Museum - Knowledge

120: 673: 1662: 866: 328: 162: 463:

stated and approved mission; Use and interpret objects or a site for the public presentation of regularly scheduled programs and exhibits; Have a formal and appropriate program of documentation, care, and use of collections or objects; Carry out the above functions primarily at a physical facility or site; Have been open to the public for at least two years; Be open to the public at least 1,000 hours a year; Have accessioned 80 percent of its permanent collection; Have at least one paid professional staff with museum knowledge and experience; Have a full-time director to whom authority is delegated for day-to-day operations; Have the financial resources sufficient to operate effectively; Demonstrate that it meets the Core Standards for Museums; Successfully complete the Core Documents Verification Program".

1137: 988: 1000: 182: 78: 1012: 1040: 1744: 1279: 1024: 1327: 786: 849:– The board governs the museum and is responsible for ensuring the museum is financially and ethically sound. They set standards and policies for the museum. Board members are often involved in fundraising aspects of the museum and represent the institution. Some museums use the terms "directors" and "trustees" interchangeably but both are different legal instruments. A board of directors governs a nonprofit corporation, a board of trustees is responsible for governing a charitable trust, foundation, or endowment. In the case of small museums and all volunteer museums, a board may be more hands-on in the day-to-day operations of the museum. 1078:

century with its emphasis on inclusiveness. One pioneering way museums are attempting to make their collections more accessible is with open storage. Most of a museum's collection is typically locked away in a secure location to be preserved, but the result is most people never get to see the vast majority of collections. The Brooklyn Museum's Luce Center for American Art practices this open storage where the public can view items not on display, albeit with minimal interpretation. The practice of open storage is all part of an ongoing debate in the museum field of the role objects play and how accessible they should be.

364:

also developed their own natural history collections to support the education of their students. By the last quarter of the 19th century, scientific research in universities was shifting toward biological research on a cellular level, and cutting-edge research moved from museums to university laboratories. While many large museums, such as the Smithsonian Institution, are still respected as research centers, research is no longer a main purpose of most museums. While there is an ongoing debate about the purposes of interpretation of a museum's collection, there has been a consistent mission to protect and preserve

52: 721: 858: 1244: 1196:

successful, as happened in Bilbao, others continue especially if a museum struggles to attract visitors. The Taubman Museum of Art is an example of an expensive museum (eventually $ 66 million) that attained little success and continues to have a low endowment for its size. Some museum activists see this method of museum use as a deeply flawed model for such institutions. Steven Conn, one such museum proponent, believes that "to ask museums to solve our political and economic problems is to set them up for inevitable failure and to set us (the visitor) up for inevitable disappointment."

418: 577: 611:, whose collection policy of gathering as many objects and facts about them was "encyclopedic" in nature, reminiscent of that of Pliny, the Roman philosopher and naturalist. The idea was to consume and collect as much knowledge as possible, to put everything they collected and everything they knew in these displays. In time, however, museum philosophy would change and the encyclopedic nature of information that was so enjoyed by Aldrovandi and his cohorts would be dismissed as well as "the museums that contained this knowledge". The 18th-century scholars of the 822: 604:

objects and displaying them. Many of the items in these collections were new discoveries and these collectors or naturalists, since many of these people held interest in natural sciences, were eager to obtain them. By putting their collections in a museum and on display, they not only got to show their fantastic finds but also used the museum as a way to sort and "manage the empirical explosion of materials that wider dissemination of ancient texts, increased travel, voyages of discovery, and more systematic forms of communication and exchange had produced".

98: 1270: 448:'s definition: "A museum is a non-profit, permanent establishment, that does not exist primarily for the purpose of conducting temporary exhibitions and that is open to the public during regular hours and administered in the public interest for the purpose of conserving, preserving, studying, interpreting, assembling and exhibiting to the public for the instruction and enjoyment of the public, objects and specimens or educational and cultural value including artistic, scientific, historical and technological material." 441:' current definition of a museum (adopted in 2022): "A museum is a not-for-profit, permanent institution in the service of society that researches, collects, conserves, interprets and exhibits tangible and intangible heritage. Open to the public, accessible and inclusive, museums foster diversity and sustainability. They operate and communicate ethically, professionally and with the participation of communities, offering varied experiences for education, enjoyment, reflection and knowledge sharing." 1205: 140: 740:

amassing buildings" or "courtyards of treasures" or "painting pavilions" or "curio stores" or "halls of military feats" or "gardens of everything". Japan first encountered Western museum institutions when it participated in Europe's World's Fairs in the 1860s. The British Museum was described by one of their delegates as a 'hakubutsukan', a 'house of extensive things' – this would eventually become accepted as the equivalent word for 'museum' in Japan and China.

1859: 904:– Museum educators are responsible for educating museum audiences. Their duties can include designing tours and public programs for children and adults, teacher training, developing classroom and continuing education resources, community outreach, and volunteer management. Educators not only work with the public, but also collaborate with other museum staff on exhibition and program development to ensure that exhibits are audience-friendly. 1780:

maladministered manner" and that the organization will "definitely fight to the end to protect the rights of employees." Fired senior curator Maia Pataridze said the new management mentioned her social media posts criticizing the government. Among those fired was union chair, Nikoloz Tsikaridze, a senior researcher and archaeologist who associated the discharging of himself and other museum staff was for forming a union, and said that

1342:

different ways under multiple perspectives. Museums can vary based on size, from large institutions, to very small institutions focusing on specific subjects, such as a specific location, a notable person, or a given period of time. Museums also can be based on the main source of funding: central or federal government, provinces, regions, universities; towns and communities; other subsidised; nonsubsidised and private.

4587: 470:: "Museum means a public, tribal, or private nonprofit institution which is organized on a permanent basis for essentially educational, cultural heritage, or aesthetic purposes and which, using a professional staff: Owns or uses tangible objects, either animate or inanimate; Cares for these objects; and Exhibits them to the general public on a regular basis" (Museum Services Act 1976). 1070:"The new museum ... does not build on an educational superstition. It examines its community's life first, and then straightway bends its energies to supplying some the material which that community needs, and to making that material's presence widely known, and to presenting it in such a way as to secure it for the maximum of use and the maximum efficiency of that use." 749:

called "The Museum Period" or "The Museum Age"). While many American museums, both natural history museums and art museums alike, were founded with the intention of focusing on the scientific discoveries and artistic developments in North America, many moved to emulate their European counterparts in certain ways (including the development of Classical collections from ancient

1797:

negotiated would provide a wage increase, protection against termination without cause, and direct access to trustees and policy-making processes at the museum. While there was some interest from workers at other museums at the time, for the next fifty years there was little change in museums adding union representation of their professional employees.

405:, in England opened the council room to the general public to create an interactive environment for visitors. Rather than allowing visitors to handle 500-year-old objects, however, the museum created replicas, as well as replica costumes. The daily activities, historic clothing, and even temperature changes immerse the visitor in an impression of what 1154:

visited the museum in 2015, indicating it appeared to have paid off for the local government despite local backlash; key to this is the large demographic of foreign visitors to the museum, with 63% of the visitors residing outside of Spain and thus feeding foreign investment straight into Bilbao. A similar project to that undertaken in Bilbao was the

963:, terrorist attacks or other emergencies. To this end, an internationally important aspect is a strong bundling of existing resources and the networking of existing specialist competencies in order to prevent any loss or damage to cultural property or to keep damage as low as possible. International partner for museums is 898:– Registrars are the primary record keepers of the collection. They ensure that objects are properly accessioned, documented, insured, and, when appropriate, loaned. Ethical and legal issues related to the collection are dealt with by registrars. Along with collections managers, they uphold the museum's collections policy. 1475:. The size of a museum's collection typically determines the museum's size, whereas its collection reflects the type of museum it is. Many museums normally display a "permanent collection" of important selected objects in its area of specialization, and may periodically display "special collections" on a temporary basis. 1756:

The past few years has seen a unionizing movement. US museums workers have initiated dialogs about labor and collective organizing in the cultural sector. In 2019 the workers in multiple museums voted to form unions with more protesting to press for a fair contract and against unfair labor practices.

1669:

A global movement for the decolonization of museums has been gaining momentum since the late 20th century. Proponents of this movement argue that "museums are a box of things" and do not represent complete stories; instead they show biased narratives based on ideologies, in which certain stories are

1641:

Corporations are legal entities and may acquire property in a way similar to how an individual can own property. Museums under incorporation are usually organized by a community or group of individuals. While a board of director's loyalty is to the corporation, a board of trustee's loyalty has to be

1309:

observed that the reduction in objects has pushed museums to grow from institutions that artlessly showcased their many artifacts (in the style of early cabinets of curiosity) to instead "thinning out" the objects presented "for a general view of any given subject or period, and to put the rest away

1081:

In terms of modern museums, interpretive museums, as opposed to art museums, have missions reflecting curatorial guidance through the subject matter which now include content in the form of images, audio and visual effects, and interactive exhibits. Museum creation begins with a museum plan, created

739:

visitors to Europe were fascinated by the museums they saw there, but had cultural difficulties in grasping their purpose and finding an equivalent Chinese or Japanese term for them. Chinese visitors in the early 19th century named these museums based on what they contained, so defined them as "bone

603:

Public access to these museums was often possible for the "respectable", especially to private art collections, but at the whim of the owner and his staff. One way that elite men during this time period gained a higher social status in the world of elites was by becoming a collector of these curious

385:

or local history organizations. Generally speaking, museums collect objects of significance that comply with their mission statement for conservation and display. Apart from questions of provenance and conservation, museums take into consideration the former use and status of an object. Religious or

363:

In the late 19th century, museums of natural history exemplified the scientific drive for classifying life and interpreting the world. Their purpose was to gather examples from each field of knowledge for research and display. Concurrently, as American colleges expanded during the 19th century, they

347:

of the public. To city leaders, an active museum community can be seen as a gauge of the cultural or economic health of a city, and a way to increase the sophistication of its inhabitants. To museum professionals, a museum might be seen as a way to educate the public about the museum's mission, such

1341:

There is no definitive standard as to the set types of museums. Additionally, the museum landscape has become so varied, that it may not be sufficient to use traditional categories to comprehend fully the vast variety existing throughout the world. However, it may be useful to categorize museums in

1255:

staff for graphic and environmental design projects, including exhibitions. In addition to traditional 2-D and 3-D designers and architects, these staff departments may include audio-visual specialists, software designers, audience research, evaluation specialists, writers, editors, and preparators

833:

The roles associated with the management of a museum largely depend on the size of the institution. Together, the Board and the Director establish a system of governance that is guided by policies that set standards for the institution. Documents that set these standards include an institutional or

1066:

in a series of books in the early 20th century so that other museum founders could plan their museums. Dana suggested that potential founders of museums should form a committee first, and reach out to the community for input as to what the museum should supply or do for the community. According to

522:

it is not clear if the museum was in a different building from the library or was part of the library complex. While little was known about the museum it was an inspiration for museums during the early Renaissance period. The royal palaces also functioned as a kind of museum outfitted with art and

1779:

40 employees were fired May 2022 as part of a restructuring. The newly formed union, the Georgian Trade Union of Science, Education, and Culture Workers said in a statement they said the employees were fired illegally and the reorganization was "carried out by the employer in an untransparent and

1057:

The design of museums has evolved throughout history. However, museum planning involves planning the actual mission of the museum along with planning the space that the collection of the museum will be housed in. Intentional museum planning has its beginnings with the museum founder and librarian

852:

Director – The director is the face of the museum to the professional and public community. They communicate closely with the board to guide and govern the museum. They work with the staff to ensure the museum runs smoothly. According to museum professionals Hugh H. Genoways and Lynne M. Ireland,

773:

has suggested the development of more modern 19th-century museums was part of new strategies by Western governments to produce a citizenry that, rather than be directed by coercive or external forces, monitored and regulated its own conduct. To incorporate the masses in this strategy, the private

748:

American museums eventually joined European museums as the world's leading centers for the production of new knowledge in their fields of interest. A period of intense museum building, in both an intellectual and physical sense was realized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (this is often

380:

favored education over the preservation of their objects. They displayed objects as well as their functions. One exhibit featured a historical printing press that a staff member used for visitors to create museum memorabilia. Some museums seek to reach a wide audience, such as a national or state

372:

in ageing documents, artifacts, artworks, and buildings. All museums display objects that are important to a culture. As historian Steven Conn writes, "To see the thing itself, with one's own eyes and in a public place, surrounded by other people having some version of the same experience, can be

622:

opened to the public in 1759, it was a concern that large crowds could damage the artifacts. Prospective visitors to the British Museum had to apply in writing for admission, and small groups were allowed into the galleries each day. The British Museum became increasingly popular during the 19th

1796:

In 1971 administrative staff at New York's Museum of Modern Art formed the organization "Professional and Staff Association of the Museum of Modern Art" (PASTA), the first union of professional employees, as opposed to maintenance and service people, at a privately‐financed museum. The contract

1220:

Museums are facing funding shortages. Funding for museums comes from four major categories, and as of 2009 the breakdown for the United States is as follows: Government support (at all levels) 24.4%, private (charitable) giving 36.5%, earned income 27.6%, and investment income 11.5%. Government

1153:

in a move by the Basque regional government to revitalize the dilapidated old port area of that city. The Basque government agreed to pay $ 100 million for the construction of the museum, a price tag that caused many Bilbaoans to protest against the project. Nonetheless, over 1.1 million people

1077:

Questions of accessibility continue to the present day. Many museums strive to make their buildings, programming, ideas, and collections more publicly accessible than in the past. Not every museum is participating in this trend, but that seems to be the trajectory of museums in the twenty-first

462:

does not have such a definition, their list of accreditation criteria to participate in their Accreditation Program states a museum must: "Be a legally organized nonprofit institution or part of a nonprofit organization or government entity; Be essentially educational in nature; Have a formally

1615:

Private museums are organized by individuals and managed by a board and museum officers, but public museums are created and managed by federal, state, or local governments. A government can charter a museum through legislative action but the museum can still be private as it is not part of the

513:

Ancient Greeks and Romans collected and displayed art and objects but perceived museums differently from modern-day views. In the classical period, the museums were the temples and their precincts which housed collections of votive offerings. Paintings and sculptures were displayed in gardens,

1195:

Museums being used as a cultural economic driver by city and local governments has proven to be controversial among museum activists and local populations alike. Public protests have occurred in numerous cities which have tried to employ museums in this way. While most subside if a museum is

1073:

The way that museums are planned and designed vary according to what collections they house, but overall, they adhere to planning a space that is easily accessed by the public and easily displays the chosen artifacts. These elements of planning have their roots with John Cotton Dana, who was

1628:

The nonprofit museum has a fiduciary responsibility in regards to the public, in essence the museum holds its collections and administers it for the benefit of the public. Collections of for-profit museums are legally corporate assets the museum administers for the benefit of the owners or

1260:

for an exhibit, determining the most effective, engaging and appropriate methods of communicating a message or telling a story. The process will often mirror the architectural process or schedule, moving from conceptual plan, through schematic design, design development, contract document,

1624:

Nonprofit means that an organization is classified as a charitable corporation and is exempt from paying most taxes and the money the organization earns is invested in the organization itself. Money made by a private, for-profit museum is paid to the museum's owners or shareholders.

1121:

Museums are laid out in a specific way for a specific reason and each person who enters the doors of a museum will see its collection completely differently to the person behind them- this is what makes museums fascinating because they are represented differently to each individual.

1670:

intentionally disregarded. Through this, people are encouraging others to consider this missing perspective, when looking at museum collections, as every object viewed in such environments was placed by an individual to represent a certain viewpoint, be it historical or cultural.

881:– Curators are the intellectual drivers behind exhibits. They research the museum's collection and topic of focus, develop exhibition themes, and publish their research aimed at either a public or academic audience. Larger museums have curators in a variety of areas. For example, 1225:, the largest museum funder in the United States, decreased by 19.586 million between 2011 and 2015, adjusted for inflation. The average spent per visitor in an art museum in 2016 was $ 8 between admissions, store and restaurant, where the average expense per visitor was $ 55. 3684:

Felwine Sarr, Bénédicte Savoy: "Rapport sur la restitution du patrimoine culturel africain. Vers une nouvelle éthique relationnelle". Paris 2018; "The Restitution of African Cultural Heritage. Toward a New Relational Ethics" (Download French original and English version, pdf,

1839:

As well as an argument for the decolonization of museums, there is also the push by some to represent, in both exhibitions and new museums, the marginalized communities within a culture or society. One example of this is the work of archivist and diverse heritage specialist

853:"Administration of the organization requires skill in conflict management, interpersonal relations, budget management and monitoring, and staff supervision and evaluation. Managers must also set legal and ethical standards and maintain involvement in the museum profession." 1229:, which fall into the private giving category, can be a good source of funding to make up the funding gap. The amount corporations currently give to museums accounts for just 5% of total funding. Corporate giving to the arts, however, was set to increase by 3.3% in 2017. 805:(NAGPRA), which required federal agencies and federally funded institutions to repatriate Native American "cultural items" to culturally affiliate tribes and groups. Similarly, many European museum collections often contain objects and cultural artifacts acquired through 975:

Blue Shield has conducted extensive missions to protect museums and cultural assets in armed conflict, such as 2011 in Egypt and Libya, 2013 in Syria and 2014 in Mali and Iraq. During these operations, the looting of the collection is to be prevented in particular.

1792:

In the United States, labor unrest within the arts and cultural sector go back at least nearly a century to 1933 when a New York-based collective of artists eventually known as the Artist's Union used collective bargaining for state relief for unemployed artists.

1144:

In recent years, some cities have turned to museums as an avenue for economic development or rejuvenation. This is particularly true in the case of postindustrial cities. Examples of museums fulfilling these economic roles exist around the world. For example, the

1176:'s maiden voyage in 2012. Initially expecting modest visitor numbers of 425,000 annually, first year visitor numbers reached over 800,000, with almost 60% coming from outside Northern Ireland. In the United States, similar projects include the 81,000 square foot 1637:

A trust is a legal instrument where trustees manage the trust's assets for the benefit of the museum following the specific wishes of the donor. This provides tax benefits for the donor, and also allows the donor to have control over how assets are distributed.

1661: 987: 712:

conquered the great cities of Europe, confiscating art objects as he went, the collections grew and the organizational task became more and more complicated. After Napoleon was defeated in 1815, many of the treasures he had amassed were gradually

433:

Major professional organizations from around the world offer some definitions as to what constitutes a museum, and their purpose. Common themes in all the definitions are public good and the care, preservation, and interpretation of collections.

971:

in accordance with the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property from 1954 and its 2nd Protocol from 1999. For legal reasons, there are many international collaborations between museums, and the local Blue Shield organizations.

873:

Various positions within the museum carry out the policies established by the Board and the Director. All museum employees should work together toward the museum's institutional goal. Here is a list of positions commonly found at museums:

885:

has a Curator of Transportation, a Curator of Public Life, a Curator of Decorative Arts, etc. Many art museums have curators dedicated to specific historical periods and geographic regions, such as American art and modern or contemporary

119: 1304:

museums now, as they have been progressively replaced by interactive technology. As educational programming has grown in museums, mass collections of objects have receded in importance. This is not necessarily a negative development;

774:

space of museums that previously had been restricted and socially exclusive were made public. As such, objects and artifacts, particularly those related to high culture, became instruments for these "new tasks of social management".

455:'s definition: "Museums enable people to explore collections for inspiration, learning and enjoyment. They are institutions that collect, safeguard and make accessible artifacts and specimens, which they hold in trust for society." 999: 3941: 1726:

sculptures, which were taken from Greece by Lord Elgin in 1805. Successive Greek governments have unsuccessfully petitioned for the return of the Parthenon marbles. Another example among many others is the so-called

514:

forums, theaters, and bathhouses. In the ancient past there was little differentiation between libraries and museums with both occupying the building and were frequently connected to a temple or royal palace. The

4553: 1310:

in archive-storage-rooms, where they could be consulted by students, the only people who really needed to see them". This phenomenon of disappearing objects is especially present in science museums like the

1086:

process. The process involves identifying the museum's vision and the resources, organization and experiences needed to realize this vision. A feasibility study, analysis of comparable facilities, and an

4005: 3776: 2199: 5297: 3383:

Barbieri, Loris; Fuoco, Fabrizio; Bruno, Fabio; Muzzupappa, Maurizio (2022). "Exhibit supports for sandstone artifacts designed through topology optimization and additive manufacturing techniques".

1373:

Professor Eric Kilgerman, "While a museum in which a particular narrative unfolds within its halls is diachronic, those museums that limit their space to a single experience are called synchronic."

2260: 1380:, author Elaine Heumann Gurian proposes that there are five categories of museums based on intention and not content: object centered, narrative, client centered, community centered, and national. 3974: 1300:

Some museum scholars have even begun to question whether museums truly need artifacts at all. Historian Steven Conn provocatively asks this question, suggesting that there are fewer objects in

2283: 2494: 615:

saw their ideas of the museum as superior and based their natural history museums on "organization and taxonomy" rather than displaying everything in any order after the style of Aldrovandi.

3801: 1023: 3200: 892:– Collections managers are primarily responsible for the hands-on care, movement, and storage of objects. They are responsible for the accessibility of collections and collections policy. 797:

The late twentieth century witnessed intense debate concerning the repatriation of religious, ethnic, and cultural artifacts housed in museum collections. In the United States, several

3663: 5755: 4624: 672: 3725: 3361: 916:– Conservators focus on object restoration. More than preserving the object in its present state, they seek to stabilize and repair artifacts to the condition of an earlier era. 261:

and the preservation of rare items. Museums originated as private collections of interesting items, and not until much later did the emphasis on educating the public take root.

692:, which enabled for the first time free access to the former French royal collections for people of all stations and status. The fabulous art treasures collected by the French 5746: 5292: 3931: 523:

objects from conquered territories and gifts from ambassadors from other kingdoms allowing the ruler to display the amassed collections to guests and to visiting dignitaries.

4096: 3006: 910:– Exhibit designers are in charge of the layout and physical installation of exhibits. They create a conceptual design and then bring it to fruition in the physical space. 5210: 4734: 4660: 4036: 3317: 1011: 708:(National Museum of Arts's Conservatory) was charged with organizing the Louvre as a national public museum and the centerpiece of a planned national museum system. As 397:

Although most museums do not allow physical contact with the associated artifacts, there are some that are interactive and encourage a more hands-on approach. In 2009,

4221: 214:

culturally or scientifically significant objects. Many museums have exhibitions of these objects on public display, and some have private collections that are used by

5266: 4739: 1811:

Increasingly museums have responded to the ongoing climate crisis through enacting sustainable museum practices, and exhibitions highlighting the issues surrounding

4560: 2642: 943:

At smaller museums, staff members often fulfill multiple roles. Some of these positions are excluded entirely or may be carried out by a contractor when necessary.

717:(and many were not). His plan was never fully realized, but his concept of a museum as an agent of nationalistic fervor had a profound influence throughout Europe. 654:

ever seen in Europe; but by 1755 the stuffed dodo was so moth-eaten that it was destroyed, except for its head and one claw. The museum opened on 24 May 1683, with

5125: 2835: 3442: 1074:

perturbed at the historical placement of museums outside of cities, and in areas that were not easily accessed by the public, in gloomy European style buildings.

5352: 5362: 5251: 3997: 1675: 1256:

or art handlers. These staff specialists may also be charged with supervising contract design or production services. The exhibit design process builds on the

936:, volunteer coordinator, preparator, security staff, development officer, membership officer, business officer, gift shop manager, public relations staff, and 802: 782:. Nevertheless, museums to this day contribute new knowledge to their fields and continue to build collections that are useful for both research and display. 5287: 3831: 2392: 2191: 5502: 5312: 5226: 3104: 1318:, which have a high visitorship of school-aged children who may benefit more from hands-on interactive technology than reading a label beside an artifact. 801:

tribes and advocacy groups have lobbied extensively for the repatriation of sacred objects and the reburial of human remains. In 1990, Congress passed the

2252: 343:

The purpose of modern museums is to collect, preserve, interpret, and display objects of artistic, cultural, or scientific significance for the study and

5467: 5447: 5397: 3964: 650:. The collection included antique coins, books, engravings, geological specimens, and zoological specimens—one of which was the stuffed body of the last 1710:. Several demands have been made by Easter Island residents for the return of the Moai. The figures are seen as ancestors and family or the soul by the 3908: 5778: 5763: 5327: 4914: 4729: 2292: 865: 3197: 2485: 5801: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5497: 5357: 5246: 5241: 3809: 2514: 813:. Some historians and scholars have criticized the British Museum for its possession of rare antiquities from Egypt, Greece, and the Middle East. 5796: 5768: 5452: 5437: 5422: 5417: 5382: 5302: 4653: 3277: 3241: 2887: 2535:

Swann, Marjorie (2001), Curiosities and Texts: The Culture of Collecting in Early Modern England, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press

2139: 5732: 5472: 5256: 4889: 1110:, being notable examples where there are few artifacts, but strong, memorable stories are told or information is interpreted. In contrast, the 592:

Early museums began as the private collections of wealthy individuals, families or institutions of art and rare or curious natural objects and

5482: 5477: 5462: 5457: 5407: 5367: 5347: 5337: 4066: 3655: 1679:

is a prominent example regarding the decolonization of museums and other collections in France and the claims of African countries to regain

3336: 376:

Museum purposes vary from institution to institution. Some favor education over conservation, or vice versa. For example, in the 1970s, the

5402: 1094:

Some museum experiences have very few or no artifacts and do not necessarily call themselves museums, and their mission reflects this; the

3866: 2035: 993:

Archive Processing rooms provide a space for archivists to arrange and describe archival materials to make them accessible to researchers.

5783: 5512: 5507: 5442: 5387: 5377: 5332: 4554:"The Museum and Museum Specialists: Problems of Professional Education, Proceedings of the International Conference, 14–15 November 2014" 3543: 618:

The first "public" museums were often accessible only for the middle and upper classes. It could be difficult to gain entrance. When the

327: 1757:

During that year over 3,000 cultural workers anonymously started to share their salaries online through a pay transparency spreadsheet.

5773: 4646: 1891: 510:. Notably, a clay drum label—written in three languages—was found at the site, referencing the history and discovery of a museum item. 3709: 3353: 5487: 5432: 5412: 4844: 2597:

A cross-cultural perspective on musealization: the museum's reception by China and Japan in the second half of the nineteenth century

2442:

A cross-cultural perspective on musealization: the museum's reception by China and Japan in the second half of the nineteenth century

161: 5492: 5342: 5317: 5282: 4744: 3175: 2761: 2554: 1311: 662: 467: 4088: 2703: 2009: 5427: 5372: 5231: 3293: 2998: 2096: 1111: 5392: 5307: 1912: 4028: 2169: 1261:

fabrication, and installation. Museums of all sizes may also contract the outside services of exhibit fabrication businesses.

5737: 4543: 4524: 4507: 4480: 4462: 4424: 4386: 4340: 4242: 3638: 3613: 3588: 3042: 2807: 2368: 798: 571: 5322: 2229: 377: 104: 1136: 3304: 2638: 638:

to be open to the public and is considered by some to be the first modern public museum. The collection included that of

2916: 2824: 4929: 3419: 1699: 530:(r. 285–246 BCE), was the first zoological park. At first used by Philadelphus in an attempt to domesticate 211: 60: 28: 1483:

The following is a list to give an idea of the major museum types. While comprehensive, it is not a definitive list.

466:

Additionally, there is a legal definition of museum in United States legislation authorizing the establishment of the

4443: 4405: 4367: 2622: 3859:"Museum Workers Across the Country Are Unionizing. Here's What's Driving a Movement That's Been Years in the Making" 2570: 1831:

has increased in society, museums have needed to respond to these changes in the facilities that they offer online.

5659: 4949: 1907: 1707: 714: 438: 3835: 2384: 623:

century, amongst all age groups and social classes who visited the British Museum, especially on public holidays.

534:

for use in war, the elephants were also used for show along with a menagerie of other animals specimens including

4894: 4794: 4126: 3264: 3228: 1350: 1222: 181: 3093: 642:

which he had collected himself, including objects he had acquired from the gardeners, travellers and collectors

5832: 4834: 4607: 3689: 1642:

loyal to the intention of the trust. The ramification is that a trust is far less flexible than a corporation.

1209: 1039: 4322:

National Museums and Nation-Building in Europe 1750–2010 : Mobilization and Legitimacy, Continuity and Change.

4184: 1616:

government. The distinction regulates the ownership and legal accountability for the care of the collections.

838:(AAM) has also formulated a series of standards and best practices that help guide the management of museums. 77: 5175: 5105: 5062: 4814: 4774: 2065:

Steven Conn, "Museums and American Intellectual Life, 1876–1926", 1998, The University of Chicago Press, 262.

1952: 3656:"The battle at the British Museum for a 'stolen' shield that could tell the story of Captain Cook's landing" 3512:

Ginsburgh, Victor; Mairesse, François (1997). "Defining a Museum: Suggestions for an Alternative Approach".

2056:

Steven Conn, "Museums and American Intellectual Life, 1876–1926", 1998, The University of Chicago Press, 65.

1743: 5537: 5110: 4884: 4799: 4784: 3892: 1844:

in Nottingham, England. Gregory has set up the Black Miner's Museum and has curated an exhibition entitled

1354: 1103: 1005:

Museum textile storage includes rolled storage racks, hanging wardrobe and garments shelving, and cabinets.

889: 835: 459: 445: 243: 5842: 5190: 1902: 1732: 1656: 647: 600:. These contemporary museums first emerged in western Europe, then spread into other parts of the world. 484: 250: 4029:"State-Run Museums in Georgia Abruptly Fired 40 Employees, Allegedly in Retribution for Forming a Union" 2510: 368:

for future generations. Much care, expertise, and expense is invested in preservation efforts to retard

5654: 4924: 4328: 1383:

Museums can also be categorized into major groups by the type of collections they display, to include:

1278: 1131: 770: 701: 349: 3257: 3217: 2875: 5694: 4809: 4804: 2757:

American Association of Museums, "The Accreditation Commission's Expectations Regarding Governance."

2131: 1876: 1213: 968: 643: 1326: 4959: 4591: 1896: 1728: 1146: 785: 356:. Museums are, above all, storehouses of knowledge. In 1829, James Smithson's bequest funding the 4292: 4058: 2117:

Lipschomb, Suzannah, "Historical Authenticity and Interpretive Strategy at Hampton Court Palace",

720: 5699: 5684: 5130: 5022: 4824: 4764: 4689: 3129:

Smyth, Jamie (16 June 2013). "Northern Ireland Focus: Titanic Success Raises Hopes For Tourism".

2882: 2545: 1361:

museums which interpret the way its subject matter existed at a certain point in time (e.g., the

1349:

museums which interpret the way its subject matter has developed and evolved through time (e.g.,

1306: 778:

became the primary centers for innovative research in the United States well before the start of

527: 391: 360:

stated that he wanted to establish an institution "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge".

357: 332: 231: 126: 51: 21: 3333: 3035:

The whole Picture: the colonial story of the art in our museums and why we need to talk about it

920:

Other positions commonly found at museums include: building operator, public programming staff,

5791: 5195: 5052: 5017: 4769: 4699: 3858: 1680: 597: 593: 4638: 3540: 2825:"The Quest for Excellence: Small museums really do have the resources to pursue accreditation" 2031: 1243: 5714: 5679: 5185: 5047: 4934: 4819: 4673: 1772:. The Marciano Foundation released a statement a month later that the closure was permanent. 1543: 1498: 1370: 1366: 1257: 1177: 1166:, incidentally for the same price as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and by the same architect, 1088: 1052: 519: 496: 402: 382: 3932:"Marciano Art Foundation announces it won't reopen in wake of layoffs following union drive" 2548: 2253:"The story behind the world's oldest museum, built by a Babylonian princess 2,500 years ago" 857: 5155: 5100: 5012: 4839: 3343:

Grantmakers in the Arts, GIA Reader, vol. 26, no. 3, Fall 2015.. Accessed 26 February 2017.

1523: 1428: 1095: 913: 790: 635: 612: 417: 398: 2988:

Dana, John Cotton. The Gloom of the Museum. (Woodstock, VT: The Elm Tree Press, 1917), 12.

1029:

In museums, paintings, framed and unframed, are normally hung on sliding or fixed racking.

8: 5806: 5669: 5569: 5150: 5067: 5042: 5032: 4939: 4864: 4754: 4724: 4694: 1533: 1518: 1493: 1488: 1460: 907: 452: 3161: 2758: 1973:

Findlen, Paula (1989). "The Museum: its classical etymology and renaissance genealogy".

303:

of the arts), and hence was a building set apart for study and the arts, especially the

5837: 5664: 5007: 4904: 4899: 4759: 4248: 4189: 4165: 3768: 3400: 3146: 3078: 2699: 2681: 2489: 2423: 2338: 2001: 1691: 895: 846: 242:, and many attract large numbers of visitors from outside their host country, with the 239: 97: 3525: 2664:

Gulliford, Andrew (1992). "Curation and Repatriation of Sacred and Tribal Artifacts".

2088: 518:

is believed to be one of the earliest museums in the world. While it connected to the

5649: 5165: 4849: 4789: 4779: 4669: 4539: 4520: 4503: 4495: 4476: 4458: 4439: 4420: 4401: 4382: 4363: 4346: 4336: 4252: 4238: 4119:"Union vows to fight "unlawful mass dismissal" of Georgian National Museum employees" 4059:"Georgia Museums Respond to Unionization Push by Brazenly Firing Dozens of Employees" 3969: 3965:"What's next for nonprofit museums after the closing of the Marciano Art Foundation?" 3936: 3900: 3772: 3748: 3717: 3634: 3609: 3584: 3404: 3038: 2803: 2618: 2364: 2291:. Al-Azhar Engineering Thirteenth International Conference. p. 2. Archived from 1886: 1776: 1508: 1334: 1181: 952: 821: 689: 608: 531: 365: 188: 4398:

Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy

576: 5827: 5644: 5554: 5236: 4874: 4230: 4157: 3998:"MOCA will voluntarily recognize new employee union; Marciano closure is permanent" 3760: 3521: 3434: 3392: 2738: 2673: 2330: 2161: 1982: 1927: 1917: 1761: 1528: 1456: 1436: 1416: 1362: 1163: 1115: 1059: 956: 937: 666: 627: 581: 353: 5709: 3764: 3710:"'Moai are family': Easter Island people to head to London to request statue back" 3438: 3144:

Wallis, David (20 March 2014). "Start-Up Success Isn't Enough to Found a Museum".

2334: 834:

strategic plan, institutional code of ethics, bylaws, and collections policy. The

5704: 5614: 5589: 5579: 5574: 5170: 5085: 5057: 4829: 4619: 4226: 3693: 3547: 3396: 3340: 3321: 3281: 3245: 3204: 2891: 2765: 2558: 2498: 1947: 1881: 1828: 1781: 1711: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1563: 1432: 1155: 1083: 1048: 766: 736: 655: 316: 300: 254: 227: 146: 84: 3606:

Foundations of Museum Studies: Evolving Systems of Knowledge Illustrated Edition

2979:

Dana, John Cotton. The New Museum (Woodstock, VT: The Elm Tree Press, 1917), 32.

2970:

Dana, John Cotton. The New Museum (Woodstock, VT: The Elm Tree Press, 1917), 25.

2800:

Foundations of Museum Studies: Evolving Systems of Knowledge Illustrated Edition

2221: 1358: 1346: 238:. Public museums that host exhibitions and interactive demonstrations are often 5689: 5674: 5609: 5559: 5180: 5095: 4869: 4714: 4216: 4212: 1932: 1863: 1812: 1715: 1598: 1593: 1568: 1269: 1252: 1238: 933: 882: 754: 732: 725: 619: 422: 4234: 5821: 5619: 5549: 5115: 4969: 4879: 4614: 3904: 3721: 2924: 1841: 1765: 1723: 1695: 1553: 1548: 1513: 1452: 1443:. Within these categories, many museums specialize further, e.g., museums of 1063: 750: 639: 631: 369: 286: 168: 130: 4350: 3749:"A Case of Identity: The Artefacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter" 2743: 2726: 5629: 5584: 5160: 5120: 4485: 4089:"Georgian culture minister accused of purging critics from National Museum" 3076:

Riding, Alan (24 June 1997). "A Gleaming New Guggenheim for Grimy Bilbao".

1937: 1816: 1806: 1558: 1400: 1388: 1204: 1107: 921: 810: 779: 762: 406: 235: 5564: 5200: 5145: 5090: 5037: 4997: 4854: 4704: 2574: 1986: 1942: 1714:

and hold deep cultural value to their people. Other examples include the

1538: 1468: 1396: 1330: 1226: 1189: 1167: 1099: 806: 758: 658: 507: 426: 223: 139: 5624: 5604: 5135: 5002: 4992: 4944: 4749: 4629: 2685: 2427: 2342: 1871: 1719: 1503: 1444: 1424: 775: 559: 555: 535: 312: 308: 4559:. St. Petersburg: The State Hermitage Publishers. 2015. Archived from 4169: 4118: 3207:

Embassy of the United States of America, 2012. Accessed 26 March 2017.

2002:"Ptolemy I Soter, The First King of Ancient Egypt's Ptolemaic Dynasty" 5634: 4987: 2700:"The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)" 1464: 1408: 1404: 1185: 929: 925: 488: 386:

holy objects, for instance, are handled according to cultural rules.

344: 3686: 2677: 2318: 1858: 1760:

The Marciano Art Foundation, a museum established by co-founders of

192: 5639: 5599: 5594: 5140: 4964: 4161: 3166: 1769: 1448: 1384: 826: 709: 693: 661:

as the first keeper. The first building, which became known as the

258: 218:

and specialists. Museums host a much wider range of objects than a

215: 66: 861:

A curator and exhibit designer dressing a mannequin for an exhibit

150: 5027: 4709: 3541:

Sites of the Uncanny: Paul Celan, Specularity and the Visual Arts

2727:"The British Museum: An Imperial Museum in a Post-Imperial World" 1922: 1472: 1420: 1412: 1315: 1172: 1159: 901: 878: 842: 551: 547: 539: 515: 387: 304: 291: 219: 172: 1768:

closed indefinitely in November 2019 after workers attempted to

1337:, which could be considered both a history and technology museum 1067:

Dana, museums should be planned according to community's needs:

4909: 4668: 4633: 4586: 4436:

Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America

4266: 3893:"U.S. Museums See Rise in Unions Even as Labor Movement Slumps" 2361:

Museum Origins: Readings in early museum history and philosophy

1703: 1150: 964: 681: 585: 336: 108: 3501:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 265. 3420:"Keeping your audience: Presenting a visitor engagement scale" 3354:"Sponsorship Spending on the Arts to Grow 3.3 Percent in 2017" 2862:

From Knowledge to Narrative: Educators and the Changing Museum

2363:. Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press. pp. 13–15. 696:

over centuries were accessible to the public three days each "

27:"Historical museum" redirects here. For specific museums, see 4954: 4859: 3471:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 26. 3065:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 17. 2864:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 2. 1392: 1017:

Collections storage for three-dimensional historic artifacts.

685: 543: 274: 88: 4473:

Open air museums: The history and future of a visionary idea

3631:

A Legal Primer on Managing Museum Collections, Third Edition

3581:

A Legal Primer on Managing Museum Collections, Third Edition

3382: 596:. These were often displayed in so-called "wonder rooms" or 4735:

Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property

4719: 4148:

Monroe, Gerald M. (1972). "The Artists Union of New York".

3162:"Brazil museum fire: Funding cuts blamed as icon is gutted" 2999:"Turning Museums Inside-Out with Beautiful Visible Storage" 2076:

CSTM: A History of the Canada Science and Technology Museum

1735:, which is a source of dispute between Austria and Mexico. 1687: 651: 630:, however, founded in 1677 from the personal collection of 492: 381:

museum, while others have specific audiences, like the LDS

296: 4222:

Museums and Digital Culture: New Perspectives and Research

2904:

Museum Law: A Guide for Officers, Directors, and Counsel.

1091:

are all developed as part of the museum planning process.

4740:

Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property

3418:

Taheri, Babak; Jafari, Aliakbar; O'Gorman, Kevin (2014).

3171: 2917:"ICOM and the International Committee of the Blue Shield" 1440: 960: 5126:

Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment

3417: 1698:

and put in display in major Western museums such as the

789:

An exhibition of the remains of Native Americans at the

5774:

Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

4517:

Contemporary Museums – Architecture History Collections

2775: 2773: 1784:, the Georgia Minister of Culture had "punished" them. 1683:

illegally taken from their original cultural settings.

246:

in the world attracting millions of visitors annually.

4602: 4597: 4475:. Stockholm and Östersund: Carlssons Förlag / Jamtli. 1686:

Since 1868, several monolithic human figures known as

1676:

report on the restitution of African cultural heritage

825:

An honours board listing the directors of a museum in

803:

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

700:" (the 10-day unit which had replaced the week in the 1718:, thought to be a very significant shield taken from 955:

stored in museums is threatened in many countries by

222:, and usually focus on a specific theme, such as the 4455:

The Museum: A Short History of Crisis and Resilience

4379:

Museums Matter: In Praise of the Encyclopedic Museum

3832:"Mexico and Austria in dispute over Aztec headdress" 3258:"National Endowment for the Arts 2015 Annual Report" 3218:"National Endowment for the Arts 2011 Annual Report" 2770: 1800: 1247:

Paintings arranged in groupings in the "salon style"

1118:

uses many artifacts in their memorable exhibitions.

295:), which denotes a place or temple dedicated to the 3198:"How Are Museums Supported Nationally in the U.S.?" 2955:

Welterbe-Stätten zerbombt, Kulturschätze verhökert.

2354: 2352: 4333:The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics 1747:Workers rallying at the Philadelphia Museum of Art 1345:It may sometimes be useful to distinguish between 5779:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty 4915:Mold control and prevention (library and archive) 4730:Conservation and restoration of cultural property 4360:Museums and American Intellectual Life, 1876–1926 3511: 2162:"About Museums – Association of Manitoba Museums" 1632: 1287:Left: "Cabinet of curiosities" style of exhibit, 210:is an institution dedicated to displaying and/or 5819: 5802:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies 5792:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence 5756:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's 2617:. New York: Routledge Press. pp. 6, 8, 24. 2359:Genoways, Hugh; Andrei, Mary Anne, eds. (2008). 2349: 2281: 1738: 5797:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative 5769:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin 3834:. prehist.org. 22 November 2012. Archived from 3628: 3578: 3563:The Collected Writings of Elaine Heumann Gurian 3481: 2285:The Historical Evolution of Museum Architecture 869:Restoration of a gilded mirror by a conservator 5733:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum 4890:Integrated pest management (cultural property) 3660:ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) 3604:Latham, Kiersten F.; Simmons, John E. (2014). 3574: 3572: 3560: 2798:Latham, Kiersten F.; Simmons, John E. (2014). 2793: 2791: 2789: 2358: 2282:Manssour, Y. M.; El-Daly, H. M.; Morsi, N. K. 4654: 4324:Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2015. 4211: 3603: 2797: 394:may not be discarded, but need to be buried. 58: 4400:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 4381:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 4362:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 3629:Malaro, Marie C.; DeAngelis, Ildiko (2012). 3579:Malaro, Marie C.; DeAngelis, Ildiko (2012). 1619: 1294:. Right: Contemporary history exhibit, 2016. 1062:. Dana detailed the process of founding the 607:One of these naturalists and collectors was 331:Visitors examining fossils displayed at the 16:Institution that holds items of significance 4494: 4290: 3569: 3334:"Public Funding for the Arts: 2015 Update." 2786: 2550:A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3 979: 680:In France, the first public museum was the 5298:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera 4661: 4647: 4320:Aronsson, Peter., and Gabriella Elgenius. 1892:Computer Interchange of Museum Information 1834: 4845:Disaster preparedness (cultural property) 4533: 4438:. New York: Sterling Publishing Company. 3360:. ESP Properties, LLC. 13 February 2017. 2823:Pierce, Dennis (November–December 2018). 2742: 2663: 2544:H. E. Salter and Mary D. Lobel (editors) 2316: 2222:"2 CFR § 3187.3 – Definition of a museum" 706:Conservatoire du muséum national des Arts 4745:Conservation science (cultural property) 4623:) is being considered for deletion. See 3996:Miranda, Carolina A. (7 December 2019). 3963:Miranda, Carolina A. (8 November 2019). 3930:Miranda, Carolina A. (6 November 2019). 3886: 3884: 3707: 2943:Apollo – The International Art Magazine. 2486:"Admission Ticket to the British Museum" 2414:Hubbell, H. M. (1935). "Ptolemy's Zoo". 1742: 1660: 1325: 1242: 1216:that destroyed over 90% of its contents 1203: 1135: 1038: 864: 856: 820: 784: 719: 671: 575: 468:Institute of Museum and Library Services 416: 326: 4457:. New York: New York University Press. 4433: 4414: 4395: 4327: 3995: 3962: 3929: 3678: 3653: 3565:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 48–56. 3486:. New York: Harcourt. pp. 250–251. 3032: 2859: 2779:Hugh H. Genoways and Lynne M. Ireland, 2612: 2413: 2250: 2132:"ICOM approves a new museum definition" 1972: 1251:Most mid-size and large museums employ 1208:Officials blamed a lack of funding for 1170:, in time for the 100th anniversary of 1140:Construction of Titanic Belfast in 2010 1112:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 506:, and contained artifacts from earlier 5820: 4452: 4182: 4147: 3857:Wagley, Catherine (25 November 2019). 3856: 3746: 3561:Heumann Gurian, Elaine (17 May 2006). 3143: 3094:"Guggenheim Bilbao Annual Report 2015" 3075: 2834:. American Alliance of Museum: 16–26. 2822: 2781:Museum Administration: An Introduction 2724: 2385:"Museums in the Ancient Mediterranean" 2319:"Museums and Raree Shows in Antiquity" 1913:List of most-visited museums by region 4642: 4026: 3890: 3881: 3796: 3794: 3779:from the original on 25 February 2022 3728:from the original on 22 December 2020 3703: 3701: 3448:from the original on 11 November 2021 3128: 3056: 3054: 3028: 3026: 3024: 2841:from the original on 12 December 2021 2232:from the original on 12 December 2021 2202:from the original on 12 December 2021 2172:from the original on 12 December 2021 2099:from the original on 13 December 2022 1975:Journal of the History of Collections 1645: 1610: 572:List of museums from the 18th century 4538:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. 4376: 4357: 3802:"How the Parthenon Lost Its Marbles" 3496: 3466: 3110:from the original on 27 January 2016 3060: 3009:from the original on 1 February 2016 2395:from the original on 5 November 2021 2038:from the original on 20 October 2017 1846:The Digging Deep Project Exhibition. 1232: 728:, the first Chinese-sponsored museum 526:Also in Alexandria from the time of 378:Canada Science and Technology Museum 257:, museums have been associated with 105:Canada Science and Technology Museum 4293:"Digging deeper with Norma Gregory" 4183:Glueck, Grace (26 September 1971). 3891:Small, Zachary (21 February 2022). 3708:Bartlett, John (16 November 2018). 3633:. Smithsonian Books. pp. 6–9. 3608:. Libraries Unlimited. p. 11. 3305:Association of Art Museum Directors 3178:from the original on 22 August 2022 2573:. History of Louvre. Archived from 2142:from the original on 25 August 2022 2012:from the original on 4 October 2019 483:One of the oldest museums known is 13: 4930:Preservation (library and archive) 4536:A Practical Guide to Museum Ethics 4314: 3824: 3791: 3698: 3666:from the original on 6 August 2020 3364:from the original on 15 March 2018 3051: 3021: 2802:. Libraries Unlimited. p. 9. 2706:from the original on 21 April 2016 2517:from the original on 12 April 2012 2503: 2121:32, no.3, August 2010, pp. 98–119. 1822: 1700:National Museum of Natural History 1605: 769:'s concept of liberal government, 61:Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino 29:Historical Museum (disambiguation) 14: 5854: 4627:to help reach a consensus. › 4579: 4099:from the original on 24 June 2022 4069:from the original on 10 July 2022 4039:from the original on 15 June 2022 3687:http://restitutionreport2018.com/ 3514:Museum Management and Curatorship 3482:Canfield Fisher, Dorothy (1927). 2645:from the original on 23 June 2022 2263:from the original on 1 April 2018 2251:Wilkens, Alasdair (25 May 2011). 2226:LII / Legal Information Institute 1801:Sustainability and climate change 1665:Moai figure at the British Museum 1650: 1125: 5784:Conservation-restoration of the 5660:Indigenous intellectual property 4598:International Council of Museums 4585: 4225:. Series on Cultural Computing. 4129:from the original on 9 June 2022 4008:from the original on 26 May 2022 3977:from the original on 26 May 2022 3944:from the original on 26 May 2022 3911:from the original on 1 June 2022 3869:from the original on 26 May 2022 3654:Brennan, Bridget (10 May 2019). 3583:. Smithsonian Books. p. 8. 2953:12 May 2014; Fabian von Posser: 2136:International Council of Museums 1999: 1908:List of most visited art museums 1857: 1708:Royal Museums of Art and History 1277: 1268: 1158:, built on disused shipyards in 1022: 1010: 998: 986: 439:International Council of Museums 180: 160: 138: 118: 96: 76: 50: 4895:Inventory (library and archive) 4795:Cultural property documentation 4502:(in German). Potsdam: Ullmann. 4291:TOCaribNews (4 November 2019). 4284: 4259: 4205: 4176: 4141: 4111: 4081: 4051: 4020: 3989: 3956: 3923: 3850: 3808:. 28 March 2017. Archived from 3740: 3647: 3622: 3597: 3554: 3532: 3505: 3490: 3475: 3460: 3411: 3376: 3346: 3326: 3286: 3265:National Endowment for the Arts 3250: 3229:National Endowment for the Arts 3210: 3190: 3154: 3137: 3122: 3086: 3069: 2991: 2982: 2973: 2964: 2931: 2909: 2896: 2868: 2853: 2816: 2751: 2718: 2692: 2657: 2631: 2606: 2589: 2563: 2538: 2529: 2511:"History of the British Museum" 2478: 2469: 2460: 2451: 2434: 2407: 2377: 2310: 2275: 2244: 2214: 2184: 2154: 1351:Lower East Side Tenement Museum 1223:National Endowment for the Arts 5293:Bone, horn, and antler objects 4835:Digital photograph restoration 3499:Do Museums Still Need Objects? 3469:Do Museums Still Need Objects? 3332:Stubbs, Ryan and Henry Clapp. 3063:Do Museums Still Need Objects? 2945:2 February 2015; Mehroz Baig: 2902:Cf., e.g., Marilyn E. Phelan: 2783:, (Lanham: AltaMira, 2003), 3. 2317:van Buren, E. Douglas (1922). 2124: 2111: 2081: 2068: 2059: 2050: 2024: 1993: 1966: 1633:Run by trusts vs. corporations 1478: 1312:Museum of Science and Industry 412: 1: 5478:South Asian household shrines 5176:Reconstruction (architecture) 5106:Cultural property radiography 5063:Registrar (cultural property) 4815:Cultural resources management 4775:Collections management system 4612: 4514:– also available in English: 4193:. pp. Section D, Page 24 4027:Dafoe, Taylor (2 June 2022). 3765:10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862 3753:Australian Historical Studies 3526:10.1016/S0260-4779(97)00003-4 3439:10.1016/j.tourman.2013.12.011 2335:10.1080/0015587X.1922.9720240 1959: 1953:Virtual Library museums pages 1739:Labor issues and unionization 1288: 946: 816: 665:, is sometimes attributed to 500: 285:). It is originally from the 5747:Conservation-restoration of 5738:Conservation-restoration of 5111:Detachment of wall paintings 4885:Intangible cultural heritage 4800:Cultural property exhibition 4785:Cultural heritage management 4434:Murtagh, William J. (2005). 4267:"Home – Black Miners Museum" 4185:"MOMA Gets a Taste of PASTA" 3397:10.1016/j.culher.2022.04.008 3385:Journal of Cultural Heritage 3294:"Art Museums by the Numbers" 2641:. Encyclopedica Britannica. 2196:American Alliance of Museums 2093:Jewish Museum of Switzerland 1355:Diachronic Museum of Larissa 1104:National Constitution Center 836:American Alliance of Museums 688:, opened in 1793 during the 460:American Alliance of Museums 446:Canadian Museums Association 264: 7: 5191:Transfer of panel paintings 4415:Marotta, Antonello (2010). 4297:Toronto Caribbean Newspaper 2947:When War Destroys Identity. 2034:. Smithsonian Institution. 1903:List of largest art museums 1850: 1733:Museum of Ethnology, Vienna 1657:Decolonisation of knowledge 1034: 421:A guided tour group at the 249:Since the establishment of 10: 5859: 5655:Heritage language learning 4925:Optical media preservation 4519:. Braun Publishing. 2010. 2389:World History Encyclopedia 1804: 1702:, the British Museum, the 1654: 1236: 1199: 1132:Economic theory of museums 1129: 1046: 702:French Republican Calendar 569: 508:Mesopotamian civilizations 478: 473: 322: 299:(the patron divinities in 18: 5723: 5695:Oral history preservation 5536: 5265: 5209: 5076: 4978: 4810:Cultural property storage 4805:Cultural property imaging 4680: 4608:VLmp directory of museums 4534:Yerkovich, Sally (2016). 4488:The Participatory Museum. 4235:10.1007/978-3-319-97457-6 3787:– via ResearchGate. 3747:Thomas, Nicholas (2018). 2876:"Museum Job Descriptions" 2860:Roberts, Lisa C. (1997). 2702:. National Park Service. 1877:Category:Types of museums 1620:Non-profit vs. for-profit 1214:National Museum of Brazil 969:Blue Shield International 743: 644:John Tradescant the elder 390:objects that contain the 251:the earliest known museum 44: 39: 5742:by Elías García Martínez 4960:Sustainable preservation 4625:templates for discussion 3339:26 November 2018 at the 3320:19 December 2018 at the 2764:19 November 2011 at the 2032:"James Smithson Society" 1897:International Museum Day 1321: 1147:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao 980:Gallery – Museum storage 715:returned to their owners 648:his son of the same name 565: 485:Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum 5700:Preservation of meaning 5685:Language revitalization 5353:Illuminated manuscripts 5131:Historic paint analysis 5023:Conservation technician 4825:Deaccessioning (museum) 4765:Collections maintenance 4690:Agents of deterioration 4490:Santa Cruz: Museums 2.0 4486:Simon, Nina K. (2010). 4471:Rentzhog, Sten (2007). 4453:Redman, Samuel (2022). 4396:Findlen, Paula (1996). 3280:11 January 2019 at the 3244:10 January 2019 at the 3203:10 October 2018 at the 3033:Procter, Alice (2020). 2939:Inquiry: Monuments Men. 2883:University of Rochester 2744:10.5130/phrj.v18i0.1523 2615:The Birth of the Museum 2557:8 February 2013 at the 2546:Victoria County History 2166:www.museumsmanitoba.com 1835:Diversity and inclusion 1764:, Maurice Marciano and 1307:Dorothy Canfield Fisher 598:cabinets of curiosities 528:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 358:Smithsonian Institution 333:National Museum of Iran 277:, and is pluralized as 127:Hong Kong Museum of Art 22:Museum (disambiguation) 5710:Tradition preservation 5363:Iron and steel objects 5252:Outdoor bronze objects 5196:UVC-based preservation 5053:Photograph conservator 5018:Conservation scientist 4770:Collections management 4700:Archaeological science 3692:15 August 2021 at the 3546:8 October 2015 at the 3358:ESP Sponsorship Report 2725:Duthie, Emily (2011). 2613:Bennett, Tony (1995). 1748: 1666: 1338: 1248: 1217: 1141: 1044: 890:Collections Management 870: 862: 830: 794: 729: 677: 589: 499:. The site dates from 430: 340: 59: 5833:Educational buildings 5715:Traditional knowledge 5680:Language preservation 5288:Ancient Greek pottery 5186:Textile stabilization 5048:Paintings conservator 4935:Preservation metadata 4820:Database preservation 4674:historic preservation 4358:Conn, Steven (1998). 4335:. London: Routledge. 3497:Conn, Steven (2010). 3467:Conn, Steven (2010). 3061:Conn, Steven (2010). 3005:. 24 September 2014. 2731:Public History Review 2497:13 April 2014 at the 2475:Findlen, pp. 393–397. 2416:The Classical Journal 1746: 1729:Montezuma's headdress 1722:in April 1770 or the 1664: 1378:Civilizing the Museum 1371:University of Florida 1367:Colonial Williamsburg 1329: 1246: 1207: 1178:Taubman Museum of Art 1139: 1053:Interpretive planning 1042: 868: 860: 824: 788: 723: 675: 579: 520:Library of Alexandria 497:Neo-Babylonian Empire 451:The United Kingdom's 420: 383:Church History Museum 330: 5503:Time-based media art 5313:Copper-based objects 5227:Archaeological sites 5156:Mass deacidification 5101:Cradling (paintings) 5013:Conservator-restorer 4840:Digital preservation 4603:Museums of the World 4594:at Wikimedia Commons 4377:Cuno, James (2013). 3520:. Routledge: 15–33. 3174:. 3 September 2018. 2890:5 April 2012 at the 2666:The Public Historian 2119:The Public Historian 1096:Griffith Observatory 791:Royal Ontario Museum 667:Sir Christopher Wren 636:University of Oxford 634:, was set up in the 613:Age of Enlightenment 516:Museum of Alexandria 487:, built by Princess 409:life may have been. 399:Hampton Court Palace 244:most visited museums 20:For other uses, see 5807:World Heritage Site 5670:Indigenous language 5570:Endangered language 5468:Shipwreck artifacts 5448:Photographic plates 5398:Musical instruments 5151:Lining of paintings 5068:Textile conservator 5043:Objects conservator 5033:Exhibition designer 4940:Preservation survey 4865:Found in collection 4755:Collection (museum) 4725:Calendar (archives) 4695:Archival processing 4271:blackcoalminers.com 3838:on 29 November 2014 3037:. England: Cassel. 2571:"History of Louvre" 2198:. 25 January 2018. 453:Museums Association 240:tourist attractions 5843:Tourist activities 5665:Indigenous culture 5008:Collection manager 4905:Media preservation 4900:Inventory (museum) 4760:Collection catalog 4500:Museumsarchitektur 4496:van Uffelen, Chris 4417:Contemporary Milan 4190:The New York Times 3897:The New York Times 3812:on 2 February 2021 3484:Why Stop Learning? 3427:Tourism Management 3147:The New York Times 3079:The New York Times 2601:Museum and Society 2577:on 24 October 2013 2513:. British Museum. 2490:The British Museum 2446:Museum and Society 2298:on 21 January 2022 1987:10.1093/jhc/1.1.59 1864:Museums portal 1775:In the country of 1749: 1667: 1646:Current challenges 1611:Public vs. private 1441:zoological gardens 1429:children's museums 1339: 1249: 1218: 1142: 1045: 871: 863: 847:Board of directors 831: 795: 730: 678: 676:The Louvre in 1853 590: 495:at the end of the 431: 366:cultural artifacts 341: 5815: 5814: 5764:Pompeian frescoes 5650:Heritage language 5540:cultural heritage 5328:Flags and banners 5273:cultural property 5237:Heritage railways 5217:cultural property 5166:Paleo-inspiration 4850:Film preservation 4790:Cultural property 4780:Cultural heritage 4670:Cultural heritage 4590:Media related to 4545:978-1-4422-3164-1 4526:978-3-03768-067-4 4509:978-3-8331-6033-2 4481:978-91-7948-208-4 4464:978-1-4798-0933-2 4426:978-88-572-0258-7 4388:978-0-226-10091-3 4342:978-0-415-05387-7 4244:978-3-319-97456-9 4002:Los Angeles Times 3970:Los Angeles Times 3937:Los Angeles Times 3640:978-1-58834-322-2 3615:978-1-61069-282-3 3590:978-1-58834-322-2 3538:Kilgerman, Eric. 3101:Guggenheim Bilbao 3044:978-1-78840-221-7 2927:on 23 March 2020. 2809:978-1-61069-282-3 2370:978-1-59874-197-1 1887:Collective memory 1335:automotive museum 1258:interpretive plan 1233:Exhibition design 1221:funding from the 1182:Roanoke, Virginia 1089:interpretive plan 953:cultural property 843:Board of Trustees 690:French Revolution 609:Ulisse Aldrovandi 532:African elephants 269:The English word 204: 203: 189:Sukiennice Museum 5850: 5751:by Thomas Eakins 5749:The Gross Clinic 5645:Folklore studies 5555:Applied folklore 5528:Wooden furniture 5523:Wooden artifacts 5518:Woodblock prints 5498:Tibetan thangkas 5358:Insect specimens 5247:Outdoor artworks 5242:Historic gardens 4875:Heritage science 4663: 4656: 4649: 4640: 4639: 4589: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4565: 4558: 4549: 4530: 4513: 4468: 4449: 4430: 4411: 4392: 4373: 4354: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3888: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3806:History Magazine 3798: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3705: 3696: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3576: 3567: 3566: 3558: 3552: 3551:, p. 255 (2007). 3536: 3530: 3529: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3447: 3424: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3350: 3344: 3330: 3324: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3298: 3290: 3284: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3262: 3254: 3248: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3222: 3214: 3208: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3109: 3098: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3058: 3049: 3048: 3030: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2962: 2961:5 November 2013. 2935: 2929: 2928: 2923:. Archived from 2913: 2907: 2906:2014, p. 419 ff. 2900: 2894: 2886: 2880: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2840: 2829: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2795: 2784: 2777: 2768: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2610: 2604: 2603:, vol. 10, 2012. 2595:Chang Wan-Chen, 2593: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2567: 2561: 2552:1954 Pages 47–49 2542: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2507: 2501: 2493: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2440:Chang Wan-Chen, 2438: 2432: 2431: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2297: 2290: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2128: 2122: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2089:"Holy Museology" 2085: 2079: 2074:Babian, Sharon, 2072: 2066: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2017: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1970: 1928:Museum education 1918:Lists of museums 1862: 1861: 1724:Parthenon marble 1461:aviation history 1457:military history 1417:cultural history 1369:). According to 1363:Anne Frank House 1333:displayed at an 1293: 1290: 1281: 1272: 1164:Northern Ireland 1116:Washington, D.C. 1060:John Cotton Dana 1043:Exhibit planning 1026: 1014: 1002: 990: 957:natural disaster 938:graphic designer 908:Exhibit Designer 669:or Thomas Wood. 628:Ashmolean Museum 582:Ashmolean Museum 505: 502: 354:environmentalism 311:and research at 307:(institute) for 184: 164: 142: 122: 100: 80: 64: 54: 37: 36: 32: 25: 5858: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5758:The Last Supper 5725: 5719: 5705:Primitive music 5615:Folk instrument 5590:Family folklore 5580:Ethnomusicology 5575:Ethnochoreology 5542: 5539: 5532: 5453:Plastic objects 5438:Performance art 5423:Panel paintings 5418:Painting frames 5383:Leather objects 5303:Ceramic objects 5275: 5272: 5270: 5269:and restoration 5268: 5261: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5213:and restoration 5212: 5205: 5171:Paper splitting 5086:Aging (artwork) 5078: 5072: 5058:Preservationist 4980: 4974: 4830:Digital library 4682: 4676: 4667: 4628: 4582: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4527: 4515: 4510: 4465: 4446: 4427: 4408: 4389: 4370: 4343: 4317: 4315:Further reading 4312: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4289: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4245: 4219:, eds. (2019). 4210: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4181: 4177: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4095:. 26 May 2022. 4087: 4086: 4082: 4072: 4070: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 3994: 3990: 3980: 3978: 3961: 3957: 3947: 3945: 3928: 3924: 3914: 3912: 3889: 3882: 3872: 3870: 3855: 3851: 3841: 3839: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3800: 3799: 3792: 3782: 3780: 3745: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3706: 3699: 3694:Wayback Machine 3683: 3679: 3669: 3667: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3627: 3623: 3616: 3602: 3598: 3591: 3577: 3570: 3559: 3555: 3548:Wayback Machine 3537: 3533: 3510: 3506: 3495: 3491: 3480: 3476: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3422: 3416: 3412: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3341:Wayback Machine 3331: 3327: 3322:Wayback Machine 3310: 3308: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3282:Wayback Machine 3270: 3268: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3246:Wayback Machine 3234: 3232: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3205:Wayback Machine 3195: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3142: 3138: 3131:Financial Times 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3096: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3074: 3070: 3059: 3052: 3045: 3031: 3022: 3012: 3010: 2997: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2936: 2932: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2901: 2897: 2892:Wayback Machine 2878: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2827: 2821: 2817: 2810: 2796: 2787: 2778: 2771: 2766:Wayback Machine 2756: 2752: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2678:10.2307/3378225 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2625: 2611: 2607: 2594: 2590: 2580: 2578: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2559:Wayback Machine 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2499:Wayback Machine 2484: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466:Findlen, p. 62. 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2448:, vol 10, 2012. 2439: 2435: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2357: 2350: 2315: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2288: 2280: 2276: 2266: 2264: 2249: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2116: 2112: 2102: 2100: 2095:. 31 May 2022. 2087: 2086: 2082: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2041: 2039: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2015: 2013: 1998: 1994: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1948:Science tourism 1882:Cell phone tour 1856: 1853: 1837: 1829:digital culture 1825: 1823:Digital culture 1809: 1803: 1782:Thea Tsulukiani 1741: 1659: 1653: 1648: 1635: 1622: 1613: 1608: 1606:Legal framework 1603: 1584:Natural history 1481: 1433:natural history 1324: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1274: 1273: 1241: 1235: 1202: 1156:Titanic Belfast 1134: 1128: 1084:museum planning 1055: 1049:Museum planning 1037: 1030: 1027: 1018: 1015: 1006: 1003: 994: 991: 982: 949: 819: 799:Native American 767:Michel Foucault 746: 574: 568: 503: 481: 476: 415: 325: 317:Ptolemy I Soter 301:Greek mythology 267: 232:natural history 200: 199: 198: 197: 196: 187:Gallery at the 185: 177: 176: 167:Diorama at the 165: 156: 155: 154: 147:House of Slaves 143: 135: 134: 123: 114: 113: 112: 101: 93: 92: 85:Egyptian Museum 81: 72: 71: 70: 55: 33: 26: 19: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5856: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5753: 5744: 5735: 5729: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5690:Living history 5687: 5682: 5677: 5675:Language death 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5610:Folk etymology 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5560:Dance notation 5557: 5552: 5546: 5544: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5473:Silver objects 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5279: 5277: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5259: 5257:Outdoor murals 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5181:Rissverklebung 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5096:Arrested decay 5093: 5088: 5082: 5080: 5079:and techniques 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4984: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4870:Heritage asset 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4715:Bioarchaeology 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4686: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4666: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4581: 4580:External links 4578: 4577: 4576: 4566:on 10 May 2017 4550: 4544: 4531: 4525: 4508: 4492: 4483: 4469: 4463: 4450: 4444: 4431: 4425: 4412: 4406: 4393: 4387: 4374: 4368: 4355: 4341: 4325: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4283: 4258: 4243: 4204: 4175: 4162:10.2307/775601 4140: 4110: 4080: 4050: 4019: 3988: 3955: 3922: 3880: 3849: 3823: 3790: 3739: 3697: 3677: 3646: 3639: 3621: 3614: 3596: 3589: 3568: 3553: 3531: 3504: 3489: 3474: 3459: 3410: 3375: 3345: 3325: 3285: 3249: 3209: 3196:Bell, Ford W. 3189: 3153: 3136: 3121: 3085: 3068: 3050: 3043: 3020: 2990: 2981: 2972: 2963: 2930: 2908: 2895: 2867: 2852: 2815: 2808: 2785: 2769: 2750: 2717: 2691: 2656: 2630: 2623: 2605: 2588: 2562: 2537: 2528: 2502: 2477: 2468: 2459: 2457:Findlen, p. 3. 2450: 2433: 2406: 2376: 2369: 2348: 2309: 2274: 2243: 2213: 2183: 2153: 2123: 2110: 2080: 2067: 2058: 2049: 2023: 1992: 1964: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1933:Museum fatigue 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1852: 1849: 1836: 1833: 1824: 1821: 1813:climate change 1802: 1799: 1790: 1789: 1762:Guess clothing 1754: 1753: 1740: 1737: 1716:Gweagal Shield 1652: 1651:Decolonization 1649: 1647: 1644: 1634: 1631: 1629:shareholders. 1621: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1554:Living history 1551: 1546: 1544:Historic house 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1499:Archaeological 1496: 1491: 1485: 1480: 1477: 1323: 1320: 1286: 1285: 1276: 1275: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1253:exhibit design 1239:Exhibit design 1237:Main article: 1234: 1231: 1201: 1198: 1127: 1126:Financial uses 1124: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1009: 1007: 1004: 997: 995: 992: 985: 981: 978: 948: 945: 918: 917: 911: 905: 899: 893: 887: 883:The Henry Ford 855: 854: 850: 818: 815: 765:). Drawing on 745: 742: 726:Nantong Museum 620:British Museum 567: 564: 480: 477: 475: 472: 423:Soumaya Museum 414: 411: 401:, a palace of 324: 321: 319:about 280 BC. 315:, built under 266: 263: 202: 201: 186: 179: 178: 166: 159: 158: 157: 144: 137: 136: 124: 117: 116: 115: 102: 95: 94: 82: 75: 74: 73: 56: 49: 48: 47: 46: 45: 42: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5855: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5620:Folk medicine 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5550:Ancient music 5548: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5483:Stained glass 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5463:Road vehicles 5461: 5459: 5458:Rail vehicles 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5408:New media art 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5368:Ivory objects 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5348:Human remains 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5338:Glass objects 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5215:of immovable 5208: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5116:Desmet method 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981:and expertise 4977: 4971: 4970:Web archiving 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4880:Inherent vice 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4659: 4657: 4652: 4650: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4588: 4584: 4583: 4562: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4537: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4445:0-471-47377-4 4441: 4437: 4432: 4428: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4409: 4407:0-520-20508-1 4403: 4399: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4369:0-226-11493-7 4365: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4329:Bennett, Tony 4326: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4144: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4054: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3959: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3926: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3887: 3885: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3702: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3681: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3642: 3636: 3632: 3625: 3617: 3611: 3607: 3600: 3592: 3586: 3582: 3575: 3573: 3564: 3557: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3500: 3493: 3485: 3478: 3470: 3463: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3319: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3279: 3266: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3243: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3213: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3193: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3157: 3150:. p. F6. 3149: 3148: 3140: 3132: 3125: 3106: 3102: 3095: 3089: 3082:. p. C9. 3081: 3080: 3072: 3064: 3057: 3055: 3046: 3040: 3036: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3008: 3004: 3003:Atlas Obscura 3000: 2994: 2985: 2976: 2967: 2960: 2957:(German) In: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2877: 2871: 2863: 2856: 2837: 2833: 2826: 2819: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2782: 2776: 2774: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2754: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2660: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2626: 2624:0-415-05388-9 2620: 2616: 2609: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2532: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2481: 2472: 2463: 2454: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2372: 2366: 2362: 2355: 2353: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2329:(4): 337–53. 2328: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2294: 2287: 2286: 2278: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2247: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2192:"Eligibility" 2187: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2127: 2120: 2114: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2077: 2071: 2062: 2053: 2037: 2033: 2027: 2011: 2007: 2003: 2000:Dunn, Jimmy. 1996: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1965: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1842:Norma Gregory 1832: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1766:Paul Marciano 1763: 1758: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1696:Easter Island 1693: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1671: 1663: 1658: 1643: 1639: 1630: 1626: 1617: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1549:Historic site 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1453:local history 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1280: 1271: 1262: 1259: 1254: 1245: 1240: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1215: 1211: 1206: 1197: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1151:Bilbao, Spain 1149:was built in 1148: 1138: 1133: 1123: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1064:Newark Museum 1061: 1054: 1050: 1041: 1025: 1020: 1013: 1008: 1001: 996: 989: 984: 983: 977: 973: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 944: 941: 939: 935: 934:groundskeeper 931: 927: 923: 915: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 884: 880: 877: 876: 875: 867: 859: 851: 848: 844: 841: 840: 839: 837: 829:, New Zealand 828: 823: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 792: 787: 783: 781: 777: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 741: 738: 734: 727: 722: 718: 716: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 674: 670: 668: 664: 663:Old Ashmolean 660: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 640:Elias Ashmole 637: 633: 632:Elias Ashmole 629: 624: 621: 616: 614: 610: 605: 601: 599: 595: 587: 583: 578: 573: 563: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 521: 517: 511: 509: 504: 530 BC 498: 494: 490: 486: 471: 469: 464: 461: 456: 454: 449: 447: 442: 440: 435: 428: 424: 419: 410: 408: 404: 400: 395: 393: 389: 384: 379: 374: 373:enchanting." 371: 370:decomposition 367: 361: 359: 355: 351: 346: 338: 334: 329: 320: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 293: 288: 287:Ancient Greek 284: 280: 276: 272: 262: 260: 256: 255:ancient times 252: 247: 245: 241: 237: 236:local history 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 194: 190: 183: 174: 170: 169:Indian Museum 163: 152: 148: 141: 132: 131:Tsim Sha Tsui 128: 121: 110: 106: 99: 90: 86: 79: 68: 63: 62: 53: 43: 38: 35: 30: 23: 5785: 5757: 5748: 5739: 5630:Folk process 5585:Ethnopoetics 5543:preservation 5403:Neon objects 5276:by item type 5267:Conservation 5220:by item type 5211:Conservation 5161:Overpainting 5121:Display case 4950:Repatriation 4919: 4618: 4568:. Retrieved 4561:the original 4535: 4516: 4499: 4487: 4472: 4454: 4435: 4416: 4397: 4378: 4359: 4332: 4321: 4300:. Retrieved 4296: 4286: 4274:. Retrieved 4270: 4261: 4220: 4213:Giannini, T. 4207: 4195:. Retrieved 4188: 4178: 4156:(1): 17–20. 4153: 4149: 4143: 4131:. Retrieved 4122: 4113: 4101:. Retrieved 4092: 4083: 4071:. Retrieved 4062: 4053: 4041:. Retrieved 4032: 4022: 4010:. Retrieved 4001: 3991: 3979:. Retrieved 3968: 3958: 3946:. Retrieved 3935: 3925: 3913:. Retrieved 3896: 3871:. Retrieved 3862: 3852: 3840:. Retrieved 3836:the original 3826: 3814:. Retrieved 3810:the original 3805: 3783:14 September 3781:. Retrieved 3756: 3752: 3742: 3730:. Retrieved 3714:The Guardian 3713: 3680: 3670:14 September 3668:. Retrieved 3659: 3649: 3630: 3624: 3605: 3599: 3580: 3562: 3556: 3539: 3534: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3498: 3492: 3483: 3477: 3468: 3462: 3450:. Retrieved 3430: 3426: 3413: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3366:. Retrieved 3357: 3348: 3328: 3309:. Retrieved 3307:(AAMD). 2016 3300: 3288: 3269:. Retrieved 3252: 3233:. Retrieved 3224: 3212: 3192: 3180:. Retrieved 3165: 3156: 3145: 3139: 3130: 3124: 3112:. Retrieved 3100: 3088: 3077: 3071: 3062: 3034: 3011:. Retrieved 3002: 2993: 2984: 2975: 2966: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2937:Peter Stone 2933: 2925:the original 2920: 2911: 2903: 2898: 2870: 2861: 2855: 2843:. Retrieved 2831: 2818: 2799: 2780: 2753: 2734: 2730: 2720: 2708:. Retrieved 2694: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2647:. Retrieved 2633: 2614: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2579:. Retrieved 2575:the original 2565: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2519:. Retrieved 2505: 2480: 2471: 2462: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2422:(2): 68–76. 2419: 2415: 2409: 2397:. Retrieved 2388: 2379: 2360: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2300:. Retrieved 2293:the original 2284: 2277: 2265:. Retrieved 2256: 2246: 2234:. Retrieved 2225: 2216: 2204:. Retrieved 2195: 2186: 2174:. Retrieved 2165: 2156: 2144:. Retrieved 2135: 2126: 2118: 2113: 2101:. Retrieved 2092: 2083: 2075: 2070: 2061: 2052: 2040:. Retrieved 2026: 2014:. Retrieved 2005: 1995: 1981:(1): 59–78. 1978: 1974: 1968: 1938:Museum label 1845: 1838: 1826: 1817:Anthropocene 1810: 1807:Green museum 1795: 1791: 1774: 1759: 1755: 1685: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1640: 1636: 1627: 1623: 1614: 1534:Encyclopedic 1519:Biographical 1494:Architecture 1489:Agricultural 1482: 1401:anthropology 1389:applied arts 1382: 1377: 1376:In her book 1375: 1344: 1340: 1331:Classic cars 1301: 1299: 1250: 1227:Corporations 1219: 1194: 1171: 1143: 1120: 1108:Philadelphia 1093: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1056: 974: 950: 942: 922:photographer 919: 872: 832: 811:colonization 796: 780:World War II 776:Universities 771:Tony Bennett 747: 731: 705: 697: 679: 625: 617: 606: 602: 591: 584:building in 525: 512: 482: 465: 457: 450: 443: 436: 432: 396: 375: 362: 350:civil rights 342: 290: 282: 281:(or rarely, 278: 270: 268: 248: 207: 205: 34: 5786:H.L. Hunley 5565:Early music 5513:Vinyl discs 5508:Totem poles 5443:Photographs 5388:Lighthouses 5378:Lacquerware 5333:Fur objects 5271:of movable 5201:VisualAudio 5146:Leafcasting 5091:Anastylosis 5038:Mount maker 4998:Art handler 4855:Finding aid 4705:Archaeology 4613:‹ The 4217:Bowen, J.P. 4150:Art Journal 4033:Artnet News 3863:Artnet News 3842:24 November 3759:(1): 4–27. 3452:20 November 3433:: 321–329. 3391:: 329–338. 3311:26 February 3271:26 February 3235:26 February 2845:12 December 2581:14 November 2236:12 December 2206:12 December 2176:12 December 2103:13 December 2078:, pp. 42–45 1943:Museum shop 1479:Major types 1469:agriculture 1397:archaeology 1292: 1890 1210:a 2018 fire 1190:Los Angeles 1168:Frank Gehry 1100:Los Angeles 914:Conservator 807:imperialism 759:Mesopotamia 659:Robert Plot 536:hartebeests 427:Mexico City 413:Definitions 392:name of God 273:comes from 216:researchers 133:, Hong Kong 5822:Categories 5625:Folk music 5605:Folk dance 5538:Intangible 5136:Inpainting 5003:Auctioneer 4993:Art dealer 4945:Provenance 4750:Collecting 4683:and issues 4570:6 December 4012:9 December 3981:8 November 3948:7 November 3816:8 February 3732:8 February 3114:20 January 3013:1 February 2951:Worldpost. 2399:5 November 2302:12 January 2006:Tour Egypt 1960:References 1872:Audio tour 1805:See also: 1752:Background 1720:Botany Bay 1690:have been 1655:See also: 1524:Children's 1509:Automotive 1445:modern art 1425:technology 1359:synchronic 1347:diachronic 1130:See also: 1082:through a 1047:See also: 947:Protection 817:Management 710:Napoléon I 656:naturalist 570:See also: 556:rhinoceros 491:in modern 458:While the 403:Henry VIII 313:Alexandria 309:philosophy 289:Μουσεῖον ( 212:preserving 5838:Museology 5740:Ecce Homo 5635:Folk play 5488:Taxidermy 5433:Parchment 5413:Paintings 4988:Archivist 4419:. Skira. 4253:146115899 4123:Agenda.ge 4063:Widewalls 3905:0362-4331 3773:149069484 3722:0261-3077 3405:248439991 3182:22 August 2959:Die Welt. 2737:: 12–25. 2672:(3): 25. 2146:29 August 1681:artifacts 1673:The 2018 1529:Community 1465:philately 1437:botanical 1409:biography 1405:ethnology 1385:fine arts 1186:The Broad 930:archivist 926:librarian 896:Registrar 594:artifacts 588:, England 540:ostriches 489:Ennigaldi 345:education 265:Etymology 153:, Senegal 5726:projects 5640:Foodways 5600:Folk art 5595:Folklore 5493:Textiles 5343:Herbaria 5318:Feathers 5283:Aircraft 5141:Kintsugi 4965:Treasure 4615:template 4498:(2010). 4351:30624669 4331:(1995). 4227:Springer 4127:Archived 4097:Archived 4093:OC Media 4067:Archived 4037:Archived 4006:Archived 3975:Archived 3942:Archived 3909:Archived 3867:Archived 3777:Archived 3726:Archived 3690:Archived 3664:Archived 3544:Archived 3443:Archived 3368:15 March 3362:Archived 3337:Archived 3318:Archived 3301:AAMD.org 3278:Archived 3242:Archived 3225:arts.gov 3201:Archived 3176:Archived 3167:BBC News 3105:Archived 3007:Archived 2888:Archived 2836:Archived 2762:Archived 2710:18 April 2704:Archived 2643:Archived 2639:"Museum" 2555:Archived 2515:Archived 2495:Archived 2393:Archived 2323:Folklore 2267:31 March 2261:Archived 2230:Archived 2200:Archived 2170:Archived 2140:Archived 2097:Archived 2042:14 March 2036:Archived 2010:Archived 1899:(18 May) 1851:See also 1815:and the 1770:unionize 1712:Rapa Nui 1706:and the 1589:Open-air 1579:Military 1574:Memorial 1564:Maritime 1449:folk art 1102:and the 1035:Planning 902:Educator 827:Auckland 737:Japanese 694:monarchy 580:The old 552:giraffes 548:leopards 429:, Mexico 292:mouseion 259:academia 195:, Poland 111:, Canada 67:Santiago 5828:Museums 5724:Notable 5428:Papyrus 5373:Judaica 5232:Frescos 5077:Methods 5028:Curator 4710:Archive 4630:Museums 4617:below ( 4592:Museums 4302:5 March 4276:5 March 4133:15 June 4103:15 June 4073:15 June 4043:15 June 2686:3378225 2649:23 June 2521:15 June 2428:3290815 2343:1256361 2016:5 April 1923:.museum 1788:History 1777:Georgia 1731:in the 1692:removed 1599:Virtual 1594:Science 1569:Medical 1473:geology 1421:science 1413:history 1357:), and 1316:Chicago 1212:at the 1200:Funding 1173:Titanic 1160:Belfast 879:Curator 793:in 1908 733:Chinese 704:). The 560:pythons 479:Ancient 474:History 323:Purpose 305:Musaeum 279:museums 228:science 220:library 175:, India 173:Kolkata 91:, Egypt 69:, Chile 5393:Metals 5308:Clocks 4920:Museum 4910:Midden 4681:Topics 4634:Curlie 4620:Curlie 4542: 4523: 4506: 4479: 4461: 4442: 4423: 4404: 4385: 4366: 4349: 4339: 4251: 4241: 4197:26 May 4170:775601 4168: 3915:26 May 3903: 3873:26 May 3771: 3720: 3637: 3612: 3587: 3403: 3267:. 2016 3231:. 2012 3041: 2832:Museum 2806: 2684: 2621: 2426: 2367: 2341: 1704:Louvre 1514:Design 965:UNESCO 761:, and 755:Greece 744:Modern 698:décade 682:Louvre 586:Oxford 558:, and 544:zebras 388:Jewish 339:, Iran 337:Tehran 271:museum 208:museum 193:Kraków 109:Ottawa 40:Museum 4979:Roles 4955:Ruins 4860:Fonds 4564:(PDF) 4557:(PDF) 4249:S2CID 4166:JSTOR 3769:S2CID 3446:(PDF) 3423:(PDF) 3401:S2CID 3297:(PDF) 3261:(PDF) 3221:(PDF) 3108:(PDF) 3097:(PDF) 2879:(PDF) 2839:(PDF) 2828:(PDF) 2759:p. 1. 2682:JSTOR 2424:JSTOR 2339:JSTOR 2296:(PDF) 2289:(PDF) 1694:from 1559:Local 1471:, or 1393:craft 1322:Types 751:Egypt 686:Paris 566:Early 407:Tudor 297:muses 283:musea 275:Latin 151:Gorée 89:Cairo 5323:Film 4720:Book 4672:and 4572:2016 4540:ISBN 4521:ISBN 4504:ISBN 4477:ISBN 4459:ISBN 4440:ISBN 4421:ISBN 4402:ISBN 4383:ISBN 4364:ISBN 4347:OCLC 4337:ISBN 4304:2024 4278:2024 4239:ISBN 4199:2022 4135:2022 4105:2022 4075:2022 4045:2022 4014:2019 3983:2019 3950:2019 3917:2022 3901:ISSN 3875:2022 3844:2012 3818:2021 3785:2020 3734:2021 3718:ISSN 3672:2020 3635:ISBN 3610:ISBN 3585:ISBN 3454:2018 3370:2018 3313:2017 3273:2017 3237:2017 3184:2022 3116:2016 3039:ISBN 3015:2016 2949:In: 2941:In: 2921:ICOM 2847:2021 2804:ISBN 2712:2016 2651:2022 2619:ISBN 2583:2013 2523:2017 2401:2021 2365:ISBN 2304:2022 2269:2018 2238:2021 2208:2021 2178:2021 2148:2022 2105:2022 2044:2018 2018:2008 1688:Moai 1539:Folk 1439:and 1403:and 1365:and 1353:and 1184:and 1051:and 967:and 951:The 886:art. 809:and 763:Rome 735:and 724:The 652:dodo 646:and 626:The 493:Iraq 444:The 437:The 224:arts 145:The 125:The 103:The 83:The 57:The 4632:at 4231:doi 4158:doi 3761:doi 3522:doi 3435:doi 3393:doi 3172:BBC 2739:doi 2674:doi 2599:in 2444:in 2331:doi 2257:io9 1983:doi 1827:As 1504:Art 1314:in 1302:all 1188:in 1180:in 1114:in 1106:in 1098:in 961:war 845:or 684:in 425:in 352:or 348:as 335:in 253:in 234:or 191:in 171:in 149:in 129:in 107:in 87:in 65:in 5824:: 4345:. 4295:. 4269:. 4247:. 4237:. 4229:. 4215:; 4187:. 4164:. 4154:32 4152:. 4125:. 4121:. 4091:. 4065:. 4061:. 4035:. 4031:. 4004:. 4000:. 3973:. 3967:. 3940:. 3934:. 3907:. 3899:. 3895:. 3883:^ 3865:. 3861:. 3804:. 3793:^ 3775:. 3767:. 3757:49 3755:. 3751:. 3724:. 3716:. 3712:. 3700:^ 3662:. 3658:. 3571:^ 3518:16 3516:. 3441:. 3431:42 3429:. 3425:. 3399:. 3389:55 3387:. 3356:. 3303:. 3299:. 3263:. 3227:. 3223:. 3170:. 3164:. 3103:. 3099:. 3053:^ 3023:^ 3001:. 2919:. 2881:. 2830:. 2788:^ 2772:^ 2735:18 2733:. 2729:. 2680:. 2670:14 2668:. 2488:. 2420:31 2418:. 2391:. 2387:. 2351:^ 2337:. 2327:33 2325:. 2321:. 2259:. 2255:. 2228:. 2224:. 2194:. 2168:. 2164:. 2138:. 2134:. 2091:. 2008:. 2004:. 1977:. 1819:. 1467:, 1463:, 1459:, 1455:, 1451:, 1447:, 1435:, 1431:, 1427:, 1423:, 1419:, 1415:, 1411:, 1407:, 1399:, 1395:, 1391:, 1387:, 1289:c. 1192:. 1162:, 959:, 940:. 932:, 928:, 924:, 757:, 753:, 562:. 554:, 550:, 546:, 542:, 538:, 501:c. 230:, 226:, 206:A 4662:e 4655:t 4648:v 4574:. 4548:. 4529:. 4512:. 4467:. 4448:. 4429:. 4410:. 4391:. 4372:. 4353:. 4306:. 4280:. 4255:. 4233:: 4201:. 4172:. 4160:: 4137:. 4107:. 4077:. 4047:. 4016:. 3985:. 3952:. 3919:. 3877:. 3846:. 3820:. 3763:: 3736:. 3674:. 3643:. 3618:. 3593:. 3528:. 3524:: 3456:. 3437:: 3407:. 3395:: 3372:. 3315:. 3275:. 3239:. 3186:. 3133:. 3118:. 3047:. 3017:. 2885:. 2849:. 2812:. 2747:. 2741:: 2714:. 2688:. 2676:: 2653:. 2627:. 2585:. 2525:. 2492:. 2430:. 2403:. 2373:. 2345:. 2333:: 2306:. 2271:. 2240:. 2210:. 2180:. 2150:. 2107:. 2046:. 2020:. 1989:. 1985:: 1979:1 31:. 24:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index