Hanover school of architecture

1664:. The two towers shaped the silhouette of the city from 1880 with their neo-Gothic appearance and their colored slate coverings. After completing the two projects, Prale received further orders for church construction tasks. From 1880 to 1883, for example, he worked on the reconstruction and expansion of the Deaconesses Institute, a church hospital. For the representative facade to the valley town, Prale designed a yellow brick facade, structured by strips of red bricks. Wenceslas attested to the building's "significant urban planning effect"for its multi-storey and despite its small dimensions. However, the neo-Gothic exterior architecture completely disappeared due to later extensions and conversions.During his time in Flensburg, Prale also created civil buildings. As early as 1880, he built for J. A. Olsen a commercial building on Südermarkt (not received). The house was in a visual relationship with the recently completed tower of the Nikolaikirche. With its four floors, it became significantly larger than the surrounding medieval development, for Wenceslas a "sensitive scale break". The house thus embodied the "new metropolitan claim of Prussian Flensburg" and also demonstrated the "economic optimism" of the time.[The facade held Prale in red bricks; he designed the window openings differently from floor to floor: the ground floor got pointed-arched windows (later replaced by a large shop window), while on the first floor the windows of the right part of the facade were combined in pairs with segment arches. The pointed-arched windows of the second floor sat again in individual blind niches with a clover leaf arch closure upwards. The windows of the third floor were pointedly closed and edged in circumferential "form stone bulges", closed downwards with sole benches. A special feature of Prales were cleaned surfaces in the glare niches on which tendrils or functions of the house were displayed. Together with layers of glaze bricks and the colored slate roof, these plaster surfaces gave the Olsen House a "strongly polychrome facade image". In the next few years, more residential and commercial buildings of Prale followed. These include the Kontor- und Wohnhaus Schiffbrücke No. 21 (1880/81), the residential and commercial building Schiffbrücke No. 24 (1882) and the shipping company office and residential building 1519:

unlike plaster buildings, these buildings seemed to be "honest."Some freelance architects advertised their skills by building "nexotic 'model houses'"on their own account, which they then sold ready for occupancy. While villas were built on extensive, park-like plots, the residential buildings had to make do in less elegant residential areas with small plots. Here, the effect of a building depended directly on the surrounding houses, which is why an architect often built several contiguous plots of land. According to Kokkelink, this achieved a uniform style and thus a greater urban planning effect. Corner houses often received a tower and were thus able to have an even greater effect than terraced houses.[These striking corner buildings were often used as residential and commercial buildings. Although development costs were incurred for two roads at the same time, the additional use as a commercial building increased the return.Advances in the brick industry caused falling prices of building materials in the 1870s and 1880s, brick buildings became affordable for more and more builders. The argument that brick facades do not require special care proved to be particularly sales-promoting, unlike plaster buildings. Increasingly, tenement houses were also increasingly built according to the principles of the Hannover School. This was especially true for the rapidly growing districts of Hanover, the Oststadt and the Nordstadt, as well as the then still independent city of Linden.

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envisioned a plastered facade for this building, Hunaeus changed the plans for a version with visible bricks and sandstone after Ebeling's death. Ludwig Droste already applied the Tramm-Style for the Lyceum (later the Kaiser-Wilhelm- und Ratsgymnasium) on Georgsplatz (now demolished), and red bricks and sandstone were also shown open here. Tramm himself designed the Welfenschloss between 1857–66, which later became the main building of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover . According to the architectural historian Günther Kokkelink, his characteristic spandrels and other structural details make it one of the "most mature form" of the Tramm style. Kokkelink sees the later Künstlerhaus Hannover, built from 1853–56 as a museum for art and science, as a further development of the sculptural-spatial variety of the Rundbogenstil. The architect, Hase, designed the exterior with different colored bricks and some sandstone details, with which he emphasized the "beauty of the material." The Künstlerhaus marks the high point of the Rundbogenstil in Hanover, which spread quite late compared to other cities and had more variations than elsewhere.

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intended to get the Germans in shape for military conflicts. The logo of the movement, the Turnerkreuz, first appeared in 1846. It is composed of four "F" who stand for the motto of the movement "fresh, pious, cheerful, free".Many gymnasiums of the Hannover School received the cross as an ornament.[Wilhelm Hauers and Wilhelm Schultz built the gym in the Hanover Maschstraße. Created in 1864/65, it is probably the oldest surviving building in the Südstadt district. It is also one of the halls that were built very early for a gymnastics's association. The construction is very wide with 15 window axes. Originally, it comprised only two floors, but was then increased in repairing the damage of the Second World War. A special feature of the hall is its out-centered entrance risalite with triangular gable and attached filagonal gable. Inside, the supporting structure can also be seen, it consists of supports connected with pointed arches. According to the monument topographic atlas of 1983, the gym is of great importance for Hanover despite the subsequent conversion.

955: 704: 1007: 919:"Moving" rooflines are a characteristic feature of the Hanover School. In addition to bay windows and turrets, the architects often used decorative gables in their designs. Conrad Wilhelm Hase started this trend in Hanover by adding to his own house a small, brick ornamental gable with radial finials in 1860/61. A short time later, in 1864–65, his students Wilhelm Hauers and Wilhelm Schultz took over these stylistic devices for the gym of the Turn-Klubbe Hannover on Maschstraße in Hanover. A superimposed gable was placed here on a triangular one, which, in the opinion of the architectural historian Günther Kokkelink, creatively deviated from the medieval models. Over the next few years, the brick industry made some technical advances and was able to deliver increasingly diverse molding stones, which allowed architects to design increasingly complex rooflines. Ludwig Frühling, who had the manufacturer's Villa Schwarz built in Hanover's Parkstraße (today Wilhelm-Busch-Straße) built in 1886, with decorative gables similar to those of the 1304:

slightly changed by adding a few stairs and partitions. The restoration work for the exterior of the market wing could be completed in 1879, while the work inside continued until 1882. At the time of the inauguration, a general meeting of German architects and engineers took place in Hanover. Their participants praised in Hase's designs the "conceptual uniformity, the all-encompassing breakdown of the inside and exterior" and "the total restoration of the Gothic state."According to Günther Kokkelink, Hase was very cautious at the town hall in Hanover, as he had demanded with his motto "Keeping at the old."The "honority of the old monument" was more important to rabbits than the "subjective artistic ambitions". As the last part of the town hall, the new "Hase wing" to Karmarschstraße was built in 1890–91.The wing facing southeast became necessary after the Grupenstraße had previously been created. This, now called Karmarschstraße, led as a breakthrough across the old town to ensure a fast connection of the

1111: 346: 808: 1830:. Built in 1905/06, the house has a facade made of tuff stone and black Oeynhaus facing stones, which are grouted white. However, the "powerful and noble"facade also has many small-scale details that are in the sense of the Hanover School: The window dimension and the tower-like elevated staircase can still be recognized by the "filigree broken"gables of the staircase were not preserved.[At the residential and commercial building on Voßstraße, corner Jakobistraße, built in 1913, contemporary publications already read about a revival of brick building in Hanover. Wilhelm Türnau designed the "well-proportioned"corner semi-detached house. It has vertical outline elements in the gable fields, bay windows and a facade structure over two floors. Although the original roof structure was lost in the Second World War and was only restored in a simplified way, according to the building historian 756: 1059: 1800:. At that time, there was no academic training for architecture in America, which is why German architects and engineers were gladly accessed. Lorenz was a special feature in Philadelphia because most of his immigrant colleagues came from southern Germany. According to art historian Michael J. Lewis suggest many signs that Lorenz was "the most important representative of the Hannover School in America". In 1860 Lorenz rose to become a senior engineer for a secondary line of the Reading Railway Company and as such also designed the railway structures. Until 1879, it was still common for functional buildings to be constructed by engineers, while freelance architects designed buildings with a representative character, but mostly limited to the facade.The orientation at the Hanover School was first shown at 620: 1481:

sum of around 2 million. Goldmark and was about three times the size of usual villas. Willmer had brought wealth thanks to the Hanover School, the brick buildings that were built everywhere generated large sales. The villa had an angular floor plan and contained about 75 rooms, over 50 of which were located on the three living floors. In its size and design, the house resembled a castle rather than a villa. The popular nickname Tränenburg probably stems from the fact that Willmer treated his workers badly and shed many "tears" for the construction of the house. The building survived the Second World War almost unscathed. Nevertheless, despite far-reaching citizen protests, it was demolished in 1971 for an ultimately never implemented new construction project.

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railway structures, such as signal boxes, repair halls, post houses and railway housing. Their research revealed various architectural "style development stages" according to which the buildings were designed. According to the inventory published in 1983, an "independent design language based on the round arch style of the Hannover School" developed from 1852 to 1865, while over the next two decades the neo-Gothic of the Hannoversche Schule was then applied "irregularly." According to this study, many innovations took place in the field of "small architecture"–that is, minor stations, as well as in the first-generation structures that were later replaced by larger successor buildings (for example, the stations in Hanover,

948:. Here he worked particularly clearly with the complementary contrast between green and red stones. According to Kokkelink, "particularly attractive glazes...come into their own...in this house." Gröne Hus represents a transition from the Hanover School to Art Nouveau. Karl Mohrmann's own house on Herrenhäuser Kirchweg also deviates greatly from the "classic" teaching in his details, as the gables exhibit brightly plastered surfaces for decoration. In addition, many other lesser-known architects used the building material in creative ways. An example of this is Friedrich Wedel, another Hase student, who used decorative shaped stones for the residential and commercial building he designed at Callinstraße 4. 137:

corporations built impressive factory structures that reflected their economic importance. Hanover itself saw the construction of numerous large municipal churches, schools, and factories as well as several thousand residences between the 1850s and the beginning of the 20th century. Stylistically, these buildings were characterized by their unplastered brick facades, which were perceived as "honest." Especially for factory buildings, it was already possible to recognize its internal function by the outer shape of a building. Exterior ornament used a number of design elements: stepped gables with finials, carved stone, and decoratively set bricks with a glazed surface derived from medieval church buildings.

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building; all surfaces, friezes, columns can be broken down into a certain number of brick layers. In order to ornament the buildings with decorative details, architects and master masons had numerous means at their disposal: they used shaped stones or used polychrome colored bricks on a facade (for example, in red and yellow, as in the Clementinenhaus). In addition, glazed bricks were used in different colors (for example in brown, black and green). However, Theodor Unger proved to be an outspoken opponent of the glazed bricks, to which he said an "offensive effect."He took the view that glazes belonged from brick construction "banished" or at least "rived back to an extremely modest level".

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Hanover, the number of pupils in elementary schools rose from around 7,500 in 1876 to just under 27,000 in 1905. Different types of schools were created for different requirements: grammar schools and reform high schools, higher daughter schools, secondary schools, civic schools, elementary schools, blind and deaf-mute schools, schools for members of religious minorities and auxiliary schools. Within the school types, there was a hierarchy in which high schools and secondary schools were among the top rank and were therefore carried out most elaborately in terms of design. The principle of the Hannover School to use the brick unplastered saved the city administration costs.

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first phase, it came from the middle of the 19th century. Century to a lively activity at new castle buildings, in which the Hanover School was also used. She undergone a change in the coming decades: The architects went away from symmetrical, cubic-regular castles, towards asymmetrically constructed systems. While the Marienburg designed by Conrad Wilhelm Hase still showed a quite orderly appearance, Julius Rasch designed Imbshausen Castle as the first irregular castle according to the principles of the Hanover School. In addition to the two mentioned, Edwin Oppler, Christoph Hehl, Karl Börgemann, Adelbert Hotzen and other architects also worked as castle builders.

506:, after which he represented various tendencies of neo-Gothic in 1853–59, and then trained his personal style of neo-Gothic from 1859. In the course of his life, Hase created a large number of very different buildings in large parts of northern Germany. Some examples are: Christuskirche Hannover, katholische Kirche Peine, Erlöserkirche Hannover, Apostelkirche Hannover, tower extension of Martinskirche Linden (today Hanover), extension of the Old Town Hall Hannover, Andreanum Hildesheim, stations of Lehrte, Celle, Bremen, Wunstorf, Göttingen, Nordstemmen, Oldenburg, Marienburg Palace, Hildesheim Post Office, Hanover Künstlerhaus, and the Klagesmarkt-Apotheke Hannover. 1991:("Tränenburg") in Hanover-Waldhausen, the demolition of which accompanied a great public interest in 1971.[The castle-like house had only been slightly damaged during the war and was inhabited until the beginning of 1971. The heirs of brick manufacturer Friedrich Willmer had sold the villa with land to a housing company last year. The company planned to have a total of 150 new apartments built on the property, for which the villa was to give way. Since Rudolf Hillebrecht had previously prevented the initiatives for monument protection, the city had no way of intervening against the demolition. After the new construction plans became public in the 537:

office, he moved to Riga (1887-1892) for five years as a professor of civil engineering. Back in Hanover, he inherited Hase in 1894 as a professor of medieval architecture. He also took over the chairmanship of the Bauhütte zum weißen Blatt (see below) founded by Hase (from 1902). Mohrmann managed to further develop the principles of the Hanover School and to maintain its influence until the 1920s. His work includes the restoration of the cathedral in Riga, his own residence at Herrenhäuser Kirchweg in Hanover, the Protestant Martin Luther Church in Bremen and other churches in Hanover, Bremen and Oldenburg.

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round arch style. It was considered an economical construction method in which architectural decoration could be easily achieved by an appropriate arrangement of the bricks. At that time, the importance of a factory was almost exclusively measured by its spatial extent and not by its aesthetic appearance. Only in the second half of the 19th century. In the 19th century, a change of heart returned, factories increasingly received a representative shell. After the founding of the Reich, the round arch style was finally increasingly replaced by the Hannoversche Schule in industrial construction.

357:(Hanover: Guide through the city and its buildings) - and consisted of a juxtaposition of the Hanover School with the Hanoverian buildings of the Renaissance. Unger attested that the new style had given the city a "highly characteristic and interesting external appearance." Its supporters saw the Hanover School as a "universal style" that had to be used for all building types, from churches to buildings of secular and pedestrian functions. Because of this far-reaching claim, there were also numerous critical voices and rejections, which Unger also addressed in his publication. 1817:

Hanover too early. For cost reasons, the Reading train station was ultimately created in a simplified barracks style. At the end of the 1870s, the architectural view of the railway company changed. In order to set itself apart from a competing company, the stations should now be "dreastly highlighted by architectural means." For this purpose, the American architect Frank Furness was employed in 1879, which probably made Lorenz's influence dwindle. A little later, the railway company got into financial difficulties, while Lorenz fell seriously ill and finally died in 1884.

227:, exerted great influence on Hase with his position that unplastered stone should be used as the primary building material (otherwise called "pure construction"). In the 45 years that Hase taught at the university, around 35,000 students were enrolled in architecture subjects, of which only around 1000 completed the degree program in architecture and thus can be regarded as a direct student of Hase–still an impressive number. Hanoverian training in architecture enjoyed supra-regional recognition, so that students came from all over northern Germany, as well as from 1295:, which was later taken up by the Hanover School.[After the prison house, the court wing followed along Köblinger Straße until 1850, for which the former pharmacy wing had to be demolished beforehand. Andreae carried out the facade of the court wing with "North Italian-Romanesque"shapes, which is why the part of the building was quickly nicknamed "Dogenpalast". In the following twenty years, there were protests again that prevented the further construction of new tracts. It was not until the end of 1863 that the magistrate commissioned the 1870:

well-known architects have been rebuilt in a simplified form or demolished completely, often to be replaced by "all-world architecture".[Eiko Wenzel stated in an essay published in 1999 that monument preservation is not yet able to improve the artistic quality of the buildings from the late 19th century in many places. century to present convincingly.[The reason is that monument preservation still lacks the evaluation criteria for this. The contempt for this stylistic era has its origin in the

488: 368:, also commented on the "Renaissance buildings" in Hanover. He counted among these "artically remarkable" monumental and private buildings, for which "real materials" had been used in the pursuit of "genuine monumentality." The buildings are determined by the medieval echoes and distinguished themselves as "advantageous" compared to other contemporary buildings. Both critics, Unger and Stier, judged the Hanover School from a certain distance: Unger had belonged to the Vienna School around 87: 35: 62: 76: 1489:

and significant of the newer Hanoverian construction". Contrary to the usual design principles of the Hannover School, Mohrmann chose a rectangular fial or pillar gable for his house, into which he integrated painted plaster fields. Such a motif comes more from Gothic buildings on the Baltic Sea than from the surroundings of Hanover. Mohrmann emphasized the corner of the house with a "powerful"tower, which had an observation deck reinforced by battlements.

1279:. However, the project met with massive resistance from the citizens and the Bürgervorher College, so Rumann moved away from the execution. Instead, he successfully applied for the new construction of an internal "prisoner house"as an extension of the town hall. Andreae designed it from 1839 to 1841 based on the round arch style, but also equipped the tract with previously largely unknown style elements. Andreae developed a design language via 510:

und Ingenieur-Verein Hannover, is considered a representative of the Rundbogenstil. Among other things, he created various wings of the royal Dicasterien building in Hanover (Am Archiv, Archivstraße), the residences of Johann Egestorff, Wilhelm Glahn and Hermann Cohen, the military hospital on Adolfstraße in Hanover; the house of the military clothing commission, also on Adolfstraße; and the teaching seminary of Wunstorf. He also converted the

20: 1389:), which were created outside the city to avoid the spread of epidemics. In the 19th In the 19th century, hospital buildings for specific needs were built for the first time after scientific findings on the requirements for certain therapies had been developed. At that time, the concept of pavilions also became popular. In addition to the general hospitals, specialist clinics, such as birthplaces or children's hospitals, were also created. 502:. During his time as a university lecturer, he received the titles of building inspector (1852), building councilor (1858) and professor (1878). The founder of the Hannover School was also a part-time consistory official at the Evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche Hannovers (Protestant Lutheran State Church of Hanover) and honorary citizen of Einbeck and Hildesheim. For the period 1848-52, Hase's designs can be attributed to the 203:

Unger was employing both the Rundbogenstil and the Gothic forms of Hase. According to Faber-Hermann, only the latter were later associated with the concept of the Hanover School. On closer inspection, many students of Hase did not allow themselves to be characterized as strict representatives of this school, and only a few buildings assigned to the Hanover School are actually precise classic examples of its designers' work.

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villa to the city in exchange or to preserve the villa and to build the rest of the property more densely. An initiative that wanted to operate the house as an art and cultural center also failed. At a meeting of the building committee in April 1971, the city council finally decided to grant the demolition permit. This was pronounced at the end of August 1971 and the house was then demolished immediately.[

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stations, warehouses or barracks. While many aesthetic teachings failed to extend their formal language to such construction tasks, the Hanover School was widely used in civil engineering. At the end of the 19th In the 19th century, it had made it to the standard of style in northern and western Germany in industrial construction.[

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technical innovations emanating from the railway also had an impact on art and architecture, and they also determined village and urban development. In many places, the stations shaped the cityscape themselves. In Lower Saxony, brick construction was favored in station design after 1850. After a trip through Germany in 1857, the

703: 479:; his works in Hanover include the Kaiser-Wilhelm- und Ratsgymnasium Hannover (Lyceum) on Georgsplatz, the restoration of the Marktkirche, the Packhof, the entrance building of the Engesohder Cemetery and several other school buildings (Bürgerschule, Am Clevertore; Höhere Töchterschule, Am Graben; Stadttöchterschule, Am Aegi). 646:. The concept of the Bauhütte provided that a member first had to submit his designs to his colleagues for examination. By forming a unified style, the artistic quality of the buildings was to be further increased. The mission statement of the Bauhütte was recorded in several mottos that coincided with Hase's principles: 575:(1830-1887): Rasch began his studies at the Polytechnic School Hannover under Christian Heinrich Tramm and at the same time worked in the central office of the Hanover Railway, of which he became an architect after his studies (1852). Here he rose from construction contractor to construction inspector before moving to 635:, there was a construction boom, while the various architecture schools were increasingly consolidated. In addition, the importance of the Architekten- und Ingenieur-Verein Hannover grew at the expense of Hase's own activity. The chosen name addition "to the white sheet" is probably an allusion to the Hanoverian 1356:(until 1870) museum construction. From the latter, the principles of a "monumental external appearance"of the houses still had an effect until the turn of the century. According to this, the museums received representative buildings as an important educational institution. For many construction projects, the 1417:

suffering. A mere prayer room inside the building was considered insufficient to give comfort and strength. Since not enough of the same building material could be obtained for the entire plant, Rasch had to mix different types of stone, including sandstone, tuff stone, brick and yellow facing bricks.

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The architectural influences of the Hanover School did not disappear abruptly, but sounded slowly for decades.In the late phase of neo-Gothicism, among other things, the administration building of Westinghouse AG on Goetheplatz in Hanover (not preserved) was built. The brick building designed by Karl

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junction. In his arrangement in the middle of a three-sided property surrounded by tracks, Lewis the station appears more as a "sign central station"than through or terminal station. However, Lorenz had not followed the principles of the "classic" Hanover School with his design, for which he had left

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station. For this purpose, the American architect Joseph Hoxie presented a revised design in 1858, which showed a "finely structured building structure", structured by a "net of slender lisens and console cornices". According to Lewis, the building gained a character over it that was more reminiscent

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was built in 1857-58. New to him were the two tower-like head buildings. In addition to the staircases, they also contained ancillary and supervisory rooms and were clearly detached from the production wing in terms of design. Mechanical weaving thus anticipated one of the basic ideas of the Hannover

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The rectory of the Hanoverian Christ Church comes from Karl Börgemann. In addition to the apartments for several families, the large, "imposing"corner building also houses rooms for other church-relevant purposes, such as a library or meeting rooms. The house, built in 1905/06, has a corner tower and

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In castles, there was a similar enthusiasm for the medieval among architects and builders as with churches. The castles were built on the basis of former, fortified castles and therefore received their typical design means such as battlements or towers. After preserved castle ruins were restored in a

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Scientists from the Institute of Building and Art History of the University of Hanover identified a total of 480 buildings in Lower Saxony in the early 1980s that they classified as "scientifically remarkable." In addition to the principal passenger railway depots, they also looked at other auxiliary

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and other people in (formerly) high offices.[The Lower Saxony Chamber of Architects organized a demonstration, and various experts also advocated the preservation of the building.[The city administration did not go into the offers of the housing association to either leave the property including the

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for this reason. For the redesign of Hanover after the Second World War, Hillebrecht attached decisive importance to the aspects of "structure and transport": "The image of the modern city center is significantly influenced, perhaps determined by these two factors."The redesign should not start from

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formed the two camps. The neo-Gothic stood for an expression of "spontaneity" and "viviality" here. The rural railway stations in their traditional wooden construction are completely in line with Hase's doctrines. He regarded medieval architecture as a Nordic style: a regionally credible alternative

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At the turn of the century, land prices often increased to such an extent that single-family houses were combined.An outstanding example of this is the residence of the architect Karl Mohrmann in Hanover, described in the sheets for architecture and handicrafts in 1913 as "one of the most successful

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The visible use of bricks to veneer facades played a decisive role in the Hanover School. The "brick dimension" determined the design of the walls and ensured an "even horizontal layering," as Theodor Unger put it in his architectural guide in 1882. The joints occurring between the stones divide the

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from 1899 in the Hanover Sextrostraße surpassed previous buildings in imaginative design with his facade and roof landscape, Kokkelink speaks here of a "fantastic development of the corner final gable." The house has thus moved further and further away from the peculiarities of medieval construction

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in Munich and initially worked as a private architect in Mannheim before he was sworn in as a city builder in Hanover in 1849. Together with others, he founded the Architekten- und Ingenieur-Verein Hannover (Hanover Architects' and Engineers Association). Droste is considered a representative of the

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Ulrike Faber-Hermann observed in 1989 that the Hanover School's "appearance can be described by certain characteristics," but that a precise "definition" remains vague, partly because at the time of its creation the style was "multilayered." For example, in 1882, the Hanover School architect Theodor

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style, the rural stops were provided with wooden buildings whose style varied and was characterized by very diverse influences. Due to this different design, the contrast between the small and large stations was considerable. According to Hvattum, the wooden appearance of rural railway stations was

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The strict representatives of the neo-Gothic styles tried to transfer the design features of medieval architecture not only to churches, town halls and villas, but also to shape other civil buildings. This also extended to buildings where practicality was in the foreground, such as factories, train

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Villa Willmer was the "most powerful and largest"villa, built according to the principles of the "classic" Hanover School. Karl Börgemann designed the building built in 1884-86 for Hanoverian brick producer Friedrich Willmer. The house was located in Hanover-Waldhausen and at the time cost the huge

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There were no pre-modern role models in the 19th century. The architects therefore initially derived their designs from meeting rooms such as those used in churches or schools. The emerging gymnastics movement under the "turn father" Friedrich Ludwig Jahn served for leisure activities, but was also

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also focused on this: He worked on 171 church construction projects (including 76 new buildings), he created 66 on civil buildings. The Hanover School was therefore often classified as a "church style" in the past. However, this assessment falls far short in view of countless residential buildings,

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Oppler was also one of Hase's students at the Polytechnic School Hannover (until 1854) and worked in his teacher's office. After his studies, he gained experience in Belgium and France and then worked as a private architect in Hanover (from 1861); Oppler was also a member of the Hanover Architects'

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Karl Mohrmann (1857-1927): Mohrmann studied at the Polytechnic School Hanover with Hase (until 1879), whose successor he would later become there. After his studies, he was initially in the Prussian civil service before becoming a private lecturer in architecture in Hanover. After working in Hase's

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and worked during the second phase of his studies in Hase's office. After his studies, he started as an assistant engineer for the Royal Railway Directorate in Hanover (1860) and then moved to Hamburg (1862), where he became the chief engineer of the building deputation (1872). He continued to keep

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Hermann Hunaeus (1812–1893): Like Ludwig Droste, Hunaeus also studied with Friedrich von Gärtner in Munich. From 1836 he worked as a military engineer in Hanover, then as a senior government and building councilor, later as a secret building councilor. Hunaeus, also a co-founder of the Architekten-

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Conrad Wilhelm Hase's design work became the driving force for the Hanover School, aided by Hase's teaching position at the Technical University in Hanover (until 1879 it was still called the Hanover Polytechnic School), which obviously ensured the dissemination of his ideas. From 1849 to 1894, his

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For a long time after the Second World War, during which most large German cities were heavily bombed, the remaining buildings, especially in Hanover, garnered little interest in monument preservation. Large-scale transformation measures and the conversion of Hanover into a car-friendly city led to

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Forschungsbericht des Instituts für Bau- und Kunstgeschichte der Universität Hannover. Selbstverlag, Hannover 1983. Die beiden Autoren zitieren aus einer Festschrift, die anlässlich des 150-jährigen Bestehens der Universität Hannover erschien. Für die Festschrift hatte Kokkelink einen Beitrag über

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A few years before the house of Mohrmann, around 1890, a group of villas was created at the western end of Hanover's Callinstraße. The confluence with Nienburger Straße is highlighted with the left tower of the double villa no. 48/50. The towers with their pointed helmets form a typical feature of

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1856.[The preserved, two-and-a-half-storey building is now the oldest part of the hospital. The building is free and slightly moved back from the adjacent Lützerodestraße, with an orientation from east to west and the show side to the south. The facade is symmetrically constructed with three gable

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Triggered by industrialization, it occurred in the second half of the 19th century. century to a strong increase in the urban population.[In addition to other challenges in the field of housing construction and infrastructure, numerous school buildings also had to be rebuilt within a few years. In

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The invention of the railway was of critical importance for nineteenth-century industrialization. In Lower Saxony, the development of the rail network and the formation of the Hanover School overlapped over several decades. Many architects who adhered to the architectural style were also active in

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Alexander Wilhelm Prale was in Flensburg at the end of the 19th century. Century ascended to a leading architect whose building quality was only achieved by Johannes Otzen's projects in the opinion of Wenceslas. Even after 1900, Prale remained firmly attached to the neo-Gothic style in the sacred

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designed small station buildings in accordance with neo-Gothic ideals. The Hanoverian influences also extended to North America, and as in Norway, it also affected railway architecture there. The German architect Wilhelm Lorenz was at the service of a Pennsylvanian railway company and thus had an

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In the early days of industrialization, manufacturers had often had their production buildings run as pure utility buildings that had only a minimum of decorations.The systems, which were often expanded in rapid succession, often only received a certain unity because the buildings were built in a

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puts it.[At the chapel, Rasch opted for the Hanover School - probably quite consciously, as is suspected in literature. Within the complex, the chapel was of particular importance: it was to resemble a normal village church with its "beautiful vaults" and thus contribute to the relief of physical

1216:

is typical of the early phase of the Hanover School. In the plastic structure of the building, on the other hand, the Christ Church resembodies later buildings.Hase also succeeded in implementing the entrance area "cooked composition": The western cornerstones of the tower are so advanced that in

696:

Other examples of the round arch style in Hanover are the House of the Military Clothing Commission (Hermann Hunaeus, 1859/1860), the buildings of the Henriettenstift located to Marienstraße (Christian Heinrich Tramm, 1861–1863), the Marstall at Welfenschloss (Eduard Heldberg, 1863–1865), and the

1518:

Hase and Adelbert Hotzen also introduced the Hanover School to apartment buildings in the 1860s. At first, the Gothic style was well received by nobles, in addition, some wealthy and art-interested citizens were enthusiastic about it. The brick architecture was perceived as "German" at the time,

1258:

ensured that administrative tasks also increased significantly. For the town halls, this meant numerous conversions, extensions or new buildings. However, these construction projects were not exclusively based on practical aspects, the town halls also fulfilled an important social function. They

943:

by Börgemann, the tower and window bands show an "immense wealth of forms." Börgemann's Heilig-Geist-Spital und Stift (Holy Spirit Hospital) received extensive ornamental surfaces and contrasting, colored glazed bricks on the walls. According to Kokkelink, Jugendstil is already evident here with

2008:

Only at the end of the 20th Century, a change began, monument preservation interest and urban tourism led to increased efforts to preserve the existing buildings.Nevertheless, demolitions have also recently occurred: For example, a residential building was demolished for the construction of the

1869:

After 1945, many of the buildings that had survived the Second World War, especially in Hanover, received little appreciation. Günther Kokkelink notes that in devotion to everything that seemed modern, the architecture of historicism had met with a general rejection. Representative buildings of

915:

Hase's architectural style - occasionally called "hatemic" by followers and critics - was characterized by medieval brick Gothic, whereby the statics of the buildings and the preferably domestic building material used (wood, brick, sandstone) should remain visible to the viewer. The brick shell

692:

In the middle of the 19th, the Hanoverian architects increasingly set themselves apart from Laves' "Klassizismus" (classicism). Between 1845–56, Ernst Ebeling and later Hermann Hunaeus built the General Military Hospital (now demolished) in the Calenberg Neustadt of Hanover. While Ebeling still

1501:

Rectories are a special form of residential building. The art historian Günther Kokkelink says that they were in the 19th century. century often with its own design claim.[The neo-Gothic has proven to be particularly suitable for this construction task. Their formal language of medieval sacred

259:

The railway fueled the rapid transport of goods and people, opened up rural regions to development, and ensured a strong economy. Initially, economics played a major role and freight transport enjoyed greater interest before passenger transport also became more important a few years later. The

1303:

was appointed to draw up plans for restoration in 1875. Hase's designs were received by the magistrate, who decided to execute them at the beginning of 1877. Hase's plans provided for "the medieval state with the continuation of all subsequent additions"; during execution, the plans were only

1110: 136:

favored the development of the Hanover School, especially in urban areas, where a rapidly-growing population led to a great demand for new homes, schools and hospitals. The expansion of the railway network required new structures such as station and company buildings, and emerging industrial

1643:

Hansen House received a three-axle risalit with step-step fial gable. Green and brown glazed shape stones, a polychrome facade and a colored slate roof ensured that the building became a kind of "performance show"for the new style. For Wenceslas, in addition to an architectural-historical

938:

Many pronounced decorative elements adorned the magnificent villas of the Hanover School, but numerous details also can be seen in more pedestrian structures, which often are only noticed at a second glance. According to Kokkelink, the architects Karl Börgemann and Karl Mohrmann proceeded

1930:

at that time. In order not to affect his plans, Hillebrecht prevented such a statute from becoming binding.buildings from the 19th century Century received little appreciation from him, Hillebrecht attested to them "nothing more than having made bonds in all stylistic epochs of European

1502:

buildings was very suitable for underlining the purpose of the rectory. In the countryside, the rectories often received outbuildings for stables or as sheds, usually taken back creatively. End of the 19th Century often emerged in "painian group"ensembles of churches and rectories.

525:

in touch with Hase and provided many of his students with the Hamburg building deputation. Meyer was co-founder of the Niedersächsische and Hamburger Bauhütte, as well as chairman of the Architekten- und Ingenieur-Verein Hamburg. Meyer's plans include the supervision of the entire

916:

facades, which are recognizable by the absence of external plaster, received brick decorations, often glazed bricks and forms German banded friezes and dentils. Staggered gables at the edges and segment arches are used frequently over windows and doors (as in the Rundbogenstil).

160:, which lasted from about 1835 to 1865. This current was also a manifestation of historicism; that is, a revival and recombination of elements of older styles of architecture. The Hanoverian strand of the Rundbogenstil was not only widespread in the city itself, but also in the 553:

and Engineers Association. Among others, he has the Villa Solms, the Jüdischer Friedhof An der Strangriede (Jewish Cemetery on Strangriede), the New Synagogue, and the Israelite School as well as Hagerhof Castle in Bad Honnef and other residential buildings and synagogues in

1058: 659:: The members of the Bauhütte compete together against the advocates of other styles and are connected to each other in friendship. This was important because the members competed not only with the supporters of other schools, but also with each other for commissions. 1668:

No. 8 (1883).[In his pastoral buildings for the St. Nicholas community at Südermarkt (1900) and the St. John's community at Johanniskirchhof (1903/04), Prale took up the type of corner villa. This had become a popular solution of the Hannover School since the 1870s.

1510:

high stair gables, the facade is equipped with green glazed bricks. As usual for late buildings of the Hannover School, the house is provided with larger areas and shows less small details. After war destruction, it was rebuilt in its old form between 1946 and 1948.

609:

variant he developed. His works in Hanover include the horse stable in Georgengarten, Villa Kaulbach am Waterlooplatz and Villa Simon on Brühlstraße. The Welfenschloss and the building wing of the Henriettenstift to Marienstraße are particularly influential in urban

182:

master builder and architecture professor Conrad Wilhelm Hase (1818–1902) took up the variation of Andreae's Rundbogenstil starting around 1853 and from it developed the formal vocabularies of the Hannover School. It is worth noting that the architectural theory of

1531:

Many decades before the advent of the Hanover School, in the end of the 18th century. century, a need for multi-storey factory buildings arose. These should accommodate large work rooms.The multi-storey structure was necessary to transmit the force vertically via

1315:

The Hanoverian case subsequently had an "animating effect on other northwest German cities with Gothic town halls": Urban planners now often preferred overall restorations over selective partial restorations. Just a few months after the inauguration in Hanover,

859: 755: 675:: This should encourage members to self-criticize. It is important to respect the art of the past and not to overestimate one's own current construction projects in their importance. This principle was often misunderstood as a reactionary tenet of the members. 1580:

The stations of the rapidly growing railway network experienced a similar development to the factories. Here, too, the architects abandoned the round arch style and moved towards the Gothic revival, whose design language expressed the pride of the operators.

207:

teaching activities there included, among other things, subjects such as designing public and private buildings, sacred architecture, formal theories of medieval architecture, and ornament. Hase tried in his work to detach from the classicism represented by

583:, he designed numerous stations, including: Alfeld, Elze, Göttingen, Hannover-Münden, Leer, Papenburg, Nordstemmen. He also constructed the management building of the Hannoversche Eisenbahn in Joachimstraße in Hanover, as well as some residential buildings. 1573:

School. Their supporters later demanded that the building sections determined by floor plan requirements should be "effectively" grouped. In addition, it should be possible to read from the outside what purpose the individual part of the building serves.

1266:, Kokkelink judges that it had an exemplary character for other cities in northern Germany.The medieval building was expanded and restored several times between 1839 and 1891. This phase of transformation had already begun in 1826, when the city director 807: 1834:, the house still sets a good example of the transition of the Hanover School to modernity. Further examples of foothills of the Hannover School are the Gertrud-Marien-Heim in Hannover-Linden Mitte and the extension of the Hanoverian biscuit factory 1484:

In Kassel, the so-called Villa Glitzerburg (actually Villa Wedekind) built by Wilhelm Lüer and Conrad Wilhelm Hase was a highly regarded building built in the style of the Hanover School. At the time, it was the largest private residence in Kassel.

1634:

Johannes Otzen designed a residential building for the wholesale merchant Christian Nicolai Hansen in 1869, which was "one of the first major construction projects in Flensburg, now Prussia" by Eiko Wenzel.It was built on Große Straße No. 77 near

1995:

end of 1970, there were protests. In a public advertisement, citizens called on the city administration to prevent "the purposeless destruction of this precious architectural monument". Among the undersigned were many architects, members of the

1221:". The new construction of the Christuskirche in Hanover remained without further an example for a long time. It was only almost 20 years later, from 1878 to 1882, that the next large city church was built in Linden with the Zion Church (today: 268:

expressed his appreciation: "The best developments of railway architecture I have seen are on the Hanoverian lines." The development of the railway in Lower Saxony was already well-established by this point, as the first section, the route from

1673:

building and subsequently could no longer win larger orders. In secular cultivation, he slowly turned to the emerging Art Nouveau around 1902. However, Prale failed to further develop the brick construction he represented until the onset of

1364:, was considered a model. In addition to classicist art temples, her appearance in the Renaissance style became the standard in museum building. The Hanover School could therefore only prevail for such construction tasks in its strongholds. 944:

three-dimensional foliage visible in the ornament. However, the architect remains true to the concept of continuous joints and applies them both horizontally and diagonally. Börgemann's preference for glazed bricks is most pronounced in the

345: 1471:

alternate. The medium risalite also carries dark green glazed tiles, which additionally structure it.The building of the Heiligengeiststift is one of the "most impressive"civil buildings of the Hannoversche Schule that have been preserved.

1589:

The architects of the 19th century trained at the Polytechnic School in Hanover and the teaching opinions there spread throughout northern Germany and beyond. One example was Flensburg, which was still under Danish rule until 1864. Here

1270:

planned to have the old town hall demolished.According to his idea, a larger new building was to be built in the same place, which would have offered twice as much usable space as the old building. The design came from the city builder

1693:

at the Polytechnic School in Hanover. The guiding principles of the Hannover School had a great influence on the architecture of Norway since the late 1850s, because many Norwegian architects had been trained by Hase. In Christiania

1753:, the north is associated with "anti-classical" motifs that have been regarded as "un-uncut" and "natural". In contrast, there would be the "classical south."These two opposites could also be reflected in architecture, in which 1505:

Ludwig Frühling designed the rectory for the Marktkirchengemeinde am Marktplatz in Hanover in 1883–84. The house relates to the nearby town hall, which Hase had renovated a few years earlier, via its three large finial gables.

148:("round-arched style" or Romanesque revival style) and the buildings shaped by Hase's influence. It was only later on that only the buildings designed according to Hase's teachings were counted as the "classic" Hanover School. 1770:

The influences of the Hanover School reached as far as North America. Immigrant German architects and engineers applied the principles of teaching primarily in railway construction. This mainly concerned the US state of

1312:. For representation purposes, Hase gave the wing another floor and a middle gable. At its end faces, the wing received superangular final gable, which flanks the town hall to the southeast in an almost symmetrical way. 392:

trained about 1000 full-time architects. Some of his students support Hase at the university and represented the teachings of neo-Gothic as his assistants or as professors and private lecturers. These circles included

316:

from 1855. The brick building, painted today, is divided vertically with lisens. Its middle transverse section uses a blind gable, which was decorated at the roofline. Other Hase stations on this route can be found in

1253:

have always embodied civil liberty and independence, which the buildings until the 20th century. century was the most important and representative civil buildings.The rapidly growing urban population in the course of

1549:, which gave the outer facade a rhythmic structure. The outwardly readable inner construction was entirely in line with the neo-Gothic styles, to which the "constructive truth" was considered the basic principle. 712: 963: 195:, had no influence here. After a transitional period, the Hanover School coalesced independently around 1860. Its heyday lasted until about 1900; in exceptional cases it was used until the beginning of the 1544:

constructions prevailed. However, iron supporting structures offered the great advantage of being fireproof. Where the cross members of the skeleton lay on, the outer walls usually had to be reinforced by

868: 1199:

In Germany, it occurred in the second half of the 19th century. century to a lively construction activity at churches, the peak of which was between 1880 and 1914. The reason for this was essentially the

1720:

In an essay published in 2011, Mari Hvattum discusses the development of Norwegian railway architecture in the 19th century. Century. The architects Lange and Blix created the station buildings of the so

1647:

Alexander Wilhelm Prale began his work in Flensburg near Otzen, under whose supervision he carried out two new church tower buildings as an architect or construction manager from 1878: for the church of

1296: 1826:

Börgemann around 1900 had "an increased tendency to monumentalization"compared to previous buildings of the Hannover School. The Biermann commercial building at Herrenstraße No. 8 in Hanover comes from

1204:, triggered by industrialization. New districts outside the old city center were created, new parishes were founded in many places. In Hanover, this phase began with the sensational construction of the 498:(the later university), then at the University of Göttingen, which was joined by a masonry apprenticeship. Before starting his 45-year teaching at the University of Hanover in 1849, Hase worked for the 277:, had begun operation at the end of 1838. By 1880, all of the most important lines had been completed, and in the following decades only additional feeder lines and secondary railways were constructed. 1067: 1452: 1927: 1955:

of the Marktkirche, were "liedy 'Gothic' buildings" for Deckert In the following years, many buildings from the 19th century were built. century demolished. Among other things, the rectory of the

1119: 1015: 631:(literally, "Construction Hut as a White Sheet") to counteract the dwindling influence of his work. In the late 1870s, the situation for the Hanover School had changed: After the founding of the 1463:

with a "pruificent"overangle fial gable, as well as two side risalites that indicate the rear side wings.[In the horizontal, the facade is divided by differently colored brick ribbons, and the

1951:, he had already spoken disparagingly about the houses on Karmarschstraße in 1936 and called them "badges of the Gründerzeit" The houses on the north side of the market square, including the 1813: 816: 417:

succeeded him and continued to continue his predecessor's teaching opinion in a partly modified form until 1924. In addition to the university, Hase's students also taught as teachers at the

1405: 764: 1754: 1737: 1230: 1903: 1565: 438: 1787: 1317: 1321: 1533: 1325: 418: 1665: 1640: 1222: 304:, was inaugurated in May 1853, and the section to Göttingen followed a year later. Hase was commissioned to design many of these buildings, presumably in cooperation with 1987:

Even after the demolitions of the 1950s, the monument preservation interest in buildings of the Hannoversche Schule remained partly low. Exemplary stands for this is the

1440: 125:. Its founder, the architect Conrad Wilhelm Hase, designed almost 80 new church buildings and over 60 civil buildings alone. In addition, Hase taught for 45 years at the 1801: 1657: 1205: 1180: 450: 353:

In 1882, Theodor Unger published the first comprehensive presentation of the buildings of the Hanover School. It appeared in the first architectural guide of the city -

1853:, which otherwise used a little overarchal. The overarchal fials also sound in the "strict vertical division"of the Franzius Institute. This research building for the 1649: 1226: 1540:, which was covered with masonry on the outside. For a long time, the skeleton consisted of a wooden construction, against which initially only slowly more expensive 1809:. Lorenz, who had become chief engineer of the entire railway company in 1871, caused a growing German influence. Around 1873, he designed a station in the "strict" 1674: 1595: 144:

The term "Hanover School of Architecture" probably first appeared in 1882 with Theodor Unger. At the time, however, the term also referred to the previously popular

530: 2305: 1956: 406: 312:. Stylistically, these buildings reveal the transition from the Rundbogenstil to the Hanover School, especially structures such as the main station building in 1858: 1569: 1553: 2301: 1831: 1413: 1209: 1393: 1598:

created a series of brick buildings in the sense of the Hannover School, some of which still shape the cityscape today.[The guiding principles advocated by

410: 1908: 1797: 1255: 1607:

influence on its station architecture. However, his designs followed the principles of the Rundbogenstil more than those of the "classic" Hanover School.

1842: 920: 2202: 1456: 2196: 1952: 1871: 1341: 1332:

who presented a plan for the complete restoration of the local town hall in 1883. All three - Gerber, Schwartz and Schwiening - had learned from Hase.

1329: 1184: 1212:

writes of an "architectural sensation". The church became unusually large and magnificent. According to Kokkelink, the very finely designed, detailed

2065: 1936: 1644:

significance, the house also has a contemporary historical relevance, because it shows how the bourgeoisie turns towards the German-Prussian state.[

1424: 2447: 2001: 1997: 1944: 1940: 1899: 1895: 1854: 1779: 590: 521: 495: 394: 385: 126: 1976: 1267: 1213: 1171:

The sacred buildings of the Hannover School occupy a special position. Many supporters worked primarily in the construction of churches, including

442: 430: 1385:

Church hospitals already existed in the Middle Ages, which were mostly built near the city center. In addition, there were "seven houses"(such as

2373: 2053: 1988: 1968: 1932: 1911:

way. For this purpose, he had tangential roads built (the expressways) and transformed inner city squares into "traffic turbines", including the

1201: 1188: 414: 398: 244: 1661: 2389: 2083: 1907:"aesthetic ideas", but should be determined by a "meaningful economic use of the different districts". Hillebrecht tried to transform the city 1827: 1806: 1742: 1706: 1401: 1396:

had two smaller state madhouses built around 1860.200 people were to be accommodated in the two houses, one in Osnabrück and one in Göttingen.

939:

particularly boldly; Kokkelink describes them as "brick virtuosos that span all levels of Hanoverian brick architecture." For example, in the

529:

in the Free Port of Hamburg, for which he designed numerous storage buildings himself. In addition, the customs building and the portal of the

426: 422: 305: 1960: 1653: 1636: 1468: 1428: 1284: 666: 499: 2020:

Hase's students were not only senior engineering officials and well-known architects, but they also taught at trade schools, for example in

1537: 1408:

as a closed, symmetrical facility, in the center of which a garden was created. Most of the buildings were designed by the architects in a

1397: 309: 176: 1541: 402: 1845:, built in 1927–28 in the center of Hanover, is also in the tradition of the Hanover School, with its overangle finials. The architect 1758: 1746: 1714: 1386: 597:

in Munich (1838–1840). After his studies, Tramm returned to Hanover to work there as a farm construction conductor; he also worked for

2496:(Architecture in Northern Germany. Architecture and handicrafts of the Hanover school from 1850 to 1900). Schlütersche, Hanover 1998. 1568:

was the first modern type factory to receive an external design according to Hanoverian round arch style. The building designed by

1557: 1546: 1464: 1292: 349:

Theodor Unger's architectural guide to Hanover, 1882, in which the buildings of the Hanover School are first referred to as a unit.

2017:

Hase insisted that the structure of the building and the building materials used, preferably local, remain visible to the viewer.

2009:

specialist court center in Hanover,in Lehrte, the administrative building of a former printing house in Gartenstraße disappeared.

2380:

Nachdruck des historischen Buches aus dem Klindworth's Verlag. Europäischer Hochschulverlag, Bremen 2011, ISBN 978-3-86741-493-7.

2503:(Under the banner of the Hanover School of Architecture: The architect Edwin Oppler (1831-1880) and his Silesian buildings). In 1786:

from 1844 to 1846. Like many graduates of the time, Lorenz also suffered from a lame construction activity in the course of the

1745:- character. The Jarlsberg route thus illustrates a cultural debate that the 19th century. century determined. For the German 1299:

to develop a restoration and use concept for the town hall. The discussions about the concept lasted a good ten years before

296:. The route was already planned in 1845, but its completion was delayed due to the uncertain political situation before the 2554: 619: 653:: The work of a teacher is not per se more valuable than that of his student, only the creative power of a person counts. 2559: 2512: 2418:

Lit, Münster / Hamburg / London 2000, zugleich veränderte Dissertation, Universität Minden, 1989, ISBN 3-8258-4369-6.

1627:

and especially Alexander Wilhelm Prale provided that the cityscape was minted. Both Otzen and Prale had learned from

1448:. The middle one of it takes up the entrance and is therefore slightly wider and higher than the lateral risalites.[ 2501:

Im Zeichen der Hannoverschen Architekturschule: Der Architekt Edwin Oppler (1831-1880) und seine schlesischen Bauten

1459:

chose design elements of the "classic" Hanover School. A south facade of 76 m in length was created. She received a

2346:

Forschungsbericht des Instituts für Bau- und Kunstgeschichte der Universität Hannover. Selbstverlag, Hannover 1983.

1340:

Most museums during the neo-Gothic construction phase were created in the 1880s and 1890s, by which art historian

1208:

in 1859. For Ulrike Faber-Hermann, this is considered "the actual founding building of the Hannoversche Schule",

1992: 1874:, which rejected historicism. The Heimatschutz movement, like historicism, borrowed from historical role models. 579:

in Essen in 1875. From 1875, he worked as a government and building councilor in Berlin. Together with Hase and

1741:

seen as a reflection of the regional environment - Nordic - while the urban stations reflected a European -

643: 598: 208: 164:. Two branches of it can be distinguished: (1) the "Tramm style" (Tramm-stil) developed by court councilor 118: 1689:(1831-1901) worked in the railway construction of their home country in the 1880s. Both had studied under 2155: 1926:

tried in 1964 to persuade the city to a statute for the protection of historical buildings. There was no

623:

House of Bauhütte located at Braunstrasse no. 28 in the Calenberger Neustadt quarter of Hanover, Germany.

572: 65: 1615:

Within Germany, the Hannover School spread north to the Danish border. In Flensburg, which was ruled by

1967:

house (hare, 1859) were affected by the buildings of Hanover School. The Ratsgymnasium on Georgsplatz (

1923: 337:, the stations show elements of the Rundbogenstil, but probably were only built between 1865 and 1870. 1620: 1328:

led the comprehensive restoration of the town hall, carried out from 1883 to 1887. In Lübeck, it was

679:

However, as early as the 1880s and 1890s, many students of Hase deviated from his strict principles.

606: 580: 114: 2089: 1902:

time and criticized it as "poor" and "not exactly complex" during his studies.[He did not join the

1564:

to be a model for other architectural currents, proved to be forward-looking here. In Hanover, the

1263: 586: 179: 165: 594: 471: 220: 1972: 1750: 1550: 1272: 365: 188: 169: 2357:

Hannover. Wiederaufbau und Zerstörung. Die Stadt im Umgang mit ihrer bauhistorischen Identität.

2029: 1561: 292:

Many Gothic-revival railway stations were built along the Hannöversche Südbahn from Hanover to

2539: 2310:

Baukunst in Norddeutschland. Architektur und Kunsthandwerk der Hannoverschen Schule 1850–1900.

2494:

Baukunst in Norddeutschland. Architektur und Kunsthandwerk der Hannoverschen Schule 1850-1900

1305: 369: 2180:

Church of the Apostles, Hanover, 1880–1884, expansion from 1889 to 1891, Conrad Wilhelm Hase

669:

as a visible raw material. Any material should be considered "real" if it is used correctly.

168:, characterized by staves and corner pole towers, and (2) the style founded by city builder 1919:. Between the back of the station and Raschplatz, traffic routes were built on two levels. 265: 8: 2071: 2059: 1964: 1850: 1690: 1628: 1599: 1467:

also vary. The third floor is highlighted from the lower floors, here double windows and

1436: 1300: 1192: 517: 482: 389: 297: 129:

and trained around 1000 full-time architects, many of whom adopted his style principles.

1012:

Brick fence pillar with rhythmically applied glazed stones on the Holy Spirit Hospital (

2126: 1883: 1713:, left, location) and regionally-traditional buildings for rural stops in the sense of 1686: 1603: 161: 1432: 2508: 1886:

was elected city planning councilor of Hanover.He was considered a representative of

1217:

between there is space for an arched vestibule, which crowned hare with a "powerful

289:). The innovations concerned architecture as well as urban planning and technology. 1916: 1435:. With contrasting bricks in red, he revisited the idea of brick polychromy, which 1361: 960:

Holy Spirit Hospital and Monastery decorated with foliage and ornamental elements (

940: 286: 110: 487: 219:

in favor of medieval forms, which he considered stylistically pure. The architect

1792: 434: 373: 196: 458: 274: 2359:

Zweite, überarbeitete Auflage. Schlütersche, Hannover 2000, ISBN 3-87706-659-3.

1891: 1624: 1591: 1420: 1288: 1176: 1172: 446: 261: 2021: 1887: 1846: 1522: 2548: 2184: 1810: 1805:

of the "lively surfaces of medieval architecture" than of the quiet forms of

1783: 1736:.While the stations of larger cities received buildings in a rather ordinary 1725: 1721: 1702: 1409: 1357: 1309: 1276: 1135: 1121: 1083: 1069: 1031: 1017: 979: 965: 884: 870: 832: 818: 780: 766: 728: 714: 636: 632: 602: 526: 511: 503: 476: 199:, and extended over northern Germany, as well as to a certain extent abroad. 86: 2394:

Die Universität Hannover: ihre Bauten, ihre Gärten, ihre Planungsgeschichte.

709:

House of the Military Clothing Commission in Hannover-Calenberger Neustadt (

19: 2518: 2103: 2077: 1971:, 1854), built in a round arch style, had to give way to a new building of 1772: 576: 558: 540: 361: 270: 228: 106: 2177:

Old City Hall, Hanover, restoration from 1878 to 1882, Conrad Wilhelm Hase

2158:, Schulenburg (Pattensen), 1857–1867, Conrad Wilhelm Hase and Edwin Oppler 293: 113:

in the second half of the 19th century, characterized by a move away from

61: 34: 318: 236: 192: 75: 1922:

In order to preserve old building fabric during the transformation, the

2139:

Absence of exterior plaster, decorative sculptures and colored surfaces

2033: 929: 122: 1912: 1877: 1412:

or in an "even more classicist neo-Gothic", as the building historian

247:, continued the Gothic-revival program of his predecessor until 1924. 2201:

Community house and parsonage, Church of Christ, Hanover, 1905–1906,

562: 2489:(The architecture of the Hanover School). 7 vols., Hanover, 1888-95. 2192: 2036:, there was a group of Hase's admirers in the teachers' association 91: 2416:

Bürgerlicher Wohnbau des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts in Minden.

2207:

Gym of the Gymnastics Club, Hanover, 1864–65, W. Hauers, W. Schultz

449:(Otto Blanke, Wilhelm Schultz. At the important first North German 413:(from 1895). After Hase's departure from the Technical University, 313: 2507:(Hanoverian History Pages), Hanover, 2000, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 2396:

Imhof, Petersberg 2003, ISBN 3-935590-90-3. Fußnote 23 auf S. 128.

1259:

showed architecturally how proud and important a city had become.

2446:

Forschungsbericht des Instituts für Bau- und Kunstgeschichte der

2171: 2025: 1894:. He could not derive much from the architecture training at the 1835: 1729: 1616: 1460: 1445: 1250: 1218: 566: 554: 514:

in Hanover into a Technical University (Teschnischen Hochschule).

330: 326: 232: 212: 133: 80: 69: 54: 39: 28: 2109:

Preference for local building materials (wood, brick, sandstone)

697:

double townhouses Prinzenstraße 4 and 6 (Georg Hagemann, 1869).

665:: This principle refers to the controversial use of unplastered 256:

railway construction, including Hase and some of his employees.

2133: 2120: 2116: 1728:" along the southeastern coast of Norway between the cities of 1710: 1280: 545: 334: 301: 282: 240: 224: 216: 184: 45: 1939:, at the time state conservator and previously rector of the 1733: 1348:

museum construction.[This time was preceded by the phases of

453:, there was a circle of Hase admirers with the Lehrerverein 2130: 2032:. At the first major North German building trade school in 1695: 1523:

Factories, Railway Stations, and other Industrial Buildings

865:

Double townhouses Prinzenstraße 4 and 6 in Hannover-Mitte (

322: 2378:

Hannover 1882: Ein Führer durch die Stadt und ihre Bauten.

1324:. This was realized between 1883 and 1886. In Hildesheim, 627:

In November 1880, Hase founded the association called the

2161:

Church of Christ, Hanover, 1859–1864, Conrad Wilhelm Hase

1778:

The architect Wilhelm Lorenz (1826-1884), trained at the

1762:

to the "rigid" and "artificial" classicism of the south.

1685:

The Norwegian architects Balthazar Lange (1854-1937) and

1536:. The factories were often designed inside as a skeleton 1949:

The preservation of monuments in the province of Hanover

2152:

Artists' House, Hanover, 1853–1856, Conrad Wilhelm Hase

457:

in the 1860s, who sought to spread the Hanover School (

2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 1701:

Train station architecture by Balthazar Lange for the

1245: 132:

The expanding industrialization of nineteenth-century

1602:

found their way to Norway, where Balthazar Lange and

1493:

the Hanover School, as well as the decorative gable.

1064:

Apartment house on Callinstrasse 4 in the Nordstadt (

360:

In Unger's architectural guide, the Berlin architect

2469:

Bestandsaufnahme, Katalog des gesammelten Materials.

2444:

Bestandsaufnahme, Katalog des gesammelten Materials.

2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2344:

Bestandsaufnahme, Katalog des gesammelten Materials.

2164:

Jewish sermon hall, Hanover, 1861–1864, Edwin Oppler

1584: 1116:

Special shaped bricks on the Turn-Klubbe gymnasium (

329:(then Salzderhelden, 1855) and Göttingen (1855). In 156:

The Hanover School was preceded by the phase of the

2529:(Encyclopedia of the city of Hanover), p. 257. 2453: 2315: 1878:

Redevelopment of Hanover after the Second World War

1982: 1475: 1297:Hanoverian Association of Architects and Engineers 2421: 1931:architecture". He also talks about "embarrassing 2546: 2312:Schlütersche, Hannover 1998, ISBN 3-87706-538-4. 1513: 1320:designed the plan for a complete restoration of 1196:factories, schools, post offices and hospitals. 1161: 928:and marks the transition from Gothic-revival to 355:Hannover: Führer durch die Stadt und ihre Bauten 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2383: 1947:, shared Hillebrecht's views. In his inventory 1790:. As a result, he left Germany to work for the 470:Ludwig Droste (1814–1875): Droste studied with 409:(from 1885), Theodor Schlieben (from 1890) and 1857:was built in 1928-31 under the supervision of 1782:, played a special role.[He had studied with 2465:Die Bauwerke der Eisenbahn in Niedersachsen. 2440:Die Bauwerke der Eisenbahn in Niedersachsen. 2399: 2349: 2340:Die Bauwerke der Eisenbahn in Niedersachsen. 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 1698:) there was a separate group of supporters. 1380: 2492:Günther Kokkelink, Monika Lemke Kokkelink: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2167:Synagogue, Hanover, 1863–1870, Edwin Oppler 2142:Recognizability of the brick building shell 2047: 1453:Hospital St. Spirit (Holy Spirit Monastery) 923:also benefited from this. Karl Börgemann's 379: 2136:above windows and doors (round arch style) 2123:, and glazed bricks as decorative elements 1275:, who provided for a four-storey house in 397:(from 1858), Arthur Schröder (from 1869), 250: 2525:(Hanoverian school of architecture). In: 2487:Die Architektur der Hannoverschen Schule. 1367: 340: 2459:Günther Kokkelink, Eberhard G. Neumann: 2334:Günther Kokkelink, Eberhard G. Neumann: 2218: 910: 618: 601:. Tramm is considered a follower of the 589:(1819-1861): Tramm first studied at the 544: 486: 344: 121:and distinguished by a turn towards the 85: 74: 60: 44: 33: 18: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2112:Brick wall facades with brick ornaments 761:Henriettenstift in Hanover's Südstadt ( 687: 2547: 2040:("Art club") who sought to spread the 1993:Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung at the 1166: 433:). Many students were also working at 243:. Hase's successor at the university, 1864: 1451:In Heiligengeistraße in Hanover, the 682: 300:. The first section, from Hanover to 2540:Life and work of Conrad Wilhelm Hase 2362: 2096: 1820: 464: 2463:In: Sabine Baumgart, Jürgen Knotz: 2338:In: Sabine Baumgart, Jürgen Knotz: 1793:Philadelphia & Reading Railroad 1246:Town Halls and Government Buildings 451:building trade school in Holzminden 13: 520:(1837-1901): Meyer studied at the 172:with three-dimensional brickwork. 14: 2571: 2533: 1585:Expansion Outside of Lower Saxony 991:Eingang des Heiligen-Geist-Stifts 500:Royal Hanover Railway Directorate 127:Polytechnic University in Hanover 99:Hanoverian school of architecture 16:Architectural movement in Germany 1924:Association of German Architects 1855:Hanover University of Technology 1849:was a leading representative of 1775:, where most Germans emigrated. 1765: 1109: 1057: 1005: 953: 858: 806: 754: 702: 2479: 2438:Sabine Baumgart, Jürgen Knotz: 1983:Demolition of the Villa Willmer 1476:Villas and Single-family Houses 1439:had already applied to today's 1431:, created from 1885 to 1887 in 614: 191:, the "Schinkelschule," at the 2523:Hannoversche Architekturschule 2505:Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter 2450:. Selbstverlag, Hannover 1983. 1780:Hanover Polytechnic University 1675:homeland security architecture 1392:For mentally ill people, King 593:(from 1835) and then moved to 419:Hanover School of Applied Arts 372:, while Stier belonged to the 1: 2472:Conrad Wilhelm Hase verfasst. 2211: 1935:of culturally weak decades". 1890:and was a great supporter of 1709:buildings for larger cities ( 1514:Mixed-Use Apartment Buildings 1162:Exemplary Building Typologies 740:Militär-Bekleidungskommission 2012: 1610: 1556:, which with its pronounced 1496: 896:Doppelwohnhaus Prinzenstraße 813:Marstall in Nord (Hanover) ( 644:Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves 441:(Erich Apolant, in Hamburg ( 364:, who had recently designed 209:Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves 7: 2555:German architectural styles 2146: 2129:on the verge and segmental 1963:, 1892) and the remains of 1717:(Skoppum, right, location) 640:Friedrich zum weißen Pferde 591:Polytechnic School Hannover 522:Polytechnic School Hannover 496:Polytechnic School Hannover 439:Baugewerkschule Eckernförde 386:Polytechnic School Hannover 384:During his teaching at the 10: 2576: 1554:Building Academy in Berlin 1335: 1236: 494:Hase first learned at the 151: 2560:19th-century architecture 1680: 1562:construction axes, proved 1381:Hospitals and Monasteries 1308:with the western city of 1181:Johannes Franziskus Klomp 642:, whose members included 629:Bauhütte zum weißen Blatt 215:tendencies borrowed from 2090:Christian Heinrich Tramm 2048:Selected representatives 1811:round arch style for the 1225:Within a few years, the 1202:growing urban population 587:Christian Heinrich Tramm 380:Supporters of the School 211:as well as from the neo- 166:Christian Heinrich Tramm 1928:monument protection law 1882:In the summer of 1948, 1796:railway company in the 1751:Johann Gottfried Herder 1596:Alexander Wilhelm Prale 1566:mechanical weaving mill 1344:describes as a time of 1095:Wohnhaus Callinstraße 4 366:Hanover Central Station 251:The Role of the Railway 189:Karl Friedrich Schinkel 170:August Heinrich Andreae 2414:Ulrike Faber-Hermann: 2306:Monika Lemke-Kokkelink 2102:Adherence to medieval 1656:and for the church of 1368:Schools and Gymnasiums 1360:, built in 1847-55 by 1358:Dresden Gemäldegalerie 1147:Turn-Klubb in Hannover 1136:52.366282°N 9.743152°E 1084:52.386267°N 9.716919°E 1043:Gemauerter Zaunpfeiler 1032:52.368591°N 9.770286°E 980:52.367697°N 9.768307°E 885:52.373842°N 9.744550°E 833:52.381900°N 9.720375°E 781:52.369796°N 9.755042°E 729:52.368802°N 9.723927°E 624: 550: 492: 435:building trade schools 350: 341:Contemporary Reception 141:numerous demolitions. 94: 83: 72: 58: 42: 31: 2527:Stadtlexikon Hannover 2188:, Hamburg, about 1890 1965:Conrad Wilhelm Hase's 1233:followed in Hanover. 911:Gothic-Revival Branch 657:Friendship in the hut 622: 548: 490: 437:, for example at the 370:Friedrich von Schmidt 348: 221:Friedrich von Gärtner 89: 78: 64: 48: 37: 22: 2485:Gustav Schönermark: 2448:Universität Hannover 2392:, Wolfgang Pietsch: 1859:Franz Erich Kassbaum 1570:Heinrich Ludwig Debo 1264:town hall in Hanover 688:Rundbogenstil Branch 266:George Gilbert Scott 239:and especially from 109:that was popular in 38:Church of Christ in 27:(Artists' House) in 2170:St. Luke's Church, 2072:Franz Andreas Meyer 2060:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 1851:brick expressionism 1838:in Hannover-List.[ 1691:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 1677:, comments Wenzel. 1629:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 1600:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 1437:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 1322:Göttingen City Hall 1301:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 1193:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 1167:Religious Buildings 1141:52.366282; 9.743152 1131: / 1089:52.386267; 9.716919 1079: / 1037:52.368591; 9.770286 1027: / 985:52.367697; 9.768307 975: / 890:52.373842; 9.744550 880: / 838:52.381900; 9.720375 828: / 786:52.369796; 9.755042 776: / 734:52.368802; 9.723927 724: / 651:Equality before art 518:Franz Andreas Meyer 491:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 483:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 390:Conrad Wilhelm Hase 298:Revolutions of 1848 2355:Friedrich Lindau: 2127:Crow-stepped gable 1998:Hanover University 1941:Hanover University 1896:Hanover University 1884:Rudolf Hillebrecht 1865:Later Developments 1687:Peter Andreas Blix 1604:Peter Andreas Blix 1406:Göttingen facility 683:Stylistic Branches 625: 551: 493: 407:Gustav Schönermark 351: 162:Kingdom of Hanover 95: 84: 73: 59: 43: 32: 2302:Günther Kokkelink 2156:Marienburg Castle 2097:Elements of style 2042:Hanoverian school 1909:in a car-friendly 1900:Technology at the 1843:Anzeiger-Hochhaus 1832:Günther Kokkelink 1821:Demise and legacy 1788:German Revolution 1666:Schiffbrückstraße 1621:German-Danish War 1414:Günther Kokkelink 1256:industrialization 1210:Günther Kokkelink 921:Hanover Town Hall 465:Important Members 177:Hanoverian Church 79:Old City Hall in 66:Marienburg Castle 2567: 2473: 2457: 2451: 2436: 2419: 2412: 2397: 2387: 2381: 2371: 2360: 2353: 2347: 2332: 2313: 2299: 2197:Adolf Schwiening 1917:Aegidientorplatz 1872:Heimatschutzstil 1425:Clementine House 1410:round arch style 1362:Gottfried Semper 1352:(1815–1848) and 1342:Volker Plagemann 1330:Adolf Schwiening 1277:round arch style 1206:Christian Church 1185:Johannes Vollmer 1155: 1154: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1113: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1061: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1009: 999: 998: 996: 995: 994: 992: 987: 986: 981: 976: 973: 972: 971: 968: 957: 941:de:Villa Willmer 904: 903: 901: 900: 899: 897: 892: 891: 886: 881: 878: 877: 876: 873: 862: 852: 851: 849: 848: 847: 845: 840: 839: 834: 829: 826: 825: 824: 821: 810: 800: 799: 797: 796: 795: 793: 788: 787: 782: 777: 774: 773: 772: 769: 758: 748: 747: 745: 744: 743: 741: 736: 735: 730: 725: 722: 721: 720: 717: 706: 673:Stick to the old 603:round arch style 504:round arch style 477:round arch style 411:Eduard Schlöbcke 223:, who taught in 111:Northern Germany 2575: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2565: 2564: 2545: 2544: 2536: 2482: 2477: 2476: 2458: 2454: 2437: 2422: 2413: 2400: 2388: 2384: 2372: 2363: 2354: 2350: 2333: 2316: 2300: 2219: 2214: 2149: 2099: 2066:Hermann Hunaeus 2050: 2015: 1985: 1937:Hermann Deckert 1880: 1867: 1823: 1768: 1726:Jarlsberg route 1703:Jarlsberg route 1683: 1613: 1587: 1525: 1516: 1499: 1478: 1461:middle risalite 1441:Künstlerhaus in 1383: 1370: 1338: 1326:Gustav Schwartz 1318:Heinrich Gerber 1248: 1239: 1223:Erlöserkirche). 1169: 1164: 1157: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1105: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1053: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1001: 990: 988: 984: 982: 978: 977: 974: 969: 966: 964: 962: 961: 958: 913: 906: 895: 893: 889: 887: 883: 882: 879: 874: 871: 869: 867: 866: 863: 854: 844:Marstallgebäude 843: 841: 837: 835: 831: 830: 827: 822: 819: 817: 815: 814: 811: 802: 792:Henriettenstift 791: 789: 785: 783: 779: 778: 775: 770: 767: 765: 763: 762: 759: 750: 739: 737: 733: 731: 727: 726: 723: 718: 715: 713: 711: 710: 707: 690: 685: 617: 531:new Elbe bridge 467: 382: 343: 253: 197:First World War 154: 105:is a school of 17: 12: 11: 5: 2573: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2543: 2542: 2535: 2534:External links 2532: 2531: 2530: 2516: 2499:Saskia Rohde: 2497: 2490: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2452: 2420: 2398: 2382: 2361: 2348: 2314: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2203:Karl Börgemann 2199: 2189: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2153: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2124: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2057: 2049: 2046: 2044:in the 1860s. 2014: 2011: 1984: 1981: 1977:Hanns Dustmann 1892:Walter Gropius 1879: 1876: 1866: 1863: 1822: 1819: 1767: 1764: 1749:starting from 1682: 1679: 1625:Johannes Otzen 1612: 1609: 1592:Johannes Otzen 1586: 1583: 1524: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1498: 1495: 1477: 1474: 1457:Karl Börgemann 1421:Christoph Hehl 1382: 1379: 1369: 1366: 1337: 1334: 1289:segment arches 1273:August Andreae 1268:Wilhelm Rumann 1247: 1244: 1238: 1235: 1227:Apostle Church 1214:roof landscape 1177:Christoph Hehl 1173:Johannes Otzen 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1115: 1108: 1106: 1063: 1056: 1054: 1011: 1004: 1002: 959: 952: 912: 909: 908: 907: 864: 857: 855: 812: 805: 803: 760: 753: 751: 708: 701: 689: 686: 684: 681: 677: 676: 670: 660: 654: 616: 613: 612: 611: 584: 570: 538: 534: 515: 507: 480: 466: 463: 443:Hugo Groothoff 431:Hermann Narten 381: 378: 342: 339: 252: 249: 153: 150: 103:Hanover School 90:Courthouse in 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2572: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2513:3-7752-5954-6 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2417: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2379: 2375: 2374:Theodor Unger 2370: 2368: 2366: 2358: 2352: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2217: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2195:, 1894–1896, 2194: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2185:Speicherstadt 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2054:Ludwig Droste 2052: 2051: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2010: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1989:Villa Willmer 1980: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1969:Ludwig Droste 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1875: 1873: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1798:United States 1795: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1784:Ernst Ebeling 1781: 1776: 1774: 1766:North America 1763: 1760: 1759:neo-Gothicism 1756: 1755:neoclassicism 1752: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1715:neo-Gothicism 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534:transmissions 1529: 1520: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1473: 1470: 1469:glare arcades 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1433:Hannover-List 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1404:designed the 1403: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1387:plague houses 1378: 1374: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1306:train station 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1285:glare arcades 1283:, two-storey 1282: 1281:brick reliefs 1278: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1257: 1252: 1243: 1234: 1232: 1231:Triple Church 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1189:Eduard Endler 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1153: 1112: 1107: 1101: 1060: 1055: 1049: 1008: 1003: 997: 956: 951: 950: 949: 947: 942: 936: 932: 931: 926: 922: 917: 902: 861: 856: 850: 809: 804: 798: 757: 752: 746: 705: 700: 699: 698: 694: 680: 674: 671: 668: 664: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 648: 647: 645: 641: 638: 637:Masonic lodge 634: 633:German Empire 630: 621: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 585: 582: 578: 574: 571: 568: 564: 560: 556: 547: 543:(1831-1880): 542: 539: 535: 533:are his work. 532: 528: 527:Speicherstadt 523: 519: 516: 513: 512:Welfenschloss 508: 505: 501: 497: 489: 484: 481: 478: 473: 469: 468: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 415:Karl Mohrmann 412: 408: 405:(from 1883), 404: 401:(from 1872), 400: 399:Werner Schuch 396: 391: 387: 377: 375: 374:Berlin School 371: 367: 363: 358: 356: 347: 338: 336: 332: 328: 324: 321:(1858–1860), 320: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 288: 284: 278: 276: 272: 267: 263: 257: 248: 246: 245:Karl Mohrmann 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 204: 200: 198: 194: 190: 186: 181: 178: 173: 171: 167: 163: 159: 158:Rundbogenstil 149: 147: 146:Rundbogenstil 142: 138: 135: 130: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 93: 88: 82: 77: 71: 67: 63: 56: 52: 47: 41: 36: 30: 26: 21: 2526: 2522: 2519:Klaus Mlynek 2504: 2500: 2493: 2486: 2480:Bibliography 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2443: 2439: 2415: 2393: 2390:Sid Auffarth 2385: 2377: 2356: 2351: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2309: 2191:Courthouse, 2183: 2174:, about 1875 2104:brick Gothic 2084:Julius Rasch 2078:Edwin Oppler 2041: 2037: 2019: 2016: 2007: 1986: 1948: 1921: 1881: 1868: 1840: 1828:Alfred Sasse 1824: 1791: 1777: 1773:Pennsylvania 1769: 1738:neoclassical 1719: 1700: 1684: 1671: 1646: 1633: 1631:in Hanover. 1614: 1588: 1579: 1575: 1530: 1526: 1517: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1450: 1427:with yellow 1423:blinded the 1419: 1402:Julius Rasch 1391: 1384: 1375: 1371: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1339: 1314: 1261: 1249: 1240: 1198: 1170: 945: 937: 933: 930:Art Nouveau. 924: 918: 914: 695: 691: 678: 672: 663:Truth in Art 662: 656: 650: 639: 628: 626: 615:Die Bauhütte 577:Alfred Krupp 573:Julius Rasch 559:Karlovy Vary 549:Edwin Oppler 541:Edwin Oppler 485:(1818-1902): 459:Carl Schäfer 454: 427:Adolf Narten 423:Otto Bollweg 395:Wilhelm Lüer 383: 362:Hubert Stier 359: 354: 352: 306:Julius Rasch 291: 279: 275:Wolfenbüttel 271:Braunschweig 258: 254: 229:the Americas 205: 201: 180:consistorial 174: 157: 155: 145: 143: 139: 131: 107:architecture 102: 98: 96: 50: 25:Künstlerhaus 24: 2092:(1819–1861) 2086:(1830–1887) 2080:(1831–1880) 2074:(1837–1901) 2068:(1812–1893) 2062:(1818–1902) 2056:(1814–1875) 2022:Eckernförde 1961:Paul Rowald 1957:Kreuzkirche 1933:eclecticism 1847:Fritz Höger 1658:St. Nikolai 1654:Nordermarkt 1637:Nordermarkt 1558:brick lilys 1139: / 1087: / 1035: / 983: / 888: / 836: / 784: / 732: / 319:Nordstemmen 237:Netherlands 193:Bauakademie 119:neo-Baroque 57:-Klostertor 2549:Categories 2212:References 2038:Kunstclubb 2034:Holzminden 2002:Technology 1945:Technology 1807:classicism 1802:Norristown 1743:classicist 1707:Classicist 1662:Südermarkt 1650:St. Marien 1619:after the 1551:Schinkel's 1398:Adolf Funk 1262:About the 1251:Town halls 1145: ( 1123:52°21′59″N 1093: ( 1071:52°23′11″N 1041: ( 1019:52°22′07″N 989: ( 967:52°22′04″N 946:Grönen Hus 925:Grönes Hus 894: ( 872:52°22′26″N 842: ( 820:52°22′55″N 790: ( 768:52°22′11″N 738: ( 716:52°22′08″N 581:Adolf Funk 455:Kunstclubb 310:Adolf Funk 264:architect 123:neo-Gothic 115:classicism 2376:(Hrsg.): 2013:Reception 1979:, 1957). 1888:modernity 1747:romantics 1623:in 1864, 1611:Flensburg 1542:cast iron 1497:Rectories 1354:bourgeois 1126:9°44′35″E 1074:9°43′01″E 1022:9°46′13″E 970:9°46′06″E 875:9°44′40″E 823:9°43′13″E 771:9°45′18″E 719:9°43′26″E 610:planning. 563:Norderney 403:Max Kolde 294:Göttingen 287:Oldenburg 2467:Teil 1: 2461:Vorwort. 2442:Teil 1: 2342:Teil 1: 2336:Vorwort. 2147:Examples 2030:Nienburg 1915:and the 1904:Bauhütte 1724:called " 1641:christen 1538:building 1465:cornices 1394:George V 1350:princely 1293:lisenens 605:, whose 447:Nienburg 445:) or in 325:(1855), 314:Sarstedt 51:Münzburg 2172:Lauenau 2134:lintels 2115:German 2026:Hamburg 1973:Nord/LB 1953:rectory 1913:Kröpcke 1836:Bahlsen 1814:Reading 1730:Drammen 1617:Prussia 1560:in the 1336:Museums 1237:Palaces 1219:eyelash 595:Gärtner 567:Hamelin 555:Wroclaw 472:Gärtner 331:Banteln 327:Einbeck 262:British 233:England 213:baroque 152:Origins 134:Germany 81:Hanover 70:Hanover 55:Hamburg 40:Hanover 29:Hanover 2511: 2193:Lübeck 2121:dentil 2117:frieze 2028:, and 1711:Larvik 1681:Norway 1547:lisens 1455:built. 1446:ricals 1429:bricks 1310:Linden 667:bricks 429:, and 335:Freden 302:Alfeld 283:Uelzen 241:Norway 235:, the 225:Vienna 217:France 185:Berlin 92:Lübeck 2106:style 1734:Skien 1639:.The 1346:state 607:stave 599:Laves 68:near 2509:ISBN 2131:arch 1841:The 1757:and 1732:and 1696:Oslo 1594:and 1400:and 1291:and 1229:and 1187:and 565:and 333:and 323:Elze 308:and 175:The 117:and 97:The 49:The 23:The 2000:of 1943:of 1898:of 1660:at 1652:am 461:). 285:or 273:to 187:'s 101:or 53:in 2551:: 2521:: 2423:^ 2401:^ 2364:^ 2317:^ 2308:: 2304:, 2220:^ 2119:, 2024:, 1861:. 1705:: 1287:, 1191:. 1183:, 1179:, 1175:, 561:, 557:, 425:, 388:, 376:. 231:, 2515:. 1975:( 1959:( 1722:- 1694:( 1156:) 1149:) 1104:) 1097:) 1052:) 1045:) 1000:) 993:) 905:) 898:) 853:) 846:) 801:) 794:) 749:) 742:) 569:. 421:(

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Hanover school of architecture

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