U. abstrusus 471: 467: 459: 457: 434: 425:Ursus arctos 424: 410: 386: 381: 380: 376: 374: 366: 365: 319: 298: 296: 280: 279: 267: 18: 13682:NatureServe 13604:iNaturalist 13501:Wikispecies 13427:Fox hunting 12991:M. sibirica 12973:M. putorius 12946:M. nigripes 12928:M. lutreola 12901:M. haidarum 12797:N. africana 12760:A. congicus 12751:A. cinereus 12742:A. capensis 12642:Sea otter ( 12620:L. provocax 12527:I. striatus 12448:Ictonychini 12343:M. melampus 12255:Wolverine ( 12233:P. pennanti 12156:M. moschata 12147:M. everetti 12093:M. leucurus 12051:A. hoevenii 12042:A. collaris 11992:M. capensis 11887:N. olivacea 11802:Olinguito ( 11758:Bassaricyon 11745:P. pygmaeus 11675:Bassariscus 11648:Procyonidae 11623:S. putorius 11614:S. gracilis 11532:M. mephitis 11523:M. macroura 11417:Red panda ( 11397:Musteloidea 11358:Ross seal ( 11311:Lobodontini 11243:Neomonachus 11171:P. sibirica 11129:P. vitulina 11094:Grey seal ( 11076:Harp seal ( 10968:A. pusillus 10932:A. forsteri 10767:Callorhinus 10701:Pinnipedia 10660:Musteloidea 10432:C. simensis 10396:C. lupaster 10265:Hoary fox ( 10258:L. sechurae 10231:L. fulvipes 10222:L. culpaeus 10118:(true dogs) 10077:Swift fox ( 10052:V. macrotis 9944:Nyctereutes 9853:Caniformia 9798:H. ochracea 9756:B. nigripes 9747:B. jacksoni 9634:U. javanica 9551:Herpestinae 9526:C. obscurus 9517:C. ansorgei 9497:Crossarchus 9353:(mongooses) 9342:Herpestidae 9322:S. durrelli 9313:S. concolor 9263:G. fasciata 9200:E. goudotii 9121:Herpestidae 9031:P. cristata 8892:G. thierryi 8847:G. maculata 8811:G. cristata 8802:G. bourloni 8555:Paradoxurus 8513:Binturong ( 8452:Hemigalinae 8429:Viverroidea 8392:Viverroidea 8351:F. nigripes 8203:Leopard cat 8188:P. concolor 8105:L. pardinus 8054:L. tigrinus 8045:L. pardalis 8036:L. jacobita 8027:L. guttulus 8000:L. colocola 7759:N. nebulosa 7729:Pantherinae 7609:Feliformia 7040:October 20, 6422:Alces alces 6281:10006692813 6275:: 342–355. 5407:October 20, 4841:: 521–531. 4315:December 2, 3885:December 3, 3619:John Murray 3127:January 14, 3003:Bear Market 2830:Thiamine (B 2663:U.S. states 2582:Clovis site 2500:Bear danger 2496:Bear attack 2462:Smokey Bear 2311:gray wolves 2176:During the 2135:crepuscular 2111:pink salmon 2090:chum salmon 2015:hibernators 2001:Hibernation 1906:Long Island 1886:territorial 1780:100% black 1770:100% black 1760:100% black 1756:New England 1740:100% black 1669:Pike County 1618:Kuiu Island 1563:chimpanzees 1558:sure-footed 1484:brown bears 1474:Description 1424:white cedar 1369:oak-hickory 1237:, southern 1188:Nova Scotia 1106:Dall Island 1088:NatureServe 1029:Mississippi 941:Mississippi 931:, southern 818:Haida Gwaii 627:Common name 521:tremarctine 494:. From the 449:sister taxa 441:polar bears 437:brown bears 314:Subspecies 176:Appendix II 30:2.6–0 13845:Scavengers 13769:Categories 13315:Polar bear 13310:Dall sheep 13250:Brown bear 13240:Black bear 13212:Snow goose 13172:Canvasback 13162:Black duck 13065:Game birds 12964:M. nudipes 12955:M. nivalis 12919:M. kathiah 12874:M. erminea 12865:M. altaica 12815:N. frenata 12806:N. felipei 12776:Mustelinae 12518:I. libycus 12432:G. vittata 12298:M. caurina 12075:M. anakuma 11953:Mustelidae 11940:Mustelidae 11916:see below↓ 11907:Mustelidae 11804:B. neblina 11715:(raccoons) 11686:B. astutus 11684:Ringtail ( 11660:Kinkajou ( 11632:S. pygmaea 11573:M. marchei 11431:Mephitidae 11299:M. leonina 11191:Monachinae 11162:P. hispida 11153:P. caspica 10950:A. gazella 10882:N. cinerea 10778:C. ursinus 10716:Odobenidae 10669:see below↓ 10649:see below↓ 10633:Pinnipedia 10551:Sun bear ( 10518:T. ornatus 10507:Tremarctos 10483:Ailuropoda 10421:Red wolf ( 10387:C. latrans 10310:L. adustus 10267:L. vetulus 10240:L. griseus 10170:Bush dog ( 10061:V. pallida 10059:Pale fox ( 10043:V. lagopus 10014:Cape fox ( 9894:Gray fox ( 9652:U. smithii 9484:H. parvula 9475:H. hirtula 9363:Mungotinae 9252:Galidictis 9225:Galidiinae 9153:Euplerinae 9136:Eupleridae 9125:sensu lato 9096:C. crocuta 9029:Aardwolf ( 8960:see below↓ 8901:G. tigrina 8874:G. poensis 8856:G. pardina 8838:G. letabae 8820:G. genetta 8718:Genettinae 8702:V. zibetha 8622:Viverrinae 8611:sensu lato 8606:Viverrinae 8575:P. jerdoni 8442:Viverridae 8401:see below↓ 8340:Sand cat ( 8147:A. jubatus 7972:C. caracal 7865:Pardofelis 7684:P. linsang 7625:Feliformia 7213:Brown 1993 7149:1227719621 6798:August 26, 6352:(3): 570. 5376:January 4, 5114:Brown 1993 4799:A268310385 4777:) bears". 4617:Brown 1993 4594:Brown 1993 4523:Brown 1993 4289:August 31, 4263:August 16, 4047:August 31, 3047:References 2923:Phosphorus 2677:bowhunters 2616:cultures. 2534:habituated 2494:See also: 2454:London Zoo 2438:teddy bear 2382:Indigenous 2287:scavengers 2221:honeycombs 2190:oak acorns 2182:Hard masts 2043:fecal plug 1957:Parc Omega 1890:gregarious 1797:Washington 1788:(coastal) 1786:Washington 1661:New Jersey 1641:Lake Tahoe 1603:West Coast 1599:East Coast 1585:, the U.S. 1452:spruce-fir 1416:coniferous 1373:mesophytic 1371:and mixed 1337:peri-urban 1294:California 1274:New Mexico 1223:West Coast 784:California 754:Common to 694:, western 692:New Mexico 659:California 607:Subspecies 561:Jack Hanna 541:Tremarctos 529:generalist 421:brown bear 387:black bear 351:Extirpated 13300:Pronghorn 13295:Mule deer 13245:Razorback 13217:Wood duck 13154:Waterfowl 13102:Ptarmigan 12910:M. itatsi 12844:(weasels) 12707:Lutrogale 12644:E. lutris 12602:L. felina 12411:(grisons) 12334:M. martes 12277:(martens) 12195:Guloninae 11981:Mellivora 11854:N. narica 11795:B. medius 11786:B. gabbii 11777:B. alleni 11765:(olingos) 11734:Raccoon ( 11586:Spilogale 11472:C. chinga 11453:Conepatus 11409:Ailuridae 11208:Monachini 11120:P. largha 10790:Otariinae 10753:sea lions 10748:fur seals 10739:Otariidae 10624:Mustelida 10595:U. arctos 10457:Arctoidea 10414:C. lycaon 10369:C. aureus 10299:Lupulella 10211:Lycalopex 10088:V. vulpes 10086:Red fox ( 10050:Kit fox ( 10025:V. corsac 9769:Herpestes 9382:Meerkat ( 9141:(Malagasy 9043:Hyaeninae 9004:Hyaenidae 8919:G. felina 8333:F. lybica 8145:Cheetah ( 8063:L. wiedii 8052:Oncilla ( 8018:L. guigna 7989:Leopardus 7970:Caracal ( 7963:C. aurata 7898:Bay cat ( 7819:P. pardus 7817:Leopard ( 7792:P. tigris 7750:N. diardi 7668:Prionodon 7568:Kingdom: 7557:Carnivora 7324:March 28, 6630:: 55–60. 6245:March 22, 6060:March 24, 5797:) femurs" 5600:(1): 42. 5312:CiteSeerX 5310:: 65–69. 4823:. nps.gov 4459:198968922 4237:April 24, 4211:April 24, 4185:April 24, 4078:August 2, 4009:(1): 24. 3937:March 31, 3780:, 3rd ed. 3580:131532424 3505:: 18–31. 3117:cites.org 2864:Niacin (B 2598:Tlapacoya 2404:Tsimshian 2327:alligator 2323:Gulo gulo 2319:wolverine 2186:hazelnuts 2159:ungulates 1972:gray wolf 1875:nocturnal 1799:(inland) 1776:Tennessee 1746:Minnesota 1727:Location 1554:dexterous 1444:tidelands 1418:species. 1400:hardwoods 1389:flatwoods 1385:Louisiana 1349:chaparral 1255:Wisconsin 1247:Minnesota 1199:Northeast 1112:, Alaska 1083:, Alaska 1025:Louisiana 980:species. 977:Vaccinium 798:chaparral 519:). These 275:Species: 247:Carnivora 213:Kingdom: 207:Eukaryota 13734:Species+ 13687:2.100661 13674:14000953 13622:11202564 13486:Wikidata 13400:See also 13361:Gray fox 13227:Big game 13132:Woodcock 12890:Ferret ( 12824:N. vison 12685:L. lutra 12553:(otters) 12547:Lutrinae 12404:Galictis 12316:M. foina 12231:Fisher ( 12119:Melogale 12102:M. meles 12022:Arctonyx 11867:Nasuella 11845:N. nasua 11822:(coatis) 11736:P. lotor 11512:Mephitis 11271:Mirounga 11021:Phocinae 11002:Phocidae 10871:Neophoca 10817:Zalophus 10724:Walrus ( 10423:C. rufus 10405:C. lupus 10385:Coyote ( 10220:Culpeo ( 10161:Speothos 10097:V. zerda 10079:V. velox 10016:V. chama 9727:Bdeogale 9625:U. fusca 9464:Helogale 9434:M. mungo 9373:Suricata 9302:Salanoia 9209:E. major 9189:Eupleres 9020:Proteles 9009:(hyenas) 8773:(genets) 8324:F. chaus 8315:F. catus 8306:F. bieti 8186:Cougar ( 8136:Acinonyx 8114:L. rufus 8112:Bobcat ( 8061:Margay ( 8043:Ocelot ( 8016:Kodkod ( 7937:Serval ( 7900:C. badia 7889:Catopuma 7799:Jaguar ( 7783:P. uncia 7772:Panthera 7739:Neofelis 7657:Feloidea 7588:Eutheria 7582:Mammalia 7576:Chordata 7574:Phylum: 7570:Animalia 7372:June 21, 7366:Archived 7362:30844154 7318:Archived 7308:(2024). 7264:Archived 7235:Archived 7199:(1835). 7159:March 2, 7153:Archived 7121:Archived 7090:Archived 7066:Archived 6917:Archived 6839:ABC-CLIO 6792:Archived 6771:Archived 6607:April 8, 6598:Archived 6557:Archived 6401:54910723 6148:Archived 6111:Archived 6107:BBC News 6054:Archived 6018:38542528 5985:20829847 5977:21330544 5922:Archived 5881:Archived 5854:Archived 5831:19450804 5745:June 19, 5739:Archived 5727:17390282 5675:38880222 5667:22405448 5626:27660641 5569:April 5, 5544:21582518 5536:23805551 5489:Archived 5433:Archived 5401:Archived 5281:Archived 5161:Archived 5093:Archived 4986:Archived 4865:Archived 4817:Archived 4753:Archived 4730:Archived 4578:Archived 4555:Archived 4463:Archived 4365:Archived 4335:Archived 4283:Archived 4257:Archived 4231:Archived 4205:Archived 4179:Archived 4153:Archived 4149:84359190 4102:Archived 4098:Giant FM 4041:Archived 4023:83706088 3931:Archived 3906:Archived 3858:Archived 3805:Archived 3770:Archived 3719:25207563 3711:25989983 3633:Archived 3611:(1868). 3531:June 25, 3525:Archived 3521:88183435 3385:13028298 3307:Archived 3198:18662376 3121:Archived 3035:See also 3013:, p. 186 3008:— 2953:Quantity 2896:Quantity 2890:Minerals 2875:3.200 mg 2858:0.680 mg 2841:0.160 mg 2803:Quantity 2797:Vitamins 2643:planters 2610:Hopewell 2608:, e.g., 2602:Holocene 2590:calcined 2450:Winnipeg 2363:Winnipeg 2263:Labrador 2210:apiaries 1918:guttural 1888:and non- 1766:New York 1736:Michigan 1639:and the 1539:Virginia 1468:Labrador 1436:hemlocks 1402:such as 1331:and the 1328:Smilodon 1235:Illinois 1172:Manitoba 758:and the 731:Eastern 688:Colorado 600:Michigan 545:ice ages 537:Arctodus 496:Holocene 453:sun bear 406:omnivore 359:Synonyms 320:16, see 253:Family: 237:Mammalia 227:Chordata 223:Phylum: 217:Animalia 203:Domain: 163:IUCN 3.1 131:Manitoba 112:Holocene 108:Pliocene 13747:ZooBank 13661:1005934 13596:2433407 13492:Q122783 13442:Fishing 13437:Whaling 13386:Red fox 13381:Raccoon 13371:Opossum 13260:Caribou 13202:Redhead 13192:Mallard 13177:Gadwall 12892:M. furo 12837:Mustela 12786:Neogale 12633:Enhydra 12507:Ictonyx 12466:Vormela 12423:G. cuja 12350:Sable ( 12257:G. gulo 12222:Pekania 12207:Tayra ( 12004:Melinae 11816:Nasuina 11708:Procyon 11064:Phocini 10703:(seals) 10638:(seals) 10530:Ursinae 10472:(bears) 10467:Ursidae 10343:Dhole ( 10133:(zorro) 10007:V. cana 9917:Vulpini 9885:Urocyon 9869:Canidae 9661:U. urva 9165:Fossa ( 9085:Crocuta 8767:Genetta 8664:Viverra 8205:lineage 8127:lineage 8096:L. lynx 7952:Caracal 7926:lineage 7924:Caracal 7856:lineage 7854:Bay cat 7840:Felinae 7801:P. onca 7790:Tiger ( 7710:Felidae 7580:Class: 7559:species 7555:Extant 6636:3873109 6366:3800894 6331:3808038 6221:3801608 6154:July 1, 5957:Bibcode 5949:Science 5822:2707508 5735:8738656 5617:5026772 5334:3872755 5099:May 16, 4847:3873164 4341:June 8, 4159:July 2, 3560:Bibcode 3365:Bibcode 3189:2518930 3166:Bibcode 2962:71.20 g 2917:7.20 mg 2770:20.10 g 2763:Protein 2622:Kutchin 2566:Hunting 2551:cambium 2400:Tlingit 2339:El Jefe 2275:viscera 2267:caribou 2238:catfish 2230:suckers 2163:grasses 2155:carrion 2051:calcium 1990:cougars 1986:coyotes 1982:bobcats 1977:jaguars 1921:bears. 1902:rubbing 1879:diurnal 1657:Arizona 1456:Rockies 1442:, high 1440:meadows 1428:redwood 1377:Florida 1316:Habitat 1290:Wyoming 1263:Decorah 1239:Indiana 1215:Midwest 1211:Georgia 1164:Alberta 1156:Wyoming 1108:in the 937:Alabama 933:Georgia 929:Florida 733:Montana 700:Arizona 589:noted: 551:Hybrids 398:endemic 391:species 389:, is a 263:Genus: 257:Ursidae 243:Order: 233:Class: 178: ( 161: ( 99:↓ 13635:180544 13580:FEIS: 13573:URSUAM 13560:328582 13376:Rabbit 13351:Coyote 13346:Bobcat 13341:Badger 13320:Whales 13305:Muskox 13127:Turkey 13077:Chukar 12582:Lontra 12270:Martes 11545:Mydaus 11439:skunks 10403:Wolf ( 10283:Canina 10113:Canini 9977:Vulpes 9873:(dogs) 9414:Mungos 8728:Poiana 7810:P. leo 7808:Lion ( 7714:(cats) 7490: 7469: 7442: 7414: 7394: 7360: 7350: 7292: 7184: 7147: 7008: 6896: 6876: 6845: 6820: 6721: 6634: 6470: 6399: 6364: 6329: 6279: 6219: 6016: 6006: 5983: 5975: 5829: 5819: 5733: 5725: 5673: 5665: 5624: 5614: 5542: 5534: 5332: 5314: 5259: 5234: 5142: 5085: 4950: 4845: 4797: 4672: 4457: 4147: 4021: 3903:(PDF). 3717: 3709: 3666: 3625: 3578: 3519: 3383: 3338: 3299: 3276: 3221: 3196: 3186: 2930:162 mg 2746:8.30 g 2722:0.00 g 2699:Energy 2412:Navajo 2331:jaguar 2291:Kodiak 2225:salmon 2171:drupes 2151:tubers 2047:Leptin 1961:Quebec 1894:salmon 1706:Albino 1679:Pelage 1637:Nevada 1622:salmon 1227:Alaska 1221:, the 1217:, the 1182:, the 1040:bayous 822:Alaska 792:Oregon 741:Canada 737:Alaska 704:Mexico 557:hybrid 464:fossil 349: 347: 341: 308:, 1780 306:Pallas 13726:52602 13713:79943 13648:41687 13617:IRMNG 13609:41638 13547:7F2KC 13534:12509 13275:Moose 12731:Aonyx 12674:Lutra 12064:Meles 11834:Nasua 11109:Phoca 10566:Ursus 10358:Canis 9985:foxes 8295:Felis 7465:–80. 6632:JSTOR 6624:Ursus 6601:(PDF) 6586:(PDF) 6560:(PDF) 6553:(PDF) 6528:(PDF) 6521:(PDF) 6397:S2CID 6381:Ursus 6362:JSTOR 6327:JSTOR 6288:(PDF) 6265:(PDF) 6217:JSTOR 5981:S2CID 5925:(PDF) 5914:(PDF) 5731:S2CID 5671:S2CID 5540:S2CID 5330:JSTOR 4843:JSTOR 4835:Ursus 4709:(PDF) 4698:Ursus 4694:(PDF) 4640:(PDF) 4633:(PDF) 4455:S2CID 4145:S2CID 4129:Ursus 4019:S2CID 4003:Ursus 3975:(PDF) 3968:(PDF) 3808:(PDF) 3801:(PDF) 3715:S2CID 3576:S2CID 3517:S2CID 3443:(PDF) 3432:(PDF) 3381:S2CID 2959:Water 2824:78 μg 2396:Haida 2271:voles 2255:moose 2234:trout 2217:honey 2167:forbs 2147:corms 2143:bulbs 2139:roots 2092:near 1529:Skull 1491:Build 1412:birch 1408:maple 1404:beech 1323:masts 1286:Texas 1278:Idaho 1270:Idaho 1207:Maine 749:Texas 745:Maine 696:Texas 663:Idaho 621:Image 468:Ursus 268:Ursus 180:CITES 174:CITES 106:Late 13739:6525 13700:9643 13695:NCBI 13643:IUCN 13630:ITIS 13591:GBIF 13583:uram 13568:EPPO 13529:BOLD 13285:Wolf 12246:Gulo 11142:Pusa 9587:Urva 8177:Puma 8125:Puma 8076:Lynx 7488:ISBN 7467:ISBN 7440:ISBN 7412:ISBN 7392:ISBN 7374:2024 7358:PMID 7348:ISBN 7326:2024 7290:ISBN 7272:2011 7243:2011 7182:ISBN 7161:2022 7145:OCLC 7074:2016 7042:2008 7006:ISBN 6985:2011 6945:2007 6894:ISBN 6874:ISBN 6864:and 6843:ISBN 6818:ISBN 6800:2020 6755:2011 6719:ISBN 6700:2016 6609:2007 6568:2011 6536:2011 6503:2008 6468:ISBN 6296:2015 6277:NAID 6247:2017 6156:2021 6119:2011 6088:2019 6062:2023 6014:OCLC 6004:ISBN 5973:PMID 5933:2011 5889:2009 5862:2016 5827:PMID 5764:)". 5747:2023 5723:PMID 5663:PMID 5622:PMID 5571:2015 5532:PMID 5514:)". 5497:2011 5467:2011 5441:2012 5428:KOVR 5409:2016 5378:2016 5289:2011 5257:ISBN 5232:ISBN 5213:2016 5169:2013 5140:ISBN 5101:2012 5083:ISBN 5042:2011 5016:2011 4948:ISBN 4795:Gale 4670:ISBN 4648:2009 4497:2011 4471:2012 4373:2020 4343:2016 4317:2018 4291:2011 4265:2019 4239:2019 4213:2019 4187:2019 4161:2021 4110:2018 4080:2022 4049:2011 3983:2011 3939:2022 3887:2009 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