1347:
451:. PRC reinforcements were expected to arrive five days before the landing, so any landing would meet an immediate counterattack. It was estimated the landing would require 270,000 troops â about a third of mobilized strength â and suffer 50,000 casualties. After the landing, the ROC would advance by covertly fomenting, or taking advantage of unrest in the PRC. However, this was too vague for planning purposes, and so detailed planning did not proceed beyond Phase I. Planners recognized that even Phase I was a difficult proposition; it stretched available manpower and exceeded available sea and airlift for troops and
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first half of 1962; it created organizations for wartime mobilization and administration, the
Special Defence Budget, and a new tax â the Special Defence Levy â that would be collected until June 1963. These government developments were noticed by foreign observers. ROC agents and paramilitary forces along the coast shifted from gathering intelligence to probing attacks in 1962 and 1963. In April 1964, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the construction of a headquarters, including air raid shelters, behind his residence at
1267:
1329:
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623:. However, in 1987 the nominally defensive "Ku-an" plan gained an â ultimately incomplete â section pertaining to attacking the mainland based on the strategic concept that "the principal battlefield is the mainland, and the secondary battlefield is Taiwan." The ROCAF remained organized as an offensive force, and
606:
on 1 June 1972. Crucially, Chiang Kai-shek suffered a road accident in
September 1969 after which he gradually receded from politics as his health declined. Between 1969 and 1972, the international position of the ROC changed radically due to the normalization of relations between the US and the PRC.
414:
By 1961, the ROC assessed that conditions were becoming favorable. Project
Guoguang later identified that the ideal time to attack was when the PRC was embroiled in political strife, or at war with rebels or neighbouring countries. The PRC was suffering internal unrest from the Great Leap Forward and
566:
in 1966 prompted the ROC to review its plans in anticipation of exploiting unrest on the mainland. In 1967, Chiang Kai-shek was confident that the instability overtaking the PRC â including in the government and military â would not be short-lived. The ROC again â and for the last time â sought US
423:
Project
Guoguang was established on 1 April 1961. The ROCAF created a staff, the Guoguang Operation Office, that was the primary supervisory body for invasion planning and preparations; it was led by a lieutenant general and reported directly to Chiang Kai-shek. The government also prepared in the
458:
The ROC also sought US support as a necessary precondition for war, and which could make up for the transport and logistics shortfalls. However, the US opposed the resumption of warfare in China; it communicated this through diplomatic channels, and by overtly surveilling the ROC's preparations
618:
For a time, the ROC may have abandoned the expectation of mounting a large scale attack on the PRC; the
Operation Planning Office was abolished on 20 July 1972. Attention shifted to the "Wang-shih" plan, which was revised in 1976 on the unrealized possibility of exploiting the death of
354:. The use of a large scale invasion as the initial stage of reunification was effectively abandoned after 1966, although the Guoguang planning organization was not abolished until 1972. The ROC did not abandon the policy of using force for reunification until 1990.
594:
and propaganda. Initially, the ROCAF studied the "Wang-shih" plan which used special forces to infiltrate the PRC and incite rebellion. In response to the new strategy, the ROCAF adopted the defensive "Ku-an" plan while offensive preparations continued.
639:
after Chiang Ching-kuo's death in 1988, then formally assumed that office in 1990. He immediately abandoned the policy of pursuing the reunification of China through force, which allowed the ROCAF to adopt a fully defensive posture starting in 1991.
590:") in the PRC â which an ROC invasion could then support â and significant changes to the international environment. The new strategy was to build an economy to support offensive operations while encouraging revolution in the PRC with
2583:
2254:
338:(PRC) by large scale invasion. It was the most elaborate of the ROCs plans or studies to invade the mainland after 1949. Guoguang was initiated in 1961 in response to events involving the PRC, particularly the
2496:
1755:
388:
of the native
Taiwanese population drew special attention to support conscription and mobilization. In March 1956, plans envisioned the mobilization of 730,000 men from the ages of 21 to 35.
661:
2234:
1712:
2077:
2501:
1785:
2002:
1312:
615:
demanded that the ROC pay more attention to defense. Chiang Ching-kuo appreciated this, although he continued to support â at least in principle â an eventual offensive.
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On 24 June, an amphibious landing exercise in southern Taiwan caused the deaths of over ten soldiers when strong waves overturned five amphibious assault vehicles.
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1814:
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that the invasion was imminent. A final decision was to be made on 20 July. Mobilized officers, and personnel deployed to Jinmen, were required to have a
391:
The ROC also planned and sought opportunities to attack the PRC. From 1951 to 1954, the ROC's irregular Anti-Communist
Salvation Army â trained by the US
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province. The offer was rejected as the US was then attempting to limit the war and did not want to expand the conflict (at this time intervention in
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soldiers, the White Group, contributed to planning and personnel training. The provision of military aid from the US was formalized with the
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forced the ROC to reassess its strategy. Economic development â upon which military preparedness would depend â now had to be considered.
399:â while the PRC's attention was diverted â was declined by the US. Other options that were considered were a regional campaign on the PRC-
384:. By the end of the 1950s, the ROCAF was an effective defensive force. General indoctrination and anti-PRC propaganda was widespread. The
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remained committed to recovering the mainland The ROC took steps to stabilize its position and prepare for the future war. The
350:. Guoguang was never executed; it required more troops and material than the ROC could muster, and it lacked support from the
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1997:
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1939:
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In April 2009 it was announced that secret documentation for
Project Guoguang would be declassified and displayed at the
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2132:
636:
476:
460:
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395:â raided the PRC coast from ROC-controlled islands near the mainland. The ROC's offer to attack the PRC during the
1149:"Saving the Nation by Sacrificing Your Life: Authoritarianism and Chiang Kai-shek's War for the Retaking of China"
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as part of preparations. Ultimately, no invasion was launched but the year was marred by accidents and defeats.
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2019:
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493:(ROCN) warships carrying troops to conduct a reconnaissance of the mainland were intercepted and sunk by
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1971:
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2087:
1184:"When did the ROC abandon "Retaking the Mainland"? The transformation of military strategy in Taiwan"
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1976:
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376:(ROCAF) undertook reforms. The conscription system was modified to produce a reserve. Former
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8:
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The war plan was divided into multiple phases, with Phase I being the initial surprise
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31:
598:
Chiang Ching-kuo's control over policy began to increase in 1969. He was appointed as
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220:
27:
Republic of China plan to reconquer mainland China from the People's
Republic of China
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1992:
1961:
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The
Guoguang Operation Office was renamed as the Operation Planning Office in 1966.
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Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People
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959:"Details of Chiang Kai-shek's attempts to recapture mainland to be made public"
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believed that success required a popular and armed anti-Communist revolution ("
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The acceptance of US non-involvement and the replacement of US military aid by
425:
331:
289:
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504:, Fujian; 200 ROC personnel were killed. The warships lacked air support; the
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2007:
1966:
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61:
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In 1949, the ROC retreated from the mainland to Taiwan. Despite the defeat,
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in October 1964; on 17 June 1965, he notified officers at a meeting at the
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Chiang Kai-shek decided to proceed without US approval following the PRC's
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Hong KongâTaiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council
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the ongoing Sino-Soviet split was also considered to be advantageous.
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and announcement of the withdrawal of US troops from Taiwan in the
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50:
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China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification
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Outline of the military history of the People's Republic of China
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1322:
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524:
444:
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924:"Taiwan in Time: Spies, guerillas and the final counterattack"
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had been unaware of the mission due to a communication error.
2078:
Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
1788:
1400:
535:
was sunk by two torpedoes, and 90 ROC personnel were killed.
249:
2003:
Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan
2502:
TaiwanâHong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council
556:
523:
were intercepted by the PLAN while en route the islands of
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Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits
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Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
30:
For the Chinese supermarket chain called "Guoguang", see
543:
In September 1965, the ROC offered to aid the US in the
407:
as a supporting diversion for a ROC invasion across the
322:'Project National Glory') was an attempt by the
2564:
Chinese information operations and information warfare
1815:
Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan)
463:. This prompted the ROC to put the invasion on hold.
418:
204:
190:
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Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
722:
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988:"Taiwan 'invaded' China, declassified papers show"
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2163:2024 Kinmen Chinese motorboat capsizing incident
1871:2004 Taiwanese cross-strait relations referendum
1820:Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong
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2068:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758
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567:aid for an invasion; the request was rejected.
2245:Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum
2215:Alumni Association of Huangpu Military Academy
917:
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538:
2158:2023 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan
2153:2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan
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2606:Timeline of diplomatic relations with Taiwan
1830:Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau
1569:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists
816:
802:
793:
777:
759:
747:
729:
2584:Timeline of diplomatic relations with China
2529:Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents
2451:Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan
2184:Proposed National Unification Promotion Law
1825:Macau Economic and Cultural Office (Taiwan)
904:
317:
2507:Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council
2210:All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots
1778:
1764:
1240:
1226:
976:
941:
1199:
1188:Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies
1164:
403:border, and guerrilla involvement in the
2648:Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission
2230:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
2108:1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions
1928:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
1181:
573:
294:
14:
2696:
2406:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2240:Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation
1881:2005 PanâBlue visits to mainland China
921:
627:were trained to support an offensive.
2601:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
2260:Lienchiang Cross-Strait Matters Forum
1998:Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War
1851:Restoration of Taiwan strait shipping
1759:
1247:
1221:
1146:
985:
956:
2559:Chinese intelligence activity abroad
2411:Special non-state-to-state relations
2401:Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang
1940:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
473:first successful nuclear weapon test
2754:Taiwan under Republic of China rule
2643:China National Highway 228 (Taiwan)
382:Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty
24:
2133:Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement
1153:Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
686:, South Korea's policy in the past
461:Military Assistance Advisory Group
419:Invasion planning and postponement
25:
2770:
2290:Taiwan Strait Tourism Association
957:Chung, Lawrence (22 April 2009).
466:
2709:1972 disestablishments in Taiwan
2678:
2677:
1846:Opening of the South-North route
1797:
1787:
1709:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan
1393:
1380:
1361:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1316:
1298:
1285:
1275:
1265:
986:Moore, Malcolm (22 April 2009).
922:Cheung, Han (17 November 2019).
657:Outline of the Chinese Civil War
2683:Category:Cross-strait relations
1698:Yangtze River Crossing campaign
1139:
511:In November, the ROCN warships
304:
250:
226:
2534:Cross-strait language database
635:Lee Teng-hui served as acting
348:development of nuclear weapons
284:
205:
191:
161:
147:
114:Republic of China Armed Forces
13:
1:
2704:1961 establishments in Taiwan
2098:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
1886:Cross-strait high-level talks
1738:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
1713:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
1305:Constitutional ROC Government
1201:10.1080/24761028.2021.1904599
705:
495:People's Liberation Army Navy
357:
2658:The World Turned Upside Down
2633:G3 BeijingâTaipei Expressway
2574:Freedom of religion in China
2549:China and the United Nations
2446:Taiwan independence movement
2285:Taiwan Competitiveness Forum
2270:National Unification Council
1727:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
1463:Chinese Communist Revolution
710:
630:
443:province. The ROC island of
7:
2664:Go and Reclaim the Mainland
2596:Foreign relations of Taiwan
2461:Under the Roof of One China
2391:Republic of China on Taiwan
2275:Straits Exchange Foundation
2148:2021 Solomon Islands unrest
2020:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
1323:Republic of China on Taiwan
1291:National Revolutionary Army
1259:Principal belligerents and
1182:Igarashi, Takayuki (2021).
667:Go and Reclaim the Mainland
650:
539:Further proposals to the US
531:to pick up wounded troops.
393:Central Intelligence Agency
105:1 April 1961 â 20 July 1972
10:
2775:
2638:G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway
2591:Political status of Taiwan
2579:Foreign relations of China
2492:Hong KongâTaiwan relations
2487:FujianâTaiwan relationship
2336:Cross-Strait Economic Zone
2123:Sunflower Student Movement
2025:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
2015:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
1972:Shanghai-Taipei City Forum
1916:Seventh ChenâChiang summit
1535:Fujian People's Government
1401:People's Republic of China
1166:10.1177/186810261804700203
361:
336:People's Republic of China
96:People's Republic of China
29:
2673:
2479:
2346:Four Noes and One Without
2298:
2202:
2171:
2118:China Airlines Flight 611
2088:China Airlines Flight 334
2045:
1985:
1901:Fourth ChenâChiang summit
1896:Second ChenâChiang summit
1838:
1807:
1408:
1255:
1132:Igarashi (2021): page 152
1123:Igarashi (2021): page 150
1111:Igarashi (2021): page 149
1097:Igarashi (2021): page 146
1085:Igarashi (2021): page 145
1076:Igarashi (2021): page 142
1064:Igarashi (2021): page 140
1052:Igarashi (2021): page 141
1032:Igarashi (2021): page 139
901:Igarashi (2021): page 144
881:Igarashi (2021): page 138
744:Igarashi (2021): page 136
726:Igarashi (2021): page 137
690:Battle of Dongshan Island
275:
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233:
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140:
136:
131:
119:
109:
101:
86:
78:
68:
56:
46:
39:
2744:Secret military programs
2554:China and the World Bank
2376:One country, two systems
2371:One Country on Each Side
2265:Mainland Affairs Council
2250:Cross-Strait Peace Forum
1952:2014 WangâZhang meetings
1945:JinjiangâKinmen Pipeline
1911:Sixth ChenâChiang summit
1906:Fifth ChenâChiang summit
1891:First ChenâChiang summit
1386:People's Liberation Army
1147:Cheng, Isabelle (2018).
963:South China Morning Post
695:Dongshan Island Campaign
142:Traditional Chinese
2759:Anti-communism in China
2569:Chinese Soviet Republic
2519:Chinese Travel Document
2386:Cross-strait propaganda
1933:Cross-Strait CEO Summit
1923:Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan
1525:Chinese Soviet Republic
1501:Autumn Harvest Uprising
602:in July 1969, and then
562:The start of the PRC's
156:Simplified Chinese
2734:Cross-strait relations
2456:United front in Taiwan
2073:Project National Glory
1794:Cross-strait relations
1723:Hainan Island campaign
1602:Double Tenth Agreement
1598:Chongqing Negotiations
1515:Encirclement campaigns
799:Cheng (2018): page 696
647:starting in May 2009.
580:Foreign Military Sales
449:forward operating base
132:Project National Glory
40:Project National Glory
2714:20th century in China
2611:Geostrategy in Taiwan
2280:Taiwan Affairs Office
2194:Anti-Infiltration Act
2113:Qiandao Lake incident
2053:Capture of the Tuapse
1612:Jiaochangkou Incident
1018:Cheng (2018): page 72
863:Cheng (2018): page 70
851:Cheng (2018): page 71
829:Cheng (2018): page 65
813:Cheng (2018): page 73
790:Cheng (2018): page 66
774:Cheng (2018): page 67
756:Cheng (2018): page 68
735:Cheng (2018): page 58
592:psychological warfare
2103:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
1977:Second MaâXi meeting
1866:Cross-strait charter
574:Reassessing strategy
559:was not US policy).
477:ROC Military Academy
206:Kuo2 Kuang Chi4 Hua4
2749:Cancelled invasions
2618:Anti-Communist Hero
2524:Taiwan Entry Permit
2381:Propaganda in China
2326:Chinese irredentism
2321:Chinese nationalism
2316:Chinese unification
2093:1987 Lieyu massacre
1957:2015 XiâChu meeting
1565:Second United Front
1485:NanjingâWuhan split
1433:SunâJoffe Manifesto
1282:National Government
613:Shanghai Communiqué
564:Cultural Revolution
2466:Xi Jinping Thought
2396:Self-determination
2189:Anti-Secession Law
2143:Freedom pineapples
2063:Battle of Dong-Yin
1505:Guangzhou Uprising
1443:First United Front
677:Black Cat Squadron
672:Black Bat Squadron
481:will and testament
433:amphibious assault
340:Great Leap Forward
314:Kwet-kwong KĂš-vaÌk
227:Kwet-kwong KĂš-vaÌk
32:Guoguang (Jiangxi)
2739:Military projects
2729:Conflicts in 1965
2724:Chinese Civil War
2691:
2690:
2623:Milk Tea Alliance
1993:Chinese Civil War
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1667:Liaoshen campaign
1649:Yu Zisan Incident
1616:Peiping rape case
1585:
1584:
1497:Nanchang uprising
1493:Little Long March
1481:Shanghai massacre
1271:Nationalist Party
1249:Chinese Civil War
489:On 6 August, two
364:Chinese Civil War
344:Sino-Soviet split
324:Republic of China
320:
295:Kuo Kuang Chi Hua
265:
264:
257:
256:
179:Standard Mandarin
127:
126:
79:Commanded by
16:(Redirected from
2766:
2681:
2680:
2441:Taiwan consensus
2366:One-China policy
2179:Cross-Strait Act
2058:Kashmir Princess
1876:May 17 Statement
1856:Kinmen Agreement
1808:Diplomatic posts
1802:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1681:Pingjin campaign
1677:Huaihai campaign
1626:Marshall Mission
1591:
1590:
1477:Shanghai Commune
1473:Nanking incident
1426:
1425:
1411:
1410:
1399:
1397:
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1349:
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1309:ROC Armed Forces
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971:
969:
954:
939:
938:
936:
934:
919:
902:
899:
882:
879:
864:
861:
852:
849:
830:
827:
814:
811:
800:
797:
791:
788:
775:
772:
757:
754:
745:
742:
736:
733:
727:
724:
584:Chiang Ching-kuo
326:(ROC), based in
321:
318:
306:
296:
286:
277:
268:Project Guoguang
253:
252:
229:
228:
208:
207:
194:
193:
170:
169:
164:
163:
150:
149:
129:
128:
110:Executed by
37:
36:
21:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2669:
2544:HMS Aurora (12)
2475:
2294:
2198:
2167:
2083:CAAC Flight 296
2041:
2030:Senkaku Islands
1981:
1861:WangâKoo summit
1834:
1803:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1729:
1725:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1692:Taiping Steamer
1679:
1665:
1614:
1600:
1586:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1371:New Fourth Army
1342:Soviet Republic
1333:Communist Party
1325:
1315:
1297:
1274:
1251:
1246:
1216:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1110:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1036:
1031:
1022:
1017:
1006:
996:
994:
992:Telegraph.co.uk
984:
977:
967:
965:
955:
942:
932:
930:
920:
905:
900:
885:
880:
867:
862:
855:
850:
833:
828:
817:
812:
803:
798:
794:
789:
778:
773:
760:
755:
748:
743:
739:
734:
730:
725:
718:
713:
708:
653:
633:
576:
541:
502:Dongshan Island
469:
421:
370:Chiang Kai-shek
366:
360:
330:, to reconquer
305:Kok-kong KĂš-eÌk
251:Kok-kong KĂš-eÌk
82:Chiang Kai-shek
73:Chiang Kai-shek
69:Planned by
64:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2772:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2471:Zhonghua minzu
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2416:Six Assurances
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2356:Han chauvinism
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2331:Chinese Taipei
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:1992 Consensus
2302:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Braga incident
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:Xi'an Incident
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1367:8th Route Army
1358:Liberated Area
1264:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1222:
1215:
1214:
1194:(1): 136â155.
1179:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1125:
1113:
1099:
1087:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1034:
1020:
1004:
975:
940:
903:
883:
865:
853:
831:
815:
801:
792:
776:
758:
746:
737:
728:
715:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
702:
697:
692:
687:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
652:
649:
645:Cihu Mausoleum
632:
629:
609:Nixon Doctrine
575:
572:
540:
537:
468:
467:Second attempt
465:
420:
417:
362:Main article:
359:
356:
332:mainland China
285:GuĂłguÄng JĂŹhuĂ
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
247:
238:
237:
231:
230:
223:
217:
216:
210:
209:
202:
196:
195:
192:GuĂłguÄng JĂŹhuĂ
188:
182:
181:
175:
174:
173:Transcriptions
166:
165:
158:
152:
151:
144:
138:
137:
134:
133:
125:
124:
123:>300 killed
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
92:mainland China
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2771:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2684:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:Taiwan, China
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Greater China
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:Organizations
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2008:Guanbi policy
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:Straits Forum
1965:
1963:
1962:MaâXi meeting
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1580:Dixie Mission
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
993:
989:
982:
980:
964:
960:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
929:
925:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
860:
858:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
826:
824:
822:
820:
810:
808:
806:
796:
787:
785:
783:
781:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
753:
751:
741:
732:
723:
721:
716:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
685:
684:
683:Bukjin Tongil
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
648:
646:
641:
638:
628:
626:
622:
616:
614:
610:
605:
601:
596:
593:
589:
588:Hungary-style
585:
581:
571:
568:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
516:
515:
509:
507:
506:ROC Air Force
503:
499:
498:torpedo boats
496:
492:
487:
484:
482:
478:
474:
464:
462:
456:
454:
450:
447:would be the
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
416:
412:
410:
409:Taiwan Strait
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
365:
355:
353:
352:United States
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
315:
311:
307:
301:
297:
291:
287:
281:
273:
269:
260:
248:
246:
243:
239:
236:
232:
224:
222:
218:
215:
211:
203:
201:
197:
189:
187:
183:
180:
176:
171:
167:
159:
157:
153:
145:
143:
139:
135:
130:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
62:Taiwan Strait
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
38:
33:
19:
2662:
2512:Pro-ROC camp
2311:China Circle
2138:Wang Liqiang
2072:
1702:
1691:
1660:
1637:
1489:715 Incident
1326:
1191:
1187:
1159:(2): 55â86.
1156:
1152:
1140:Bibliography
1128:
1081:
995:. Retrieved
991:
966:. Retrieved
962:
931:. Retrieved
928:Taipei Times
927:
795:
740:
731:
700:Ray S. Cline
681:
642:
634:
617:
600:Vice Premier
597:
577:
569:
561:
547:by invading
542:
532:
518:
512:
510:
488:
485:
470:
459:through the
457:
430:
422:
413:
390:
386:sinicization
374:armed forces
367:
313:
303:
293:
283:
267:
266:
235:Southern Min
186:Hanyu Pinyin
2539:ECFA Debate
2436:Three Links
2172:Legislation
1453:Canton Coup
545:Vietnam War
405:Vietnam War
310:PhaÌk-fa-sáčł
221:PhaÌk-fa-sáčł
2719:Code names
2698:Categories
2431:Three Noes
2426:Two Chinas
1636:Operation
1545:Long March
706:References
625:paratroops
621:Mao Zedong
397:Korean War
358:Background
346:, and the
300:PeÌh-Će-jÄ«
290:WadeâGiles
200:WadeâGiles
120:Casualties
90:Reconquer
2361:One China
2046:Incidents
1986:Conflicts
1839:Diplomacy
1734:1950â1958
1673:1948â1949
1638:Beleaguer
1632:1945â1949
1622:1945â1947
1561:1937â1946
1541:1934â1936
1531:1933â1934
1521:1931â1934
1511:1930â1934
1459:1927â1949
1418:Post-1945
1261:campaigns
1210:233695049
1175:198633653
711:Citations
637:President
631:Aftermath
549:Guangdong
453:logistics
334:from the
94:from the
87:Objective
2628:Taishang
2341:Dang Guo
2299:Concepts
1705:Incident
1703:Amethyst
1694:Incident
1663:incident
1414:Pre-1945
1351:Red Army
997:20 March
968:20 March
933:20 March
651:See also
553:Cambodia
533:Lin Huai
520:Lin Huai
514:Shan Hai
491:ROC Navy
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