424:
432:
133:
376:
384:
42:
459:, which for the second time, reused stones from an inscription-bearing wall that also had been incorporated into the foundation of an earlier Hellenistic structure. Although portions of the inscriptions have been placed in museums such as the Louvre in Paris, a modern structure at the site of the mostly ruined Odeon now houses many of the stones bearing the famous law code."
506:, who became the kings of the three Minoan Palaces in Crete. The identification of Europa in this myth gives weight to the claim that the civilization of the European continent was born on the island of Crete. A colossal statue of Europa sitting on the back of a bull was discovered at the amphitheatre in Gortyna in the nineteenth century and is now in the collections of the
331:. Ruins of a settlement on the citadel of Gortyn, were discovered and dated back to 1050 BC, their collapse dating to the seventh century BC. Later the area was fortified with a wall. At the top of the hill in the citadel a temple was found dating to the 7th century BC. In this area two embossed plates were found, along with several other sculptures and paintings.
395:, the seat of the Roman Governor of Crete. The Praetorium was built in the 1st century AD, but it was altered significantly over the next eight centuries. In the same area, between the Agora and the temple of Apollo are the ruins of the Roman baths (thermae), as well as the temple of Apollo, an honorary arch, and the temple of the
411:. Parts of the Roman settlement, such as the theater (2nd century AD), have been unearthed during excavations. The theater has two entrances and a half-circular orchestra, the outline of which may still be seen today. Behind the Roman Theater are what has been called the "Queen of the Inscriptions". These inscriptions are the
233:
in importance and splendour; in early times these two great towns had entered into a league which enabled them to reduce the whole of Crete under their power; in after-times when dissensions arose among them they were engaged in continual hostilities. It was originally of very considerable size,
299:
is said to have been surrounded by poplars which bore fruits; and on the banks of the
Lethaeus was another famous spring, which the naturalists said was shaded by a plane-tree, which retained its foliage through the winter, and which the people believed to have covered the marriage-bed of
250:, who had been invited over by the inhabitants, assumed the command of the forces of Gortyna. In 197 BC, five hundred of the Gortynians, under their commander, Cydas, which seems to have been a common name at Gortyna, joined
913:
534:, were blown off course to the Gortyn coastline. Homer describes stormy seas that pushed the ships against a sharp reef, ultimately destroying many of the vessels but sparing the crew.
242:
had begun to enclose it with fresh walls; but the work was not carried on for more than 8 stadia. In the
Peloponnesian War, Gortyna seems to have had relations with
1040:
951:
154:
147:
937:Επίτομο Γεωγραφικό Λεξικό της Ελλάδος (Geographical Dictionary of Greece), Μιχαήλ Σταματελάτος, Φωτεινή Βάμβα-Σταματελάτου, εκδ. Ερμής, ΑΘήνα 2001
466:. The curator of the Taranto Museum spoke in Greek and told the famous and political guests that, "Greece is not part of Europe, it is Europe."
838:
995:
990:
262:
1020:
296:
324:
443:
Among archaeologists, ancient historians, and classicists Gortyn is known today primarily because of the 1884 discovery of the
1010:
847:
510:. Many coins were found with Europa representations on the back, showing that the people honored Europa as a great goddess.
197:
1035:
415:
of the city of Gortyn, which are inscribed in the Dorian dialect on large stone slabs and are still plainly visible.
216:
351:
were found on the south side of the citadel. Regarding the lower town, the excavation uncovered the position of the
169:
771:
677:
292:
1005:
1015:
176:
1000:
503:
462:
A copy of the code has been returned to Athens by the
Italian Museum in Taranto and is now housed in the
295:, who commenced his tour of the island with this place. In the neighbourhood of Gortyna, the fountain of
183:
251:
1025:
283:
165:
818:
736:
143:
891:
Marg. Guarducci, Gortyniarum legum titulus maximus (page 123, 4th book - Inscriptiones creticae)
315:, where extensive ruins of the ancient town remain. It is a major archaeological site in Crete.
712:
616:
104:
84:
478:
has it that Gortyn was the site of one of Zeus' many affairs. This myth features the princess
103:
poems under the form of Γορτύν; but afterwards became usually
Gortyna (Γόρτυνα). According to
494:), a tree that may be seen today in Gortys. Following this affair three children were born,
1030:
336:
8:
882:Ι.Α. Typaldos - Interpretation of the Gortyn inscription discovered at 1884 (Athens 1887)
756:
463:
423:
479:
332:
301:
239:
843:
555:
448:
190:
456:
54:
35:
24:
863:
833:
813:
731:
475:
435:
Inheritance regulations, fragment of the 11th column of the Law Code of
Gortyna,
278:
867:
451:. The code was discovered on the site of a structure built by the Roman emperor
659:
507:
431:
356:
243:
235:
28:
984:
966:
953:
482:, whose name has been applied to the continent, Europe. Disguised as a bull,
360:
348:
328:
96:
842:. Princeton University Press. p. 60, and directory notes accompanying.
427:
Fragmentary boustrophedon inscription (code of law) in the agora of
Gortyna.
499:
652:
549:
444:
247:
447:, which is both the oldest and most complete known example of a code of
776:
672:
531:
392:
340:
266:
132:
691:
543:
527:
491:
255:
751:
601:
522:
487:
404:
375:
364:
288:
274:
230:
19:
This article is about the ancient town. For the modern town, see
647:
452:
436:
408:
344:
312:
270:
20:
238:; but when he wrote it was very much diminished. He adds that
34:"Gortys" redirects here. For the ancient city of Arcadia, see
596:
581:
576:
495:
396:
383:
352:
327:. The excavations showed that Gortyn was inhabited from the
100:
41:
60:
707:
483:
400:
305:
75:
69:
412:
57:
277:, and is mentioned by numerous ancient writers —
359:, which is 600 meters from the agora. At the foot of
72:
66:
63:
615:
347:, were found in the temple. Graves dating to the
982:
530:and his fleet of ships, returning home from the
323:Excavations of Gortyn were begun in 1884 by the
832:
261:Gortyna stood on a plain watered by the river
839:Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
1041:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Crete
862:
490:and they had an affair under a plane tree (
269:, on which were situated its two harbours,
469:
265:, and at a distance of 90 stadia from the
217:Learn how and when to remove this message
642:
640:
638:
636:
430:
422:
382:
374:
40:
924:In general cf. Davaras, Costis (2001).
325:Italian School of Archaeology at Athens
234:since Strabo reckons its circuit at 50
23:. For the Arcadian municipal unit, see
983:
671:
153:Please improve this section by adding
770:
633:
399:deities with the worship statues of
343:pottery, especially the type called
126:
750:
558:(d.180), Bishop of Gortyn and saint
16:Ancient settlement in Crete, Greece
13:
904:(1992) University of Chicago Press
646:
552:(d.107), Bishop of Crete and saint
27:. For the noctuid moth genus, see
14:
1052:
996:Former populated places in Greece
991:Populated places in ancient Crete
944:
869:Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire
812:
730:
595:
575:
537:
520:According to Book III of Homer's
391:The heart of Roman Gortyn is the
311:The site of Gortyna is at modern
1021:Roman towns and cities in Greece
926:Führer zu den Altertümern Kretas
706:
678:History of the Peloponnesian War
229:This important city was next to
131:
53:
931:
918:
907:
894:
885:
876:
856:
826:
797:
784:
764:
658:Page numbers refer to those of
335:and many other clay figurines,
902:Greek and Egyptian Mythologies
744:
724:
700:
685:
665:
609:
589:
569:
513:
363:are traces of a sanctuary of
318:
1:
562:
155:secondary or tertiary sources
1011:Locations in Greek mythology
370:
7:
928:, Athens, pp. 201–205.
418:
379:Detail of the ancient Odeon
355:(market) and the temple of
10:
1057:
546:(7th century BC), musician
122:
88:
33:
18:
914:British Museum Collection
284:Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax
107:it was originally called
1036:Neolithic sites in Crete
95:(Γορτύν)) was a town of
967:35.063079°N 24.946866°E
470:Myth of Europa and Zeus
1006:Locations in the Iliad
720:]. Vol. 33.3.
617:Stephanus of Byzantium
440:
428:
388:
380:
304:and the metamorphosed
142:relies excessively on
105:Stephanus of Byzantium
46:
1016:Minoan sites in Crete
713:Ab urbe condita Libri
656:. Vol. x. p.478.
486:abducted Europa from
434:
426:
386:
378:
99:which appears in the
44:
972:35.063079; 24.946866
760:. Vol. 3.17.10.
387:Saint Titus Basilica
281:, the author of the
252:Quinctius Flamininus
963: /
1001:Cretan city-states
819:Naturalis Historia
737:Naturalis Historia
605:. Vol. 3.294.
585:. Vol. 2.646.
441:
429:
389:
381:
246:. In 201 BC,
240:Ptolemy Philopator
47:
849:978-0-691-03169-9
822:. Vol. 12.1.
740:. Vol. 4.20.
681:. Vol. 2.85.
556:Philip of Gortyna
449:ancient Greek law
227:
226:
219:
201:
45:Ruins of Gortyna.
1048:
1026:Spartan colonies
978:
977:
975:
974:
973:
968:
964:
961:
960:
959:
956:
938:
935:
929:
922:
916:
911:
905:
898:
892:
889:
883:
880:
874:
873:
860:
854:
853:
830:
824:
823:
801:
795:
788:
782:
781:
768:
762:
761:
748:
742:
741:
728:
722:
721:
704:
698:
689:
683:
682:
669:
663:
657:
644:
631:
630:
613:
607:
606:
593:
587:
586:
573:
333:Daedalic plastic
222:
215:
211:
208:
202:
200:
159:
135:
127:
91:; also known as
90:
82:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
36:Gortys (Arcadia)
25:Gortyna, Arcadia
1056:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1045:
981:
980:
971:
969:
965:
962:
957:
954:
952:
950:
949:
947:
942:
941:
936:
932:
923:
919:
912:
908:
900:Yves Bonnefoy,
899:
895:
890:
886:
881:
877:
864:Lund University
861:
857:
850:
834:Richard Talbert
831:
827:
802:
798:
789:
785:
769:
765:
749:
745:
729:
725:
718:History of Rome
705:
701:
690:
686:
670:
666:
645:
634:
614:
610:
594:
590:
574:
570:
565:
540:
518:
476:Greek mythology
472:
421:
373:
321:
279:Pliny the Elder
223:
212:
206:
203:
160:
158:
152:
148:primary sources
136:
125:
56:
52:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
946:
945:External links
943:
940:
939:
930:
917:
906:
893:
884:
875:
855:
848:
836:, ed. (2000).
825:
796:
783:
763:
743:
723:
699:
684:
664:
660:Isaac Casaubon
632:
608:
588:
567:
566:
564:
561:
560:
559:
553:
547:
539:
538:Notable people
536:
517:
512:
508:British Museum
471:
468:
420:
417:
372:
369:
357:Pythian Apollo
320:
317:
225:
224:
139:
137:
130:
124:
121:
111:(Λάρισσα) and
29:Gortyna (moth)
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1053:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
979:
976:
934:
927:
921:
915:
910:
903:
897:
888:
879:
871:
870:
865:
859:
851:
845:
841:
840:
835:
829:
821:
820:
815:
810:
809:de Re Rustic.
806:
800:
793:
787:
779:
778:
773:
767:
759:
758:
757:The Geography
753:
747:
739:
738:
733:
727:
719:
715:
714:
709:
703:
696:
693:
688:
680:
679:
674:
668:
661:
655:
654:
649:
643:
641:
639:
637:
628:
624:
621:
618:
612:
604:
603:
598:
592:
584:
583:
578:
572:
568:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
541:
535:
533:
529:
525:
524:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
467:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
438:
433:
425:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
385:
377:
368:
366:
362:
361:Prophet Elias
358:
354:
350:
349:Geometric age
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:Neolithic age
326:
316:
314:
309:
307:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
221:
218:
210:
207:February 2024
199:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
168: –
167:
163:
162:Find sources:
156:
150:
149:
145:
140:This section
138:
134:
129:
128:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:ancient Crete
94:
86:
85:Ancient Greek
80:
51:
43:
37:
30:
26:
22:
948:
933:
925:
920:
909:
901:
896:
887:
878:
868:
858:
837:
828:
817:
808:
807:1.15; Varr.
804:
803:Theophrast.
799:
791:
790:Theophrast.
786:
775:
766:
755:
746:
735:
726:
717:
711:
702:
694:
687:
676:
667:
662:'s edition.
651:
626:
625:. Vol.
623:
620:
611:
600:
591:
580:
571:
521:
519:
514:
500:Rhadamanthys
473:
461:
442:
390:
337:black-figure
322:
310:
282:
260:
228:
213:
204:
194:
187:
180:
173:
161:
141:
116:
112:
108:
92:
49:
48:
1031:Roman Crete
970: /
653:Geographica
550:Saint Titus
515:The Odyssey
464:Greek Vouli
445:Gortyn code
319:Archaeology
248:Philopoemen
119:(Κρήμνια).
985:Categories
958:24°56′49″E
955:35°03′47″N
777:Synecdemus
673:Thucydides
563:References
532:Trojan War
474:Classical
393:Praetorium
341:red-figure
267:Libyan Sea
177:newspapers
144:references
772:Hierocles
371:Monuments
293:Hierocles
166:"Gortyna"
692:Plutarch
629:Γόρτυνα.
544:Thaletas
528:Menelaus
504:Sarpedon
492:platanus
419:Law code
397:Egyptian
275:Metallum
263:Lethaeus
256:Thessaly
752:Ptolemy
622:Ethnica
602:Odyssey
523:Odyssey
488:Lebanon
405:Serapis
365:Demeter
289:Ptolemy
231:Knossos
191:scholar
123:History
117:Kremnia
113:Cremnia
109:Larissa
101:Homeric
89:Γόρτυνα
50:Gortyna
846:
648:Strabo
480:Europa
455:, the
453:Trajan
437:Louvre
409:Anubis
407:, and
345:kernos
313:Gortyn
302:Europa
297:Sauros
291:, and
271:Lebena
244:Athens
236:stadia
193:
186:
179:
172:
164:
93:Gortyn
21:Gortyn
814:Pliny
811:1.7;
805:H. P.
792:H. P.
732:Pliny
716:[
695:Phil.
597:Homer
582:Iliad
577:Homer
496:Minos
457:Odeon
353:agora
198:JSTOR
184:books
844:ISBN
794:3.5.
708:Livy
627:s.v.
502:and
484:Zeus
413:laws
401:Isis
339:and
306:Zeus
273:and
170:news
697:13.
254:in
146:to
115:or
61:ɔːr
987::
866:.
816:.
774:.
754:.
734:.
710:.
675:.
650:.
635:^
619:.
599:.
579:.
526:,
498:,
403:,
367:.
308:.
287:,
258:.
157:.
87::
70:aɪ
872:.
852:.
780:.
439:.
220:)
214:(
209:)
205:(
195:·
188:·
181:·
174:·
151:.
83:(
79:/
76:ə
73:n
67:t
64:ˈ
58:ɡ
55:/
38:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.