3122:
3154:
664:
3554:
2163:
6348:
3808:
4143:, which actually form one stretch of arid tableland, the classical concept of what actually constituted Syria had more to its credit geographically than the vaguer Arab concept of Syria as Bilad al-Sham. Under the Romans, there was actually a province of Syria, with its capital at Antioch, which carried the name of the territory. Otherwise, down the centuries, Syria, like Arabia and Mesopotamia, was no more than a geographic expression. In Islamic times, the Arab geographers used the name arabicized as Suriyah, to denote one special region of Bilad al-Sham, which was the middle section of the valley of the Orontes River, in the vicinity of the towns of
85:
3108:
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1187:
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183:
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170:
3287:
1251:
209:
157:
144:
196:
4135:, this same territory, which the Roman Empire considered Arabian, formed part of what they called Bilad al-Sham, which was their own name for Syria. From the classical perspective, however, Syria, including Palestine, formed no more than the western fringes of what was reckoned to be Arabia between the first line of cities and the coast. Since there is no clear dividing line between what is called today the
3678:
5353:: "The third group consists not of men of action, but Preachers of Truth, who led solitary lives. Their epithet is: "the Righteous." They form a connected group round Jesus. Zachariah was the father of John the Baptist, who is referenced as "Elias, which was for to come" (Matt 11:14); and John the Baptist is said to have been present and talked to Jesus at the Transfiguration on the Mount (Matt. 17:3)."
2643:
2695:
1283:
3121:
2733:(The Histories, I.6) in today's Turkey to the Mount Casius (The Histories II.158), which Herodotus says is located just south of Lake Serbonis (The Histories III.5). According to Herodotus various remarks in different locations, he describes Syria to include the entire stretch of Phoenician coastal line as well as cities such Cadytis (Jerusalem) (The Histories III.159).
5999:"The centrality of Jerusalem to Judaism is so strong that even secular Jews express their devotion and attachment to the city, and cannot conceive of a modern State of Israel without it.... For Jews Jerusalem is sacred simply because it exists... Though Jerusalem's sacred character goes back three millennia...". Leslie J. Hoppe.
4324:
VII.63: The
Assyrians went to war with helmets upon their heads made of brass, and plaited in a strange fashion which is not easy to describe. They carried shields, lances, and daggers very like the Egyptian; but in addition they had wooden clubs knotted with iron, and linen corselets. This people,
5984:
from this city... For a thousand years
Jerusalem was the seat of Jewish sovereignty, the household site of kings, the location of its legislative councils and courts. In exile, the Jewish nation came to be identified with the city that had been the site of its ancient capital. Jews, wherever they
4167:
usage. It was only in the nineteenth century that the use of the name was revived in its modern Arabic form, frequently as
Suriyya rather than the older Suriyah, to denote the whole of Bilad al-Sham: first of all in the Christian Arabic literature of the period, and under the influence of Western
4006:
The western coastline and the eastern deserts set the boundaries for the Levant ... The
Euphrates and the area around Jebel el-Bishrī mark the eastern boundary of the northern Levant, as does the Syrian Desert beyond the Anti-Lebanon range's eastern hinterland and Mount Hermon. This boundary
3304:
The boundaries of the region have changed throughout history, and were last defined in modern times by the proclamation of the short-lived Arab
Kingdom of Syria and subsequent definition by French and British mandatory agreement. The area was passed to French and British Mandates following
2851:
to the south, Anatolian Greek domains to the north, Phoenicia to the West, and was in constant struggle with
Parthians to the East. In 135 AD, Syria-Palaestina became to incorporate the entire Levant and Western Mesopotamia. In 193, the province was divided into Syria proper
1606:) also has connotations of unluckiness, which is traditionally associated with the left-hand and with the colder north-winds. Again this is in contrast with Yemen, with felicity and success, and the positively-viewed warm-moist southerly wind; a theory for the etymology of
4937:, quote "In the time of the Greek predominance it came into use. as it is employed to-day, as the name of the whole western borderland of the Mediterranean, and in the NT it is used several times in that sense (Mt. 4:24, Lk. 2:2, Ac. 15:23,41, 18:18, 21:3, Gal. 1:21)".
5551:
Sabrina MERVIN, « Sayyida Zaynab, Banlieue de Damas ou nouvelle ville sainte chiite ? », Cahiers d'Etudes sur la Méditerranée
Orientale et le monde Turco-Iranien , 22 | 1996, Online since 01 March 2005, connection on 19 October 2014. URL :
4719:
Haber, Marc; Nassar, Joyce; Almarri, Mohamed A.; Saupe, Tina; Saag, Lehti; Griffith, Samuel J.; Doumet-Serhal, Claude; Chanteau, Julien; Saghieh-Beydoun, Muntaha; Xue, Yali; Scheib, Christiana L.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2020).
3011:
or sub-provinces the borders of which and the choice of cities as seats of government within them varied over time. The vilayets or sub-provinces of Aleppo, Damascus, and Beirut, in addition to the two special districts of
400:, the boundaries of the region were last defined in modern times by the proclamation of and subsequent definition by French and British mandatory agreement. The area was passed to French and British Mandates following
1529:. The term etymologically in Arabic means "the left-hand side" or "the north", as someone in the Hejaz facing east, oriented to the sunrise, will find the north to the left. This is contrasted with the name of Yemen (
764:
in the seventh century gave rise to this province, which encompassed much of the region of Syria, and came to largely overlap with this concept. Other sources indicate that the term
Greater Syria was coined during
621:, but survived in its original sense in Byzantine and Western European usage, and in Syriac Christian literature. In the 19th century the name Syria was revived in its modern Arabic form to denote the whole of
8875:
784:. The question of the etymological identity of the two names remains open today, but regardless of etymology, both were thought of as interchangeable around the time of Herodotus. However, by the time of the
1659:. Despite this, there has been a long-standing folk association between the two names and even the region, as most of the claimed Biblical descendants of Shem have been historically placed in the vicinity.
9070:
3201:
on 8 March 1920. The kingdom claimed the entire region of Syria whilst exercising control over only the inland region known as OETA East. This led to the acceleration of the declaration of the French
3020:. Aleppo consisted of northern modern-day Syria plus parts of southern Turkey, Damascus covered southern Syria and modern-day Jordan, Beirut covered Lebanon and the Syrian coast from the port-city of
5819:
To the Jews the Temple Mount is the holiest place on Earth, the place where God manifested himself to King David and where two Jewish temples - Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple – were located.
4151:. They also noted that it was an old name for the whole of Bilad al-Sham which had gone out of use. As a geographic expression, however, the name Syria survived in its original classical sense in
3128:
Ethnic groups in the Middle East shown in a pre-World War I British government map. The primary population of the region of Syria is described as "Arabs (settled)" and inland as "Arabs (nomadic)"
385:
was the name of a metropolitan province encompassing most of the region. In the 19th century, the name Syria was revived in its modem Arabic form to denote the whole of Bilad al-Sham, either as
9313:
8905:
3791:, Mount Gerizim is the holiest site on earth, and the location chosen by God to build a temple. In their tradition, it is the oldest and most central mountain in the world, towering above the
9332:
3153:
9448:
2761:
came to be used as distinct geographical terms. "Syria" in the Roman Empire period referred to "those parts of the Empire situated between Asia Minor and Egypt", i.e. the western
663:
6257:
3107:
7810:
9248:
4325:
whom the
Hellenes call Syrians, are called Assyrians by the barbarians. The Chaldeans served in their ranks, and they had for commander Otaspes, the son of Artachaeus.
9055:
9376:
2162:
17:
9075:
6013:"Ever since King David made Jerusalem the capital of Israel 3,000 years ago, the city has played a central role in Jewish existence." Mitchell Geoffrey Bard,
9453:
9361:
9128:
6293:
1639:
alludes to this practice of caravans traveling to Syria in the summer, to avoid the colder weather, and to likewise sell commodities in Yemen in the winter.
1041:
2836:
Various writers used the term to describe the entire Levant region during this period; the New
Testament used the name in this sense on numerous occasions.
5909:
5406:
5345:
1489:. Following the declaration of Syria in 1936, the term "Syrian" came to designate citizens of that state, regardless of ethnicity. The adjective "Syriac" (
8933:
8927:
11498:
6310:
6250:
10398:
8938:
8699:
4627:
3189:(OETA) was a British, French and Arab military administration over areas of the former Ottoman Empire between 1917 and 1920, during and following
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84:
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literature. In the 19th century, the name Syria was revived in its modern Arabic form to denote the whole of Bilad al-Sham, either as
11478:
6327:
3089:
776:
The uncertainty in the definition of the extent of "Syria" is aggravated by the etymological confusion of the similar-sounding names
11608:
11538:
11503:
9458:
9386:
9103:
8827:
8088:
1030:
638:
5462:
2806:
In the Roman era, the term Syria is used to comprise the entire northern Levant and has an uncertain border to the northeast that
306:. The region boundaries have changed throughout history. However, in modern times, the term "Syria" alone is used to refer to the
11793:
11468:
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8973:
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1473:). That name was not widely used among Muslims before about 1870, but it had been used by Christians earlier. According to the
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Jerusalem has always enjoyed a prominent place in Islam. Jerusalem is often referred to as the third holiest city in Islam...
5885:
5777:
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5666:
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5602:
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was created out of part of Jund Hims. The city of Damascus was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate, until the rise of the
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9015:
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420:. The term Syria itself was applied to several mandate states under French rule and the contemporaneous but short-lived
30:
This article is about the region of Syria also called "Greater Syria" or "Syria-Palestine". For the modern country, see
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A Political History of the Arameans: From Their Origins to the End of Their Polities (Archaeology and Biblical Studies)
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1930:
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Totah, Faedah M. (2009). "Return to the origin: negotiating the modern and unmodern in the old city of Damascus".
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Killebrew and Steiner, treating the Levant as the Syrian region, gave the boundaries of the region as such: the
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409:
358:
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7914:
7749:
7248:
6993:
6675:
6417:
6407:
5314:
4722:"A Genetic History of the Near East from an aDNA Time Course Sampling Eight Points in the Past 4,000 Years"
3757:
960:
560:
425:
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are believed buried, and thus revered by followers of the Abrahamic faiths, including Muslims and Jews.
1428:, which the Greeks applied without distinction to various Near Eastern peoples living under the rule of
11808:
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5099:, Symposium: The Greater-Syria Plan and the Palestine Problem in The Jerusalem Cathedra (1982), p. 262.
5014:
3472:
3222:
2620:
2609:
1013:("Northern Land'"), but survived in its original sense in Byzantine and Western European usage, and in
10328:
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10997:
10897:
10598:
10130:
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7659:
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5199:
3924:"The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source"
2857:
2657:
2547:
2142:
2087:
2051:
1669:
342:
253:
6027:"Jerusalem became the center of the Jewish people some 3,000 years ago" Moshe Maoz, Sari Nusseibeh,
1378:
The oldest attestation of the name 'Syria' is from the 8th century BC in a bilingual inscription in
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The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads
3197:
evolved towards the creation of the first modern Arab state to come into existence, the Hashemite
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4838:. The Gulf/2000 Project, School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University. 2017
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1642:
There is no connection with the name Shem, son of Noah, whose name usually appears in Arabic as
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Contested Holiness: Jewish, Muslim, and Christian Perspectives on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem
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The Holy Quran Arabic Text with English Translation, Commentary and comprehensive Introduction
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pbk.; illustrated with b&w photos and maps; alternative ISBN on back cover: 0-19-506002-4
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Europe. By the end of that century it had already replaced the name of Bilad al-Sham even in
3989:
3281:
3277:
3206:
3198:
3178:
3144:
2890:
2769:, and only very briefly came under Roman control (116–118 AD, marking the historical peak of
2513:
2319:
1034:
757:
642:
421:
6205:
6057:
5282:
4656:
Frier, Bruce W. "Demography", in Alan K. Bowman, Peter Garnsey, and Dominic Rathbone, eds.,
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After c. 415 Syria Coele was further subdivided into Syria I, with the capital remaining at
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Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
4675:
4642:
4160:
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2811:
2576:
2020:
1517:
usually refers to the modern state of Syria, as opposed to the historical region of Syria.
955:, thereby including modern Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, the State of Palestine, and the
307:
5171:
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8:
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6988:
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5976:"Israel was first forged into a unified nation from Jerusalem some 3,000 years ago, when
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2685:
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1482:
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233:
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separated the "water from the water". The area above the earth was filled by sky-water (
2866:
was created out of the territory of Syria Coele and the former realm of Commagene, with
1009:
fell out of primary use in the region itself, being superseded by the Arabic equivalent
617:
fell out of primary use in the region itself, being superseded by the Arabic equivalent
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continues south in the form of the highlands and eastern desert regions of Transjordan.
3768:. It is regarded as the holiest city in Judaism, and the third-holiest in Sunni Islam.
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5598:
5529:
5516:
5474:
5431:
5378:
5234:
5213:
5096:
5077:
5050:
5022:
4981:
4954:
4901:
4864:
4815:
4785:
4751:
4681:
4600:
4566:
4532:
4498:
4464:
4428:
4374:
4235:
4156:
4120:
4089:
4049:
3995:
3965:
3884:
3503:
3249:
3237:
3214:
2978:
2930:
2920:
2586:
2531:
2455:
2406:
2208:
2095:
1958:
1934:
1734:
1570:
1486:
944:
800:
680:
520:
378:
374:
370:
285:
281:
3436:
1154:
11613:
11320:
11285:
11255:
11250:
11225:
11034:
10920:
10842:
10764:
10745:
10680:
10498:
10462:
10232:
10091:
9984:
9964:
9959:
9905:
9777:
9739:
9684:
9641:
9228:
8719:
8623:
8526:
8491:
8481:
8466:
8434:
8251:
8184:
7884:
7817:
7734:
7557:
7488:
7286:
7238:
7116:
6693:
6580:
6575:
6568:
6551:
6546:
6463:
6435:
6384:
6379:
5873:
5769:
5693:
5525:
5458:
5427:
5370:
4741:
4733:
4077:
4037:
3800:
3507:
3464:
3194:
2916:
2445:
2421:
2416:
2344:
2198:
2183:
2151:
1996:
1926:
1014:
964:
952:
936:
808:
668:
564:
532:
509:
350:
896:
11768:
11664:
11633:
11628:
11473:
11413:
11360:
11290:
11270:
11245:
11235:
11136:
11014:
10791:
10665:
10640:
10630:
10625:
10387:
9979:
9944:
9910:
9825:
9193:
8847:
8751:
8731:
8618:
8456:
8365:
8174:
8050:
7958:
7931:
7921:
7899:
7849:
7647:
7505:
7371:
7326:
7311:
7291:
7253:
7226:
7172:
6625:
6152:
5683:
5624:
Cultural encounters with the environment: enduring and evolving geographic themes
5588:
5203:
5172:"Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage"
5071:
5044:
4891:
4769:
4343:
4208:
4114:
3955:
3850:
3830:
3662:
3523:
3502:
which is considered to be one of the largest and best preserved mosques from the
3338:
3310:
3261:
3241:
3158:
3068:
3056:
2994:
2807:
2770:
2766:
2631:
2440:
2401:
2349:
2334:
2231:
2099:
2063:
2047:
1978:
1720:
1368:
1360:
948:
928:
672:
598:
576:
524:
501:
405:
261:
5232:
4677:
A History of the Crusades, Volume V: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East
2795:
1629:
was the commercial destination and representative of the region in the same way
11508:
11403:
11398:
11365:
11355:
11345:
11315:
11240:
11230:
11111:
11039:
10934:
10857:
10780:
10735:
10698:
10653:
10227:
9974:
9954:
9920:
9895:
8865:
8726:
8628:
8531:
8375:
8152:
7893:
7493:
7448:
6889:
6882:
6525:
5590:
Holy Places in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Confrontation and Co-existence
5310:
5004:
4805:
4737:
4671:
4528:
The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria
4164:
4140:
3701:
3542:
3499:
3257:
3064:
2973:
2967:
2647:
2431:
2411:
2329:
2067:
1982:
1970:
1954:
1540:), correspondingly meaning "the right-hand side" or "the south". The variation
1433:
1414:
956:
940:
932:
852:
804:
781:
766:
556:
528:
516:
505:
245:
218:
5814:
4776:
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In
4447:"Their protection during their trading caravans in the winter and the summer."
4396:"'I won't give up': Syrian woman creates doll to help kids raised in conflict"
3591:
3114:
An 1810 map of the Ottoman Empire in Asia, showing the region of Ottoman Syria
1122:
963:
of southern Turkey. This late definition is equivalent to the region known in
11757:
11674:
11300:
11280:
11215:
11167:
11081:
10837:
10713:
10206:
10201:
10186:
10024:
10001:
9969:
9934:
9870:
9812:
9782:
8439:
8241:
8055:
7879:
7739:
7376:
7064:
6770:
6635:
6621:
6053:
5744:
5319:
5109:
4264:
4136:
3957:
Syria-Palestine in The Late Bronze Age: An Anthropology of Politics and Power
3782:
3334:
3326:
3298:
3290:
3245:
3028:, while Jerusalem consisted of the land south of the Galilee and west of the
3013:
3004:
2998:
2990:
2957:
2925:
2902:
2882:
2878:
2699:
2492:
2465:
2426:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2304:
2188:
2079:
1950:
1410:
1367:, and henceforth the Greeks applied the term without distinction between the
1316:
1297:
868:
793:
749:
622:
449:
382:
117:
104:
90:
6235:
6102:
The third holiest city of Islam—Jerusalem—is also very much in the center...
5852:
5423:
In the Shadow of the Church: The Building of Mosques in Early Medieval Syria
4427:(in English and Arabic). The Ahmadiyyah Anjuman Ish'at Islam. p. 1247.
3889:
1402:
in the 5th century BC, Syria extended as far north as the Halys (the modern
496:
in the 5th century BC, Syria extended as far north as the Halys (the modern
11709:
11350:
11210:
11205:
11061:
10987:
10939:
10535:
10196:
10007:
9651:
9158:
8603:
8246:
8216:
7566:
6904:
6541:
6468:
6440:
6399:
6361:
6201:
5152:
5026:
4755:
4110:
3788:
3765:
3753:
3745:
3575:
3511:
3425:
3384:
3273:
3029:
2941:
2862:
2750:
2473:
2071:
1986:
1656:
1607:
785:
777:
691:
686:
In the most common historical sense, 'Syria' refers to the entire northern
334:
5720:
The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status
4283:
3325:
and finally became the independent Syria in 1946. Throughout this period,
428:
and finally became the independent Syria in 1946. Throughout this period,
11325:
11182:
11029:
11024:
10970:
10949:
10702:
10474:
10457:
9900:
9860:
9792:
9787:
8598:
7909:
7483:
7453:
6971:
6532:
5766:
The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine
5205:
The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700
4188:
3876:
3840:
3479:
3306:
3190:
3097:
3040:
2886:
2853:
2840:
2800:
2790:
2782:
2707:
2703:
2636:
2339:
2271:
2193:
2004:
1962:
1636:
1352:
1026:
923:, Ḥusn Mansur, Zabatra, Jersoon, al-Leen, al-Bedandour, Cirra and Touleb.
789:
703:
699:
634:
485:
401:
397:
354:
346:
338:
330:
318:
5622:. In Murphy, Alexander B.; Johnson, Douglas L.; Haarmann, Viola (eds.).
5049:. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 47–50.
3717:
1613:
The Shaam region is sometimes defined as the area that was dominated by
1432:. Modern scholarship confirms the Greek word traces back to the cognate
769:, after 1516, to designate the approximate area included in present-day
11260:
11177:
11172:
11101:
9835:
9797:
9656:
9023:
8906:
United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority
8870:
8593:
7443:
7438:
6775:
6667:
5981:
5261:
4680:. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 295–314.
4670:
Russell, Josiah C. (1985). "The Population of the Crusader States". In
3792:
3546:
3456:
3044:
2867:
2730:
2203:
2118:
2012:
1938:
1664:
1364:
840:
610:
5985:
were, prayed for its restoration." Roger Friedland, Richard D. Hecht.
5794:
3341:, Cyprus, modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, the
864:
10944:
10181:
9890:
9028:
8122:
6591:
6506:
6502:
6180:
5594:
5467:
Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia
4592:
4299:
4152:
3991:
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: C. 8000–332 BCE
3961:
3727:
3691:
3446:
3017:
2947:
2718:
2324:
2256:
2083:
1990:
1704:
1696:
1442:
1422:
1399:
1341:
1327:
1261:
1065:
876:
856:
848:
753:
676:
493:
474:
460:
289:
5832:
3286:
3181:, states the date of the Declaration of Independence on 8 March 1920
1250:
1025:, which eventually replaced the Arabic name of Bilad al-Sham. After
633:, which eventually replaced the Arabic name of Bilad al-Sham. After
11684:
11393:
10889:
9830:
9820:
8542:
8066:
7542:
7187:
7040:
6877:
6190:
and the Rise of Arab Nationalism", University of Texas Press, 2005.
5916:
5470:
5076:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. pp. 12–182.
4399:
4081:
4041:
4028:
Rollinger, Robert (2006). "The terms "Assyria" and "Syria" again".
3530:
3489:
3060:
2819:
2236:
2226:
2008:
1974:
1966:
1942:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1503:
1372:
1165:
1133:
1053:
1049:
916:
872:
812:
366:
8876:
Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
7387:
6704:
5869:
Rachel weeping: Jews, Christians, and Muslims at the Fortress Tomb
5565:
5366:
Rachel weeping: Jews, Christians, and Muslims at the Fortress Tomb
3799:’s disembarkation. In their belief, it is also the location where
3467:, which is revered by members of all three faiths. Another is the
900:
10635:
9696:
9661:
9598:
9038:
8097:
7576:
7216:
6959:
6782:
6455:
6086:
Brown, Leon Carl (2000). "Setting the Stage: Islam and Muslims".
5586:
5233:
National Spiritual Assembly of the United States (January 1966).
3835:
3761:
3741:
3709:
Moses), which is considered by Muslims to be the burial place of
3706:
3687:
3631:
3619:
3460:
3346:
3072:
3052:
3048:
3025:
3021:
3008:
2874:
2843:
became a province of the Roman Empire, following the conquest by
2829:
2815:
2032:
1946:
1708:
1444:
1429:
1395:
1348:
1202:
920:
860:
836:
832:
788:, 'Syria' and 'Assyria' began to refer to two separate entities,
695:
540:
481:
314:
175:
134:
6080:
The Night Journey made Jerusalem the third holiest city in Islam
2860:. Sometime between 330 and 350 (likely c. 341), the province of
2729:
to refer to the stretch of land from the Halys river, including
1754:
819:
visited the region in 1150 and assigned the northern regions of
10878:
10826:
10237:
10191:
9865:
9850:
7790:
7418:
7182:
7035:
6787:
6735:
6645:
6488:
5689:
5566:"Beauty of restored Shrine set to dazzle visitors and pilgrims"
5553:
5117:
4169:
3879:
3677:
3666:
3656:
3601:
3579:
3411:
3033:
2844:
2762:
2276:
2261:
2241:
2122:
1918:
1700:
1312:
1229:
1197:
1138:
1106:
1061:
1057:
912:
908:
904:
892:
884:
880:
828:
687:
658:
654:
548:
544:
445:
294:
214:
162:
149:
9449:
Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority
4658:
The Cambridge Ancient History XI: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192
4490:
3987:
3335:
etymological connection between the name "Syria" and "Assyria"
3333:, envisioned "Greater Syria" or "Natural Syria", based on the
3299:
etymological connection between the name "Syria" and "Assyria"
1680:
1655:, with a different initial consonant and without any internal
393:, which eventually replaced the Arabic name of Bilad al-Sham.
11488:
10105:
9855:
9727:
9585:
9234:
9043:
8948:
8943:
8662:
6427:
6110:
The Holy City: Jerusalem in the Theology of the Old Testament
6001:
The Holy City: Jerusalem in the theology of the Old Testament
5977:
5325:
4132:
4116:
A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered
3749:
3710:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3615:
3583:
3563:
3515:
3429:
3342:
3232:, in breach of the conditions of the mandate, subdivided the
3080:
2266:
2126:
2024:
1922:
1630:
1234:
1170:
1101:
1045:
888:
844:
536:
201:
31:
6150:
5259:
4860:
Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia
4460:
The Pagan God: Popular Religion in the Greco-Roman Near East
2694:
2031:, while Twelver Shiites are mainly concentrated in parts of
1282:
563:. This late definition is equivalent to the region known in
9845:
9424:
4148:
4144:
3796:
3696:
Near the city of Jericho in the West Bank is the shrine of
3639:
3452:
3076:
2952:
2935:
2281:
2251:
2114:
1356:
489:
322:
6137:
Anderson, Robert T., "Mount Gerizim: Navel of the World",
5799:. Jersey City, NJ: KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 4.
5587:
Breger, M. J.; Hammer, L.; Reiter, Y. (16 December 2009).
5451:
4227:
3321:. The Syrian-mandate states were gradually unified as the
2702:
was an important trading center, and a prosperous city in
2023:) minorities. Alawites and Ismaili Shiites mainly inhabit
2003:
in the 7th century. The majority of Levantine Muslims are
698:
or in an extended sense the entire Levant as far south as
424:. The Syrian-mandate states were gradually unified as the
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
3506:. It is believed to house the remains of Zechariah's son
3264:(1920) which later became the modern country of Lebanon.
1741:
5169:
4814:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 70.
4660:, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 827–54.
3875:
In the Hebrew language, mayim (מַיִם) means "water". In
1999:
became the predominant religion in the region after the
357:
and Syria Secunda emerged out of Coele Syria. After the
4718:
1617:, long an important regional center. In fact, the word
6015:
The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Middle East Conflict
5926:. Jerusalem: Sacred-destinations.com. 21 February 2010
5465:. In Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E. (eds.).
5426:. Arts and Archaeology of the Islamic World (Book 8).
4248:
3983:
3981:
1276:
1271:
1244:
1239:
1212:
1207:
1180:
1175:
1148:
1143:
1116:
1111:
435:
5301:
5262:"Baháʼí Holy Places in Haifa and the Western Galilee"
4643:"Late Ottoman population and its ethnic distribution"
3134:
1740:
meaning "sky". For instance, the Hebrew word for the
329:, the term Syria was applied to the entire Levant as
5073:
White Banners: Contention in 'Abbāsid Syria, 750–880
3172:
1649:
1600:
1562:
1548:
1535:
943:, "Syria" meant a region located to the east of the
742:
728:
714:
519:, "Syria" meant a region located to the east of the
275:
6088:
Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics
5306:
5304:
5194:
5192:
4294:
4292:
4068:Frye, R. N. (1992). "Assyria and Syria: Synonyms".
3978:
3471:(of Jesus), revered by Christians, and nearby, the
361:, the term was superseded by the Arabic equivalent
11499:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
10821:
5830:
4773:
3039:Although the region's population was dominated by
2038:Levantine Christian groups are plenty and include
1961:. Other minor ethnic groups in the Levant include
1580:
1347:, both of which originally derived from Aššūrāyu (
480:, both of which originally derived from Aššūrāyu (
5654:Hebron Journal: Stories of Nonviolent Peacemaking
5346:The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary
1625:. Continuing with the similar contrasting theme,
667:Map depicting Syria as the land ranging from the
11755:
6151:UNESCO World Heritage Centre (11 October 2017).
5908:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5405:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5189:
4999:
4997:
4456:
4289:
4163:, from which it occasionally found its way into
3888:) and the earth below was covered by sea-water (
3518:, like his father. The city is also home to the
951:, north of the Arabian Desert, and south of the
5685:The Druzes in the Jewish State: A Brief History
5339:
5337:
5139:
5033:
4524:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
2810:describes as including, from west to east, the
1453:The classical Arabic pronunciation of Syria is
807:to the south, Mesopotamia to the east, and the
432:advocated for the creation of a Greater Syria.
317:, an ancient civilization centered in northern
5989:, University of California Press, 2000, p. 8.
5859:
5750:Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine
5283:"The Great Mosque of Aleppo | Muslim Heritage"
5275:
5003:
4674:; Zacour, Norman P.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.).
4593:Caplice, Richard I.; Snell, Daniel C. (1988).
3451:Bethlehem has sites which are significant for
1917:The largest religious group in the Levant are
1610:denoting Yemen, by translation of that sense.
831:and Cyprus; and in Levantine lands: Antarsus,
11529:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
10976:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
10905:
10807:
9712:
8558:
8082:
7403:
6720:
6265:
6251:
5763:
5757:
5675:
5356:
5165:
5163:
4994:
4890:
4836:"Christian Population of Middle East in 2014"
3363:The region has sites that are significant to
2877:, and Syria II or Salutaris, with capital at
2749:were used almost interchangeably, but in the
2665:
2113:Other religious groups in the Levant include
5890:. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020
5681:
5413:
5387:. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020
5334:
5260:UNESCO World Heritage Centre (8 July 2008).
5198:
4626:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4562:The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus
4387:
4155:and Western European usage, and also in the
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
3921:
3908:
3661:Hittin is near what is believed to near the
3578:. Being associated with the Biblical figure
3572:is located. It is holy to the Baháʼí Faith.
3420:, which is believed to house the remains of
3267:
1781:Historical population of the region of Syria
1643:
1593:
1555:
1541:
1530:
1511:
1497:
1491:
1481:. In English, "Syrian" historically meant a
1467:
1455:
996:
990:
976:
969:
735:
721:
707:
592:
569:
500:) and as far south as Arabia and Egypt. For
60:
41:"Shaam" redirects here. For other uses, see
5108:
5039:
4920:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4558:
3043:, it also contained sizable populations of
1334:
1320:
555:, and parts of Southern Turkey, namely the
467:
453:
10912:
10898:
10814:
10800:
9719:
9705:
8565:
8551:
8089:
8075:
7410:
7396:
6727:
6713:
6258:
6244:
6029:Jerusalem: Points of Friction – And Beyond
5959:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5837:. Syracuse University Press. p. 296.
5831:Marshall J., Breger; Ahimeir, Ora (2002).
5737:
5611:
5580:
5568:. Baháʼí World News Service. 12 April 2011
5457:
5253:
5160:
5145:
5130:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4599:. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. p. 6.
4518:
4463:. Princeton University Press. p. 27.
4393:
3949:
3947:
2832:, one of ancient Syria's wealthiest cities
2672:
2658:
1929:, who derive their ancestry from the many
1574:
1033:, and the contemporaneous but short-lived
6208:Greater Syria: the History of an Ambition
6090:. Columbia University Press. p. 11.
6031:, Brill Academic Publishers, 2000, p. 1.
5924:"Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem"
5865:
5723:. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 28–30.
5507:
5487:
5362:
4980:. Oxford University Press. p. 1999.
4745:
4491:Beattie, Andrew; Pepper, Timothy (2001).
4369:Younger, K. Lawson Jr. (7 October 2016).
4096:
4027:
3988:Killebrew, A. E.; Steiner, M. L. (2014).
3352:
3236:into six states. They were the states of
760:(or Levant) and Western Mesopotamia. The
353:. Under the Byzantines, the provinces of
11609:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
11539:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
11504:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
6141:Vol. 43, No. 4 (Autumn 1980), pp 217–218
6052:
5944:
5716:
5710:
5644:
5558:
5419:
5170:World Heritage Committee (2 July 2007).
5063:
4953:. Oxford University Press. p. 748.
4828:
3806:
3771:
3740:for the three major Abrahamic religions—
3716:
3676:
3645:
3590:
3552:
3478:
3435:
3400:
3285:
3152:
2824:
2794:
2693:
1953:and Naqab, and speak a dialect known as
1406:) and as far south as Arabia and Egypt.
1042:largest metropolitan areas in the region
1031:French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
867:, Astroboli; and in the interior lands:
662:
641:and the contemporaneous but short-lived
639:French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
11484:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
11469:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
10415:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
8715:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
8668:Palestinian Declaration of Independence
6060:What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam
5967:
5620:"Sharing Sacred Space in the Holy Land"
5102:
4973:
4967:
4946:
4804:
4768:
4669:
4373:. Atlanta, GA: SBL Press. p. 551.
4368:
3944:
3801:Abraham almost sacrificed his son Isaac
3297:map of a "Natural Syria", based on the
3217:, in July 1920, in which French armies
3187:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
3177:), showing the declared borders of the
3141:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
1621:, on its own, can refer to the city of
1585:), with the same semantic development.
1525:Greater Syria has been widely known as
1502:) has come into common use since as an
1386:. In this inscription, the Luwian word
1307:Several sources indicate that the name
440:Several sources indicate that the name
18:Greater Syria in pan-Syrian nationalism
14:
11756:
11479:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
9001:Legal status of the State of Palestine
6144:
5743:
5617:
5226:
4702:"Syria Population - Our World in Data"
4341:
4286:Washington, Library of Congress, 1987.
4206:
4109:
2923:, and became known as the province of
2893:out of territory from both provinces.
2889:carved out the small coastal province
1794:
1029:, the name 'Syria' was applied to the
827:In the Levantine sea are two islands:
10893:
10795:
10423:Political status of the Golan Heights
9700:
8783:2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza
8546:
8190:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon
8163:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon
8070:
7675:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
7391:
6708:
6239:
6200:
6112:. Michael Glazier Books. p. 14.
6107:
6085:
5792:
5536:
5513:
5493:
4856:
4712:
4298:
4231:The Middle East and North Africa 2004
4186:
3931:Central Conference of American Rabbis
10919:
9414:Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation
8896:Palestinian National Security Forces
8673:Years in the Palestinian territories
8572:
8096:
5938:
5651:Gish, Arthur G. (20 December 2018).
5650:
5545:
5069:
4223:
4221:
4202:
4200:
4190:The History of Herodotus (Rawlinson)
4182:
4180:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
3953:
3673:). It is holy to Druze and Muslims.
3393:, which is the holiest site for the
2736:
1692:'Lord of Heaven(s)'), was a
1673:
1575:
1506:to avoid the ambiguity of "Syrian".
815:to the north. The Muslim geographer
637:, the name Syria was applied to the
337:, the term was used to refer to the
313:The term is originally derived from
257:
27:Region east of the Mediterranean Sea
11519:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
7417:
6734:
6177:Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
6064:. Oxford University Press. p.
6043:
5824:
5786:
4894:(March 1998). "Book 5 Section 66".
4419:
4228:Taylor & Francis Group (2003).
3359:Religious significance of Jerusalem
3225:Damascus, aborting the Arab state.
3162:
3157:Book of the Independence of Syria (
1644:
1594:
1556:
1542:
1531:
1498:
1003:Islamic conquest of Byzantine Syria
997:
977:
736:
722:
708:
607:Islamic conquest of Byzantine Syria
602:
580:
436:Etymology and evolution of the term
265:
61:
24:
11459:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
10981:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
9726:
6895:National parks and nature reserves
6194:
6153:"Mount Gerizim and the Samaritans"
4726:American Journal of Human Genetics
4234:. Psychology Press. p. 1015.
3954:Pfoh, Emanuel (22 February 2016).
3135:Arab Kingdom and French occupation
2915:after the Muslim victory over the
2765:, while "Assyria" was part of the
1789:
1409:The name 'Syria' derives from the
1315:term "Sura/i", and the derivative
448:term "Sura/i", and the derivative
25:
11855:
11819:History of Kahramanmaraş Province
11524:Palestine Liberation Organization
9464:International aid to Palestinians
8020:List of prime ministers of Jordan
4857:Shoup, John A (31 October 2011).
4640:
4342:Harper, Douglas (November 2001).
4218:
4197:
4177:
4056:
4012:
3795:and providing the first land for
3736:is home to many sites of seminal
3582:, it is important to Christians,
3313:, various Syrian-mandate states,
3221:the newly proclaimed kingdom and
3203:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
3149:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
3100:, showing Ottoman Syria in yellow
2939:or military districts. They were
2933:, the Shām was divided into five
2561:Independent First Syrian Republic
1925:. Levantines predominantly speak
1921:and the largest ethnic group are
1766:) means "fire", i.e. "sky-fire".
1005:in the seventh century, the name
11738:
11737:
11464:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
11147:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
10877:
10104:
9678:
9459:Diplomatic missions in Palestine
9454:Diplomatic missions of Palestine
9444:Palestine and the United Nations
6346:
6003:, Liturgical Press, 2000, p. 6.
5980:seized the crown and united the
5866:Strickert, Frederick M. (2007).
5834:Jerusalem: A City and Its Future
5530:10.1111/j.1548-744X.2009.01015.x
5363:Strickert, Frederick M. (2007).
4974:Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991).
4947:Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991).
4394:Tardif, P. (17 September 2017).
3120:
3106:
3088:
2984:
2971:(for the area of Jordan). Later
2896:
2713:
2641:
2630:
2161:
1931:ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
1477:, "Syrian" meant "Christian" in
1363:, this term was also applied to
1281:
1249:
1217:
1185:
1153:
1121:
720:); also called "Natural Syria" (
207:
194:
181:
168:
155:
142:
83:
11107:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
8959:Palestinian National Initiative
8901:Palestinian Preventive Security
8843:Palestinian Legislative Council
6131:
5430:; Lam edition. pp. 30–31.
5090:
4940:
4928:
4884:
4850:
4798:
4762:
4694:
4663:
4650:
4634:
4586:
4552:
4484:
4450:
4441:
4413:
4362:
4330:
4276:
4070:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
4030:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
3869:
3331:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
3228:Thereafter, the French general
2822:, "formerly known as Assyria".
2092:Levantines or Franco-Levantines
1776:Demographics of the Middle East
1769:
706:. The area of "Greater Syria" (
11794:Historical geography of Israel
11549:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
11311:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
9179:Palestinian citizens of Israel
8991:Palestinian political violence
6664:Palestinian National Authority
5764:Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987).
5494:Birke, Sarah (2 August 2013),
4977:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
4950:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
4811:A History of Islamic Societies
4209:"Assyria and Syria: Synonyms?"
4119:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 61–62.
3163:ذِكْرَى اِسْتِقْلَال سُوْرِيَا
2776:
752:province of the medieval Arab
292:, broadly synonymous with the
13:
1:
11824:History of Gaziantep Province
11799:History of Palestine (region)
11789:Historical geography of Syria
8858:Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)
7833:Private Hospitals Association
6049:Third-holiest city in Islam:
6017:, Alpha Books, 2002, p. 330.
4497:. Rough Guides. p. 290.
3901:
2690:History of the ancient Levant
2029:Syrian Coastal Mountain Range
2001:Muslim conquest of the Levant
1390:was translated to Phoenician
762:Muslim conquest of the Levant
359:Muslim conquest of the Levant
11784:Geography of the Middle East
11494:Federation of Arab Republics
11454:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
11444:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
11045:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
10993:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
10563:Energy and mineral resources
10363:Supreme Constitutional Court
9136:Palestine Monetary Authority
8838:Palestinian National Council
8799:Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash
6812:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
6676:Israeli-occupied territories
6418:Basilica of the Annunciation
6408:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
6170:
5973:Since the 10th century BCE:
5554:http://cemoti.revues.org/138
4273:, Volume 9 (1997), page 261.
3758:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
2945:(for the area of Damascus),
1681:
1581:
1443:
1423:
1342:
1328:
1291:
961:Southeastern Anatolia Region
959:and the western half of the
748:), extends roughly over the
648:
561:Southeastern Anatolia Region
559:and the western half of the
475:
461:
7:
11619:Flag of the Arab Federation
11449:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
11439:Arab Socialist Action Party
10585:Water supply and sanitation
10485:Weapons of mass destruction
10388:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
9129:Water supply and sanitation
8986:Palestinian right of return
8643:History of the Palestinians
8168:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
7765:Water supply and sanitation
7469:Ikhwan raids on Transjordan
7147:Water supply and sanitation
6655:Jordanian rule of West Bank
5013:. London: Committee of the
4348:Online Etymology Dictionary
3818:
3173:
3007:times, it was divided into
2104:Assyrian Church of the East
1650:
1601:
1563:
1549:
1536:
1512:
1509:Currently, the Arabic term
1492:
1468:
1456:
991:
970:
935:, Syria covered the entire
743:
729:
715:
605:"left, north")). After the
593:
570:
535:, thereby including modern
508:, Syria covered the entire
276:
10:
11860:
11829:History of Mersin Province
11590:On the Way of Resurrection
11583:The Battle for One Destiny
11514:Lebanese National Movement
10955:Third International Theory
10480:Chief of the General Staff
10408:National Progressive Front
10080:independent First Republic
9314:Postage stamps and history
8820:West Bank (SOP-controlled)
7995:List of airports in Jordan
7501:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
6824:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
5945:Frishman, Avraham (2004),
5146:Ya'ari, Ehud (June 1987).
5015:Palestine Exploration Fund
4738:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.05.008
4161:Eastern Christian churches
3752:. These sites include the
3526:the grand-daughter of the
3356:
3271:
3138:
2988:
2900:
2780:
2726:
2683:
2132:
1773:
1295:
1001:"left, north"). After the
773:, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon.
723:سُوْرِيَّة ٱلطَّبِيْعِيَّة
652:
40:
29:
11834:History of Hatay Province
11814:History of Adana Province
11733:
11642:
11599:
11567:
11544:Unified Political Command
11434:Arab Nationalist Movement
11379:
11331:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
11191:
11160:
11127:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
10998:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
10963:
10927:
10874:
10833:
10758:
10679:
10606:
10597:
10555:
10506:
10497:
10448:
10263:
10254:
10215:
10164:
10126:
10122:
10113:
10102:
10034:
10017:
9919:
9811:
9765:
9747:
9738:
9674:
9634:
9584:
9577:
9472:
9434:
9354:
9249:universities and colleges
9144:
9084:
9014:
8928:International recognition
8914:
8888:
8856:
8818:
8811:
8791:
8768:
8760:Dawson's Field hijackings
8750:
8690:
8683:
8581:
8504:
8420:
8411:
8356:
8347:
8278:
8269:
8207:
8198:
8108:
8028:
8005:List of castles in Jordan
7987:
7944:
7870:
7786:
7777:
7715:
7706:
7603:
7594:
7528:
7519:
7429:
7349:
7267:
7168:
7159:
7092:
7083:
7006:
6933:
6924:
6853:
6844:
6746:
6684:
6481:
6454:
6426:
6398:
6370:
6355:
6344:
6274:
6108:Hoppe, Leslie J. (2000).
5753:. London: Luzac & Co.
5659:Wipf and Stock Publishers
5420:Guidetti, Mattia (2016).
5041:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya
4935:A commentary on the Bible
4900:. University of Chicago.
4780:. Da Capo Press. p.
4457:Teixidor, Javier (2015).
3994:. OUP Oxford. p. 2.
3424:, who is revered in both
3268:In pan-Syrian nationalism
3003:In the later ages of the
2088:Armenian Apostolic Church
1910:
1807:—
1748:, where "shem/sham" from
1711:. Hence, Sham refers to (
1437:
1418:
1335:
1321:
468:
454:
349:, and to the province of
249:
133:
98:
82:
55:
11052:1952 Egyptian revolution
9409:Palestine–Israel Journal
8158:Emirate of Mount Lebanon
8010:List of cities in Jordan
6499:Ancient Israel and Judah
5628:Rowman & Littlefield
5618:Emmett, Chad F. (2000).
5502:New York Review of Books
5136:Translated and Reprinted
4647:Corrected population M8.
4596:Introduction to Akkadian
4525:Dirven, Lucinda (1999).
4494:The Rough Guide to Syria
4284:Lebanon: A Country Study
3862:
3345:region of Iran, and the
3209:at the 19–26 April 1920
2787:Assyria (Roman province)
2287:Late Bronze Age collapse
2108:Chaldean Catholic Church
1520:
1302:
694:and the Ancient City of
93:in 1851, by Henry Warren
59:
11705:Palestinian nationalism
11624:Flag of the Arab Revolt
11117:1966 Syrian coup d'état
11097:1963 Syrian coup d'état
11077:1961 Syrian coup d'état
9990:Principality of Antioch
9419:Palestinian Media Watch
9403:The Palestine Telegraph
8792:Hamas-Salafist conflict
8710:1948 Palestinian exodus
8705:1947–1949 Palestine war
8653:Palestinian nationalism
8015:List of kings of Jordan
8000:List of banks in Jordan
7979:Prince Hassan bin Talal
7132:Tel Aviv Stock Exchange
6660:Palestinian territories
6214:Oxford University Press
6186:Michael Provence, "The
5235:"Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh"
5210:Oxford University Press
3535:Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque
3252:(1921), the autonomous
3234:French Mandate of Syria
3213:, and subsequently the
2847:. Roman Syria bordered
2451:Principality of Antioch
1554:), of the more typical
1311:itself is derived from
444:itself is derived from
430:pan-Syrian nationalists
408:, various states under
11132:1969 Libyan revolution
11010:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
10531:International rankings
10177:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
9841:Middle Assyrian Empire
9211:Costume and embroidery
9164:Palestinian Christians
8371:International rankings
8212:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
7464:Emirate of Transjordan
7122:Science and technology
7026:Intelligence Community
6646:Modern state of Israel
6413:Church of the Nativity
6375:Cave of the Patriarchs
6139:Biblical Archaeologist
5287:www.muslimheritage.com
5114:The Genesis of Nations
5070:Cobb, Paul M. (2001).
4706:www.ourworldindata.org
4565:. BRILL. p. 126.
4270:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3856:Wildlife of the Levant
3826:Cradle of civilization
3811:
3776:
3721:
3681:
3650:
3612:Cave of the Patriarchs
3595:
3557:
3520:Sayyidah Zainab Mosque
3483:
3475:, revered by Muslims.
3469:Church of the Nativity
3440:
3405:
3353:Religious significance
3337:, as encompassing the
3319:Emirate of Transjordan
3301:
3254:Sanjak of Alexandretta
3182:
3174:Dhikrā Istiqlāl Sūriyā
2833:
2803:
2710:
2569:Second Syrian Republic
2247:Middle Assyrian Empire
1569:, is also attested in
1475:Syriac Orthodox Church
1463:Modern Standard Arabic
925:
863:, al-Batira, al-Mira,
734:) or "Northern Land" (
709:سُوْرِيَّة ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ
683:
490:Iraq and greater Syria
418:Emirate of Transjordan
43:Shaam (disambiguation)
36:Syria (disambiguation)
34:. For other uses, see
11839:History of the Levant
11690:Jordanian nationalism
11424:Arab Islamic Republic
11419:Arab Higher Committee
11296:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
11276:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
11087:North Yemen civil war
11020:Arab–Israeli conflict
10868:Southeastern Anatolia
10336:Government ministries
9886:Neo-Babylonian Empire
8335:Speaker of Parliament
7608:Royal Hashemite Court
7474:Arab–Israeli conflict
7459:Sykes–Picot Agreement
7048:Israel Defense Forces
6807:Arab–Israeli conflict
6651:Egyptian rule of Gaza
6516:Neo-Babylonian Empire
6338:Historical literature
6323:Geographic definition
5947:Kum Hisalech Be'aretz
5793:Rivka, Gonen (2003).
5682:Firro, K. M. (1999).
5497:Damascus: What's Left
4531:. BRILL. p. 76.
4421:Ali, Maulana Muhammad
4263:Article "AL-SHĀM" by
4207:Joseph, John (2008).
3810:
3775:
3720:
3680:
3649:
3594:
3556:
3545:, both sites holy to
3482:
3439:
3404:
3391:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh
3289:
3282:Arab Kingdom of Syria
3278:Fertile Crescent Plan
3207:Mandate for Palestine
3199:Arab Kingdom of Syria
3156:
3145:Arab Kingdom of Syria
2828:
2798:
2781:Further information:
2697:
2684:Further information:
2514:Arab Kingdom of Syria
2320:Neo-Babylonian Empire
2086:mostly belong to the
1035:Arab Kingdom of Syria
825:
758:Eastern Mediterranean
666:
653:Further information:
643:Arab Kingdom of Syria
422:Arab Kingdom of Syria
412:, British-controlled
410:Mandatory French rule
341:, later divided into
298:. Other synonyms are
11725:Tunisian nationalism
11695:Lebanese nationalism
11655:Egyptian nationalism
11650:Algerian nationalism
11554:United Arab Republic
11429:Arab Liberation Army
11409:Arab Ba'ath Movement
11266:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
10823:Geographical regions
10648:(2011–present)
10544:Securities Exchange
10295:Council of Ministers
10050:Haj Fadel Government
9076:World Heritage Sites
9071:Depopulated villages
8770:Fatah–Hamas conflict
8648:Slavery in Palestine
7927:World Heritage Sites
7337:World Heritage Sites
6994:System of government
6761:Second Temple period
6494:New Kingdom of Egypt
6446:Great Mosque of Gaza
6289:History of Palestine
6183:(4th edition, 1994).
5630:. pp. 271–291.
5597:. pp. 231–246.
5473:. pp. 119–126.
5459:Abu-Lughod, Janet L.
5343:Abdullah Yusuf Ali,
4808:(13 October 2014) .
4559:J.F. Healey (2001).
4282:Thomas Collelo, ed.
3738:religious importance
3586:, Jews and Muslims.
3510:, who is revered in
3416:Aleppo is home to a
3389:Acre is home to the
2812:Kingdom of Commagene
2698:The ancient city of
2577:United Arab Republic
1719:). Moreover; in the
1633:held for the south.
1413:name for Assyrians,
1359:However, during the
730:Sūrīyah aṭ-Ṭabīʿīyah
679:, but not including
308:Syrian Arab Republic
284:located east of the
11779:Geography of Jordan
11715:Sahrawi nationalism
11072:1959 Mosul uprising
11005:Great Syrian Revolt
10324:Golan Heights claim
9881:Neo-Assyrian Empire
9876:Syro-Hittite states
9766:Prehistorical Syria
9652:Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)
9333:Religious buildings
9006:Anti-Palestinianism
8692:Israeli–Palestinian
7860:Freedom of religion
6512:Neo-Assyrian Empire
6188:Great Syrian Revolt
5696:. pp. 22–240.
5692:, The Netherlands:
5148:"Behind the Terror"
4314:on 20 February 1999
3846:Names of the Levant
3568:Haifa is where the
3365:Abrahamic religions
3329:and his party, the
3315:Mandatory Palestine
3256:(1921) (modern-day
3211:San Remo conference
2686:Syro-Hittite states
2315:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2310:Syro-Hittite states
1957:that originated in
1782:
1461:(as opposed to the
1380:Hieroglyphic Luwian
1371:of Mesopotamia and
1021:or the modern form
891:, Rafeqa, al-Jisr,
756:, encompassing the
629:or the modern form
609:in the 7th century
414:Mandatory Palestine
389:or the modern form
234:Hieroglyphic Luwian
114: /
11844:Historical regions
11804:History of Lebanon
11774:Geography of Syria
11720:Syrian nationalism
11700:Libyan nationalism
11660:Greater Mauritania
11576:The Arab Awakening
11559:United Arab States
11534:Rejectionist Front
11341:Gamal Abdel Nasser
11152:Yemeni unification
11142:Lebanese Civil War
11122:17 July Revolution
11092:Ramadan Revolution
11067:14 July Revolution
10575:Telecommunications
10568:Petroleum industry
10072:Mandatory Republic
10018:Early modern Syria
9773:Levantine corridor
8924:State of Palestine
8384:Telecommunications
7750:Telecommunications
7249:Standard of living
6672:State of Palestine
6585:Palaestina Secunda
6533:Hellenistic Greece
5542:Burns, 2005, p.88.
5517:City & Society
4672:Setton, Kenneth M.
4336:First proposed by
4308:Fordham University
4304:"Herodotus VII.63"
3922:Mustafa Abu Sway.
3812:
3777:
3722:
3682:
3651:
3596:
3558:
3484:
3463:. One of these is
3441:
3406:
3349:region of Turkey.
3302:
3183:
2913:Rashidun Caliphate
2909:region was annexed
2834:
2804:
2711:
2648:History portal
2572:(1950–58, 1961–63)
2548:Mandatory Republic
2179:Levantine corridor
1949:Arabs inhabit the
1933:who inhabited the
1780:
1758:) means "sky" and
1479:early Christianity
817:Muhammad al-Idrisi
684:
379:Fatimid caliphates
327:Hellenistic period
11809:History of Jordan
11751:
11750:
11680:Iraqi nationalism
11371:Constantin Zureiq
11221:Abdul Rahman Arif
11201:Butrus al-Bustani
10887:
10886:
10789:
10788:
10754:
10753:
10593:
10592:
10493:
10492:
10382:Political parties
10319:Foreign relations
10250:
10249:
10246:
10245:
10100:
10099:
10060:Syrian Federation
9995:County of Tripoli
9950:Ikhshidid dynasty
9803:Yarmukian culture
9694:
9693:
9670:
9669:
9604:Afro-Palestinians
9397:Ma'an News Agency
9275:Mental healthcare
9255:Flag of Palestine
8934:Political parties
8884:
8883:
8807:
8806:
8720:First Lebanon War
8540:
8539:
8500:
8499:
8407:
8406:
8343:
8342:
8320:Political parties
8293:Foreign relations
8265:
8264:
8064:
8063:
7940:
7939:
7828:medical education
7773:
7772:
7702:
7701:
7682:Political parties
7590:
7589:
7385:
7384:
7345:
7344:
7155:
7154:
7075:West Bank barrier
7002:
7001:
6955:Foreign relations
6920:
6919:
6702:
6701:
6537:Hasmonean dynasty
6477:
6476:
6227:978-0-19-506022-5
6054:Esposito, John L.
5987:To Rule Jerusalem
5887:978-0-8146-5987-8
5779:978-9-0040-7929-8
5730:978-1-9039-0036-9
5717:Dana, N. (2003).
5668:978-1-5326-6213-3
5637:978-0-7425-0106-5
5604:978-1-1352-6812-1
5480:978-1-5760-7919-5
5437:978-9-0043-2570-8
5384:978-0-8146-5987-8
5219:978-0-1915-2867-5
5097:Itamar Rabinovich
4987:978-0-19-504652-6
4960:978-0-19-504652-6
4870:978-1-59884-362-0
4821:978-0-521-51430-9
4791:978-0-306-81728-1
4645:. pp. 29–31.
4538:978-90-04-11589-7
4241:978-1-85743-184-1
4157:Syriac literature
4126:978-1-86064-912-7
4001:978-0-19-921297-2
3971:978-1-3173-9230-9
3816:
3815:
3570:Shrine of the Báb
3309:and divided into
3215:Franco-Syrian War
3171:
3024:southward to the
2979:Abbasid Caliphate
2961:(for the area of
2951:(for the area of
2931:Umayyad Caliphate
2921:Battle of Yarmouk
2737:Hellenistic Syria
2682:
2681:
2591:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2532:Syrian Federation
2518:
2497:
2478:
2470:
2456:County of Tripoli
2407:Ikhshidid dynasty
2371:
2209:Yarmukian culture
2102:belonging to the
2098:. There are also
2096:Roman Catholicism
2090:. There are also
1959:Arabian Peninsula
1945:. Others such as
1935:ancient Near East
1915:
1914:
1691:
1679:
1571:Old South Arabian
1487:Ephrem the Syrian
1289:
1288:
945:Mediterranean Sea
823:as the following:
803:to the west, the
801:Mediterranean Sea
681:Upper Mesopotamia
531:and south of the
521:Mediterranean Sea
404:and divided into
339:province of Syria
286:Mediterranean Sea
282:historical region
274:
227:
226:
16:(Redirected from
11851:
11741:
11740:
11614:Eagle of Saladin
11321:Amin al-Husseini
11286:Faisal I of Iraq
11256:Sultan al-Atrash
11251:Mansur al-Atrash
11226:Abdul Salam Arif
11035:War of Attrition
10921:Arab nationalism
10914:
10907:
10900:
10891:
10890:
10882:
10881:
10853:Eastern Anatolia
10848:Central Anatolia
10816:
10809:
10802:
10793:
10792:
10774:
10767:
10649:
10604:
10603:
10547:
10546:(stock exchange)
10539:
10504:
10503:
10417:
10410:
10401:
10399:regional command
10390:
10261:
10260:
10233:Fertile Crescent
10124:
10123:
10120:
10119:
10108:
9985:County of Edessa
9965:Mirdasid dynasty
9960:Hamdanid dynasty
9939:
9906:Palmyrene Empire
9891:Achaemenid Syria
9778:Natufian culture
9745:
9744:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9698:
9697:
9682:
9582:
9581:
8816:
8815:
8742:Israel–Hamas war
8688:
8687:
8567:
8560:
8553:
8544:
8543:
8520:
8513:
8418:
8417:
8379:
8354:
8353:
8276:
8275:
8252:Southern Lebanon
8205:
8204:
8185:Cedar Revolution
8091:
8084:
8077:
8068:
8067:
8044:
8037:
7969:King Abdullah II
7784:
7783:
7730:Defense industry
7713:
7712:
7601:
7600:
7526:
7525:
7511:2011–12 protests
7412:
7405:
7398:
7389:
7388:
7365:
7358:
7317:National symbols
7166:
7165:
7112:Diamond industry
7090:
7089:
6931:
6930:
6851:
6850:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6706:
6705:
6581:Palaestina Prima
6576:Byzantine Empire
6569:Syria Palaestina
6547:Herodian dynasty
6489:Canaanite tribes
6464:Four Holy Cities
6436:Dome of the Rock
6368:
6367:
6350:
6267:Palestine region
6260:
6253:
6246:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6211:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6148:
6142:
6135:
6129:
6126:
6104:
6082:
6063:
6047:
6041:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5958:
5950:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5907:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5874:Liturgical Press
5863:
5857:
5856:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5694:Brill Publishers
5679:
5673:
5672:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5562:
5556:
5549:
5543:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5455:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5404:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5371:Liturgical Press
5360:
5354:
5341:
5332:
5323:
5317:
5308:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5196:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5176:
5167:
5158:
5157:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5129:
5121:
5106:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5001:
4992:
4991:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4944:
4938:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4919:
4911:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4779:
4770:Kennedy, Hugh N.
4766:
4760:
4759:
4749:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4667:
4661:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4625:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4310:. Archived from
4296:
4287:
4280:
4274:
4261:
4246:
4245:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4165:Christian Arabic
4111:Salibi, Kamal S.
4107:
4094:
4093:
4065:
4054:
4053:
4025:
4010:
4009:
3985:
3976:
3975:
3951:
3942:
3941:
3940:on 28 July 2011.
3939:
3933:. Archived from
3928:
3919:
3895:
3873:
3541:the daughter of
3537:, the shrine of
3522:, the shrine of
3508:John the Baptist
3370:
3369:
3260:in Turkey), and
3195:Arab nationalism
3179:Kingdom of Syria
3176:
3166:
3164:
3124:
3110:
3092:
2917:Byzantine Empire
2870:as its capital.
2741:In Greek usage,
2728:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2598:Related articles
2589:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2516:
2495:
2476:
2468:
2446:County of Edessa
2422:Mirdasid dynasty
2417:Hamdanid dynasty
2369:
2345:Palmyrene Empire
2325:Achaemenid Syria
2184:Natufian culture
2165:
2155:
2137:
2136:
2052:Eastern Catholic
2044:Antiochian Greek
1927:Levantine Arabic
1796:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1733:is derived from
1732:
1686:
1684:
1678:romanized:
1677:
1675:
1670:Imperial Aramaic
1653:
1647:
1646:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1566:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1515:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1483:Syrian Christian
1471:
1459:
1448:
1439:
1426:
1420:
1404:Kızılırmak River
1345:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1071:
1070:
1015:Syriac Christian
1000:
999:
994:
983:
980:
979:
973:
965:Classical Arabic
953:Taurus Mountains
937:Fertile Crescent
809:Taurus Mountains
746:
739:
738:
732:
725:
724:
718:
716:Sūrīyah al-Kubrā
711:
710:
669:Taurus Mountains
604:
596:
585:
582:
573:
565:Classical Arabic
533:Taurus Mountains
510:Fertile Crescent
498:Kızılırmak River
478:
471:
470:
464:
457:
456:
351:Syria Palaestina
279:
269:
267:
259:
254:Classical Syriac
251:
239:
213:
211:
210:
200:
198:
197:
187:
185:
184:
174:
172:
171:
161:
159:
158:
148:
146:
145:
129:
128:
126:
125:
124:
119:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
87:
75:Syria-Palestine
70:
64:
63:
53:
52:
21:
11859:
11858:
11854:
11853:
11852:
11850:
11849:
11848:
11754:
11753:
11752:
11747:
11729:
11665:Greater Morocco
11638:
11634:Pan-Arab colors
11629:Hawk of Quraish
11595:
11563:
11414:Arab Federation
11375:
11361:Abdullah Rimawi
11336:Mostéfa Merarda
11291:Muammar Gaddafi
11271:Ahmed Ben Bella
11246:Jamal al-Atassi
11236:Bashar al-Assad
11187:
11156:
11137:Black September
11015:Anglo-Iraqi War
10959:
10923:
10918:
10888:
10883:
10876:
10872:
10829:
10820:
10790:
10785:
10777:
10770:
10763:
10750:
10675:
10661:Public holidays
10647:
10589:
10551:
10545:
10537:
10489:
10444:
10413:
10406:
10393:
10386:
10242:
10211:
10160:
10109:
10096:
10086:Second Republic
10030:
10013:
9980:Crusader states
9945:Tulunid dynasty
9938:(Bilad al-Sham)
9937:
9935:Caliphal Syria
9929:Muslim conquest
9915:
9911:Byzantine Syria
9826:Akkadian Empire
9807:
9761:
9734:
9725:
9695:
9690:
9666:
9630:
9611:Christian Arabs
9573:
9468:
9436:Foreign affairs
9430:
9350:
9152:
9150:
9140:
9080:
9010:
8910:
8880:
8852:
8848:Judicial system
8803:
8787:
8764:
8752:Black September
8746:
8732:Second Intifada
8679:
8658:British Mandate
8619:Ayyubid Dynasty
8577:
8571:
8541:
8536:
8523:
8516:
8509:
8496:
8472:Public holidays
8403:
8377:
8339:
8261:
8194:
8128:Hellenistic era
8104:
8095:
8065:
8060:
8047:
8040:
8033:
8024:
7983:
7954:King Abdullah I
7936:
7866:
7840:Public holidays
7791:Arabic language
7769:
7698:
7660:Law enforcement
7633:Foreign affairs
7586:
7572:Nature reserves
7515:
7506:Black September
7425:
7416:
7386:
7381:
7368:
7361:
7354:
7341:
7322:Public holidays
7263:
7151:
7079:
6998:
6916:
6840:
6795:British mandate
6742:
6733:
6703:
6698:
6680:
6473:
6450:
6422:
6394:
6364:
6360:
6351:
6342:
6333:Historical maps
6270:
6264:
6228:
6197:
6195:Further reading
6173:
6168:
6167:
6157:
6155:
6149:
6145:
6136:
6132:
6120:
6098:
6076:
6048:
6044:
5972:
5968:
5952:
5951:
5943:
5939:
5929:
5927:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5901:
5900:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5864:
5860:
5845:
5829:
5825:
5807:
5791:
5787:
5780:
5772:. p. 231.
5762:
5758:
5742:
5738:
5731:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5680:
5676:
5669:
5649:
5645:
5638:
5616:
5612:
5605:
5585:
5581:
5571:
5569:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5550:
5546:
5541:
5537:
5512:
5508:
5492:
5488:
5481:
5456:
5452:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5418:
5414:
5398:
5397:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5361:
5357:
5342:
5335:
5324:
5320:
5309:
5302:
5292:
5290:
5289:. 24 March 2005
5281:
5280:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5258:
5254:
5244:
5242:
5231:
5227:
5220:
5212:. p. 369.
5200:O'Connor, J. M.
5197:
5190:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5161:
5144:
5140:
5123:
5122:
5110:Sa'adeh, Antoun
5107:
5103:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5038:
5034:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4945:
4941:
4933:
4929:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4897:Natural History
4889:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4806:Lapidus, Ira M.
4803:
4799:
4792:
4767:
4763:
4717:
4713:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4668:
4664:
4655:
4651:
4641:Mutlu, Servet.
4639:
4635:
4619:
4618:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4591:
4587:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4418:
4414:
4404:
4402:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4367:
4363:
4352:
4350:
4338:Theodor Nöldeke
4335:
4331:
4317:
4315:
4297:
4290:
4281:
4277:
4262:
4249:
4242:
4226:
4219:
4211:
4205:
4198:
4185:
4178:
4159:of some of the
4141:Arabian deserts
4127:
4108:
4097:
4066:
4057:
4026:
4013:
4002:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3926:
3920:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3851:Southern Levant
3831:Crusader states
3821:
3638:, and his wife
3610:is home to the
3528:Islamic prophet
3524:Zaynab bint Ali
3361:
3355:
3339:Sinai Peninsula
3311:Greater Lebanon
3284:
3270:
3262:Greater Lebanon
3151:
3139:Main articles:
3137:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3093:
3069:Roman Catholics
3057:Syriac Orthodox
3001:
2995:Damascus Eyalet
2989:Main articles:
2987:
2905:
2899:
2808:Pliny the Elder
2793:
2779:
2771:Roman expansion
2739:
2716:
2692:
2678:
2642:
2640:
2637:Asia portal
2629:
2557:
2462:
2441:Crusader states
2436:
2402:Tulunid dynasty
2397:
2380:(Bilad al-Sham)
2378:Caliphal Syria
2367:Muslim conquest
2354:
2350:Byzantine Syria
2335:Parthian Empire
2291:
2232:Akkadian Empire
2213:
2153:
2146:
2135:
2056:Syriac Catholic
2048:Syriac Orthodox
1778:
1772:
1731:
1728:
1721:Hebrew language
1523:
1375:of the Levant.
1361:Seleucid Empire
1305:
1300:
1294:
1089:
1084:
988:(from the root
984:), which means
949:Euphrates River
929:Pliny the Elder
673:Sinai Peninsula
661:
651:
590:(from the root
527:, north of the
525:Euphrates River
502:Pliny the Elder
438:
406:Greater Lebanon
343:Syria Phoenicia
304:Syria-Palestine
237:
208:
206:
195:
193:
182:
180:
169:
167:
156:
154:
143:
141:
122:
120:
116:
113:
108:
105:
103:
101:
100:
94:
78:
76:
74:
71:
66:
65:
58:
51:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11857:
11847:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11831:
11826:
11821:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11764:Syria (region)
11749:
11748:
11746:
11745:
11734:
11731:
11730:
11728:
11727:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11662:
11657:
11652:
11646:
11644:
11643:Related topics
11640:
11639:
11637:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11605:
11603:
11597:
11596:
11594:
11593:
11586:
11579:
11571:
11569:
11565:
11564:
11562:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11509:Islamic Legion
11506:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11486:
11481:
11476:
11471:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11399:Al-Mourabitoun
11396:
11391:
11385:
11383:
11377:
11376:
11374:
11373:
11368:
11366:Hamdeen Sabahi
11363:
11358:
11356:Fuad al-Rikabi
11353:
11348:
11346:Adnan Pachachi
11343:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11323:
11318:
11316:Saddam Hussein
11313:
11308:
11306:Sati' al-Husri
11303:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11241:Hafez al-Assad
11238:
11233:
11231:Zaki al-Arsuzi
11228:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11197:
11195:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11164:
11162:
11158:
11157:
11155:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11112:Aden Emergency
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11074:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11057:Iraqi Intifada
11054:
11049:
11048:
11047:
11042:
11040:Yom Kippur War
11037:
11032:
11027:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11002:
11001:
11000:
10990:
10985:
10984:
10983:
10973:
10967:
10965:
10961:
10960:
10958:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10935:Arab socialism
10931:
10929:
10925:
10924:
10917:
10916:
10909:
10902:
10894:
10885:
10884:
10875:
10873:
10871:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10840:
10834:
10831:
10830:
10819:
10818:
10811:
10804:
10796:
10787:
10786:
10784:
10783:
10776:
10775:
10768:
10760:
10759:
10756:
10755:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10732:
10731:
10726:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10696:
10691:
10685:
10683:
10677:
10676:
10674:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10657:
10656:
10651:
10643:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10607:
10601:
10595:
10594:
10591:
10590:
10588:
10587:
10582:
10577:
10572:
10571:
10570:
10559:
10557:
10556:Infrastructure
10553:
10552:
10550:
10549:
10541:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10507:
10501:
10495:
10494:
10491:
10490:
10488:
10487:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10471:
10470:
10460:
10454:
10452:
10446:
10445:
10443:
10442:
10437:
10436:
10435:
10433:Syria (region)
10425:
10420:
10419:
10418:
10411:
10404:
10403:
10402:
10379:
10378:
10377:
10367:
10366:
10365:
10360:
10350:
10349:
10348:
10338:
10333:
10332:
10331:
10326:
10316:
10311:
10310:
10309:
10308:
10307:
10300:Prime Minister
10292:
10290:Vice President
10287:
10286:
10285:
10275:
10270:
10264:
10258:
10252:
10251:
10248:
10247:
10244:
10243:
10241:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10228:Southern Syria
10225:
10223:Syria (region)
10219:
10217:
10213:
10212:
10210:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10168:
10166:
10162:
10161:
10159:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10127:
10117:
10111:
10110:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10097:
10095:
10094:
10089:
10083:
10077:
10076:
10075:
10069:
10066:State of Syria
10063:
10055:French Mandate
10052:
10047:
10040:
10038:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10028:
10021:
10019:
10015:
10014:
10012:
10011:
10005:
9999:
9998:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9977:
9975:Saljuqid Syria
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9955:Zangid dynasty
9952:
9947:
9942:
9932:
9925:
9923:
9921:Medieval Syria
9917:
9916:
9914:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9896:Seleucid Syria
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9817:
9815:
9809:
9808:
9806:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9769:
9767:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9759:
9757:Years in Syria
9754:
9748:
9742:
9736:
9735:
9724:
9723:
9716:
9709:
9701:
9692:
9691:
9689:
9688:
9675:
9672:
9671:
9668:
9667:
9665:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9638:
9636:
9632:
9631:
9629:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9607:
9606:
9601:
9590:
9588:
9579:
9575:
9574:
9572:
9571:
9566:
9565:
9564:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9478:
9476:
9470:
9469:
9467:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9440:
9438:
9432:
9431:
9429:
9428:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9358:
9356:
9352:
9351:
9349:
9348:
9347:
9346:
9336:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9290:
9289:
9279:
9278:
9277:
9272:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9222:
9221:
9220:
9208:
9203:
9202:
9201:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9155:
9153:
9145:
9142:
9141:
9139:
9138:
9132:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9109:Stock Exchange
9106:
9104:Communications
9101:
9096:
9090:
9088:
9082:
9081:
9079:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9047:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9026:
9020:
9018:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8982:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8931:
8920:
8918:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8892:
8890:
8886:
8885:
8882:
8881:
8879:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8866:Prime Minister
8862:
8860:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8828:Prime Minister
8824:
8822:
8813:
8809:
8808:
8805:
8804:
8802:
8801:
8795:
8793:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8785:
8780:
8778:Battle of Gaza
8774:
8772:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8756:
8754:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8727:First Intifada
8724:
8723:
8722:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8696:
8694:
8685:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8638:Modern history
8634:
8633:
8632:
8631:
8629:Ottoman Empire
8626:
8624:Mamluk Dynasty
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8585:
8583:
8579:
8578:
8570:
8569:
8562:
8555:
8547:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8522:
8521:
8514:
8506:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8443:
8442:
8432:
8427:
8421:
8415:
8409:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8402:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8357:
8351:
8345:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8337:
8332:
8330:Prime Minister
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8305:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8279:
8273:
8267:
8266:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8175:French mandate
8172:
8171:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8153:Ottoman Empire
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8114:
8112:
8106:
8105:
8094:
8093:
8086:
8079:
8071:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8046:
8045:
8038:
8030:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7991:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7950:
7948:
7942:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7935:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7897:
7887:
7882:
7876:
7874:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7842:
7837:
7836:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7815:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7798:
7793:
7787:
7781:
7775:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7716:
7710:
7704:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7694:
7687:Prime Minister
7684:
7679:
7678:
7677:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7651:
7650:
7648:Women's rights
7645:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7604:
7598:
7592:
7591:
7588:
7587:
7585:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7550:
7548:Extreme points
7545:
7540:
7535:
7529:
7523:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7449:Ottoman Empire
7446:
7441:
7435:
7433:
7427:
7426:
7415:
7414:
7407:
7400:
7392:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7367:
7366:
7359:
7351:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7273:
7271:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7219:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7185:
7175:
7169:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7093:
7087:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7055:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7023:
7018:
7012:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6985:
6984:
6979:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6943:Prime Minister
6934:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6897:
6892:
6890:Land of Israel
6887:
6886:
6885:
6883:Sea of Galilee
6880:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6854:
6848:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6826:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6814:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6752:
6750:
6744:
6743:
6732:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6709:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6657:
6648:
6643:
6641:British Empire
6638:
6636:Ottoman Empire
6633:
6628:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6604:
6599:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6539:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6526:Yehud Medinata
6521:Persian Empire
6518:
6509:
6496:
6491:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6441:Al-Aqsa Mosque
6438:
6432:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6371:
6365:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6286:
6280:
6278:
6272:
6271:
6269: articles
6263:
6262:
6255:
6248:
6240:
6234:
6233:
6226:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6184:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6143:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6118:
6105:
6096:
6083:
6074:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6025:
6011:
5997:
5966:
5937:
5915:
5886:
5858:
5843:
5823:
5805:
5785:
5778:
5756:
5745:Canaan, Tawfiq
5736:
5729:
5709:
5702:
5674:
5667:
5643:
5636:
5610:
5603:
5579:
5557:
5544:
5535:
5506:
5486:
5479:
5450:
5436:
5412:
5383:
5355:
5333:
5318:
5311:Gospel of Luke
5300:
5274:
5252:
5225:
5218:
5188:
5159:
5138:
5101:
5089:
5082:
5062:
5055:
5032:
5005:Le Strange, G.
4993:
4986:
4966:
4959:
4939:
4927:
4906:
4883:
4869:
4849:
4827:
4820:
4797:
4790:
4761:
4732:(1): 149–157.
4711:
4693:
4686:
4662:
4649:
4633:
4605:
4585:
4571:
4551:
4537:
4517:
4503:
4483:
4469:
4449:
4440:
4434:978-0913321058
4433:
4412:
4386:
4380:978-1589831285
4379:
4361:
4329:
4288:
4275:
4247:
4240:
4217:
4196:
4176:
4125:
4095:
4082:10.1086/373570
4076:(4): 281–285.
4055:
4042:10.1086/511103
4036:(4): 284–287.
4011:
4000:
3977:
3970:
3943:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3804:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3769:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3714:
3694:
3684:
3683:
3674:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3643:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3588:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3550:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3476:
3473:Mosque of Omar
3449:
3443:
3442:
3433:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3398:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3354:
3351:
3323:State of Syria
3269:
3266:
3193:. The wave of
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3065:Greek Orthodox
2986:
2983:
2974:Jund Qinnasrîn
2968:Jund al-Urdunn
2901:Main article:
2898:
2895:
2778:
2775:
2767:Persian Empire
2738:
2735:
2715:
2712:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2590:(1963–present)
2587:Ba'thist Syria
2584:
2583:
2582:
2566:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2545:
2540:State of Syria
2537:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2522:French Mandate
2519:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2432:Saljuqid Syria
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2412:Zangid dynasty
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2330:Seleucid Syria
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2094:who adhere to
2068:Roman Catholic
2040:Greek Orthodox
2021:Nizari Ismaili
1955:Bedouin Arabic
1913:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1771:
1768:
1729:
1662:Historically,
1522:
1519:
1465:pronunciation
1351:) in northern
1304:
1301:
1296:Main article:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1011:Bilād ash-Shām
957:Hatay Province
947:, west of the
941:Late Antiquity
933:Pomponius Mela
805:Arabian Desert
744:Bilād ash-Shām
737:بِلَاد ٱلشَّام
650:
647:
586:, which means
557:Hatay Province
529:Arabian Desert
523:, west of the
517:Late Antiquity
506:Pomponius Mela
484:) in northern
437:
434:
426:State of Syria
365:and under the
225:
224:
223:
222:
204:
191:
178:
165:
152:
137:
131:
130:
96:
95:
88:
80:
79:
73:Greater Syria
72:
56:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11856:
11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11830:
11827:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11817:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11761:
11759:
11744:
11736:
11735:
11732:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11675:Greater Yemen
11673:
11671:
11670:Greater Syria
11668:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11648:
11647:
11645:
11641:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11606:
11604:
11602:
11598:
11592:
11591:
11587:
11585:
11584:
11580:
11578:
11577:
11573:
11572:
11570:
11566:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11386:
11384:
11382:
11381:Organizations
11378:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11301:George Habash
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11281:Izzat Darwaza
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11216:Yasser Arafat
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11198:
11196:
11194:
11193:Personalities
11190:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11168:Arab identity
11166:
11165:
11163:
11159:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11082:Arab Cold War
11080:
11078:
11075:
11073:
11070:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11053:
11050:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11023:
11022:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
10999:
10996:
10995:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10982:
10979:
10978:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10968:
10966:
10962:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10932:
10930:
10926:
10922:
10915:
10910:
10908:
10903:
10901:
10896:
10895:
10892:
10880:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10863:Mediterranean
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10841:
10839:
10836:
10835:
10832:
10828:
10824:
10817:
10812:
10810:
10805:
10803:
10798:
10797:
10794:
10782:
10779:
10778:
10773:
10769:
10766:
10762:
10761:
10757:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10721:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10704:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10684:
10682:
10678:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10638:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10608:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10596:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10569:
10566:
10565:
10564:
10561:
10560:
10558:
10554:
10548:
10542:
10540:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10508:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10496:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10469:
10466:
10465:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10455:
10453:
10451:
10447:
10441:
10438:
10434:
10431:
10430:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10416:
10412:
10409:
10405:
10400:
10396:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10385:
10384:
10383:
10380:
10376:
10373:
10372:
10371:
10368:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10355:
10354:
10351:
10347:
10344:
10343:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10306:
10303:
10302:
10301:
10298:
10297:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10284:
10281:
10280:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10265:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10253:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10218:
10214:
10208:
10207:Syrian Desert
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10187:Golan Heights
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10163:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10128:
10125:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10112:
10107:
10093:
10090:
10087:
10084:
10081:
10078:
10073:
10070:
10067:
10064:
10061:
10058:
10057:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10045:
10042:
10041:
10039:
10037:
10033:
10026:
10025:Ottoman Syria
10023:
10022:
10020:
10016:
10009:
10006:
10003:
10002:Ayyubid Syria
10000:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9982:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9970:Fatimid Syria
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9940:
9933:
9930:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9918:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9871:Aram-Damascus
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9814:
9813:Ancient Syria
9810:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9783:Halaf culture
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9770:
9768:
9764:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9749:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9729:
9722:
9717:
9715:
9710:
9708:
9703:
9702:
9699:
9687:
9686:
9681:
9677:
9676:
9673:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9633:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9596:
9595:
9592:
9591:
9589:
9587:
9583:
9580:
9578:Ethnic groups
9576:
9570:
9567:
9563:
9560:
9559:
9558:
9557:United States
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9479:
9477:
9475:
9471:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9437:
9433:
9427:
9426:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9404:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9353:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9337:
9334:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9309:Personalities
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9283:
9280:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9267:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9250:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9230:
9226:
9223:
9219:
9218:
9214:
9213:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9200:
9197:
9196:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9174:Refugee camps
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9148:
9143:
9137:
9134:
9133:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9091:
9089:
9087:
9083:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9031:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9021:
9019:
9017:
9013:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8936:
8935:
8932:
8929:
8925:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8887:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8859:
8855:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8821:
8817:
8814:
8810:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8790:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8771:
8767:
8761:
8758:
8757:
8755:
8753:
8749:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8721:
8718:
8717:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8693:
8689:
8686:
8682:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8640:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8591:
8590:
8589:Early history
8587:
8586:
8584:
8580:
8575:
8568:
8563:
8561:
8556:
8554:
8549:
8548:
8545:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8524:
8519:
8515:
8512:
8508:
8507:
8503:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8422:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8410:
8400:
8399:Drug industry
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8346:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8268:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8242:Mount Lebanon
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8209:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8197:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8111:
8107:
8103:
8099:
8092:
8087:
8085:
8080:
8078:
8073:
8072:
8069:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8048:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8032:
8031:
8027:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7986:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7947:
7943:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7898:
7895:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7873:
7869:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7740:Globalization
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7640:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7593:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7561:
7560:
7556:
7555:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7518:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7476:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7434:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7413:
7408:
7406:
7401:
7399:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7360:
7357:
7353:
7352:
7348:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7266:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7211:
7208:
7207:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7158:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7021:Civil defense
7019:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7005:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6913:
6910:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6843:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6818:
6817:Peace process
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6781:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6771:Ottoman Syria
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6730:
6725:
6723:
6718:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6622:Seljuk Empire
6619:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6453:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6385:Rachel's Tomb
6383:
6381:
6380:Joseph's Tomb
6378:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6363:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6273:
6268:
6261:
6256:
6254:
6249:
6247:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6229:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6210:
6209:
6203:
6202:Pipes, Daniel
6199:
6198:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6134:
6125:
6121:
6119:0-8146-5081-3
6115:
6111:
6106:
6103:
6099:
6097:0-231-12038-9
6093:
6089:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6075:0-19-515713-3
6071:
6067:
6062:
6061:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6038:
6037:90-411-8843-6
6034:
6030:
6026:
6024:
6023:0-02-864410-7
6020:
6016:
6012:
6010:
6009:0-8146-5081-3
6006:
6002:
5998:
5996:
5995:0-520-22092-7
5992:
5988:
5983:
5982:twelve tribes
5979:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5962:
5956:
5948:
5941:
5925:
5919:
5911:
5905:
5889:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5870:
5862:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5844:0-8156-2912-5
5840:
5836:
5835:
5827:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5806:0-88125-798-2
5802:
5798:
5797:
5789:
5781:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5760:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5740:
5732:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5713:
5705:
5703:90-04-11251-0
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5678:
5670:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5655:
5647:
5639:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5614:
5606:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5591:
5583:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5548:
5539:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5510:
5503:
5499:
5498:
5490:
5482:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5454:
5439:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5416:
5408:
5402:
5386:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5359:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5340:
5338:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5305:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5263:
5256:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5221:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5173:
5166:
5164:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5133:
5127:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5098:
5093:
5085:
5083:0-7914-4880-0
5079:
5075:
5074:
5066:
5058:
5056:0-7914-1827-8
5052:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5036:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4989:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4970:
4962:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4943:
4936:
4931:
4923:
4917:
4909:
4907:84-249-1901-7
4903:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4892:Pliny (AD 77)
4887:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4853:
4837:
4831:
4823:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4793:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4689:
4687:0-299-09140-6
4683:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4653:
4644:
4637:
4629:
4623:
4608:
4606:9788876535666
4602:
4598:
4597:
4589:
4574:
4572:9789004301481
4568:
4564:
4563:
4555:
4540:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4521:
4506:
4504:9781858287188
4500:
4496:
4495:
4487:
4472:
4470:9781400871391
4466:
4462:
4461:
4453:
4444:
4436:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4382:
4376:
4372:
4365:
4349:
4345:
4340:in 1881; cf.
4339:
4333:
4326:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4285:
4279:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4265:C.E. Bosworth
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4243:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4224:
4222:
4210:
4203:
4201:
4192:
4191:
4183:
4181:
4173:
4172:Arabic usage.
4171:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3950:
3948:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3907:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3872:
3868:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3783:Mount Gerizim
3781:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3465:Rachel's Tomb
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3327:Antoun Saadeh
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3291:Antoun Saadeh
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3246:Alawite State
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3230:Henri Gouraud
3226:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3123:
3118:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3041:Sunni Muslims
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:Mount Lebanon
3010:
3006:
3000:
2999:Syria Vilayet
2996:
2992:
2991:Ottoman Syria
2985:Ottoman Syria
2982:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2958:Jund Filasṭīn
2954:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2929:. During the
2928:
2927:
2926:Bilad al-Sham
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2903:Bilad al-Sham
2897:Bilad al-Sham
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2883:Orontes River
2880:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2723:Ancient Greek
2720:
2714:Ancient Syria
2709:
2705:
2701:
2700:Apamea, Syria
2696:
2691:
2687:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2493:Ottoman Syria
2491:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2475:
2472:
2467:
2466:Ayyubid Syria
2464:
2463:
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2427:Fatimid Syria
2425:
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2189:Halaf culture
2187:
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2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:Syrian Desert
1948:
1944:
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1936:
1932:
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1435:
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1427:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1411:ancient Greek
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:, modern-day
1354:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1332:
1330:
1318:
1317:ancient Greek
1314:
1310:
1299:
1298:Name of Syria
1284:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1257:
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1199:
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1129:
1128:
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1120:
1115:
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1103:
1100:
1097:
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1079:
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1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
995:
993:
987:
974:
972:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
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934:
930:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
879:, al-Castel,
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
824:
822:
821:Bilad al-Sham
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
794:Roman Assyria
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:Bilad al-Sham
747:
745:
733:
731:
719:
717:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
682:
678:
674:
670:
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646:
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632:
628:
624:
623:Bilad al-Sham
620:
616:
612:
608:
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589:
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574:
572:
566:
562:
558:
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518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:, modern-day
487:
483:
479:
477:
465:
463:
451:
450:ancient Greek
447:
443:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:Bilad al-Sham
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:. During the
324:
321:, modern-day
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
300:Greater Syria
297:
296:
291:
287:
283:
278:
272:
263:
255:
247:
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205:
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166:
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153:
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140:
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138:
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132:
127:
99:Coordinates:
97:
92:
91:Ottoman Syria
86:
81:
69:
54:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
11710:Pan-Islamism
11669:
11588:
11581:
11574:
11474:Ba'ath Party
11351:Ameen Rihani
11211:Jassem Alwan
11206:Michel Aflaq
11062:Algerian War
10988:Iraqi Revolt
10694:Coat of arms
10616:Demographics
10516:Central Bank
10432:
10397: /
10358:High council
10341:Human rights
10268:Constitution
10222:
10146:Governorates
10044:Arab kingdom
10036:Modern Syria
10008:Mamluk Syria
9936:
9683:
9594:Muslim Arabs
9423:
9401:
9319:Prostitution
9282:Human rights
9240:Demographics
9215:
9189:Architecture
9159:Palestinians
9061:Governorates
8609:Islamic Rule
8604:Roman Empire
8447:Demographics
8425:Architecture
8366:Central Bank
8298:Human rights
8283:Constitution
8247:Shebaa farms
8237:Governorates
8217:Beqaa Valley
8143:Crusader era
7964:King Hussein
7855:Christianity
7806:universities
7796:Demographics
7725:Central Bank
7638:Human rights
7618:Constitution
7567:Jordan River
7558:
7553:Governorates
7282:Architecture
7205:Human rights
7178:Demographics
7053:Conscription
6905:Jordan River
6800:Independence
6674: /
6670: /
6666: /
6662: /
6653: /
6624: /
6620: /
6609: /
6583: /
6542:Roman Empire
6535: /
6514: /
6505: /
6501: /
6469:Western Wall
6400:Christianity
6328:Demographics
6212:. New York:
6207:
6156:. Retrieved
6146:
6138:
6133:
6123:
6109:
6101:
6087:
6079:
6059:
6045:
6028:
6014:
6000:
5986:
5969:
5946:
5940:
5928:. Retrieved
5918:
5892:. Retrieved
5868:
5861:
5833:
5826:
5818:
5795:
5788:
5765:
5759:
5749:
5739:
5719:
5712:
5684:
5677:
5653:
5646:
5623:
5613:
5589:
5582:
5570:. Retrieved
5560:
5547:
5538:
5524:(1): 58–81.
5521:
5515:
5509:
5496:
5489:
5466:
5453:
5441:. Retrieved
5422:
5415:
5389:. Retrieved
5365:
5358:
5350:
5344:
5321:
5291:. Retrieved
5286:
5277:
5265:. Retrieved
5255:
5243:. Retrieved
5238:
5228:
5204:
5179:. Retrieved
5177:. p. 34
5153:The Atlantic
5151:
5141:
5113:
5104:
5092:
5072:
5065:
5045:
5035:
5009:
4975:
4969:
4948:
4942:
4930:
4896:
4886:
4874:. Retrieved
4863:. Abc-Clio.
4859:
4852:
4840:. Retrieved
4830:
4810:
4800:
4775:
4764:
4729:
4725:
4714:
4705:
4696:
4676:
4665:
4657:
4652:
4636:
4610:. Retrieved
4595:
4588:
4576:. Retrieved
4561:
4554:
4542:. Retrieved
4527:
4520:
4508:. Retrieved
4493:
4486:
4474:. Retrieved
4459:
4452:
4443:
4424:
4415:
4403:. Retrieved
4389:
4370:
4364:
4351:. Retrieved
4347:
4332:
4323:
4316:. Retrieved
4312:the original
4278:
4268:
4230:
4189:
4130:
4115:
4073:
4069:
4033:
4029:
4005:
3990:
3956:
3935:the original
3890:
3883:
3871:
3789:Samaritanism
3766:Western Wall
3754:Temple Mount
3746:Christianity
3705:(literally:
3697:
3634:, their son
3626:, their son
3614:, where the
3576:Mount Carmel
3573:
3547:Shia Muslims
3512:Christianity
3500:Great Mosque
3426:Christianity
3418:Great Mosque
3395:Baháʼí Faith
3362:
3303:
3227:
3205:and British
3184:
3075:Christians,
3038:
3030:Jordan River
3002:
2972:
2966:
2956:
2946:
2942:Jund Dimashq
2940:
2934:
2924:
2906:
2872:
2863:Euphratensis
2861:
2838:
2835:
2805:
2751:Roman Empire
2746:
2742:
2740:
2717:
2628:
2619:
2485:Early modern
2474:Mamluk Syria
2379:
2112:
2037:
1995:
1916:
1770:Demographics
1763:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1707:and ancient
1663:
1661:
1657:glottal stop
1648:
1641:
1635:
1618:
1612:
1608:Arabia Felix
1599:
1589:
1588:The root of
1587:
1561:
1547:
1526:
1524:
1510:
1508:
1490:
1466:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1421:
1408:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1340:
1326:
1308:
1306:
1083:Metropolitan
1039:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1006:
989:
985:
968:
967:by the name
926:
859:, Ḥamrtash,
826:
820:
798:
786:Roman Empire
775:
767:Ottoman rule
741:
727:
713:
702:, including
692:Alexandretta
690:, including
685:
630:
626:
625:, either as
618:
614:
591:
587:
568:
567:by the name
514:
473:
459:
441:
439:
395:
390:
386:
362:
312:
303:
299:
293:
241:
229:
228:
67:
57:Syria (Sham)
47:
11404:Arab Ba'ath
11326:Salah Jadid
11183:Arabization
11030:Six-Day War
11025:Suez Crisis
10971:Arab Revolt
10950:Pan-Arabism
10511:Agriculture
10468:air defense
10428:Nationalism
10088:(1950–1963)
10027:(1516–1918)
10010:(1260–1516)
10004:(1174–1260)
9901:Roman Syria
9793:Abu Hureyra
9788:Uruk period
9562:Los Angeles
9507:El Salvador
9382:Photography
9372:Journalists
9287:LGBT rights
9270:Health care
9260:Handicrafts
9184:Archaeology
9099:Agriculture
9044:Southern WB
9039:Northern WB
8599:Philistines
8361:Agriculture
7974:Queen Rania
7720:Agriculture
7643:LGBT rights
7454:Arab Revolt
7332:Visual arts
7277:Archaeology
7097:Agriculture
6766:Middle Ages
6564:Roman Judea
6362:holy places
6216:. pp.
6158:24 December
5949:, Jerusalem
5876:. pp.
5373:. pp.
5239:Baháʼí News
5017:. pp.
4187:Herodotus.
3877:Genesis 1:6
3841:Middle East
3793:Great Flood
3630:, his wife
3622:, his wife
3504:Umayyad era
3376:Description
3307:World War I
3250:Jabal Druze
3191:World War I
3098:Cedid Atlas
3034:Wadi Arabah
2887:Justinian I
2854:Coele-Syria
2801:Sergiopolis
2791:Coele-Syria
2783:Roman Syria
2777:Roman Syria
2708:Roman times
2704:Hellenistic
2496:(1516–1918)
2477:(1260–1516)
2469:(1174–1260)
2359:Middle Ages
2340:Roman Syria
2199:Abu Hureyra
2194:Uruk period
2152:History of
1963:Circassians
1937:during the
1762:(Akkadian:
1752:(Akkadian:
1682:Ba'al Šamem
1637:Quran 106:2
1353:Mesopotamia
1090:Population
1085:Population
1040:Today, the
1027:World War I
841:Mopsuhestia
790:Roman Syria
704:Mesopotamia
700:Roman Egypt
635:World War I
613:, the name
486:Mesopotamia
402:World War I
398:World War I
355:Syria Prima
347:Coele Syria
331:Coele-Syria
319:Mesopotamia
121: /
11758:Categories
11568:Literature
11261:Tariq Aziz
11178:Arab world
11173:Arab Union
11102:Dhofar War
10729:television
10611:Censorship
10538:(currency)
10370:Parliament
10329:Iskandaron
10273:Corruption
9836:Canaanites
9657:Samaritans
9392:Television
9377:Newspapers
9299:Literature
9199:watermelon
9024:Gaza Strip
8812:Government
8594:Canaanites
8487:Television
8378:(currency)
8288:Corruption
8148:Mamluk era
7959:King Talal
7915:newspapers
7665:Parliament
7623:Corruption
7444:Hashemites
7439:Nabataeans
7297:Literature
7200:Healthcare
7016:Censorship
6977:Basic Laws
6776:Old Yishuv
6668:Gaza Strip
6631:The Mamluk
6592:Caliphates
6390:Lot's Tomb
5978:King David
5815:1148595286
5463:"Damascus"
4353:22 January
3902:References
3885:sham-mayim
3669:(possibly
3574:Nearby is
3457:Christians
3357:See also:
3272:See also:
2891:Theodorias
2885:. In 528,
2868:Hierapolis
2839:In 64 BC,
2731:Cappadocia
2242:Canaanites
2218:Bronze Age
2170:Prehistory
2119:Samaritans
2080:Protestant
1774:See also:
1665:Baalshamin
1499:سُرْيَانِي
1384:Phoenician
1365:The Levant
986:the north
982:/ʔaʃ-ʃaːm/
754:caliphates
588:the north
584:/ʔaʃ-ʃaːm/
335:Roman rule
11601:Symbolism
10945:Nasserism
10940:Ba'athism
10843:Black Sea
10671:Squatting
10646:refugees
10621:Education
10580:Transport
10521:Companies
10463:Air force
10440:Terrorism
10353:Judiciary
10314:Elections
10278:President
10182:Euphrates
10172:Al-Jazira
10156:Volcanoes
10141:Districts
10115:Geography
10092:Civil war
10082:(1946–50)
10074:(1930–46)
10068:(1925–30)
10062:(1922–25)
9626:Metawalis
9542:Nicaragua
9482:Australia
9245:Education
9124:Transport
9094:Companies
9066:Landforms
9029:West Bank
9016:Geography
8996:Elections
8974:Third Way
8871:President
8833:President
8614:Crusaders
8574:Palestine
8462:Languages
8452:Education
8394:Transport
8325:President
8232:Districts
8200:Geography
8180:Civil War
8133:Roman era
8123:Phoenicia
7823:hospitals
7801:Education
7760:Transport
7745:Oil shale
7628:Elections
7521:Geography
7222:Languages
7195:Education
7142:Transport
7107:Companies
7058:Structure
6989:President
6982:Judiciary
6950:Elections
6868:Districts
6846:Geography
6756:Antiquity
6618:Crusaders
6557:Tetrarchy
6507:Philistia
6503:Phoenicia
6358:Abrahamic
6299:Christian
6181:Hans Wehr
6171:Citations
5904:cite book
5595:Routledge
5401:cite book
5245:12 August
5126:cite book
4916:cite book
4842:31 August
4622:cite book
4612:14 August
4578:14 August
4510:14 August
4476:14 August
4300:Herodotus
4153:Byzantine
4090:161323237
4050:162760021
3962:Routledge
3891:yam-mayim
3728:Jerusalem
3692:Nabi Musa
3447:Bethlehem
3422:Zechariah
3274:Ba'athism
3168:romanized
3055:Muslims,
3018:Jerusalem
2963:Palestine
2948:Jund Ḥimṣ
2799:Ruins at
2719:Herodotus
2610:Palmyrene
2580:(1958–61)
2564:(1946–50)
2551:(1930–46)
2543:(1925–30)
2535:(1922–25)
2296:Antiquity
2100:Assyrians
2084:Armenians
2076:Nestorian
1991:Armenians
1979:Assyrians
1943:Iron Ages
1903:3,198,951
1892:3,448,356
1881:3,231,874
1870:2,028,000
1859:1,500,000
1848:2,700,000
1837:3,120,000
1826:4,127,000
1815:4,800,000
1804:4,300,000
1750:shamayim
1705:Phoenicia
1532:اَلْيَمَن
1400:Herodotus
1369:Assyrians
1292:Etymology
1272:2,047,969
1267:Palestine
1262:Gaza City
1245:2,098,210
1240:2,098,210
1208:2,200,000
1181:2,078,000
1176:2,900,000
1144:3,954,500
1117:4,061,150
1112:4,642,000
1066:Gaza City
913:Al-Ḥadath
877:Qinnasrin
857:Circesium
849:Anazarbus
771:Palestine
677:Euphrates
649:Geography
553:Palestine
494:Herodotus
290:West Asia
271:romanized
189:Palestine
135:Countries
118:33°N 36°E
11743:Category
11685:Islamism
11394:Al-Fatat
11161:Concepts
10928:Ideology
10781:Category
10741:Religion
10666:Scouting
10641:diaspora
10526:Industry
10450:Military
10395:national
10375:Speakers
10256:Politics
10165:Features
9831:Arameans
9821:Amorites
9752:Timeline
9732:articles
9599:Bedouins
9547:Pakistan
9474:Diaspora
9344:Football
9329:Religion
9294:Language
9217:keffiyeh
9169:Diaspora
9034:Enclaves
8916:Politics
8889:Security
8737:Gaza War
8700:Timeline
8684:Conflict
8527:Category
8477:Religion
8315:Military
8303:Abortion
8271:Politics
8257:Wildlife
8138:Arab era
8102:articles
8051:Category
7910:Ro'ya TV
7845:Religion
7811:Ministry
7670:Military
7596:Politics
7582:Wildlife
7543:Dead Sea
7423:articles
7372:Category
7259:Feminism
7244:Religion
7127:Taxation
7041:Shin Bet
7008:Security
6926:Politics
6912:Wildlife
6878:Dead Sea
6829:Timeline
6740:articles
6689:Category
6626:Ayyubids
6597:Rashidun
6311:Timeline
6204:(1990).
6056:(2002).
5955:citation
5853:48940385
5747:(1927).
5572:12 April
5471:ABC-CLIO
5461:(2007).
5349:, Note.
5241:(418): 4
5202:(1998).
5112:(2004).
5043:(1994).
5007:(1890).
4772:(2007).
4756:32470374
4423:(2002).
4400:CBC News
4113:(2003).
3819:See also
3764:and the
3734:Old City
3618:figures
3616:Biblical
3608:Old City
3531:Muhammad
3496:Old City
3490:Damascus
3347:Kilikian
3317:and the
3248:(1920),
3244:(1920),
3240:(1920),
3238:Damascus
3223:captured
3219:defeated
3061:Maronite
3032:and the
3009:wilayahs
2858:Phoenice
2820:Adiabene
2621:Timeline
2606:Monarchs
2237:Arameans
2227:Amorites
2143:a series
2141:Part of
2106:and the
2064:Maronite
2027:and the
1975:Turkmens
1967:Chechens
1735:Akkadian
1674:ܒܥܠ ܫܡܝܢ
1627:Damascus
1623:Damascus
1615:Damascus
1537:al-Yaman
1527:Ash-Shām
1504:ethnonym
1485:such as
1373:Arameans
1166:Damascus
1134:Tel Aviv
1080:Country
1054:Damascus
1050:Tel Aviv
971:ash-Shām
921:Malatiya
917:Samosata
873:Salamiya
813:Anatolia
581:ٱَلشَّام
571:ash-Shām
416:and the
367:Rashidun
333:. Under
277:Ash-Shām
240:
68:Ash-Shām
11389:Al-Awda
10964:History
10858:Marmara
10765:Outline
10746:Smoking
10699:Cuisine
10681:Culture
10599:Society
10499:Economy
10216:Related
10202:Orontes
10131:Borders
9740:History
9662:Bushnaq
9621:Druzers
9616:Baháʼís
9569:Uruguay
9532:Lebanon
9362:By city
9225:Cuisine
9151:society
9147:Culture
9119:Tourism
9086:Economy
9051:Borders
8582:History
8511:Outline
8435:Cuisine
8413:Culture
8389:Tourism
8349:Economy
8222:Borders
8118:Ancient
8110:History
8098:Lebanon
8035:Outline
7890:Cuisine
7872:Culture
7779:Society
7755:Tourism
7708:Economy
7613:Cabinet
7577:Red Sea
7533:Borders
7431:History
7356:Outline
7307:Museums
7292:Cuisine
7269:Culture
7217:Kibbutz
7161:Society
7137:Tourism
7102:Banking
7085:Economy
6965:Parties
6960:Knesset
6938:Cabinet
6858:Borders
6834:by year
6783:Zionism
6748:History
6611:Fatimid
6607:Abbasid
6602:Umayyad
6552:Kingdom
6482:Regimes
6456:Judaism
6316:periods
6276:History
5894:3 March
5443:9 April
5391:3 March
5330:19:2–15
5293:30 June
5027:1004386
4747:7332655
4544:17 July
4405:6 March
4344:"Syria"
4131:To the
3836:Mashriq
3762:Al-Aqsa
3742:Judaism
3707:Prophet
3688:Jericho
3632:Rebecca
3620:Abraham
3539:Ruqayya
3461:Muslims
3170::
3073:Melkite
3053:Ismaili
3049:Alawite
3045:Shi'ite
3026:Galilee
3022:Latakia
3005:Ottoman
2919:at the
2911:to the
2881:on the
2875:Antioch
2830:Palmyra
2816:Sophene
2759:Assyria
2747:Assyria
2133:History
2123:Yazidis
2060:Melkite
2033:Lebanon
2017:Twelver
2009:Alawite
1947:Bedouin
1919:Muslims
1911:Source:
1746:shemesh
1709:Palmyra
1697:sky god
1694:Semitic
1690:
1619:Ash-Sām
1493:suryāni
1445:Assyria
1438:Ἀσσυρία
1430:Assyria
1398:." For
1396:Assyria
1349:Assyria
1277:590,481
1213:361,366
1203:Lebanon
1149:438,818
1023:Suriyya
1019:Suriyah
978:ٱلشَّام
897:Mar'ash
861:Antalya
837:Antioch
833:Laodice
782:Assyria
696:Antioch
675:to the
671:to the
631:Suriyya
627:Suriyah
541:Lebanon
482:Assyria
391:Suriyya
387:Suriyah
375:Abbasid
371:Umayyad
315:Assyria
280:) is a
273::
266:ٱلشَّام
176:Lebanon
89:Map of
62:ٱلشَّام
11769:Levant
10838:Aegean
10827:Turkey
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10636:People
10631:Hunger
10626:Health
10536:Pound
10238:Levant
10197:Hermon
10192:Hauran
10151:Rivers
10136:Cities
10046:(1920)
9866:Ugarit
9851:Yamhad
9730:
9685:Portal
9537:Mexico
9527:Kuwait
9522:Jordan
9492:Canada
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9324:Racism
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8576:topics
8532:Portal
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7885:Cinema
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2078:, and
1987:Nawars
1939:Bronze
1884:+59.4%
1873:+35.2%
1862:−44.4%
1851:−13.5%
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2007:with
2005:Sunni
1997:Islam
1983:Kurds
1971:Turks
1923:Arabs
1906:−7.2%
1895:+6.7%
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