307:. The hollowed canoe shaped wooden body resonates a percussive tone created by knuckles slapping the camel neck top of the body while the thumb and index finger are plucking the strings. The lowest string on the sintir is a drone note and the second string, the highest in pitch, is tuned an octave higher and is never fretted. The third string is tuned a fourth above the drone. The buzzing sound often heard emanating from the sintir is caused by metal rings dangling off of a galvanized metal feather mounted on the end of the sintir's neck. The feather and rings vibrate in rhythm with the sintir.
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to the circular neck using a special knotting, although over the last decade standard tuning pegs for guitar or bass has become increasingly popular. How the strings stay in tune is a mystery has to do with the quality of the string, humidity in the air and making the braided leather strips holding the strings wet with saliva, so they don't move. The shorter string, which is also thinner, is tuned like the lowest string and is considered a drone string. Depending on the family, style or tradition there are different keys to the
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480:, but the neck is usually longer and thicker. Unlike the gumebri of Gnawa, this one has wooden tuners. There are usually four strings (although five is not unusual) tuned in fourths as well. Common tunings are A standard or C standard. It is played similar to a lute, however it has its own tonal range, scales and key progressions that are particular to the Berbers. The main artist plays the lute and sings, accompanied by
174:(Tanged or Semi-spike lute: Chordophone, the plane of strings runs parallel with the sound table, the string bearer is a plain handle and passes "diametrically" through the resonator, the resonator consists of a natural or carved out bowl, in which the handle extends into but does not pass completely through the resonator)
409:), it is not uncommon to add a piece of metal that rings when the guembri is played (sersara). The plucking of the strings is done with the thumb and/or the index, and sometimes the player hits the body under the strings for a percussive sound. The Gnawa player who plays with the guembri is called the
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people. The guembri they use is the biggest: a long body, rectangular in shape. There is a hole in the skin at the bridge area for enhanced acoustics. Three strings are used, two that reach the end of the neck, and one that reaches the middle. The two strings are tuned in fourths and used to be fixed
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Multiple cultural influences; instruments show elements from
Egyptian lutes (tuning rings and tabs) and folk elements of pre-Arab Africa. Possibly adapted further with Arab influence.
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players and backing singers which can include both men and women. To the
Berbers, this type of guembri is more widely known as
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330:(lute). The percussive playing style is reminiscent not only of West African technique but also of certain styles of
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descent), it is likely that the instrument derives from similar skin-covered lutes of the region around
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The body of the instrument is hollowed out from a single piece of wood, and covered with
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in the Jebala area it is actually called a guembri. Popular loutar players are
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skin. The camel skin has the same acoustic function as the membrane on a
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in the north of the country, but for many years living in the capital.
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contrast to the music. It is sometimes called guenbri as well.
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Sintirs are usually applied to different styles of music:
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As the sintir is used mainly by Gnawa (North
Africans of
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The
Moroccan loutar uses a soundboard made of goatskin
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in Hausa language, is a three stringed skin-covered
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299:are plucked downward with the knuckle side of the
160:gunbrī, gunībrī, gumbri, guembri, gimbri, hejhouj
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623:. London: Henry Reeves. pp. 39–49.
620:Studies in Oriental Musical Instruments
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538:A sintir, or guimbri, being played by
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577:Lotar (لوتار), a Berber guembri
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472:. It has a body the size of a
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589:Tunisian guembri (الكمبري)
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348:or other areas of the
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518:colloquial Arabic (
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514:: sung poetry in
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679:Gnawa music
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405:(a form of
290:double bass
157:Other names
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470:High Atlas
265:people of
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540:Nuru Kane
462:Tamazight
435:Marrakech
423:Essaouira
407:castanets
337:picking.
316:goat skin
283:pizzicato
179:Developed
516:Moroccan
498:Hajjaoui
478:mandolin
460:Izlan s
390:Tagnawit
332:American
326:and the
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198:akonting
69:"Sintir"
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297:strings
267:Morocco
251:hejhouj
242:الكمبري
237:guembri
94:scholar
524:timbre
520:Darija
512:Malhun
506:Maghni
482:bendir
449:, and
429:&
411:Maalem
399:tuning
374:Styles
271:guitar
247:gimbri
229:Arabic
225:sintir
203:garaya
171:321.33
133:Sintir
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447:Rabat
427:Ahmed
394:Gnawa
367:hoddu
364:, or
361:xalam
355:ngoni
350:Sahel
335:banjo
328:xalam
312:camel
305:thumb
286:cello
279:banjo
275:camel
263:Gnawa
233:سنتير
213:xalam
208:ngoni
101:JSTOR
87:books
504:and
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324:kora
259:lute
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223:The
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