322:
from US$ 279m in 1929 to US$ 35m in 1932, which in real terms corresponds to 1/6 of export level in 1929. In accordance to this time period, Chile's imports fell from US$ 197m in 1929 to US$ 26m in 1932 (Thorp 1984, p. 333). Similarly, real GDP dropped from 100 in 1929 to 67 in 1932, contributed by the fall of the value of production from 100 in 1929 to 77 in 1932 alongside a rapid decrease in the average annual production that reached the equivalent to one quarter of 1929 levels in
December 1932. Alongside a decrease in employment in the mining sector, in terms of GDP and productive activity, mining dropped to 26.3 in 1932 from 1929 levels of 100.
1158:
33:
359:
370:
workers in 1932 stood at less than one third of 1929 figures of 91000. More specifically, in the nitrate sector alone 50,000 workers were unemployed by 1932 High rates of unemployment, caused by a fragile export economy saw an increase in geographical mobility of the working class, exemplified between
September 1930 to February in 1931 where 46,459 people left nitrate fields to the main cities of Chile, such as
349:
These policies contributed to an industrial recovery and for the industry to already by 1934 surpass the levels of activity of 1929. In the 1930s the massive industrial growth was spearheaded by the textile industry, but non-metallic mining, chemical industries and machine and transport factories did
321:
declared Chile the worst affected nation by the depression. Such economic devastation worsened Chile's economic prosperity, highlighted particularly in 1932 that exemplifies a rapid fall in exports, imports, GDP and the value of industrial production from pre-depression levels. Chiles exports dropped
369:
During this period of the Great depression, Chile's sluggish economic growth throughout 1929-1932 is further representative of the rising unemployment and decrease in the production of nitrate. A decrease in employment in Chile's mining sector is exemplified from 1929 to 1932, in which the number of
378:
sprang up in
Santiago while homeless people begun to dwell in caves in the hills around Santiago. Thus, the working class was primarily subject to the social consequences, such as poverty, created by this rise in unemployment and deterioration of mining exports, in particular nitrate, during the
325:
Chile's economic struggles during the
Depression were further compounded by a decrease of foreign loans. This contributed to an increase in Chile's budget deficit and reduced government revenue, resultant of their heavy reliance on Foreign financial support, in particular US support, to drive
379:
Depression. Working class struggle combined with economic decline lead to the printing of more money by Chile's president Juan
Antonio Montero in April 1932. This allowed the government to pay $ 152 million pesos towards government expenses, public works and public aid for the unemployed.
326:
Economic growth pre-depression. Whilst Chile in 1929 received a total of US$ 338 million of foreign loans, in 1932 they only received US 23 million. In this same period, Chile's budget deficit rose from 31% of total expenditure in 1931 to 37% in 1932.
1279:
1289:
1259:
1122:
1284:
1199:
1264:
346:, increasing internal demand and increasing control over the "flux and use" of foreign currency. Quotas and licences were established for imports and the gold convertibility was once again abolished in 1931.
1042:
1112:
178:
1214:
1132:
977:
1254:
1204:
194:
1307:
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1312:
1302:
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1219:
1274:
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992:
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110:
314:
374:
and other provincial cities. Miners constituted around 6% of the active population but made up more than half of the unemployed during the crisis. Numerous
284:
47:
736:
140:
128:
967:
952:
277:
407:
875:
1137:
880:
860:
835:
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also expand. Overall industry recovered and expanded faster than the traditional exports in the post depression period.
1349:
270:
1319:
919:
855:
708:
675:
204:
67:
870:
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729:
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145:
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1007:
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820:
815:
784:
150:
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914:
845:
840:
764:
722:
95:
19:
536:"La misiĂłn Kemmerer en Chile: Consejeros norteamericanos, estabilizaciĂłn y endeudamiento, 1925-1932"
938:
700:
32:
338:
to fall in July 1931 followed by a succession of short-lived governments until the election of
543:
535:
8:
1166:
850:
199:
105:
100:
72:
599:
135:
115:
665:
Historia contemporánea de Chile III. La economĂa: mercados empresarios y trabajadores.
704:
688:
671:
603:
339:
318:
930:
745:
591:
580:
Lee, C. H. (1969), "The
Effects of the Depression on Primary Producing Countries",
298:
245:
656:
412:
310:
77:
595:
239:
1343:
692:
667:
209:
375:
362:
227:
52:
408:"El impacto de la Gran DepresiĂłn en Chile: De la prosperidad a la pobreza"
660:
342:
in
December 1932. The state responded to the crisis by gradually raising
233:
358:
896:
155:
62:
1171:
774:
683:
Latin
America in the 1930s: the role of the periphery in world crisis
306:
1157:
901:
714:
371:
57:
353:
343:
302:
184:
24:
515:
513:
511:
960:
564:
508:
551:
1341:
495:
329:
354:Migration, unemployment and social consequences
334:The crisis caused the authoritarian regime of
946:
730:
695:; Silva, Fernando; Estelle, Patricio (1974).
278:
1280:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
632:
630:
953:
939:
737:
723:
285:
271:
488:
486:
431:
429:
389:
649:Drinot, Paulo & Knight Alan (2014).
627:
529:
527:
525:
357:
1342:
570:Salazar & Pinto 2002, pp. 143-144.
519:Salazar & Pinto 2002, pp. 141-142.
483:
426:
934:
718:
651:The Great Depression in Latin America
533:
522:
301:that begun 1929 was felt strongly in
744:
188:(Production Development Corporation)
579:
573:
13:
14:
1366:
179:Copper mining during World War II
1156:
1123:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
961:Great Depression in the Americas
636:Drinot & Knight 2014, p. 67.
624:Drinot & Knight 2014, p. 56.
615:Drinot & Knight 2014, p. 10.
31:
643:
618:
609:
583:Journal of Contemporary History
365:to feed the unemployed in 1932.
474:
465:
456:
447:
438:
1:
382:
330:Political impact and response
7:
10:
1371:
596:10.1177/002200946900400409
151:Tierra del Fuego gold rush
1350:Economic history of Chile
1298:
1265:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1165:
1154:
966:
910:
889:
798:
765:Wall Street Crash of 1929
752:
1285:Turks and Caicos Islands
681:Thorp, Rosemary (2000).
141:"Oreros" and "Papeleros"
770:Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
701:Editorial Universitaria
534:Drake, Paul W. (1984),
336:Carlos Ibáñez del Campo
1200:British Virgin Islands
785:Recession of 1937–1938
366:
205:Copper nationalization
195:UN Economic Commission
1113:Saint Kitts and Nevis
685:. Palgrave Macmillan.
544:Cuadernos de historia
361:
315:World Economic Survey
561:. 1974, pp. 767-768.
505:. 1974, pp. 762-763.
222:Return of liberalism
1290:U.S. Virgin Islands
1133:Trinidad and Tobago
978:Antigua and Barbuda
462:Thorp 2000, p. 335.
453:Thorp 2000, p. 334.
444:Thorp 2000, p. 332.
305:from 1930 to 1932.
1043:Dominican Republic
689:Villalobos, Sergio
492:Thorp 2000, p. 66.
480:Thorp 2000, p. 65.
471:Thorp 2000, p. 67.
435:Thorp 2000, p. 64.
367:
257:2004 energy crisis
146:Sheep-farming boom
129:Saltpetre Republic
1337:
1336:
928:
927:
697:Historia De Chile
340:Arturo Alessandri
319:League of Nations
295:
294:
111:Early coal mining
96:Independence debt
1362:
1355:Great Depression
1255:Saint Barthélemy
1215:Falkland Islands
1160:
955:
948:
941:
932:
931:
780:Effect in cities
746:Great Depression
739:
732:
725:
716:
715:
657:Salazar, Gabriel
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634:
625:
622:
616:
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607:
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299:Great Depression
287:
280:
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246:Miracle of Chile
189:
161:Great Depression
73:Century of wheat
35:
20:Economic history
16:
15:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1363:
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1360:
1359:
1340:
1339:
1338:
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1308:Central America
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413:Memoria Chilena
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332:
313:collapsed. The
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191:
187:
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173:Internal growth
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165:
131:
121:
120:
116:Long Depression
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83:
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78:Bourbon reforms
48:Colonial mining
43:
21:
12:
11:
5:
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1270:Sint Eustatius
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1205:Cayman Islands
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876:United Kingdom
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693:Silva, Osvaldo
686:
679:
654:
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626:
617:
608:
590:(4): 139–155,
572:
563:
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473:
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455:
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425:
387:
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384:
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355:
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331:
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311:copper exports
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90:Early republic
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68:Alerce logging
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60:
55:
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44:
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28:
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9:
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4:
3:
2:
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1328:South America
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1320:Latin America
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1303:North America
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1220:French Guiana
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1138:United States
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890:United States
888:
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881:United States
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869:
867:
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862:
859:
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856:Latin America
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721:
720:
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710:
709:956-11-1163-2
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
687:
684:
680:
677:
676:956-282-172-2
673:
669:
668:LOM Ediciones
666:
662:
658:
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652:
648:
647:
633:
631:
621:
612:
605:
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512:
504:
498:
489:
487:
477:
468:
459:
450:
441:
432:
430:
415:
414:
409:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
388:
380:
377:
376:soup kitchens
373:
364:
360:
351:
347:
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341:
337:
327:
323:
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316:
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308:
304:
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250:
247:
243:
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231:
229:
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219:
218:
211:
210:Vuskovic plan
208:
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177:
176:
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159:
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149:
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139:
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136:Saltpetre War
134:
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39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
26:
23:
18:
17:
1326:
1275:Sint Maarten
1260:Saint Martin
1167:Dependencies
1017:
871:South Africa
825:
699:(14th ed.).
696:
682:
664:
661:Pinto, Julio
650:
644:Bibliography
620:
611:
587:
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558:
553:
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502:
497:
476:
467:
458:
449:
440:
417:, retrieved
411:
368:
363:Soup kitchen
348:
333:
324:
296:
252:Asian crisis
232:
228:Chicago Boys
160:
53:Real Situado
42:Colonial era
1245:Puerto Rico
1172:territories
1118:Saint Lucia
1053:El Salvador
861:Netherlands
557:Villalobos
501:Villalobos
240:1982 crisis
234:El ladrillo
200:Land reform
106:Wheat cycle
101:Silver rush
1344:Categories
1240:Montserrat
1235:Martinique
1230:Guadeloupe
1028:Costa Rica
897:Bonus Army
799:By country
547:(4): 31–59
383:References
156:Meat riots
63:Encomienda
1313:Caribbean
1225:Greenland
1148:Venezuela
1093:Nicaragua
1063:Guatemala
983:Argentina
968:Sovereign
811:Australia
806:Argentina
775:Dust Bowl
604:161609090
307:Saltpetre
1180:Anguilla
1128:Suriname
1103:Paraguay
1078:Honduras
1038:Dominica
1023:Colombia
993:Barbados
915:Category
902:New Deal
790:Timeline
663:(2002).
419:June 30,
372:Santiago
58:Hacienda
1210:Curaçao
1195:Bonaire
1190:Bermuda
1143:Uruguay
1083:Jamaica
1058:Grenada
1048:Ecuador
1003:Bolivia
988:Bahamas
920:Commons
866:Romania
836:Germany
344:tariffs
317:of the
1098:Panama
1088:Mexico
1068:Guyana
1013:Canada
1008:Brazil
998:Belize
970:states
831:France
821:Canada
816:Brazil
760:Causes
753:Topics
707:
674:
602:
1185:Aruba
1073:Haiti
1018:Chile
851:Japan
846:Italy
841:India
826:Chile
600:S2CID
559:et al
539:(PDF)
503:et al
303:Chile
185:CORFO
25:Chile
1250:Saba
1170:and
1108:Peru
1033:Cuba
705:ISBN
672:ISBN
421:2013
309:and
297:The
592:doi
1346::
703:.
691:;
670:.
659:;
629:^
598:,
586:,
541:,
524:^
510:^
485:^
428:^
410:,
391:^
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954:e
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940:v
738:e
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711:.
678:.
653:.
594::
588:4
286:e
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272:v
248:"
244:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
