838:
1669:
352:
133:
1318:
1192:
1474:
735:
1382:
1139:
682:
36:
481:
2501:
969:
1314:, one hit per sortie was considered acceptable. However, even a near miss with rockets could cause damage or injuries to "soft targets," and patrols by Allied rocket-armed aircraft over Normandy disrupted or even completely paralyzed German road traffic. They also affected morale, because even the prospect of a rocket attack was unnerving.
742:
After World War I, it was widely believed that using aircraft against tactical targets was of little use other than in harassing and undermining enemy morale; attacking combatants was generally much more dangerous to aircrews than their targets, a problem that was continually becoming more acute with
610:
Attack aircraft came to diverge from bombers and fighters. While bombers could be used on a battlefield, their slower speeds made them extremely vulnerable to ground fire, as did the lighter construction of fighters. The survivability of attack aircraft was guaranteed by their speed/power, protection
1446:
ground-attack aircraft remained useful since all of the early jets lacked endurance due to the fuel consumption rates of the jet engines. The higher powered piston engine types that had been too late for World War II were still capable of holding their own against the jets as they were able to both
582:
and battlefield air interdiction, the first requiring strict and the latter only general cooperation with friendly surface forces. Such aircraft also attacked targets in rear areas. Such missions required flying where light anti-aircraft fire was expected and operating at low altitudes to precisely
1487:
Many post-World War II era air forces have been reluctant to adopt fixed-wing jet aircraft developed specifically for ground attack. Although close air support and interdiction remain crucial to the modern battlefield, attack aircraft are less glamorous than fighters, while
1000:
approached, the concept of an attack aircraft was not well defined, and various air services used many different names for widely differing types, all performing similar roles (sometimes in tandem with non-attack roles of bombers, fighters, reconnaissance and other roles.
810:
was notable for its creation of a separate "A-" designation for attack types, distinct from and alongside "B-" for bomber types and "P-" for pursuit (later replaced by "F-" for fighter) aircraft. The first designated attack type to be operational with the USAAC was the
494:"F" - Fighter Aircraft were designed to intercept and destroy other aircraft or missiles. This includes multipurpose aircraft also designed for ground support missions such as interdiction and close air support. Just to mention one example amongst many, the
919:
for the creation of an aircraft dedicated to this role, resulting in tenders for a new "attack aircraft". This led to the introduction (in 1942) of a unique single-seat, twin-engine attack aircraft, the slow-moving but heavily armored and formidably armed
1244:
Wartime experience showed that poorly armored and/or lightly built, pre-war types were unacceptably vulnerable, especially to fighters. Nevertheless, skilled crews could be highly successful in those types, such as the leading
1660:
helicopters. The purpose of this mission was to create a safe corridor through the Iraqi air defense system. The attack was a huge success and cleared the way for the beginning of the Allied bombing campaign of
1049:
issued for a light bomber was B.20/40 described as a "Close Army
Support Bomber" capable of dive bombing and photoreconnaissance. However, the specification was dropped before an aircraft went into production.
1740:
has resulted in renewed interest in such aircraft. The U.S. Air Force is currently researching a replacement for the A-10 and started the OA-X program to procure a light attack aircraft. The
Soviets' similar
1492:
pilots and military planners have a certain well-cultivated contempt for "mud-movers". More practically, the cost of operating a specialized ground-attack aircraft is harder to justify when compared with
1279:. The Typhoon, which was disappointing as a fighter, due to poor high altitude performance, was very fast at low altitudes and thus became the RAF's premier ground attack fighter. It was armed with four
1596:
are popular with air forces which cannot afford to purchase more expensive multirole aircraft, or do not wish to risk the few such aircraft they have on light ground attack missions. A proliferation of
1101:
Although not a synonymous class with ground-attack aircraft, fighter-bombers were usually used for the role, and proved to excel at it, even when they were only lightly armored. The Royal Air Force and
826:
focused primarily on strategic bombing, rather than ground attack. However, like most air arms of the period it did operate attack aircraft, named Army
Cooperation in RAF parlance, which included the
664:, and supply formations was a part of the Allied armies' strength in holding German attacks and supporting Allied counter-attacks and offensives. Admittedly, the cost to the Allies was high, with the
469:) is designed primarily for air-to-surface (Attack: Aircraft designed to find, attack, and destroy land or sea targets) missions (also known as "attack missions"), while a fighter category
946:
light attack bomber. Both, like their US counterparts, were lightly armored types, and were critically reliant on surprise attacks and the absence of significant fighter or AA opposition.
2248:
766:
Nevertheless, during the 1920s, the US military, in particular, procured specialized "Attack" aircraft and formed dedicated units, that were trained primarily for that role. The US Army
607:, could and did perform air strikes on battlefields. All these types could significantly damage ground targets from a low level flight, either by bombing, machine guns, or both.
1632:. The Army, wishing to have its own resources to support its troops in combat and faced with a lack of Air Force enthusiasm for the ground-attack role, developed the dedicated
2231:
1283:, augmented first with bombs, then rockets. Likewise the P-47 was designed and intended for use as a high altitude bomber escort, but gradually found that role filled by the
1019:, aerial supply, and, last but not least, occasional strikes on the battlefield. The concept was similar to front-line aircraft used in the World War I, which was called the
502:
despite having only minimal air-to-air capabilities. Only a single aircraft in the USAF's current inventory bears a simple, unmixed "A" designation: the A-10 Thunderbolt II.
1693:
for deep strike attack missions because ground-attack helicopters have proved to be highly vulnerable to small-arms fire; the U.S. Marine Corps has noted similar problems.
285:
2202:
2864:
1716:
requirements specifically called for an aircraft mounting a large rotary cannon to destroy massed Warsaw Pact armored forces) with limited secondary capability in the
289:
2532:
1067:
In some air services, dive bombers did not equip ground-attack units, but were treated as a separate class. In Nazi
Germany, the Luftwaffe distinguished between the
1683:
One concern involving the Apache arose when a unit of these helicopters was very slow to deploy during U.S. military involvement in Kosovo. According to the
520:
1041:
During the inter-war period, the
British considered that in a future war it would be France that would be the enemy. For the light day bomber they had the
626:, which pioneered the idea of an armored "bathtub", that was both fuselage structure and protection for engine and crew. The British experimented with the
465:
has created some confusion about the difference between attack and fighter aircraft. According to the current U.S. designation system, an attack aircraft (
1229:). At around the same time, a massive invasion by Axis forces had forced the Soviet air forces to quickly expand their army support capacity, such as the
399:
1287:(because of its much longer range and greater maneuverability). The P-47 was also heavier and more robust than the P-51 and regarded therefore, as an "
527:
although these aircraft are mostly used for torpedo attack and level bombing. They also use "D" to specifically designate carrier dive bomber like the
1344:
during World War II. The only other aircraft to be factory-equipped with similar guns were the 1,420 maritime strike variants of the North
American
2850:
2120:
1209:
of the German
Luftwaffe became virtually synonymous with close air support during the early months of World War II. The British Commonwealth's
903:, against an enemy with few fighter aircraft, changed ideas about ground attack. Though equipped with generally unsuitable designs such as the
2245:
1027:
to be unacceptably vulnerable and it was replaced by faster fighter types for photoreconnaissance, and light aircraft for artillery spotting.
1015:
The
British concept of a light aircraft mixing all the roles that required extensive communication with land forces: reconnaissance, liaison,
2525:
510:
837:
1713:
1724:
roles. Today it remains the only dedicated fixed-wing ground-attack aircraft in any U.S. military service. Overall U.S. experience in the
1644:
On 17 January 1991, Task Force
Normandy began its attack on two Iraqi anti-aircraft missile sites. TF Normandy, under the command of LTC
1306:
While machine guns and cannon were initially sufficient, the evolution of well-armored tanks required heavier weapons. To augment bombs,
1905:
915:, their armament and pilots proved that aircraft were a very effective weapon, even without bombs. This led to some support within the
1213:, led by Arthur Tedder, became the first Allied tactical formation to emphasize the attack role, usually in the form of single-engine
2828:
1352:, or light-weight T13E1 or M5 versions of the same gun. These weapons, however, were hand-loaded, had shorter barrels and/or a lower
2518:
2223:
2015:
3200:
1705:
1538:
1310:
were introduced, although these unguided projectiles were still "barely adequate" because of their inaccuracy. For the
British
312:
17:
2199:
2179:
100:
3241:
3236:
2445:
2430:
2400:
2385:
2370:
2355:
2296:
2281:
2096:
1733:
803:
798:. While they did not pioneer dive bombing tactics, Marine aviators were the first to include it in their doctrine during the
226:
72:
1668:
1360:
armed with a 102mm anti-ship cannon, The BK 7,5 was unsurpassed as an aircraft-fitted gun until 1971, when the four-engine
857:
850:
1046:
1020:
787:
619:
615:
3350:
3343:
2843:
2613:
2325:
633:
The last battles of 1918 on the Western Front demonstrated that ground-attacking aircraft were a valuable component of
249:("storm trooper") respectively, this role was carried out by purpose-designed and heavily armored aircraft such as the
79:
1554:
3368:
3210:
2475:
2460:
2415:
2340:
2311:
1758:
1429:
1178:
799:
721:
119:
1411:
1345:
2505:
1403:
1296:
1267:
Conversely, some mid-war attack types emerged as adaptations of fighters, including several versions of the German
1156:
1045:
which originated in a 1932 specification. Designs in 1938 for a replacement were adapted as a target tug. The last
699:
53:
402:
and at the time preferred to call similar aircraft scout bombers (SB) or torpedo bombers (TB or BT). For example,
213:. The precise implementation varied from country to country, and was handled by a wide variety of designs. In the
3246:
1522:
1356:
than the BK 7,5 and, therefore, poorer armor penetration, accuracy and rate of fire. (Except for versions of the
1288:
860:, although both sides had few aircraft. The federal government had approximately 58 aircraft divided between the
86:
1260:, based on an obsolescent RAF bomber, became a versatile twin-engine attack aircraft and served in almost every
551:
for Soviet/Russian ground-attack aircraft at first started with "B" categorizing them as bombers, as in case of
3166:
3091:
2562:
1407:
1328:
The ultimate development of the cannon-armed light attack aircraft was the small production run in 1944 of the
1160:
1121:, in distinction to the USAAF, preferred the older term "Scout-Bomber", under a "SB-" designation, such as the
703:
57:
3364:
3251:
2836:
1863:
1103:
68:
3273:
3220:
3156:
1750:
1510:
807:
1935:
559:) they were similar in size and visual appearance to Soviet fighters, or were simply derivatives of such.
3263:
2813:
2683:
2624:
1677:
1593:
1518:
1284:
437:
means, in turn, specifically tactical air-to-ground action—in other words, neither air-to-air action nor
3328:
3190:
2124:
1749:) found success in the "flying artillery" role with many air forces. The UK has completely retired the
1221:
fighter-bombers or specialized "tank-busters", such as the Hurricane Mk IID, armed with two 40 mm
407:
132:
3361:
Not assigned • Unofficial designation • Assigned to multiple types
2858:
351:
311:
Since the 1960s, only two dedicated attack aircraft designs have been widely introduced, the American
3393:
3134:
2733:
1653:
1494:
1276:
544:
which could performed both torpedo bombing and dive bombing rendering the "D" designation redundant.
406:
scout bomber was designated A-24 when used by the USAAF. It was not until 1946, when the US Navy and
301:
3388:
3141:
3066:
2728:
1526:
1392:
214:
1291:": ideal for high-speed dive-and-climb tactics, including strafing attacks. Its armament of eight
3338:
3323:
3086:
3046:
2774:
2701:
2582:
1794:
1789:
1697:
1617:
1396:
1317:
1241:
and small anti-personnel bombs in "harassment bombing" attacks that proved difficult to counter.
1149:
692:
514:
300:. The need for a separate attack aircraft category was greatly diminished by the introduction of
46:
1550:
304:
which allowed almost any aircraft to carry out this role while remaining safe at high altitude.
3146:
3071:
3001:
2673:
1774:
1598:
1570:
1506:
1502:
1481:
1253:, who claimed 500 tanks, a battleship, a cruiser, and two destroyers in 2,300 combat missions.
1122:
931:
495:
474:
1984:
1837:
3281:
3256:
3129:
3051:
3031:
2996:
2786:
2764:
2691:
2661:
2138:
1546:
1477:
1459:
1264:
of the war, in the maritime strike and ground attack roles as well as that of night fighter.
744:
596:
578:, in support of ground forces on battlefields. Battlefield support is generally divided into
403:
257:. The Germans and Soviets also used light bombers in this role: cannon-armed versions of the
230:
93:
1969:
1899:
1888:
1849:
872:
at this time did not constitute an independent branch. In contrast, the rebels had only two
308:
also have overtaken many remaining roles that could only be carried out at lower altitudes.
3333:
3308:
3268:
3161:
3006:
2926:
2706:
2510:
1601:
in the post-World War II era has also expanded need for these types of aircraft to conduct
1514:
1280:
1107:
767:
555:'Beast'. But later they were usually classified as fighters ("F")—possibly because (since
27:
Tactical military aircraft that have a primary role of attacking targets on land or at sea
8:
3183:
3151:
3056:
3011:
2966:
2936:
2577:
1762:
1649:
1621:
1257:
869:
816:
548:
528:
375:
331:
277:
2468:
Second Tactical Air Force, Volume Two: Breakout to Bodenplatte July 1944 to January 1945
2176:
1106:
relegated obsolescent fighters to this role, while cutting-edge fighters would serve as
3173:
2976:
2114:
1629:
1613:
1602:
1581:
1530:
1455:
1349:
1226:
1118:
1016:
665:
657:
627:
462:
446:
335:
327:
281:
272:
began to take over many attack roles, a transition that continued in the post-war era.
190:
often carry out the attack role, although they would not be considered attack aircraft
614:
Germany was the first country to produce dedicated ground-attack aircraft (designated
2931:
2711:
2678:
2567:
2542:
2482:
2471:
2456:
2441:
2426:
2411:
2396:
2381:
2366:
2351:
2336:
2321:
2307:
2292:
2277:
2102:
2092:
1709:
1701:
1690:
1633:
1609:
1566:
1562:
1341:
1268:
1261:
1250:
1024:
1010:
954:
900:
831:
791:
638:
579:
458:
438:
426:
305:
209:
The dedicated attack aircraft as a separate class existed primarily during and after
173:
157:
513:
have included FB for fighter-bomber and more recently "G" for "Ground-attack" as in
3313:
3026:
2991:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2779:
2769:
2696:
2666:
2656:
2590:
1721:
1717:
1589:
1577:
1558:
1321:
1214:
1210:
622:). They were put into use in autumn 1917, during World War I. Most notable was the
600:
454:
187:
177:
137:
2091:. Zabecki, David T.,, Showalter, Dennis E. Santa Barbara, California. 2014-10-28.
477:, but additionally multipurpose aircraft designed also for ground-attack missions.
3318:
3286:
3021:
3016:
2986:
2572:
2291:. Washington, D.C.: Office Of Air Force History, United States. Air Force, 1990.
2252:
2206:
2183:
1909:
1867:
1754:
1657:
1645:
1542:
1451:
1361:
1353:
1329:
1238:
1111:
1084:
1023:
class in the German Empire. Eventually the RAF's experience showed types such as
921:
904:
892:
823:
783:
250:
1501:
attack aircraft were designed and employed during the Cold War era, such as the
1191:
326:
has also been introduced in the post-World War II era, usually based on adapted
3036:
2981:
2956:
2941:
2921:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2748:
2743:
2716:
1443:
1272:
1195:
1096:
962:
958:
943:
912:
865:
861:
812:
786:
was a combined pursuit (fighter) and ground attack design with a 37mm gun. The
604:
552:
411:
269:
262:
199:
195:
2200:"General: Deep-strike, urban tactics for attack helicopters may need Rreview."
3382:
3195:
3096:
2961:
2946:
2721:
2651:
2106:
1576:
Ground attack has increasingly become a task of converted trainers, like the
1365:
1357:
1333:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1206:
1076:
1042:
987:
983:
Perhaps the most notable attack type to emerge during the late 1930s was the
973:
939:
896:
827:
634:
588:
356:
297:
258:
254:
222:
218:
2438:
A Pattern for Joint Operations: World War II Close Air Support, North Africa
3178:
3101:
3081:
3076:
3041:
2886:
2646:
2641:
1742:
1673:
1534:
1498:
1218:
1036:
997:
984:
884:
584:
387:
379:
371:
316:
293:
265:
was used for this role in spite of not being specifically designed for it.
238:
234:
210:
206:
concepts, also differ little from the broad concept of an attack aircraft.
203:
751:
were increasingly being seen as more effective than aircraft designed for
198:
conversions of those same aircraft would be considered part of the class.
2971:
2951:
2916:
2911:
2791:
2738:
2348:
Air power at the Battlefront: Allied Close Air Support in Europe, 1943-45
1784:
1689:, the Army is shifting its doctrine to favor ground-attack aircraft over
1467:
1300:
1292:
1062:
795:
771:
756:
748:
654:
646:
623:
592:
575:
556:
487:
172:
while pressing the attack. This class of aircraft is designed mostly for
169:
734:
3061:
1729:
1685:
1625:
1585:
1463:
1448:
1163: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
950:
908:
760:
706: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
538:
415:
273:
161:
1473:
2378:
Strike from the Sky: The History of Battlefield Air Attack, 1910–1945
2320:. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of the Air Force, 2005.
1489:
1340:, was the most powerful forward-firing weapon fitted to a production
1083:("battle") units, using strafing/low-level bombing types such as the
935:
916:
779:
668:
sustaining a loss rate approaching 30% among ground-attack aircraft.
661:
2489:. Harleyford, Hertfordshire, England: Harleyford Publications, 1954.
1381:
1138:
993:, which became the most-produced military aircraft type in history.
815:. Nevertheless, such aircraft, including the A-2's replacement, the
681:
276:-powered examples were relatively rare but not unknown, such as the
35:
1737:
1725:
1662:
877:
873:
846:
842:
775:
752:
650:
642:
449:
vocabulary, the alternative designation for the same activity is a
425:
is somewhat vague and has tended to change over time. Current U.S.
1860:
1757:
dedicated attack-reconnaissance aircraft in 2019. It obtained the
1237:" utilised an obsolescent, wooden light trainer biplane type, the
480:
2629:
2557:
1779:
1307:
180:
mission. Designs dedicated to non-naval roles are often known as
2421:
Merriman, Ray. "A: Light Bombing B: Medium and Heavy Bombing."
2224:"Who Will Replace the A-10 Warthog? Textron Has a 2-in-3 Chance"
1901:
Designating and Naming Defense Military Aerospace Vehicles 2005.
1628:
were under control of the former; this was governed by the 1948
2636:
2500:
1584:, and many trainers are built with this task in mind, like the
1295:
was effective against Axis infantry and light vehicles in both
630:(termed "trench fighters"), although these did not see combat.
537:
However by the end of the world war II, the IJN introduced the
453:. Attack missions are principally divided into two categories:
165:
968:
770:
became involved in designing ground attack aircraft. The 1920
2274:
From Hot Air to Hellfire: The History of Army Attack Aviation
2246:"UK Harrier fleet sold as ÂŁ115 million worth of spare parts."
391:
225:, sometimes carrying heavier forward-firing weapons like the
2540:
2470:. Hersham, Surrey, England: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd, 2005.
2408:
The Secret Years: Flight Testing at Boscombe Down, 1939–1945
2395:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2008.
2016:"O Emprego do Avião na Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932"
574:
The attack aircraft as a role was defined by its use during
410:
started using the "attack" (A) designation, when it renamed
366:
U.S. attack aircraft are currently identified by the prefix
346:
1311:
653:(especially when moving between trenches and along roads),
360:
2318:
Designating and Naming Defense Military Aerospace Vehicles
2304:
Airpower in Small Wars: Fighting Insurgents and Terrorists
461:. In the last several decades, the rise of the ubiquitous
1557:
and others were designed specifically for ground-attack,
524:
484:
421:
As with many aircraft classifications, the definition of
202:, which have effectively replaced the fighter-bomber and
2365:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
429:
defines it as an aircraft which most likely performs an
398:
prefix for medium or heavy bombers). The US Navy used a
2440:. Washington, D.C.: Office Of Air Force History, 1987.
523:
use "B" to designate carrier attack bomber such as the
2306:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2003.
517:
GR1 (meaning "Ground-attack/Reconnaissance, Mark 1").
473:
incorporates not only aircraft designed primarily for
2455:. Collingdale, Pennsylvania: DIANE Publishing, 1997.
1466:
while the latter continued to be used throughout the
1324:
Thunderbolt, flew combat missions during World War II
2289:
Case Studies in the Development of Close Air Support
2089:
Germany at war : 400 years of military history
819:, were unarmored and highly vulnerable to AA fire.
176:and naval air-to-surface missions, overlapping the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2410:. Manchester, England: Hikoki Publications, 1998.
849:) airplane of the Brazilian government during the
747:. Within the range of types serving attack roles,
611:(i.e. armor panels) and strength of construction;
583:identify targets. Other roles, including those of
221:, attack aircraft were generally light bombers or
1620:was that latter had generally been allocated all
386:designation was shared between attack planes and
3380:
1953:
261:Stuka greatly outnumbered the Hs 129, while the
168:, and is prepared to encounter strong low-level
2258:, 24 November 2011. Retrieved: 7 December 2011.
2013:
841:Rebel infantry advancing under air attack by a
1447:out accelerate and out maneuver the jets. The
418:to, respectively, AD Skyraider and AM Mauler.
341:
2844:
2526:
2425:. Bennington, Virginia: Merriam Press, 2000.
2380:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: Alabama Press, 2010.
2014:Cambeses JĂşnior, Manuel (November 30, 2022).
782:and about a ton of armor plate, and the 1922
284:continued to introduce new aircraft in their
2212:, 30 July 2003. Retrieved: 28 November 2015.
2177:"TRADOC cuts Apaches’ role in deep attack."
1608:A primary distinction of post-World War II
1410:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
880:, plus a small number of private aircraft.
2851:
2837:
2533:
2519:
2189:, 1 May 2006. Retrieved: 28 November 2015.
2119:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1708:. The A-10 was originally conceived as an
1368:, entered service with the US Air Force.)
1233:Sturmovik. The women pilots known as the "
2423:U.S. wWarplanes of World War II, Volume 1
1936:"Japanese Military Aircraft Designations"
1883:
1881:
1879:
1430:Learn how and when to remove this message
1179:Learn how and when to remove this message
722:Learn how and when to remove this message
347:United States definition and designations
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2453:A Look at Tomorrow's Tactical Air Forces
1667:
1472:
1316:
1190:
967:
856:Aviation played a role in the Brazilian
836:
733:
479:
350:
268:In the latter part of World War II, the
160:that has a primary role of carrying out
131:
1893:
1842:
1364:E Spectre; equipped with a 105 mm
1075:, "dive bombing") units, equipped with
433:, more than any other kind of mission.
14:
3381:
2466:Shores, Christopher and Chris Thomas.
1876:
1830:
1706:Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II
895:. Moreover, the experiences of German
313:Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II
2832:
2514:
2302:Corum, James S. and Wray R. Johnson.
2221:
1979:
1977:
1927:
505:
2350:. London, England: Routledge, 1998.
2333:Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War
2158:Shores and Thomas 2005, pp. 245–250.
1962:
1761:in 2018 and it retains its fleet of
1605:and light ground attack operations.
1408:adding citations to reliable sources
1375:
1371:
1161:adding citations to reliable sources
1132:
858:Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932
851:Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932
704:adding citations to reliable sources
675:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2393:American Attack Aircraft Since 1926
2063:
2042:Cooling 1990, pp. 1, 158, 244, 263.
1871:U.S. Military Aircraft Designations
788:United States Marine Corps Aviation
292:, but these were mostly similar to
24:
2614:Airborne early warning and control
2485:appearance at the Western Front."
2363:The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary
2276:. New York: Presidio Press, 1994.
2004:Corum and Johnson 2003, pp. 23–40.
1974:
1933:
1821:
1812:
1442:In the immediate post war era the
521:Imperial Japanese Navy designation
334:aircraft. These have been used in
25:
3405:
2863:designations, Army/Air Force and
2494:
1639:
927:("Safecracker" /"Tank Cracker").
891:("battle") aircraft, such as the
800:United States occupation of Haiti
2499:
2451:Pierrot, Lane and Jo Ann Vines.
2234:from the original on 2017-09-12.
1380:
1336:anti-tank gun. This weapon, the
1137:
979:formation over Berlin, May 1945.
680:
34:
2238:
2215:
2192:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2131:
2081:
2072:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1148:needs additional citations for
1128:
778:for ground strafing with eight
691:needs additional citations for
45:needs additional citations for
1915:
1873:. Retrieved: 28 November 2015.
1854:
887:had begun to field a class of
569:
13:
1:
3369:amphibious aircraft sequences
2487:Aircraft of the 1914–1918 War
1800:
1104:United States Army Air Forces
378:". However, until the end of
227:North American B-25G Mitchell
3363:Not to be confused with the
2069:Hallion 2010, pp. 16-22, 77.
1805:
1704:(CAS) plane that became the
1511:North American A-5 Vigilante
1348:G/H, which mounted either a
808:United States Army Air Corps
671:
231:de Havilland Mosquito Tsetse
164:with greater precision than
140:II attack aircraft in flight
7:
2222:Smith, Rich (20 May 2017).
1768:
1678:Royal Netherlands Air Force
1594:counter-insurgency aircraft
1332:B-3, armed with a modified
1285:North American P-51 Mustang
774:was an armored twin-engine
525:Nakajima B5N Type-97 bomber
400:separate designation system
342:Definition and designations
241:, where they were known as
10:
3410:
2265:
1959:Francillon 1970, pp.50–51.
1940:hud607.fire.prohosting.com
1818:Mortensen 1987, pp. 24–25.
1094:
1060:
1034:
1008:
938:dive bomber (based on the
743:the ongoing refinement of
649:) and tactical bombing of
562:
302:precision-guided munitions
3359:
3301:
3229:
3119:
3110:
2872:
2757:
2606:
2599:
2550:
1495:multirole combat aircraft
1462:were operated during the
1293:0.50 caliber machine guns
1277:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
2481:Thetford, Owen Gordon. "
1569:work, with little or no
965:Sh, as attack aircraft.
394:aircraft (as opposed to
2873:Army/Air Force sequence
2335:. London:Putnam, 1970.
1795:Pace-Finletter MOU 1952
1790:List of attack aircraft
1698:United States Air Force
1599:low intensity conflicts
911:-armed versions of the
315:and the Soviet/Russian
245:("battle aircraft") or
2287:Cooling, Franklin, B.
1908:March 2, 2012, at the
1775:Air-to-ground weaponry
1700:requested a dedicated
1696:In the late 1960s the
1680:
1663:Operation Desert Storm
1646:Richard A. "Dick" Cody
1507:Douglas A-3 Skywarrior
1484:
1482:169th Airlift Squadron
1454:fighters and the U.S.
1325:
1308:high explosive rockets
1202:
1123:Curtiss SB2C Helldiver
980:
932:Imperial Japanese Navy
853:
739:
491:
363:
182:ground-attack aircraft
141:
18:Ground-attack aircraft
2508:at Wikimedia Commons
2436:Mortensen, Daniel R.
2123:) CS1 maint: others (
2051:Hallion 2010, p. 152.
1995:Thetford 1954, p. 56.
1671:
1476:
1460:Douglas A-1 Skyraider
1320:
1194:
1047:British specification
971:
840:
745:anti-aircraft weapons
737:
483:
404:Douglas SBD Dauntless
354:
324:light attack aircraft
135:
3302:Related designations
3111:Tri-Service sequence
2256:Flight International
2060:Gunston 2009, p. 61.
1827:Gunston 2009, p. 73.
1765:multirole fighters.
1648:, consisted of nine
1515:Grumman A-6 Intruder
1404:improve this section
1157:improve this article
768:Engineering Division
700:improve this article
549:NATO reporting names
511:British designations
54:improve this article
2684:Electronic warfare
2149:Mason 1998, p. 50.
1985:1990, pp. 101, 123.
1763:Eurofighter Typhoon
1656:and four Air Force
1622:fixed-wing aircraft
1539:A-10 Thunderbolt II
1258:Bristol Beaufighter
817:Curtiss A-12 Shrike
376:A-10 Thunderbolt II
278:Blackburn Buccaneer
2625:Counter-insurgency
2376:Hallion, Richard.
2251:2016-03-06 at the
2205:2005-11-10 at the
2198:Trimble, Stephen.
2182:2006-05-05 at the
1887:Pierrot and Vines
1866:2011-09-27 at the
1691:attack helicopters
1681:
1630:Key West Agreement
1603:counter-insurgency
1582:Aero L-39 Albatros
1531:LTV A-7 Corsair II
1519:F-105 Thunderchief
1485:
1456:Vought F4U Corsair
1326:
1227:No. 6 Squadron RAF
1203:
1119:United States Navy
1017:artillery spotting
981:
934:had developed the
883:During the 1930s,
854:
813:Curtiss A-2 Falcon
740:
738:Boeing GA-1, ~1920
666:Royal Flying Corps
506:Other designations
492:
463:multi-role fighter
447:United States Navy
364:
336:counter-insurgency
306:Attack helicopters
142:
3376:
3375:
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3296:
2826:
2825:
2822:
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2679:Close air support
2543:military aircraft
2504:Media related to
2483:Halberstadt CL.II
2446:978-1-4289-1564-0
2431:978-1-57638-167-0
2401:978-0-7864-3464-0
2386:978-0-8173-5657-6
2371:978-0-521-19165-4
2356:978-0-7146-4680-0
2331:Francillon, R.J.
2297:978-0-912799-64-3
2282:978-0-8914-1511-4
2098:978-1-59884-981-3
1861:"1911–2004 'A'.""
1753:in 2011, and the
1702:close air support
1634:attack helicopter
1551:Dassault Étendard
1440:
1439:
1432:
1372:Post-World War II
1342:military aircraft
1338:Bordkanone BK 7,5
1269:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
1251:Hans-Ulrich Rudel
1189:
1188:
1181:
1025:Westland Lysander
1011:Army co-operation
1005:Army co-operation
955:Soviet Air Forces
901:Spanish Civil War
832:Westland Lysander
792:close air support
732:
731:
724:
628:Sopwith TF series
580:close air support
475:air-to-air combat
459:close air support
441:is considered an
439:strategic bombing
427:military doctrine
174:close air support
158:military aircraft
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69:"Attack aircraft"
16:(Redirected from
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1478:OA-37B Dragonfly
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2391:Johnson, E. R.
2361:Gunston, Bill.
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1527:F-117 Nighthawk
1505:nuclear strike
1452:Hawker Sea Fury
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824:Royal Air Force
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490:in flight, 2008
423:attack aircraft
408:US Marine Corps
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330:or other light
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200:Strike fighters
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2775:Reconnaissance
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1322:Republic P-47N
1289:energy fighter
1273:Hawker Typhoon
1271:, the British
1223:Vickers S guns
1207:Junkers Ju 87s
1201:dropping bombs
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1097:fighter-bomber
1095:Main article:
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930:In Japan, the
913:Heinkel He 112
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435:Attack mission
431:attack mission
412:BT2D Skyraider
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2476:1-903223-41-5
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2461:0-7881-4298-4
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2416:0-9519899-9-5
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2341:0-370-00033-1
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2312:0-7006-1240-8
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2229:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2210:Aviation Week
2208:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2187:Murdoc Online
2185:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2140:
2139:1998, p. 121.
2134:
2126:
2122:
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2108:
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2100:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
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2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1941:
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1930:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1903:
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1896:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1838:2008, p. 413.
1833:
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1815:
1811:
1796:
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1715:
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1707:
1703:
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1694:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:AH-64 Apaches
1647:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:close support
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:carrier-based
1500:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1434:
1431:
1423:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1389:This section
1387:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1367:
1366:M102 howitzer
1363:
1359:
1358:Piaggio P.108
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:B-25 Mitchell
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
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1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:Night Witches
1232:
1231:Ilyushin Il-2
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1183:
1180:
1172:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1146:This section
1144:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:Junkers Ju 87
1074:
1070:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1043:Fairey Battle
1038:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
994:
992:
989:
988:Ilyushin Il-2
986:
978:
975:
974:Ilyushin Il-2
970:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
940:Heinkel He 70
937:
933:
928:
926:
925:Panzerknacker
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:Condor Legion
894:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
852:
848:
844:
839:
835:
833:
829:
828:Hawker Hector
825:
820:
818:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
736:
726:
723:
715:
705:
701:
695:
694:
689:This section
687:
683:
678:
677:
669:
667:
663:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:Close support
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
585:light bombers
581:
577:
567:
560:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
542:
536:
533:
532:
529:Yokosuka D4Y
526:
522:
518:
516:
512:
503:
501:
497:
489:
486:
482:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:light bombers
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
362:
358:
357:A-1 Skyraider
353:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:A variety of
320:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
259:Junkers Ju 87
256:
255:Ilyushin Il-2
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:United States
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:attack bomber
151:
147:
139:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2860:
2787:Surveillance
2765:Experimental
2647:Light bomber
2642:Heavy bomber
2619:
2498:
2486:
2467:
2452:
2437:
2422:
2407:
2406:Mason, Tim.
2392:
2377:
2362:
2347:
2332:
2317:
2303:
2288:
2273:
2255:
2240:
2227:
2217:
2209:
2194:
2186:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2133:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2028:December 13,
2026:. Retrieved
2022:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1964:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1870:
1856:
1844:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1746:
1743:Sukhoi Su-25
1718:interdiction
1712:weapon (the
1695:
1684:
1682:
1674:AH-64 Apache
1643:
1612:between the
1607:
1575:
1573:capability.
1535:Sukhoi Su-25
1513:, while the
1486:
1441:
1426:
1417:
1402:Please help
1390:
1337:
1334:PAK 40 75 mm
1327:
1305:
1266:
1255:
1246:
1243:
1219:Curtiss P-40
1204:
1197:
1175:
1166:
1155:Please help
1150:verification
1147:
1129:World War II
1116:
1108:interceptors
1100:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1052:
1040:
1037:Light bomber
1031:Light bomber
1014:
998:World War II
995:
990:
982:
976:
948:
929:
924:
888:
885:Nazi Germany
882:
855:
834:and others.
822:The British
821:
780:machine guns
765:
757:machine guns
749:dive bombers
741:
718:
709:
698:Please help
693:verification
690:
632:
613:
609:
593:dive bombers
573:
566:
546:
540:
534:
530:
519:
509:
499:
493:
470:
466:
450:
442:
434:
430:
422:
420:
395:
383:
380:World War II
372:A-6 Intruder
367:
365:
338:operations.
323:
321:
317:Sukhoi Su-25
310:
267:
246:
242:
211:World War II
208:
204:light bomber
191:
186:
181:
170:air defenses
153:
149:
145:
143:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2875:(1925–1962)
2865:Tri-Service
2739:Interdictor
2707:Interceptor
2616:(AEW&C)
2167:Bradin 1994
1850:2000, p. 3.
1785:Interdictor
1714:A-X program
1626:helicopters
1468:Vietnam War
1281:20mm cannon
1275:and the US
1073:Sturzkampf-
1063:Dive bomber
1057:Dive bomber
949:During the
899:during the
796:Banana Wars
772:Boeing GA-1
655:machine gun
624:Junkers J.I
576:World War I
570:World War I
557:Sukhoi Su-7
488:Harrier GR9
3383:Categories
2758:Non-combat
2734:Multi-role
2667:Pathfinder
2662:Penetrator
2578:Helicopter
2568:Fixed-wing
2137:Gooderson
1801:References
1730:Kosovo War
1710:anti-armor
1686:Army Times
1586:CASA C-101
1571:air-to-air
1567:anti-armor
1464:Korean War
1449:Royal Navy
951:Winter War
942:) and the
539:Aichi B7A
416:BTM Mauler
332:fixed-wing
319:Frogfoot.
162:airstrikes
80:newspapers
3252:F/A-18E/F
2814:Transport
2712:Emergency
2657:Strategic
2583:Unmanned
2115:cite book
2107:896872865
1922:16-401(I)
1848:Merriman
1806:Citations
1614:U.S. Army
1490:air force
1391:does not
1350:M4 cannon
1225:(notably
991:Sturmovik
977:Sturmovik
961:SSS, and
957:used the
936:Aichi D3A
917:Luftwaffe
870:Air Force
868:, as the
804:Nicaragua
662:artillery
637:tactics.
370:, as in "
282:U.S. Navy
247:sturmovik
2692:Intruder
2249:Archived
2232:Archived
2228:fool.com
2203:Archived
2180:Archived
1983:Cooling
1968:Hallion
1945:20 March
1924:, p. 17.
1906:Archived
1864:Archived
1836:Johnson
1769:See also
1747:Frogfoot
1738:Iraq War
1726:Gulf War
1624:, while
1616:and the
1610:aviation
1420:May 2021
1299:and the
1169:May 2021
1081:Schlacht
889:Schlacht
878:Waco CSO
874:Potez 25
864:and the
847:Potez 25
843:Waco CSO
790:applied
776:triplane
753:strafing
712:May 2021
651:infantry
643:strafing
635:all-arms
616:CL-class
601:fighters
328:trainers
237:and the
110:May 2021
2867:systems
2809:Trainer
2804:Testbed
2770:Liaison
2697:Fighter
2674:Carrier
2630:Gunship
2591:Stealth
2563:Balloon
2558:Airship
2541:Modern
2266:Sources
1780:Gunship
1676:of the
1592:. Such
1588:or the
1480:of the
1412:removed
1397:sources
1301:Pacific
1262:theatre
761:cannons
641:ground
620:J-class
563:History
515:Harrier
374:" and "
359:of the
235:Germany
219:Britain
166:bombers
136:A USAF
94:scholar
3319:AC-130
3314:AC-119
3264:F/A-22
3257:EA-18G
3247:F/A-18
3242:F/A-16
2799:Tanker
2717:Escort
2637:Bomber
2620:Attack
2607:Combat
2573:Glider
2474:
2459:
2444:
2429:
2414:
2399:
2384:
2369:
2354:
2339:
2324:
2310:
2295:
2280:
2105:
2095:
1736:, and
1652:, one
1559:strike
1297:Europe
985:Soviet
953:, the
909:cannon
806:. The
541:Ryusei
531:Suisei
290:series
280:. The
192:per se
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3351:AV-16
3344:AV-8B
3334:AU-24
3329:AU-23
3309:AC-47
3287:EA-37
3278:A-37
3167:EA-6B
3135:OA-1K
2792:Scout
2780:Scout
2722:Night
2600:Roles
2585:(UAV)
2551:Types
2019:(PDF)
1523:F-111
1249:ace,
1247:Stuka
1198:Stuka
1079:from
1069:Stuka
755:with
658:posts
553:Il-10
445:. In
392:USAAF
294:light
233:. In
152:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
3339:AV-8
3324:AT-6
3282:A-37
3274:A-29
3269:A-26
3237:A-16
3221:A-14
3216:A-13
3211:A-12
3206:A-11
3201:A-10
3184:A-7P
3179:A-7F
3126:A-1
3102:A-45
3097:A-44
3092:A-43
3087:A-42
3082:A-41
3077:A-40
3072:A-39
3067:A-38
3062:A-37
3057:A-36
3052:A-35
3047:A-34
3042:A-33
3037:A-32
3032:A-31
3027:A-30
3022:A-29
3017:A-28
3012:A-27
3007:A-26
3002:A-25
2997:A-24
2992:A-23
2987:A-22
2982:A-21
2977:A-20
2972:A-19
2967:A-18
2962:A-17
2957:A-16
2952:A-15
2947:A-14
2942:A-13
2937:A-12
2932:A-11
2927:A-10
2686:(EW)
2472:ISBN
2457:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2412:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2382:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2352:ISBN
2337:ISBN
2322:ISBN
2308:ISBN
2293:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2125:link
2121:link
2103:OCLC
2093:ISBN
2030:2022
1947:2018
1759:F-35
1720:and
1565:and
1509:and
1458:and
1395:any
1393:cite
1256:The
1217:and
1205:The
1117:The
907:and
866:Army
862:Navy
845:(or
802:and
618:and
547:The
457:and
414:and
390:for
382:the
361:USAF
296:and
253:and
239:USSR
229:and
217:and
73:news
3367:or
3196:A-9
3191:A-8
3174:A-7
3162:A-6
3157:A-5
3152:A-4
3147:A-3
3142:A-2
3130:A-1
2922:A-9
2917:A-8
2912:A-7
2907:A-6
2902:A-5
2897:A-4
2892:A-3
2887:A-2
2882:A-1
1672:An
1580:or
1547:AMX
1499:Jet
1406:by
1312:RP3
1159:by
1087:).
996:As
972:An
759:or
702:by
485:RAF
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144:An
56:by
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2230:.
2226:.
2117:}}
2113:{{
2101:.
2021:.
1976:^
1938:.
1878:^
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1497:.
1470:.
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1125:.
1114:.
1021:CL
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384:A-
368:A-
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1745:(
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1427:(
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1167:(
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1071:(
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719:(
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710:(
696:.
645:(
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500:F
471:F
467:A
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286:A
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20:)
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