743:, a professional organization in the United States that establishes and upholds professional standards among its members, states that the goal of its conservators is “to preserve the material evidence of our past so we can learn from it today and appreciate it in the future.” In striving to be “greener,” conservators must also now “consider not only the interaction of materials and environment with the art and artifacts treat, but also the use, production, and disposal of the materials employ in work.” Thus, another problem facing conservators is the issue of finding non-toxic or lower VOC replacements for tried and true conservation treatments. In order to fully understand the challenges associated with green conservation practices, then, it is helpful to examine what conservation professionals identify as core issues. Patricia Silence, in “How Are US Conservators Going Green? Results of Polling AIC Members” identifies five areas pertaining to sustainable practices: recycling, energy consumption, waste, improved sustainability through products and procedures, and education. The following list was composed based on findings from Silence's paper:
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colorful depictions in the "Time Tunnel". The subsequent gallery, "Living Planet", explains how a global ecosystem functions and what human stresses are to the Earth's global ecosystem on a rotating globe. Specifically identified as a stress to the global ecosystem is the rising population. Curators placed clocks in the exhibit that count increases in population across the globe. Beneath the clocks are the forms of humans and in their shadow is the images of industrial productivity. The following gallery, "Causes of Stress," identifies the source of ecological stresses as rampant consumerism and explains what causes this extreme behavior. The solutions gallery depicts sustainable development and an electronic display of sustainability success stories. This is an effort to show patrons how their choices impact not only themselves and their parts of the world but other people and their environments. The last gallery, "Looking Ahead," describes the projected future of the globe if humans adopt the prescribed changes. The desired effect is an emotional response to the human impact on the global ecosystem.
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six sinks for women and two toilets, four waterless urinals and four sinks for men. The sinks do not rely on electricity or battery power; rather, they recharge as water runs through them. The used water runs into a Grey Water garden that is unharmed by the bio-compatible soap available for use by patrons. The restroom doubles as exhibition space, informing visitors of water conservation. Along the pathway to the entrance of the restroom there are water-droplet-shaped signs that give visitors tips for conserving and repurposing water at home. Signs continue over the sinks, providing visitors with facts about water use meant to inspire thought about their own use and what they can do to use less water. Signs on the inside of the stall doors inform visitors how composting toilets function and the impact they have on the environment. This installation not only shows patrons how they can make simple changes to conserve water but implements those changes in real time at the Zoo. In educating, the Zoo is also making a difference.
683:- Museums can also use sunlight to illuminate spaces. However, sunlight is one of the most damaging forms of light because of the presence of UV light in the sun's rays. Sunlight is a viable lighting source for spaces that do not contain light sensitive materials: lobbies, offices; or in museums that do not contain light sensitive objects. Museums can use UV filters on windows to lessen the harmful effects of sunlight. One rationale for using natural light is predicated largely on economics; a greater reliance on daylight reduces energy consumption and costs. Literature supports that natural light can create a more positive effect on spaces than electric light and improves human performance. With properly installed and maintained daylighting systems, natural light has proved to be beneficial for the health, productivity, and safety of building occupants.
732:, utilizes a natural ventilation system that could expose its collections to airborne flora and fauna, fluctuations in temperature and humidity, and strong daylight. In order to combat these factors, Jonathan Katz, CEO of Cinnabar, Inc., the firm that was hired by the California Academy of Sciences to design exhibits for the main floor of its new Natural History building, devised a “kit of parts” system where specimen display cases themselves could be configured to control temperature, humidity, and light. These cases had to reflect the sustainability mission of the museum and thus had to be built in such a way that they could be reconfigured and reused as exhibits changed. This is simply one example of how the perceived conflict between green exhibition and building design and the preservation of objects was resolved.
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visual reminder to all zoo visitors and traffic from nearby highway of the zoo's commitment to conservation. In order to accomplish the project, the Toledo Zoo turned to a local companies, and used funds from private contributions and an energy grant from ODOD to cover the $ 14,750,000 price. Also, The Toledo Zoo, in keeping with their mission statement, included informational panels on how the Solar Walk works and the amount of energy produced to date, so that visitors can be informed on the conservational value of the project. The Solar Walk will reduce the Zoo's carbon footprint by over 75 metric tons each year, which is equivalent to 15 medium-sized cars. The Toledo Zoo has further committed to incorporate green construction into its building plans through
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Architects partially built the structure into the terrain, with 14th feet of usable space below ground. It was determined that by doing this, Phipps would save 40-50% of annual energy costs compared with an entirely above ground structure, and demonstrated that sustainable design could be created in ways that were still sympathetic to historic settings. Phipps will also be opening the Center for
Sustainable Landscapes, which will house a center for education, research, and administration. It is scheduled to open in the spring of 2012, and is planned to exceed the LEED platinum certification, and achieve the
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this as a means of accessing the museum. In building to the LEED Gold standard, the Museum of
Contemporary Art has also made its operations more energy efficient. The façade is built to maximize climate control and limit the use of traditional forced air. Radiant flooring circulates heat around the perimeter of the building. These are two ways that MCA Denver conserves energy. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego purchased paint, office furnishings, windows and doors from local vendors. By educating the community and putting advocacy into action, museums become socially responsible.
675:- Hybrid solar lighting combines solar power and fiber optics to channel sunlight into an enclosed space. Sunlight is tracked by a rooftop parabolic disk and sensors maintain a constant level of illumination by supplementing sunlight with traditional electric light in special hybrid lighting fixtures. They are more energy efficient than typical light sources because of their hybrid nature, and remove UV and IR light before they enter an enclosed space. One of their primary limitations is the distance light must travel via fiber optic cable.
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is on the rise, museums have more opportunities than ever to cut down on the amount of electricity they use. The challenge to the lighting designer is to achieve a balance between creating interesting and desirable spaces, maintaining visual comfort and health of the visitor, while adhering to energy conservation goals. Lighting is a constantly changing field, especially with new innovations in green technology and energy-efficient options. The lighting options for museums available today will radically change in the next ten years.
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United States. Exhibit SEED is a toolkit designed to help museums create holistically sustainable museum exhibits. The guide is based on "Three
Pillars of Sustainability for Museums," considerations based on environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability, and provides multiple examples of how a museum might reasonably adjust their practices to incorporate these pillars. Many museums across the globe has since developed and shared their own guidelines for sustainability in museums. The
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546:, there are many types of educational, recreational, and social skills that may be successfully taught outdoors. Outdoor museum spaces include pathways, trails, pavilions, picnic areas, fountains, courtyards, waste management areas, rooftops, and the greater surrounding environment. Whether a new facility or an existing one, green museums use these outdoor areas to implement sustainable practices. For instance, incorporating native plants,
481:. Sustainability is an opportunity for thoughtful, proactive museum work. "Museums can play a critical role in moving the communities they serve towards a more sustainable future. Aligning their missions and programs with sustainability principles ... will recalibrate their own daily practices as well as awaken their community to the array of choices perhaps otherwise invisible to them" (183).
583:(USGBC) introduced the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system that ranks sustainability in buildings and operations. To date, LEED is focused mostly on structures and development, while landscape issues are minimally addressed. The Sustainable SITES Initiative (SITES) is a new benchmark and rating system that was created, as a joint venture by the
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control and maintain ideal environments for historic building and artifacts alone is staggering. Since the heart of authenticity for many types of museums is the display of artifacts and specimens from their collections, it can be challenging to create ideal environments for these objects while also creating greener museum buildings and exhibition spaces. For example, the
520:, as identified by Brophy and Wylie, whose storage is "carved out of Manhattan bedrock." The bedrock provides natural cool storage without using electricity to generate an air conditioned climate. Thus neither money nor electricity are spent to control the climate of the storage space, which stresses not only museum funds but increasingly scarce electricity too.
659:- Compact Fluorescent Light bulbs use gas that is stimulated with an electric current to produce light. CFLs use less energy than an incandescent and last six to ten times longer. CFLs contain mercury so disposal should be handled with appropriate safety measures (caution, PPE, staff training when applicable, waste management consultants, etc.).
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to incorporate energy saving practices into their daily operations, altering the facilities they already inhabit rather than building anew. Brophy and Wylie identify simple solutions such as installing motion sensors that turn the lights on when visitors enter the gallery and turn the lights off when they exit, such as those found at
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before purchase). LEDs consume approximately one fifth the energy of halogen bulbs, have estimated lifespans of 50,000 hours, and decrease building cooling costs significantly. Their initial installation may be expensive due to the cost of the bulb and whether or not the museum can retrofit. However,
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track lighting in galleries and fluorescent light in storage; however, these are not energy efficient options. Halogen lights waste energy by creating four times the amount of heat as a regular incandescent light and can become fire hazards. In a world where the use of more energy-efficient products
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As stewards of the public trust, museums bear a responsibility to maintain collections utilizing the most efficient methods available. Museums must do their part to ensure that there is a public to enjoy the collection and resources to exhibit the collection. One way museums can conserve resources is
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centers that serve the public, museums are in a position to teach about sustainability to a large audience in meaningful ways. Through a combination of motivation and information, green museums try to initiate changes in behavior in people's everyday lives. Green museums lead by example by explaining
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in Toledo, Ohio. In 2007, the institution redefined its mission statement to focus on informing the public about conservation. As part of its mission, the Toledo Zoo committed to green construction, which was shown in the parking lot renovation project. The main parking lot was redesigned in order to
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The green museum movement began in science and children's museums. Science museums found that environmental advocacy and education fit easily within their missions and programming. Children's museums saw that using green design in their inside environments created a healthy playground for their young
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The ability to quantify the performance of outdoor spaces is important to be a trusted example in the green museum community. There are multiple rating systems and interactive tools online and there is a growing consultancy field aimed at helping museums audit, develop baselines, and benchmark their
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and aims to show patrons the human ecological impact on the planet, what practices they can adopt to lessen this impact, and project what the future will be if humans do not take action. Visitors are helped to understand what Earth looked like before humans and gradual human impact over time through
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Museums, as a trusted part of the informal education system, are able to address the economic, cultural, and social dimensions of sustainability. They achieve this by engaging the public with interactive exhibits and by publicizing their own green efforts. The goal, stated or unstated, is to educate
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theory that if you introduce abstract and difficult environmental issues to children at too early of an age, and without the proper background knowledge, they will retreat from nature. An example of a museum attempting to overcome
Ecophobia would be one that promotes a love of nature and presents a
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Some scholars suggest that sustainability and green design are a natural extension of a museum's mission statement. Some museums choose to make sustainability a central part of their identity, writing their commitment to being green in their mission statements. Sustainability can be seen as relating
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Through the project, Sustainability: Promoting
Sustainable Decision Making in Informal Education, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), OMSI also developed Exhibit Social Environmental and Economic Development (Exhibit SEED) in collaboration with multidisciplinary professionals across the
356:(USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, the OMSI Green Exhibition Certification guide simplified and adapted the LEED system to cater to the specific needs of the museum sector, especially in view of the limited financial and human resources found in many museums.
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Another project at the Toledo Zoo is the Solar Walk, which opened in
November 2010 and includes over 1400 solar panels that produce 104,000 kilowatt hours per year, the same amount of energy used by ten typical homes in Ohio. The Toledo Zoo and the Solar Walk's design team wanted the project to be a
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Lighting is an essential component for museums since light is required to view objects as well as move and interact in the front and backend of museums. However, lighting can irreversibly change the appearance of objects such as paintings, textiles, leather, photographs, books and paper, or mounted
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in Denver, CO, has incorporated locally sourcing materials into its LEED-Gold design plan. The Museum highlights that its green roof, furniture fixtures and equipment have all been locally sourced. The museum also encourages the use of public transportation by offering discounts to visitors who use
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seeks to educate its patrons about water resources and the impact of restroom use on water resources through the EcoRestroom exhibit. At the same time, by installing this restroom with composting toilets the Zoo has reduced its carbon footprint. The restroom serves men and women with 12 toilets and
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was given a LEED silver certification for its new
Welcome Center, which "is designed to evoke the geometry of the historic glass houses behind it." It has 11,000 square feet of lobby, ticketing, gift shop, and cafe space with a 34 ft high glass dome that is insulated to control glare and heat.
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joined a global coalition (United for #Biodiversity) to raise awareness about the protection of biodiversity and launched its exhibit
Extinction Voices which aimed to highlight the threat of wildlife extinction and gather ideas for collective action. Another aspect of museums role in the culture of
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often used interchangeably. However, according to Brophy and Wylie, "green" and "sustainable" have distinctly different definitions. "Green refers to products and behaviors that are environmentally benign, while sustainable means practices that rely on renewable or reusable materials and processes
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are all ways museums can maximize the use of, and green their grounds. Additionally, the natural surrounding environment can be an integral part of the green museum (where the land is part of the museum). Incorporating these outdoor spaces provides a more flexible learning environment with greater
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patrons about the effect they have on their environment, the ecological, economic, and cultural risks taken when they ignore their impact on the world, and introduce ways that they can reduce their carbon footprint. Thus, museums achieve civic engagement and social responsibility through teaching.
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Museums are taking a more active approach to the project development of their exhibits. Children's museums initiated the green museum movement, mainly out of health concerns for the young visitors. Using toxic materials and chemicals on structures intended for children became a high worry for both
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lighting allows for light and energy to only be used when a person is engaged in a specific task or in a certain area. Museums can use this lighting in areas with less traffic, office spaces, and most importantly, to minimize light exposure for especially light-sensitive objects. Lighting entire
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One approach green museums are taking to improve sustainability is to consider their outdoor spaces and landscape design. Greening outdoor spaces provides multiple benefits beyond aesthetics and museums are increasingly using their outdoor spaces to further sustainable strategies and educational
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artifacts and landmark buildings are often seen as conflicting with the most efficient and effective means of “going green.” Light, temperature, humidity, pollutants, particulates, and pests must all be monitored in order to properly preserve objects and historic buildings - the energy spent to
595:. Modeled after the LEED program, SITES is a work in progress to establish benchmarks and a rating system that addresses site selection, landscape design, construction, operations, maintenance and monitoring. Currently SITES is in the pilot project phase, and will be completed in June 2012.
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Green museums strive to help people become more conscious of the limitations of their world, and how their actions affect their world. The goal is to create positive change by encouraging people to make sustainable choices in their daily lives. They use their position as community-centered
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Museums are in a unique position to establish and promote a culture of sustainability as they are arenas that simulataneousy preserve and create culture. As a result, museums are now considered to have a key role in shaping a sustainable future. These changes can be achieved through their
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building practices and sourcing materials locally. Purchasing building materials and employing local labor stimulates the economy in the vicinity of the museum. It also reduces the carbon footprint of construction; materials purchased from local suppliers do not need to be delivered on a
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thinking in their outdoor planning. For example, the Peggy
Notebaert Nature Museum designed a rooftop that won the 2003 Chicago Green Roof Award. The living portion of the roof reduces the volume of storm water runoff and solar panels generate electricity used by the museum below.
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Sustainability reflects a complex system where components are closely linked and do not exist in isolation from one another. A sustainable system affects and is affected by the individual and collective behaviors of its members. Sustainability, therefore, recognizes the
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areas that are rarely used or used less often than high traffic spaces is a drain on energy and money for a museum, and can lead to significant photobleaching. Motion sensors allow for decreased energy costs and a longer display time for very light-sensitive objects.
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as one justification for their Kids' Discovery Clubs, which focuses on encouraging children to not only learn about animals but also find out what they can do to help wildlife. Another museum to cite Louv's Nature
Deficit Disorder for their programming is the
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and three solar panels to power the ticket booths at the park's entrance. The wind-turbine and solar panels generate 3600 kilowatt hours per year, which can be redirected into the zoo's main power grid when the booths are not in use and reduce the zoo's
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in Madison, WI developed their own "green guide" for sustainable museum practice; their green initiatives in sustainable materials, community outreach, and museum programming led them to become the first Wisconsin museum to receive LEED certification.
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to visitors what sustainable activities they are doing and why through signage, programming, and websites. The goal is that visitors will learn about sustainable practices at the museum and then be able to implement them at home.
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the museum staff and parents. "In its 2004 expansion project the Children's Museum of Pittsburgh used only adhesives, sealants, paints, carpets, and composite wood that are certified formaldehyde free with near-zero off-gassing."
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visitors. Once sustainability became a topic of discussion in museum circles, zoos and aquariums realized that their existing missions and programming of species conservation was in essence sustainable education. Recently, the
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to three aspects included in most museum missions: field of research, purpose of public service, and the mandate for education. Museums that model green behavior enhance their missions and support their communities.
642:- Light Emitting Diodes create light through the movement of electrons in a semi-conductor material. As such, they produce very little heat and can sometimes emit light in the 400 nm range (always check a LEDs
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352:(OMSI) developed the OMSI Green Exhibit Certification guide to assist museums in assessing the environmental sustainability of their exhibits, and to help develop more sustainable forward plans. Based on the
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Museums achieve further social responsibility through implementation of sustainable practices that they advocate in building or altering facilities such that they are sustainable. This includes using
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they can pay themselves back in three years depending on the lightbulb and lighting/heating energy costs. Over a period of ten years, they can save ~240 million kilograms (~530 million pounds) of CO
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to reduce heating and cooling energy requirements and contains many other energy and water saving features. It has been widely recognized as likely the "greenest" building currently on the planet.
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203:. Some scholars believe that a focus on sustainability is a way for museums to be relevant in the 21st century. However, most conventional museums are not engaged in sustainable practices.
76:’ Code of Ethics. There are many types of museums that specialize in various fields, including anthropology, art, history, natural history, science, and can have living collections such as
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The struggle to reconcile green practices and object conservation goes far beyond the exhibition hall, as most museums only display a fraction of the objects in their collections. Museum
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Green museums aim to promote a culture of sustainability, which can be defined in two parts: culture, which includes the values, practices, beliefs and aspirations of a society. Whilst
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into its operations, programming, and facility. Many green museums use their collections to produce exhibitions, events, classes, and other programming to educate the public about the
448:. They spearheaded the national Take a Child Outside Week, which encourages children and adults to spend time together outdoors. Many museums also approach sustainability issues with
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became the world's first LEED certified art museum complex in 2008 when it received LEED Gold certification, with such innovative features as a heat recovery ventilator, CO
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Zoos and botanical gardens have also become leaders in the green museum field. The Denver Zoo, Woodland Park Zoo, and Cincinnati Zoo all received Green Awards at the 2011
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variety of actions guests can take to help the environment before presenting them with more controversial and abstract environmental and sustainability issues. The
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Museums have the capacity to influence visitor attitudes toward their local environment that can have a positive impact, for example, on the preservation of local
667:- Fiber optic lights use plastic or glass fibers to distribute light. The heat source is removed from the end of the fiber and the longer the length of the fiber.
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educational opportunities. Outdoor spaces allow for hands-on projects that promote environmental awareness and are an ideal catalyst for community involvement.
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Druzik, J.; Miller, N. J. Demonstration Assessment of Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) Retrofit Lamps: Host Site, J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California. 2012.
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The guide provides a checklist for organizations who follows eight elements regularly used in exhibit design. After evaluation, they are awarded 0-4 points:
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Barrett, M. J. & Sutter, G. C. (2006). A youth forum on sustainability meets The Human Factor: Challenging cultural narratives in schools and museums.
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that are green or environmentally benign." Another frequently cited definition for "sustainability" that is used in various contexts was developed by the
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L. Edwards and P. Torcellini. "A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, July 2002
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is another museum that has taken charge in the green museum movement. The Rio Tinto Center of the museum has been certified with a Gold LEED Certificate.
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Science museums and zoos were quick to follow children's museums in the green movement. One of the first science museums to adopt green initiatives was
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is a natural lighting option that uses permanent architectural sun-shading techniques to reduce the amount of light that enters a building or a museum.
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in Virginia. Those light bulbs could even be replaced with long-lasting LED bulbs. Other museums that manipulate their facilities location include the
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certified building to teach children and their families about environmental conservation through interactive, age appropriate exhibits and activities.
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specimens. Museums must take special care to avoid unnecessary light damage. Visible and near-visible light can be separated into three categories:
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Sutter, Glenn C. “Promoting Sustainability: Audience and Curatorial Perspectives on “The Human Factor.”” Curator 51, no. 2 (April 2008): 187-202.
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Gordon, Douglas. Cheryl Wagner. Planning School Grounds for Outdoor Learning. National Clearing House for Educational Facilities. October 2010
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In recent years, calls for museums to become sustainable institutions have come from within the museum field as a way for museums to achieve
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Museums make a "unique contribution to the public by collecting, preserving, and interpreting the things of this world", according to the
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With the green museum movement beginning in children's museums, The Children's Discovery Museum in Normal, Illinois, became the first
2375:- A link to the NUS Green Impact Award, a programme offering guidance and a toolkit for institutions to improve sustainable practice.
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Blagoeva-Yarkova, Y (2012). "The role of local cultural institutions for local sustainable development. The case-study of Bulgaria".
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2381:- A link to Icon's Environmental Sustainability Network Resource page, offering publications, events and toolkits on sustainability.
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Brophy, Sarah S. and Elizabeth Wylie. “Saving Collections and the Planet.” Museum 88, no. 6 (November/ December 2009): 52-7, 59-60.
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mantra became mainstream, a small number of museums had already begun promoting sustainable decision making through exhibits. The
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to find the most effective ways to motivate their audiences to conservation action. For instance, Disney's Animal Kingdom cites
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Beyond halogen and incandescent light options, museums use LEDs, CFLs, fiber optics, hybrid solar lighting and natural light.
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and technology. Green museums interpret their own sustainable practices and green design to present a model of behavior.
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Organizations are working to develop a standard rating system for the specific needs of green exhibitions. In 2008, the
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Many museums dedicated to sustainability and conservation education often utilize the works of theorists like
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Bhatt, Sonal. “Interpreting a Green Scene: The Bronx Zoo’s Eco-Restroom.” Exhibitionist (Spring 2009): 39-42.
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Overcoming “ecophobia”: fostering environmental empathy through narrative in children's science literature.
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Mirel, Diana. "The Art of Sustainability." Journal of Property Management 73, no. 4 (Jul/Aug 2008): 8-9.
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increase parking capacity and aid traffic flow, and the project incorporated green elements such as
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The word "green" means environmentally thoughtful practice. The words "green" and "sustainable" are
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began in the 1990s and have continued to grow. Green museums are receiving a lot of attention from
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Silence, Patricia (2010). "How are US Conservators Going Green? Results of Polling AIC Members".
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SITES, "Michigan Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects" Volume 5 Number 1. 2011
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Assessing young Children's Learning within an informal setting at Disney's Kid's Discovery Clubs
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features such as bamboo and recycled rubber flooring to construct the building as well as used
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tractor-trailer, on an airplane, or on a ship, all of which consume fuel, time and money. The
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Hatchfield, Pamela (2011). "Crack Warp Shrink Flake: a New Look at Conservation Standards".
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Katz, Jonathan (2010). "Sustainability & Specimen Display: a Conflict of Program?".
1971:"Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego." Architectural Record 195, no. 6 (June 2007): 66.
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revised its accreditation standards to include a requirement of environmental advocacy.
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Link, T. (2006). Models of sustainability: Museums, citizenship, and common wealth.
1129:"Promoting Sustainability: Audience and Curatorial Perspectives on The Human Factor"
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in Burlington, Vermont, which was the first LEED certified building in Vermont. The
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Wylie, E. & Brophy, S.S. (2008). The greener good: The enviro-active museum.
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Sutter, G. C. (2006). Thinking like a system: Are museums up to the challenge?
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are tasked with the care, preservation, and restoration of these objects – the
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children's museum on October 3, 2005, when it received a Silver certification.
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asks people to adapt at a cultural level, changing their beliefs and behavior.
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Brophy, Sarah; Wylie, Elizabeth (2009). "Saving Collections and the Planet".
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Pop, Izabela; Borza, Anca; Buiga, Anuta; Ighian, Diana; Toader, Rita (2019).
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to generate electricity. Other good examples of green museums include The
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Balavage, S. Dr. Heimlich, J. Kocanjer, N. Lehnhardt, K. Dr. Mellen, J.
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and reusing concrete. The renovation also included a residential-sized
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as well as their active engagement in debates surrounding climatic and
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2118:
http://arch.ced.berkeley.edu/vitalsigns/workup/sf_museums/museum.html
551:
504:
449:
421:
105:
2283:. American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
1942:
1940:
1938:
1402:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1063:
Loach, Kirsten; Rowley, Jennifer; Griffiths, Jillian (2017-03-04).
547:
235:
196:
2372:
2276:
1779:
Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education,
740:
51:. Many, but not all, green museums reside in a building featuring
2254:
1935:
617:
1790:
1502:
710:
575:
performance. One strategy for museums going green is to become
40:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1759:
1167:"United for Biodiversity - Environment - European Commission"
721:
461:
respects the developmental stages of children by using their
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1551:
Grahl, Cindy. "Toledo Zoo Solar Walk: Walking on sunshine".
2345:
Museum Practice: Is Now the Time to Invest in LED lighting?
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
638:
1919:
836:
Try to reuse or recycle a greater proportion of used items
2138:
Guidelines for Selecting Solid-State Lighting for Museums
1949:
1564:
Raghuveer, Amulya. "Toledo Zoo dedicates new SolarWalk".
1013:
Worts, D. (2006). Fostering a culture of sustainability.
942:
1895:
1537:
http://zooexplorer.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/going-green/
1362:
849:
Improved Sustainability through Products and Procedures
2260:
2194:"Different Solar Power System a Hybrid Solar Lighting"
1566:
http://www.northwestohio.com/news/story.aspx?id=541642
1547:
1545:
1276:
157:
sustainability is getting their visitors to engage in
809:
Using renewable energy to power environmental systems
321:
wells, environmentally friendly insulation and other
2302:
2300:
2298:
2032:
The Green Museum: A Primer on Environmental Practice
1855:
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8: e10–e15.
1587:
The Green Museum: A Primer on Environmental Practice
1228:
The Green Museum: A Primer on Environmental Practice
1062:
959:
The Green Museum: A Primer on Environmental Practice
862:
Water-based cleaning systems and/or natural products
250:, who received a LEED Silver certification in 2006.
59:
institutions to create a culture of sustainability.
1542:
1515:Klinger, Eric. "Building Green at the Toledo Zoo".
1029:
345:, developed a concept known as "The Recycle Shop".
280:Art museums are now also joining the movement. The
2239:
246:who earned a LEED Gold certification in 2007, and
2295:
2226:
2224:
2222:
814:Using more energy-efficient environmental systems
544:National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities
2386:
1517:http://www.aza.org/Membership/detail.aspx?id=778
1367:. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press. pp. 13, 146.
1111:
536:
2136:Druzik, James R.; Michalski, Stefan W. (2012).
2135:
2088:"Lighting Choices Inside and Outside Your Home"
1535:Waugh, Elise. "Going Green". August 18, 2011.
2219:
1589:. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press. pp. 88–91.
566:Increasingly, green museums are incorporating
295:One specific example of a green museum is The
2029:
1991:
1989:
1584:
1553:http://www.bxmagazine.com/article.asp?ID=1156
1191:"Bristol Museum joins biodiversity coalition"
956:
711:Greening the field of preventive conservation
2067:
2065:
2054:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1979:
1977:
1828:Hall, Sarah Lindenfeld (20 September 2011).
1760:Madison Children's Museum (September 2019).
1609:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
981:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
558:, butterfly gardens, vegetable gardens, and
124:
2269:
2030:Brophy, Wylie, Sarah S., Elizabeth (2008).
1830:"Take a Child Outside Week starts Saturday"
1585:Brophy, Wylie, Sarah S., Elizabeth (2008).
1225:
957:Brophy, Wylie, Sarah S., Elizabeth (2008).
796:solutions to display and storage of objects
270:Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens
2245:
2034:. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press. p. 36.
1986:
1877:The Brooklyn Children's Museum Goes Green.
2152:https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2036.4886
2062:
1974:
1726:"3 Pillars of Sustainability for Museums"
1080:
1047:
961:. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press. p. 8.
446:North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences
121:, and aims to mitigate negative effects.
2163:
1226:Brophy, Sarah; Wylie, Elizabeth (2013).
1069:International Journal of Cultural Policy
841:Proper disposal training for toxic items
585:American Society of Landscape Architects
468:
167:
15:
2306:
1652:
2387:
2191:
2169:"How does hybrid solar lighting work?"
1126:
598:
226:green museum in 2008, followed by The
2116:"A Lighting Study of Three Museums"_
1892:vol.1, no. 2, Fall 2006, pp. 173-190.
1625:"Homepage | Boston Children's Museum"
1254:vol.1, no. 2, Fall 2006, pp. 203-218.
1017:vol.1, no. 2, Fall 2006, pp. 151-172.
350:Oregon Museum of Science and Industry
255:ECHO, Leahy Center for Lake Champlain
2230:
2071:
1827:
1723:
1025:
1023:
1009:
1007:
902:Procedures for testing new materials
887:Less toxic pest management chemicals
222:in Tupper Lake, NY became the first
741:American Institute for Preservation
628:
589:Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
88:, and zoos, or no collections like
13:
1278:Association of Zoos and Aquariums.
1145:10.1111/j.2151-6952.2008.tb00305.x
325:and green construction materials.
14:
2411:
2338:
1363:Brophy S. & Wylie E. (2008).
1020:
1004:
857:Less toxic chemicals and solvents
328:
266:Association of Zoos and Aquariums
209:Association of Zoos and Aquariums
191:Discussions within museums about
877:Used equipment, furniture, tools
872:Recycled or re-purposed products
154:Bristol Museum & Art Gallery
2357:Philips and the State Hermitage
2250:(January–February): 40–3, 51–2.
2210:
2185:
2157:
2144:
2129:
2110:
2080:
2023:
2012:from the original on 2012-07-07
1998:
1965:
1882:
1859:
1844:
1821:
1798:
1784:
1771:
1753:
1717:
1692:
1668:
1646:
1617:
1578:
1558:
1529:
1482:
1462:
1436:
1415:
1395:
1381:
1356:
1342:
1316:
1284:
1270:
1257:
1244:
1219:
1207:
1183:
695:Motion Sensor and Task Lighting
119:human impact on the environment
2076:(5th ed.). The AAM Press.
1159:
1120:
1105:
1056:
989:
950:
936:
897:Procedures for proper disposal
867:Organic cotton rags and towels
722:California Academy of Sciences
259:Natural History Museum of Utah
175:California Academy of Sciences
62:
43:that incorporates concepts of
1:
1082:10.1080/10286632.2016.1184657
930:
537:Landscapes and outdoor spaces
177:uses native plantings on its
2265:(September–October): n. pag.
1890:Museums & social issues,
1252:Museums & social issues,
1015:Museums & social issues,
944:American Alliance of Museums
882:Less toxic packing materials
644:Spectral Power Distribution
593:United States Botanic Garden
415:
248:Pittsburgh Children's Museum
193:environmental sustainability
74:American Alliance of Museums
7:
2192:Sommer, John (2021-01-21).
2074:Museum Registration Methods
1133:Curator: The Museum Journal
579:Certificated. In 2000, the
459:Brooklyn Children's Museums
363:Rapidly Renewable Materials
354:U.S. Green Building Council
10:
2416:
1114:Trakia Journal of Sciences
530:Museum of Contemporary Art
488:Some museums, such as the
406:
288:sensors, and on site grey
228:Brooklyn Children's Museum
186:
2321:10.1179/sic.2010.55.3.159
1810:IZE Journal NR. 25 - 2009
1653:Willcox, Jessica (2009).
1629:bostonchildrensmuseum.org
1423:"World Architecture News"
1292:"Children's Green Museum"
1127:Sutter, Glenn C. (2008).
786:(radiant heating systems)
581:US Green Building Council
490:Royal Saskatchewan Museum
401:
395:Madison Children's Museum
313:by 5600 pounds annually.
275:Living Building Challenge
125:Culture of sustainability
67:
2362:Green Museums Initiative
1850:Diane M McKnight. 2010.
1281:Retrieved 20 April 2008.
947:Retrieved 20 April 2008.
757:(rags, sponges, brushes)
542:goals. According to the
343:Boston Children's Museum
244:Boston Children's Museum
99:
53:sustainable architecture
2309:Studies in Conservation
1795:Retrieved June 3, 2007.
724:, which is housed in a
452:in mind. Ecophobia is
441:Nature Deficit Disorder
282:Grand Rapids Art Museum
2092:Consumer Energy Center
2072:Buck, Rebecca (2010).
1267:January/February 2008.
1001:Retrieved 21 May 2007.
606:ultraviolet light (UV)
375:Low-Emitting Materials
339:reduce, reuse, recycle
183:
32:
918:Best Practices Manual
792:finding creative and
728:building designed by
672:Hybrid Solar Lighting
514:Colonial Williamsburg
475:social responsibility
469:Social responsibility
171:
143:environmental changes
29:Tupper Lake, New York
19:
165:issues more widely.
2006:"Welcome to nginx!"
1781:January 2006, 9-23.
1450:on 11 November 2011
1391:. 2 September 2011.
1330:on 18 December 2011
1195:Museums Association
784:Temperature Control
614:infrared light (IR)
599:Lighting in museums
372:End-life Assessment
49:natural environment
2379:Icon ESN Resources
2373:Green Impact Award
2350:2012-02-16 at the
2173:Explain that Stuff
2123:2012-04-05 at the
1871:2012-04-25 at the
1815:2012-04-25 at the
1571:2012-04-04 at the
1522:2011-07-30 at the
1230:. AltaMira Press.
1049:10.3390/su11040970
776:Energy Consumption
763:(digital archives)
755:Reusable materials
388:Regional Materials
184:
94:children's museums
33:
2041:978-0-7591-1164-6
1792:greenexhibits.org
1596:978-0-7591-1164-6
1374:978-0-7591-1165-3
1052:– via mdpi.
968:978-0-7591-1164-6
232:rapidly renewable
82:botanical gardens
2407:
2400:Types of museums
2333:
2332:
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2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2235:(Spring): 66–69.
2228:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2198:DIY Solar Panels
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
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2161:
2155:
2148:
2142:
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2133:
2127:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2094:. Archived from
2084:
2078:
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2059:
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2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
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1748:
1747:
1741:
1735:. Archived from
1730:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1664:. Spring: 14–20.
1659:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1631:. Archived from
1621:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1600:
1582:
1576:
1562:
1556:
1549:
1540:
1533:
1527:
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1496:
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1480:
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1466:
1460:
1459:
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1446:. Archived from
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1389:"Sustainability"
1385:
1379:
1378:
1365:The Green Museum
1360:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1326:. Archived from
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1304:on 15 April 2012
1303:
1297:. Archived from
1296:
1288:
1282:
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1255:
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1242:
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1217:
1211:
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1084:
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1027:
1018:
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993:
987:
986:
980:
972:
954:
948:
940:
629:Lighting options
498:The Human Factor
479:civic engagement
369:Recycled Content
323:renewable energy
311:carbon footprint
268:conference. The
78:public aquariums
2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2406:
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2385:
2384:
2352:Wayback Machine
2341:
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2240:
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2215:
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2200:
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2186:
2177:
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2165:Woodford, Chris
2162:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2134:
2130:
2125:Wayback Machine
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2098:on 28 July 2012
2086:
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2015:
2013:
2004:
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1975:
1970:
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1961:
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1936:
1931:
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1896:
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1873:Wayback Machine
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1817:Wayback Machine
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1573:Wayback Machine
1563:
1559:
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1530:
1524:Wayback Machine
1514:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1490:"Green Network"
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1125:
1121:
1116:. 10, 4: 42–52.
1110:
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1028:
1021:
1012:
1005:
994:
990:
974:
973:
969:
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830:Use less energy
769:(for later use)
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220:The Wild Center
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31:, United States
25:natural history
21:The Wild Center
12:
11:
5:
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2395:Sustainability
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2340:
2339:External links
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2334:
2315:(3): 159–163.
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2209:
2184:
2167:(2008-03-02).
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1997:
1985:
1973:
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1879:May–June 2004.
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1139:(2): 187–202.
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1075:(2): 186–198.
1055:
1036:Sustainability
1019:
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998:United Nations
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438:Richard Louv's
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379:Certified wood
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366:Resource Reuse
364:
330:
329:Green exhibits
327:
285:
224:LEED certified
216:LEED certified
188:
185:
172:
163:sustainability
159:climate change
131:sustainability
126:
123:
111:United Nations
101:
98:
86:nature centers
69:
66:
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61:
45:sustainability
9:
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2233:Exhibitionist
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1763:
1762:"Green Guide"
1756:
1742:on 2021-11-10
1738:
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1727:
1724:OMSI (2012).
1720:
1705:
1701:
1700:"ExhibitSEED"
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1662:Exhibitionist
1656:
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1470:"Ziger/Snead"
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2102:15 November
1836:27 November
1680:www.nsf.gov
1454:13 November
1428:13 November
1334:13 November
1324:"Inhabitat"
1308:13 November
730:Renzo Piano
568:sustainable
560:green roofs
434:David Sobel
337:Before the
290:water reuse
139:exhibitions
63:Definitions
2389:Categories
2287:13 October
2277:"About Us"
2203:2021-11-10
2178:2021-11-10
2016:2011-11-02
1832:. WRAL.com
1746:2021-11-10
1710:2021-11-10
1685:2021-11-10
1639:2021-11-10
1495:2011-10-18
1475:2011-10-18
1408:2011-10-18
1214:California
1200:2021-11-10
1176:2021-11-10
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931:References
761:Less paper
717:conserving
651:emissions.
319:geothermal
297:Toledo Zoo
201:mass media
179:green roof
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1403:"AZA.org"
1153:2151-6952
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977:cite book
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794:pragmatic
747:Recycling
552:bioswales
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422:education
416:Education
106:buzzwords
2348:Archived
2121:Archived
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548:wetlands
236:recycled
199:and the
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1265:Museum,
618:halogen
407:Mission
187:History
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