267:. While the role of these proteins is not fully understood, it is believed that they aid in the development of enamel by serving as a framework for minerals to form on, among other functions. Once it is mature, enamel is almost totally without the softer organic matter. Enamel is avascular and has no nerve supply within it and is not renewed, however, it is not a static tissue as it can undergo mineralization changes.
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of 83 GPa. Dentin, less mineralized and less brittle, 3–4 in hardness, compensates for enamel and is necessary as a support. On radiographs, the differences in the mineralization of different portions of the tooth and surrounding periodontium can be noted; enamel appears lighter than dentin or pulp
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The cementum is light yellow and slightly lighter in color than dentin. It has the highest fluoride content of all mineralized tissue. Cementum also is permeable to a variety of materials. It is formed continuously throughout life because a new layer of cementum is deposited to keep the attachment
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The normal color of enamel varies from light yellow to grayish (bluish) white. At the edges of teeth where there is no dentin underlying the enamel, the color sometimes has a slightly blue tone. Since enamel is
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can repair damage to the tooth to a certain degree but damage beyond that cannot be repaired by the body. The maintenance and repair of human tooth enamel is one of the primary concerns of
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Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals, 96%, with water and organic material composing the rest. The primary mineral is
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intact as the superficial layer of cementum ages. Cementum on the root ends surrounds the apical foramen and may extend slightly onto the inner wall of the pulp canal.
102:. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure. They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple
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of enamel. Dentin, which is less mineralized and less brittle than enamel, is necessary for the support of enamel. Dentin rates approximately 3 on the
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Enamel does not contain collagen, as found in other hard tissues such as dentin and bone, but it does contain two unique classes of
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The large amount of mineral in enamel accounts not only for its strength but also for its brittleness. Tooth enamel ranks 5 on
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of a tooth. The enamel on primary teeth has a more opaque crystalline form and thus appears whiter than on permanent teeth.
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are involved in the reabsorption of bone tissue. The mineralised matrix of bone tissue has an organic component mainly of
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Marshall GW Jr, Marshall SJ, Kinney JH, Balooch M.J. The dentin substrate: structure and properties related to bonding
285:, 20% is organic material, and 10% is water. Yellow in appearance, it greatly affects the color of a tooth due to the
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319:. Cementum is avascular, receiving its nutrition through its own imbedded cells from the surrounding vascular
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Illustrated Dental
Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-BaloghFehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 180
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M. Staines, W. H. Robinson and J. A. A. Hood (1981). "Spherical indentation of tooth enamel".
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and consists of about 45% to 50% inorganic material (hydroxyapatite) by weight and 50% to 55%
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In humans, enamel varies in thickness over the surface of the tooth, often thickest at the
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125:-like three-dimensional internal structure. Other types of tissue found in bones include
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197:. Enamel is formed on the tooth while the tooth is developing within the gum, before it
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into the mouth. Once fully formed, it does not contain blood vessels or nerves.
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and water by weight. The organic portion is composed primarily of collagen and
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Ten Cate's Oral
Histology, Nanci, Elsevier, 2013, page 122
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are involved in the creation and mineralisation of bone;
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Ten Cate's Oral
Histology, Nanci, Elsevier, pages 70-94
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Ten Cate's Oral
Histology, Nancy, Elsevier, pages 70-94
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Bone is an active tissue composed of different cells.
281:By weight, 70% of dentin consists of the mineral
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557:(13th ed.). Elsevier India. p. 152.
366:Berkovitz BKB; Holland GR; Moxham BJ (2009).
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369:Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology
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113:or bone tissue, is of two types –
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34:. The hard tissues of humans are
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516:." Page accessed July 18, 2007.
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496:Bath-Balogh, Fehrenbach, p. 179
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22:, refers to "normal" calcified
507:Biology of the Human Dentition
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168:and an inorganic component of
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372:. Mosby/Elsevier. p. 7.
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75:that constitutes part of the
50:. The term is in contrast to
420:Journal of Materials Science
121:and gives it rigidity and a
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172:made up of various salts.
94:and also enable mobility.
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26:, is the tissue which is
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203:Remineralisation of teeth
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16:Mineralized body tissue
532:1997 Nov;25(6):441-58.
222:cementoenamel junction
347:. Farlex and Partners
293:of mineral hardness.
345:"Medical Dictionary"
321:periodontal ligament
32:intercellular matrix
241:Mohs hardness scale
98:is a type of dense
512:2015-10-30 at the
505:Johnson, Clarke. "
432:10.1007/bf01113595
592:Tissues (biology)
379:978-0-7234-3551-8
195:calcium phosphate
100:connective tissue
88:white blood cells
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182:Tooth enamel
170:bone mineral
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40:tooth enamel
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261:amelogenins
192:crystalline
162:osteoclasts
154:Osteoblasts
108:Mineralized
96:Bone tissue
52:soft tissue
28:mineralized
20:Hard tissue
570:1 December
351:25 October
331:References
291:Mohs scale
250:radiopaque
243:and has a
234:appearance
158:osteocytes
135:periosteum
119:cancellous
68:Bone is a
440:137704231
265:enamelins
207:dentistry
147:cartilage
131:endosteum
104:functions
77:vertebral
586:Category
510:Archived
396:, p. 485
303:Cementum
297:Cementum
257:proteins
218:cementum
166:collagen
115:cortical
92:minerals
90:, store
80:skeleton
48:cementum
473:Johnson
220:at the
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394:et al.
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309:dentin
277:Dentin
271:Dentin
199:erupts
176:Enamel
139:nerves
127:marrow
46:, and
44:dentin
24:tissue
530:Dent.
436:S2CID
392:Ross
123:coral
73:organ
70:rigid
572:2014
559:ISBN
374:ISBN
353:2015
263:and
214:cusp
160:and
145:and
117:and
86:and
64:Bone
58:Bone
36:bone
428:doi
84:red
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