1320:
195:
186:
447:", that were meant to replace the Grunwald Swords as symbols of Poland and Lithuania. The Polish sword had a pommel in the shape of an eagle's head, a cross-guard in the form of an eagle's talons, and a little crowned heraldic shield with the arms of Poland on the blade. Its Lithuanian counterpart had a pommel shaped like a lion's head, a lion's paws as the cross-guard, and on the blade an armorial shield of Lithuania below a grand-ducal hat. Those two swords were used again in a mourning ceremony on the third anniversary of the death of King
31:
472:
268:
362:
915:
838:
552:
254:
groves, and will not postpone the battle. And if you believe that you have too little space to form your ranks, the
Prussian master Ulryk, to entice you to battle, will withdraw from the plain which he took for his army, as far as you want, or you may instead choose any field of battle so that you do not postpone the battle any longer.
253:
Your
Majesty! The Grand Master Ulryk sends you and your brother (...) through us, the deputies standing here, two swords for help so that you, with him and his army, may delay less and may fight more boldly than you have shown, and also that you will not continue hiding and staying in the forest and
534:
of 1830–1831. Most of the collection from the Temple of the Sybil had been evacuated to France shortly before the uprising broke out, but the
Grunwald Swords were hidden in a parish priest's house in the nearby village of Włostowice (now part of Puławy). In 1853, after the priest's death, the house
160:
With time, the two swords became treated as royal insignia, symbolising the monarch's reign over two nations: the
Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They were probably used in coronations of most Polish kings from the 16th to the 18th centuries. In private hands after the
245:. The heralds had been sent by the grand master to Władysław II and Vytautas, but since the latter was busy making his troops ready for the battle, it was only the king, accompanied by his closest aides, who received the envoys. The heralds spoke in German while the royal secretary,
309:
Where, then, are the two swords of the enemies? They were indeed cut down with those swords with which they tried to terrify the humble! Behold, they sent you two swords, the swords of violence and of pride, and have lost many thousands of them, having been utterly
499:
army, which occupied the Wawel Castle and looted its treasure vault. However, the
Prussians, probably uninterested in the material value of two simple iron swords and unaware of their historical and symbolic significance, left the Grunwald Swords behind.
398:
Unlike
Szczerbiec and other ceremonial swords stored in the royal treasury, the Grunwald Swords were simple battle swords that would have been typical for armament of early 15th-century European knights. At some point in time they were embellished with
395:). After the coronation, the king returned from the cathedral where the ceremony had taken place to the royal castle, preceded, among others, by the two sword-bearers carrying the Grunwald Swords as symbols of the king's reign in the two nations.
300:
While sending swords as a formal gesture challenging the enemy to battle was customary at that time, adding insults was not. Hence the envoys' speech was considered grossly boastful and impudent, as can be seen from a letter sent by
389:, or the principal coronation sword. Immediately afterwards, one of the bishops assisting in the ceremony handed the Grunwald Swords to the king who in turn passed them on to the Crown (i.e., Polish) and Lithuanian sword-bearers (
442:
from using them for his coronation. Hence, Augustus III used his own set of crown jewels for his 1734 coronation. His set included two sheathless ceremonial swords, described by an anonymous witness of the ceremony as "two huge
350:. Eventually, the "two Prussian swords", as they were described in a treasury inventory in 1633, became treated as part of Polish-Lithuanian crown jewels. They were used in royal coronations throughout the existence of the
165:
at the end of the 18th century, they were lost without a trace in 1853. They have remained, however, a symbol of victory and Poland's and
Lithuania's past, and an important part of national identity of the two nations.
217:
fought during 1409–1411 between a Polish–Lithuanian coalition led by King Władysław II and Grand Duke
Vytautas (Alexander) on one side and the Teutonic Order aided by West European knights and led by Grand Master
282:
As they spoke, Teutonic forces did, in fact, withdraw from previously occupied positions. The king accepted the swords and, according to the letter he later wrote to his wife, responded with the following words:
278:(c. 1909). In this painting, the swords are being presented by members of the Teutonic Order, wearing their distinctive white cloaks, rather than by messengers bearing the heraldic devices described by Długosz.
358:. Since the pair of swords had been given to two rulers – of Poland and Lithuania – each of the weapons was associated with one of the two constituent nations of the Commonwealth.
149:(Tannenberg), as a symbolic invitation to engage Jungingen's forces in battle. After the Polish–Lithuanian victory, both swords were taken as a war trophy by King Władysław II to
1451:
562:
Being reminded of Polish military victories over the
Teutonic Order used to stir German sensibilities to such an extent, that the inclusion of the Grunwald Swords on a 1938
1319:
225:
As both sides were preparing for the battle in the morning of 15 July 1410, two heralds carrying two unsheathed swords were announced to King Władysław II. According to
519:. The princess was an art collector known for her interest in Polish national memorabilia. The Grunwald Swords were placed among other patriotic souvenirs in the
869:
570:
resulted in a formal diplomatic protest of Nazi
Germany. In the interest of "maintaining good neighborhood", Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs asked the
246:
305:
to King Władysław II where the Bohemian religious reformer praised the Polish–Lithuanian victory at Grunwald as a triumph of humility over pride.
997:
597:
as the second highest military award. The cross ceased to be awarded in 1987 and was formally discontinued in 1992. The swords featured in the
582:
1141:
862:
1616:
794:
214:
742:
711:
681:
287:
We accept the swords you send us, and in the name of Christ, before whom all stiff-necked pride must bow, we shall do battle.
426:
and quickly destroyed after the ceremony. The set probably did not include an equivalent of the Grunwald Swords. During the
1079:
574:
to withdraw the stamp from circulation; on the 1939 version of the stamp, the swords were replaced by a heraldic ornament.
242:
1611:
1110:
855:
30:
351:
1606:
779:
134:
1280:
1328:
407:, the White Eagle, was attached to the blade of one sword and, analogically, a similar shield with the Lithuanian
130:
1074:
594:
229:'s chronicle, they bore the coats of arms of their respective masters: a black eagle in a golden field of King
949:
230:
1240:
1601:
1134:
938:
516:
427:
238:
1069:
1064:
842:
491:– in 1764 in Warsaw. They are mentioned in the last inventory of the royal treasury of 1792. During the
414:
Two of the elective kings of Poland–Lithuania were crowned without the use of the Grunwald Swords. King
1265:
926:
878:
536:
1390:
1596:
1159:
539:, or security police, who confiscated the swords as illegal weapons and took them to the fortress of
504:
408:
222:
on the other side. It was the decisive battle of the war and one of the largest in medieval Europe.
1591:
1385:
1275:
249:
of Dąbrowa, served as an interpreter. They delivered, according to Długosz, the following message:
142:
674:
Polish literature from the Middle Ages to the end of the eighteenth century: A bilingual anthology
463:
where they could still be seen at the end of the 19th century. Their current location is unknown.
1127:
1054:
488:
431:
904:
894:
886:
439:
415:
404:
366:
492:
430:, Leszczyński's supporters sequestered the Polish Crown Jewels from Wawel and hid them at the
354:(1569–1795) and possibly also earlier, during the dynastic union of the two nations under the
194:
1225:
1059:
914:
448:
423:
661:
1179:
934:
487:
The Grunwald Swords were used for the last time in a coronation of a Polish king – that of
219:
162:
122:
551:
185:
8:
1375:
1355:
1285:
992:
701:
586:
520:
476:
343:
326:
110:
1395:
1084:
496:
355:
234:
210:
175:
146:
70:
Gift of the Teutonic Order to Poland and Lithuania, after 1410 Polish ceremonial swords
604:
In modern Poland, the Grunwald Swords remain a popular military symbol, especially in
1552:
1350:
1345:
1220:
1184:
984:
954:
802:
775:
738:
731:
707:
677:
631:
590:
567:
556:
531:
508:
382:
1431:
810:
1467:
1199:
1189:
1174:
1002:
669:
126:
1547:
1497:
1300:
1028:
471:
275:
102:
1542:
1270:
1255:
1194:
1033:
964:
959:
944:
899:
613:
578:
512:
452:
36:
657:
483:, the private museum of Princess Izabela Czartoryska (19th-century engraving).
435:
267:
226:
1585:
1360:
1305:
847:
806:
696:
571:
563:
511:
in 1796, the swords were retrieved from the devastated treasury by historian
374:
293:
1370:
1365:
593:, featuring the Grunwald Swords on its obverse. It was later adopted by the
523:, her private museum established in the garden of the Czartoryski Palace in
370:
347:
154:
1527:
1502:
1441:
1572:
Note: some of the existing swords are named after earlier legendary ones.
1512:
1204:
598:
540:
1094:
332:
153:, Poland's capital at the time, and placed in the treasury of the Royal
1482:
1477:
1426:
1290:
1012:
625:
386:
1522:
259:
Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen's envoys, according to Jan Długosz,
1462:
1456:
1421:
974:
969:
451:, Augustus III's father, in 1736. Afterwards, they were moved to the
444:
361:
1532:
524:
480:
422:
in 1705 with a makeshift set of royal insignia given to him by King
339:
150:
1537:
1517:
1492:
1446:
1400:
1260:
391:
138:
1089:
1557:
1436:
1380:
1250:
1235:
1119:
1099:
726:
609:
460:
302:
203:
Modern renditions of the arms borne by the grand master's heralds
55:
35:
Grunwald swords as shown in the coat of arms of the present-day
1507:
1487:
1416:
1295:
1230:
837:
605:
419:
403:
made from gilded silver. Additionally a little shield with the
377:, United States, depicts him brandishing two swords in victory.
801:(34/2005), Warszawa: Dyrekcja Generalna Poczty Polskiej: 8–9,
1472:
1151:
118:
331:
For the sword-related terminology used in this section, see
530:
The palace was seized by the Russian government during the
400:
346:
and other war trophies, in the treasure vault of the Royal
1038:
145:. The swords were sent on 15 July 1410, just before the
381:
During a coronation ceremony, the king-elect made a
320:
774:(in Polish), Warszawa: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza,
475:Between 1796 and 1830, the swords were kept in the
730:
725:
566:commemorating King Vladislaus Jagiełło and Queen
1583:
503:After Prussia ceded Kraków, by the terms of the
163:partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
877:
237:, and a red griffin in a silver field of Duke
1135:
863:
663:Annales seu cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae
1142:
1128:
870:
856:
634:, Polish Communist-era military decoration
315:Jan Hus, Letter to King Władysław II, 1411
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
652:
650:
648:
616:uses the two swords in its coat of arms.
550:
470:
360:
266:
769:
1584:
1167:
750:
695:
645:
585:in occupied Poland introduced its own
367:monument to King Władysław II Jagiełło
1123:
851:
668:
628:, Poland's principal coronation sword
466:
169:
1080:Our Lady of Sorrows, Queen of Poland
704:: A History of Poland in Two Volumes
543:. Their subsequent fate is unknown.
495:in 1794, Kraków was captured by the
78:Teutonic Order, after 1410 by Poland
656:
292:King Władysław II, Letter to Queen
125:, the Grand Master of the Order of
13:
1149:
913:
729:; transl. Spinka, Matthew (1972),
342:and deposited them, together with
14:
1628:
831:
321:From war trophy to royal insignia
1318:
1281:Sword of State of South Carolina
836:
338:The king sent the two swords to
193:
184:
29:
737:, Manchester University Press,
546:
489:Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski
411:was fastened to the other one.
787:
719:
689:
438:to prevent Stanislaus's rival
352:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1617:National symbols of Lithuania
638:
601:Jack in the years 1946–1955.
1075:Black Madonna of Częstochowa
517:Princess Izabela Czartoryska
428:War of the Polish Succession
121:sent as a mocking "gift" by
117:) are a pair of simple bare
7:
706:, Oxford University Press,
619:
595:People's Republic of Poland
10:
1633:
1612:National symbols of Poland
1241:Curved saber of San Martín
879:National symbols of Poland
667:; translated excerpts in:
330:
324:
173:
1570:
1409:
1338:
1327:
1316:
1213:
1158:
1108:
1047:
1021:
983:
925:
911:
885:
505:Third Partition of Poland
440:Frederick Augustus Wettin
87:
82:
74:
66:
61:
52:Place of origin
51:
43:
28:
21:
1607:Medieval European swords
1386:Shamshir-e Zomorrodnegar
1276:Sword of Saint Wenceslas
535:was searched by Russian
515:who handed them over to
416:Stanislaus I Leszczyński
795:"Znaczki zamiast armat"
770:Lileyko, Jerzy (1987),
555:1st class Order of the
333:Sword § Morphology
950:Air Force checkerboard
919:
918:Coat of arms of Poland
733:The Letters of Jan Hus
676:, Warszawa: Constans,
559:
484:
405:coat of arms of Poland
378:
318:
298:
279:
265:
114:
106:
917:
845:at Wikimedia Commons
554:
474:
424:Charles XII of Sweden
364:
344:Teutonic army banners
307:
285:
270:
251:
131:Władysław II Jagiełło
1180:Seven-Branched Sword
432:Jasna Góra Monastery
220:Ulrich von Jungingen
123:Ulrich von Jungingen
1602:Polish crown jewels
1356:Gan Jiang and Mo Ye
1286:Sword of Stalingrad
614:commune of Grunwald
587:military decoration
583:resistance movement
521:Temple of the Sibyl
493:Kościuszko Uprising
477:Temple of the Sibyl
327:Polish Crown Jewels
107:miecze grunwaldzkie
37:commune of Grunwald
1396:Totsuka-no-Tsurugi
1085:The Sigismund Bell
920:
560:
485:
467:Salvation and loss
379:
356:House of Jagiellon
280:
211:battle of Grunwald
176:Battle of Grunwald
170:Battle of Grunwald
147:Battle of Grunwald
115:Žalgirio kalavijai
83:Production history
1577:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1553:Sword of Damocles
1361:Kris Mpu Gandring
1351:Cura Si Manjakini
1314:
1313:
1221:Ballinderry Sword
1185:Sugari no Ontachi
1117:
1116:
955:Two-finger salute
841:Media related to
744:978-0-87471-021-2
713:978-0-19-925339-5
683:978-83-901014-3-9
670:Mikos, Michael J.
632:Cross of Grunwald
591:Cross of Grunwald
557:Cross of Grunwald
532:November Uprising
385:three times with
383:sign of the Cross
95:
94:
1624:
1597:European weapons
1371:Kris Taming Sari
1366:Kris Setan Kober
1336:
1335:
1322:
1200:Sword of Victory
1190:Sword of Goujian
1175:Preah Khan Reach
1165:
1164:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1070:National costume
872:
865:
858:
849:
848:
840:
825:
824:
823:
821:
815:
809:, archived from
791:
785:
784:
767:
748:
747:
736:
723:
717:
716:
702:God's Playground
693:
687:
686:
666:
654:
316:
296:
263:
213:was part of the
197:
188:
127:Teutonic Knights
33:
24:
23:Grunwald Swords
19:
18:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1592:European swords
1582:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1562:
1548:Sword of Attila
1405:
1330:
1323:
1310:
1301:Ulfberht swords
1246:Grunwald Swords
1209:
1154:
1148:
1118:
1113:
1104:
1043:
1029:Names of Poland
1022:Names and codes
1017:
1008:Grunwald Swords
979:
921:
909:
900:Flag and colors
881:
876:
843:Grunwald Swords
834:
829:
828:
819:
817:
813:
793:
792:
788:
782:
772:Regalia polskie
768:
751:
745:
724:
720:
714:
694:
690:
684:
655:
646:
641:
622:
549:
509:Habsburg Empire
469:
418:was crowned in
336:
329:
323:
317:
314:
297:
291:
276:Wojciech Kossak
264:
258:
207:
206:
205:
204:
200:
199:
198:
190:
189:
178:
172:
137:and Grand Duke
99:Grunwald Swords
67:In service
62:Service history
39:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:Sword of Freyr
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:Claíomh Solais
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:Sword of Peter
1268:
1266:Sword of Islam
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1226:Blessed swords
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1195:Sword of Osman
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1034:Rzeczpospolita
1031:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
989:
987:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
965:Polish hussars
962:
960:Polish cavalry
957:
952:
947:
945:Military eagle
942:
931:
929:
923:
922:
912:
910:
908:
907:
902:
897:
891:
889:
887:Constitutional
883:
882:
875:
874:
867:
860:
852:
833:
832:External links
830:
827:
826:
816:on 6 June 2011
786:
780:
749:
743:
718:
712:
697:Davies, Norman
688:
682:
643:
642:
640:
637:
636:
635:
629:
621:
618:
581:, a communist
579:Gwardia Ludowa
548:
545:
513:Tadeusz Czacki
468:
465:
322:
319:
312:
289:
256:
202:
201:
192:
191:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
171:
168:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1629:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1569:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1321:
1307:
1306:Wallace Sword
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:Patron saints
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
988:
986:
982:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
940:
936:
933:
932:
930:
928:
924:
916:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
890:
888:
884:
880:
873:
868:
866:
861:
859:
854:
853:
850:
846:
844:
839:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:Poczta Polska
796:
790:
783:
781:83-03-02021-8
777:
773:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
746:
740:
735:
734:
728:
722:
715:
709:
705:
703:
698:
692:
685:
679:
675:
671:
665:
664:
659:
653:
651:
649:
644:
633:
630:
627:
624:
623:
617:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
564:postage stamp
558:
553:
544:
542:
538:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
498:
494:
490:
482:
478:
473:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
396:
394:
393:
388:
384:
376:
375:New York City
372:
368:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
334:
328:
311:
306:
304:
295:
294:Anna of Celje
288:
284:
277:
273:
269:
262:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
216:
212:
196:
187:
177:
167:
164:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
57:
54:
50:
47:Battle swords
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
20:
16:Battle swords
1579:
1459:(Caledfwlch)
1245:
1007:
993:Crown jewels
939:voivodeships
895:Coat of arms
835:
818:, retrieved
811:the original
798:
789:
771:
732:
721:
700:
691:
673:
662:
658:Długosz, Jan
603:
576:
561:
547:Symbolic use
529:
502:
486:
456:
413:
397:
390:
380:
371:Central Park
348:Wawel Castle
337:
308:
299:
286:
281:
271:
260:
252:
224:
208:
159:
155:Wawel Castle
98:
96:
75:Used by
1513:Mistilteinn
1391:Thuận Thiên
1329:Mythical or
1205:Tenka-Goken
599:Polish Navy
572:Polish Post
449:Augustus II
436:Częstochowa
227:Jan Długosz
91:before 1410
1586:Categories
1478:Hauteclere
1427:Carnwennan
1291:Szczerbiec
1160:Historical
1048:Unofficial
1013:Szczerbiec
985:Historical
970:Kosynierzy
639:References
626:Szczerbiec
457:Rüstkammer
387:Szczerbiec
325:See also:
272:Two Swords
261:Annales...
235:the Romans
174:See also:
129:, to King
111:Lithuanian
1528:Précieuse
1503:Lævateinn
1498:Kladenets
1463:Fragarach
1457:Excalibur
1442:Dáinsleif
1422:Caladbolg
1331:legendary
975:Rogatywka
807:1230-9230
577:In 1943,
537:gendarmes
507:, to the
392:miecznicy
310:defeated.
247:Jan Mężyk
243:Pomerania
239:Casimir V
231:Sigismund
215:Great War
143:Lithuania
1538:Skofnung
1518:Murgleys
1493:Hrunting
1447:Durendal
1401:Zulfiqar
1376:Kusanagi
1261:Legbiter
1150:Notable
1111:Category
1095:Toporzeł
927:Military
727:Hus, Jan
699:(2005),
672:(1999),
620:See also
497:Prussian
313:—
290:—
257:—
139:Vytautas
88:Produced
1558:Tyrfing
1523:Nægling
1452:Dyrnwyn
1437:Clarent
1410:Western
1381:Nandaka
1339:Eastern
1251:Joyeuse
1236:Curtana
1214:Western
1168:Eastern
1100:Kotwica
820:8 April
610:Masuria
568:Jadwiga
461:Dresden
409:Pursuer
303:Jan Hus
56:Prussia
1533:Riðill
1508:Mimung
1488:Hrotti
1417:Almace
1296:Tizona
1256:Lobera
1231:Colada
1152:swords
1065:Mottos
1003:Banner
905:Anthem
805:
778:
741:
710:
680:
612:. The
606:Warmia
589:, the
541:Zamość
525:Puławy
481:Puławy
453:Armory
420:Warsaw
340:Kraków
151:Kraków
135:Poland
119:swords
103:Polish
1483:Hǫfuð
1473:Harpe
1090:Rodło
1060:Songs
935:Flags
814:(PDF)
459:) in
445:épées
401:hilts
1468:Gram
998:Jack
822:2009
803:ISSN
776:ISBN
739:ISBN
708:ISBN
678:ISBN
608:and
365:The
209:The
97:The
44:Type
1346:Asi
1039:.pl
479:at
434:in
369:in
274:by
241:of
233:of
141:of
133:of
1588::
797:,
752:^
660:,
647:^
527:.
373:,
157:.
113::
109:,
105::
1143:e
1136:t
1129:v
941:)
937:(
871:e
864:t
857:v
455:(
335:.
101:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
