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Gortyn

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731: 739: 71: 97: 2185: 628: 950: 958: 58: 78: 1002:, which for the second time, reused stones from an inscription-bearing wall that also had been incorporated into the foundation of an earlier Hellenistic structure. Although portions of the inscriptions have been placed in museums such as the Louvre in Paris, a modern structure at the site of the mostly ruined Odeon now houses many of the stones bearing the famous law code. 1041:, who became the kings of the three Minoan Palaces in Crete. The identification of Europa in this myth gives weight to the claim that the civilization of the European continent was born on the island of Crete. A colossal statue of Europa sitting on the back of a bull was discovered at the amphitheatre in Gortyn in the nineteenth century and is now in the collections of the 879:. Ruins of a settlement on the citadel of Gortyn, were discovered and dated back to 1050 BC, their collapse dating to the seventh century BC. Later the area was fortified with a wall. At the top of the hill in the citadel a temple was found dating to the 7th century BC. In this area two embossed plates were found, along with several other sculptures and paintings. 969:, the seat of the Roman Governor of Crete. The Praetorium was built in the 1st century AD, but it was altered significantly over the next eight centuries. In the same area, between the Agora and the temple of Apollo are the ruins of the Roman baths (thermae), as well as the temple of Apollo, an honorary arch, and the temple of the 973:
deities with the worship statues of Isis, Serapis and Anubis. Parts of the Roman settlement, such as the theater (2nd century AD), have been unearthed during excavations. The theater has two entrances and a half-circular orchestra, the outline of which may still be seen today. Behind the Roman
1128: 795:, the Knossians marched to Gortys and the elders there led them to occupy their citadel. Then they resolved to kill or expel their younger opponents. The young Gortynians took refuge in the port of 1251: 1841: 1836: 1069:, were blown off course to the Gortyn coastline. Homer describes stormy seas that pushed the ships against a sharp reef, ultimately destroying many of the vessels but sparing the crew. 847:
on the island. One of the first Christian churches was built here and the remains of an important Christian cathedral of Crete can still be seen today. This cathedral, dedicated to
851:, the first Bishop of Crete, was erected in the 6th century AD. Built with large isodomic stones, this cathedral keeps its intended height only in the areas of the Holy 1801: 2571: 2586: 799:
and some time later they launched an attack against the port of Gortys, which they occupied in order to besiege their opponents in the citadel of Gortys.
1114:[Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024. 649: 642: 1862: 819: 1262:Επίτομο Γεωγραφικό Λεξικό της Ελλάδος (Geographical Dictionary of Greece), Μιχαήλ Σταματελάτος, Φωτεινή Βάμβα-Σταματελάτου, εκδ. Ερμής, ΑΘήνα 2001 115: 1170: 1146: 2616: 2611: 2596: 48: 872: 404:
The municipality has an area of 464.841 km (179 sq mi), the municipal unit 158.310 km (61 sq mi).
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Among archaeologists, ancient historians, and classicists Gortyn is known today primarily because of the 1884 discovery of the
772:. Gortyn was the most powerful and prosperous city of Crete and took hegemony of the island, dominating the entire valley from 2372: 2339: 1045:. Many coins were found with Europa representations on the back, showing that the people honored Europa as a great goddess. 1013:
Classical Greek mythology has it that Gortyn was the site of one of Zeus' many affairs. This myth features the princess
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A copy of the code has been returned to Athens by the Italian Museum in Taranto and is now housed in the Greek Bouli.
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of the city of Gortyn, which are inscribed in the Dorian dialect on large stone slabs and are still plainly visible.
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in 220 BC the Gortynians were divided by civil strife. The elder Gortynians remained loyal to their traditional ally
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were found on the south side of the citadel. Regarding the lower town, the excavation uncovered the position of the
2566: 664: 1821: 1111: 2631: 1765: 1755: 1350: 1325:~ Written in 1909. Uninformed, judgmental and superficial but good on the aspects relating purely to the church. 2601: 2581: 671: 1811: 1669: 269: 70: 2591: 1714: 1521: 1132: 1038: 678: 2330: 2068: 1503: 2606: 2365: 2290: 2194: 1516: 1305: 174: 2282: 1770: 1300: 660: 319: 169: 2399: 2391: 2310: 638: 385: 1290: 1229:
Marg. Guarducci, Gortyniarum legum titulus maximus (page 123, 4th book - Inscriptiones creticae)
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Theater are what has been called the "Queen of the Inscriptions". These inscriptions are the
248: 1029:), a tree that may be seen today in Gortys. Following this affair three children were born, 2621: 2358: 2295: 1867: 1816: 381:
by merging the following four former municipalities, each of which became municipal units:
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Later in the 2nd century, after the destruction of Phaistos, Gortyn extended its power to
8: 2326: 2202: 1621: 1458: 1415: 1395: 1390: 1343: 1295: 1220:Ι.Α. Typaldos - Interpretation of the Gortyn inscription discovered at 1884 (Athens 1887) 758: 327: 730: 2305: 2266: 1719: 1473: 1280: 1275: 1014: 880: 831: 347: 1285: 2506: 2007: 1938: 1601: 1544: 1493: 1425: 1090: 991: 818:, it avoided the disaster that happened to many other Cretan cities, when invaded by 157: 685: 1882: 1806: 1483: 1468: 1463: 1445: 1112:"Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" 999: 844: 378: 1636: 1313: 2576: 2159: 1913: 1887: 1539: 1488: 1478: 1367: 836: 792: 769: 762: 994:. The code was discovered on the site of a structure built by the Roman emperor 742:
Inheritance regulations, fragment of the 11th column of the Law Code of Gortyn,
2042: 2017: 1872: 1857: 1831: 1694: 1641: 1616: 1534: 1400: 1336: 1042: 900: 738: 323: 314: 290: 2560: 2232: 1999: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1631: 1511: 1453: 1410: 1017:, whose name has been applied to the continent, Europe. Disguised as a bull, 929: 916: 904: 892: 876: 803: 773: 354: 130: 117: 1994: 1943: 1908: 1760: 1689: 1626: 1611: 1529: 1435: 1034: 826: 815: 811: 343: 734:
Fragmentary boustrophedon inscription (code of law) in the agora of Gortyn
2222: 2021: 2012: 1948: 1826: 1729: 1147:"Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" 1084: 1057: 987: 859:. The church structure is a cruciform with a dome which is based on four 856: 780: 2438: 2144: 1892: 1674: 1380: 1066: 966: 884: 807: 366: 362: 361:
mountain, in the current position of the settlements of Metropolis and
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which is both the oldest and most complete known example of a code of
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Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: The Law Code of Gortyn (Crete)
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There is evidence of human occupation in Gortyn as far back as the
1152:(in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from 2539: 2514: 2489: 2419: 2300: 2248: 2237: 2207: 2027: 1964: 1704: 1699: 1684: 1022: 949: 908: 784: 725: 393: 17: 810:
of Egypt, and experienced a new period of prosperity during the
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The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints
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paintings and plenty of pottery, especially the type called
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The municipality Gortyna was formed as part of Greece's
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45 km (28 mi) away from the island's capital,
903:, which is 600 meters from the Agora. At the foot of 839:. The city was destroyed in ca. AD 828 by invading 829:, and became the capital of the joint province of 891:, were found in the temple. Graves dating to the 768:The city's period of greatest prosperity was the 2558: 1065:and his fleet of ships, returning home from the 871:Excavations of Gortyn were begun in 1884 by the 1171:"Weather statistics for Gortyn, Crete (Greece)" 761:period (2600–1100 BC) as well as some from the 350:. The area was first inhabited around 7000 BC. 1281:Hellenic Ministry of Culture: Odeion of Gortyn 338:. The seat of the municipality is the village 2572:Populated places in Heraklion (regional unit) 2366: 2069: 1344: 1310: 1123: 1121: 20:. For the suburb of Manchester, England, see 1129:"ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" 2587:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Crete 1025:and they had an affair under a plane tree ( 304: 298: 37: 2373: 2359: 2076: 2062: 1351: 1337: 1118: 1008: 1776:St. Mark Basilica (Museum of Visual Arts) 1291:History of Gortyn and the Law inscription 883:and many other clay figurines, black and 712:Learn how and when to remove this message 956: 948: 737: 729: 1104: 873:Italian School of Archaeology at Athens 2559: 1211:, published by J. Duffy (1866)J. Duffy 806:. Gortyn had excellent relations with 648:Please improve this section by adding 2354: 2103:8,336 km (3,219 sq mi) 2057: 1332: 1306:The Labyrinth cave system near Gortyn 1276:Hellenic Ministry of Culture: Gortyna 1139: 313: 189:464.8 km (179.5 sq mi) 2381:Subdivisions of the municipality of 1323:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 621: 197:158.3 km (61.1 sq mi) 1093:(d.180), Bishop of Gortyn and saint 820:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus 231: • Municipal unit density 13: 1842:St. Peter of Dominicans, Heraklion 1242:(1992) University of Chicago Press 1087:(d.107), Bishop of Crete and saint 95: 14: 2643: 2617:Former populated places in Greece 2612:Populated places in ancient Crete 1269: 1072: 1055:According to Book III of Homer's 965:The heart of Roman Gortyn is the 787:, while the younger favoured the 2597:Roman towns and cities in Greece 2183: 1469:Classical and Hellenistic period 1317:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 791:. Reinforced by a contingent of 626: 421:Climate data for Gortyn, Greece 76: 69: 56: 1766:Heraklion Archaeological Museum 1756:Archaeological Museum of Chania 1256: 1245: 825:Gortyn continued to rise under 372: 353:It is located in the valley of 1240:Greek and Egyptian Mythologies 1232: 1223: 1214: 1201: 1189: 1163: 1048: 907:are traces of a sanctuary of 866: 77: 1: 1173:. Yr.no. 2016. Archived from 1097: 650:secondary or tertiary sources 2336:Decentralized Administration 944: 814:. As it had allied with the 407: 379:2011 local government reform 7: 981: 953:Detail of the ancient Odeon 899:(market) and the temple of 540:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 470:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 223: • Municipal unit 194: • Municipal unit 10: 2648: 1081:(7th century BC), musician 723: 617: 609: 420: 412: 92:Location within the region 16:For the ancient city, see 15: 2529: 2487: 2428: 2389: 2319: 2280: 2246: 2192: 2181: 2134: 2096: 1987: 1957: 1901: 1850: 1784: 1748: 1657: 1650: 1594: 1553: 1517:Greek War of Independence 1444: 1366: 1358: 1252:British Museum Collection 757:have been found from the 539: 469: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 449: 446: 443: 440: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 305: 299: 294: 255: 238: 230: 222: 214: 207: • Municipality 206: 201: 193: 186: • Municipality 185: 180: 168: 156: 146: 111: 64: 55: 46: 38: 32: 2627:Neolithic sites in Crete 1837:St. Catherine, Heraklion 1822:Küçük Hasan Pasha Mosque 1771:Nautical Museum of Crete 1198:, IV 53, 8-10 and 55, 6. 36: 2567:Municipalities of Crete 2085:Administrative division 1489:Second Byzantine period 1009:Myth of Europa and Zeus 2632:Locations in the Iliad 1802:Agios Titos, Heraklion 1479:First Byzantine period 1311:Siméon Vailhé (1913). 962: 954: 746: 735: 637:relies excessively on 100: 27:Municipality in Greece 2602:Roman sites in Greece 2582:Minoan sites in Crete 1797:Agios Minas Cathedral 1792:Agia Triada Monastery 1499:Revolt of Saint Titus 1421:Eleftherios Venizelos 1320:Catholic Encyclopedia 1021:abducted Europa from 960: 952: 930:35.06333°N 24.94694°E 741: 733: 257: • Summer ( 234:26/km (68/sq mi) 218:30/km (79/sq mi) 158:Administrative region 99: 2109:623,065 (as of 2011) 1995:Cretan Greek dialect 1868:Fortezza of Rethymno 1817:Gouverneto Monastery 1812:Assumption Cathedral 1177:on 21 September 2016 961:Saint Titus Basilica 753:era (7000 BC). Many 357:in the south of the 215: • Density 2327:Stavros Arnaoutakis 2203:Archanes-Asterousia 1622:Kourtaliotiko Gorge 1416:Dimitrios Kallergis 1396:Vitsentzos Kornaros 1391:Georgios Chortatzis 926: /  131:35.0631°N 24.9469°E 127: /  2592:Cretan city-states 2530:Municipal unit of 2488:Municipal unit of 2429:Municipal unit of 2390:Municipal unit of 2267:Oropedio Lasithiou 1474:Creta et Cyrenaica 1133:Government Gazette 963: 955: 935:35.06333; 24.94694 843:, who established 832:Creta et Cyrenaica 747: 736: 348:Creta et Cyrenaica 315:[ˈɣortina] 101: 2554: 2553: 2348: 2347: 2323:Regional governor 2281:Regional unit of 2247:Regional unit of 2193:Regional unit of 2135:Regional unit of 2051: 2050: 2008:Cretan literature 1983: 1982: 1602:Agia Eirini Gorge 1545:Cretan resistance 1494:Kingdom of Candia 1426:Nikos Kazantzakis 1091:Philip of Gortyna 992:ancient Greek law 722: 721: 714: 696: 614: 613: 342:. Gortyn was the 276: 275: 2639: 2607:Spartan colonies 2480:Vasilika Anogeia 2375: 2368: 2361: 2352: 2351: 2187: 2078: 2071: 2064: 2055: 2054: 2003: 1807:Arkadi Monastery 1655: 1654: 1525: 1507: 1484:Emirate of Crete 1464:Mycenaean period 1353: 1346: 1339: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1316: 1301:Photos of Gortyn 1286:Gortyn or Gortys 1263: 1260: 1254: 1249: 1243: 1236: 1230: 1227: 1221: 1218: 1212: 1205: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1151: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1125: 1116: 1115: 1108: 941: 940: 938: 937: 936: 931: 927: 924: 923: 922: 919: 881:Daedalic plastic 717: 710: 706: 703: 697: 695: 654: 630: 622: 418: 417: 317: 312: 308: 307: 302: 301: 296: 262: 142: 141: 139: 138: 137: 136:35.0631; 24.9469 132: 128: 125: 124: 123: 120: 80: 79: 73: 60: 41: 40: 30: 29: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2525: 2483: 2424: 2385: 2379: 2349: 2344: 2315: 2291:Agios Vasileios 2276: 2242: 2188: 2179: 2160:Kantanos-Selino 2130: 2092: 2082: 2052: 2047: 2002:(icon painting) 2001: 1979: 1953: 1914:Lasithi Plateau 1897: 1846: 1780: 1744: 1646: 1590: 1549: 1540:Battle of Crete 1523: 1505: 1440: 1362: 1357: 1314:"Gortyna"  1272: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1250: 1246: 1238:Yves Bonnefoy, 1237: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1206: 1202: 1194: 1190: 1180: 1178: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1156: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1127: 1126: 1119: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1075: 1053: 1011: 984: 947: 934: 932: 928: 925: 920: 917: 915: 913: 912: 869: 845:their own state 770:Hellenistic era 728: 718: 707: 701: 698: 655: 653: 647: 643:primary sources 631: 620: 615: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 415: 410: 375: 365:, and near the 310: 256: 135: 133: 129: 126: 121: 118: 116: 114: 113: 107: 106: 105: 104: 103: 102: 93: 88: 87: 86: 85: 81: 51: 42: 35: 28: 25: 12: 11: 5: 2645: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2552: 2551: 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Retrieved 1175:the original 1165: 1154:the original 1141: 1131:(in Greek). 1106: 1056: 1054: 1049: 1035:Rhadamanthys 1012: 1004: 985: 964: 870: 830: 824: 812:Roman period 801: 778: 767: 748: 708: 699: 689: 682: 675: 668: 656: 636: 403: 386:Agia Varvara 376: 373:Municipality 352: 320:municipality 286: 282: 278: 277: 49:Municipality 2622:Roman Crete 2329:(reelected 2306:Mylopotamos 2223:Hersonissos 2013:Cretan lyra 1827:Moni Toplou 1730:Polyrrhenia 1720:Monastiraki 1504:Cretan War 1085:Saint Titus 1058:The Odyssey 1050:The Odyssey 988:Gortyn Code 933: / 867:Archaeology 857:pastophoria 781:Lyttian War 779:During the 776:to Levina. 346:capital of 134: / 2561:Categories 2446:Ampelouzos 2439:Agioi Deka 2407:Ano Moulia 2145:Apokoronas 2115:24 (since 2106:Population 1893:Spinalonga 1851:Fortresses 1675:Eleutherna 1381:Epimenides 1098:References 1067:Trojan War 967:Praetorium 921:24°56′49″E 885:red figure 827:Roman rule 822:in 68 BC. 808:Ptolemy IV 672:newspapers 639:references 367:Libyan Sea 363:Agioi Deka 359:Psiloritis 340:Agioi Deka 330:island of 311:pronounced 202:Population 122:24°56′49″E 119:35°03′47″N 2497:Ano Akria 2465:Mitropoli 2457:Gkagkales 2450:Apesokari 2262:Ierapetra 2218:Heraklion 2195:Heraklion 2170:Platanias 2126:Heraklion 2033:Mantinada 1939:Mount Ida 1919:Lefka Ori 1878:Gramvousa 1785:Religious 1651:Landmarks 1576:Ierapetra 1571:Heraklion 1524:(1866–69) 1506:(1645–69) 945:Monuments 918:35°3′48″N 849:St. Titus 793:Aetolians 755:artifacts 751:Neolithic 610:Source: 408:Geography 336:Heraklion 322:, and an 240:Time zone 175:Heraklion 2544:Nyvritos 2477:Vasiliki 2474:Vagionia 2468:Platanos 2311:Rethymno 2283:Rethymno 2228:Malevizi 2165:Kissamos 2038:Minotaur 1735:Tylissos 1725:Phaistos 1665:Archanes 1607:Ha Gorge 1581:Rethymno 1431:Sfakians 1406:El Greco 1386:Nearchus 1196:Polybius 1079:Thaletas 1063:Menelaus 1039:Sarpedon 1027:platanus 982:Law code 971:Egyptian 797:Phaistos 789:Lyttians 661:"Gortyn" 605:(58.79) 600:(51.26) 595:(56.12) 590:(62.06) 585:(67.28) 575:(71.42) 570:(66.56) 565:(59.54) 560:(53.78) 555:(49.28) 545:(48.38) 535:(70.97) 530:(61.88) 525:(67.28) 520:(74.12) 515:(79.52) 510:(82.76) 500:(80.78) 495:(74.12) 480:(59.18) 2547:Panasos 2540:Gergeri 2519:Sternes 2515:Stavies 2511:Sokaras 2503:Dionysi 2490:Kofinas 2431:Gortyna 2420:Prinias 2383:Gortyna 2301:Anogeia 2249:Lasithi 2238:Viannos 2213:Gortyna 2208:Faistos 2122:Capital 2087:of the 2028:Kri-kri 2018:Cuisine 1988:Culture 1965:Elounda 1902:Natural 1883:Kazarma 1749:Museums 1705:Kydonia 1700:Knossos 1685:Gournia 1670:Armenoi 1658:Ancient 1446:History 1023:Lebanon 909:Demeter 861:pillars 855:and in 785:Knossos 774:Messara 726:Gortyna 686:scholar 618:History 580:(71.6) 550:(48.2) 505:(83.3) 490:(68.0) 485:(61.7) 475:(59.0) 413:Climate 394:Kofinas 390:Gortyna 355:Messara 318:) is a 306:Γόρτυνα 287:Gortyna 147:Country 39:Γόρτυνα 18:Gortyna 2577:Gortyn 2532:Rouvas 2522:Stoloi 2507:Loures 2461:Miamou 2413:Larani 2272:Siteia 2175:Sfakia 2155:Gavdos 2150:Chania 2137:Chania 2091:Region 1970:Sfakia 1924:Matala 1888:Koules 1863:Firkas 1858:Aptera 1740:Zakros 1695:Kommos 1680:Gortyn 1595:Gorges 1586:Siteia 1566:Chania 1368:People 1015:Europa 998:, the 996:Trajan 889:kernos 816:Romans 804:Matala 759:Minoan 744:Louvre 688:  681:  674:  667:  659:  426:Month 399:Rouvas 300:Γόρτυς 295:Γόρτυν 283:Gortys 279:Gortyn 210:14,167 151:Greece 84:Gortyn 34:Gortyn 22:Gorton 2500:Asimi 2471:Plora 2410:Douli 2340:Crete 2296:Amari 2089:Crete 2043:Music 1975:Souda 1958:Other 1715:Malia 1376:Minos 1360:Crete 1157:(PDF) 1150:(PDF) 1031:Minos 1000:Odeon 897:Agora 841:Arabs 837:Crete 693:JSTOR 679:books 603:14.88 598:10.70 593:13.40 588:16.70 583:19.60 573:21.90 568:19.20 563:15.30 558:12.10 533:21.65 528:16.60 523:19.60 518:23.40 513:26.40 508:28.20 498:27.10 493:23.40 478:15.10 465:Year 344:Roman 332:Crete 303:, or 291:Greek 266:UTC+3 245:UTC+2 226:4,137 163:Crete 2331:2014 2117:2011 2100:Area 2022:wine 1710:Lato 1183:2016 1037:and 1019:Zeus 976:laws 853:Bema 665:news 578:22.0 553:9.60 543:9.10 503:28.5 488:20.0 483:16.5 473:15.0 462:Dec 459:Nov 456:Oct 453:Sep 450:Aug 447:Jul 444:Jun 441:May 438:Apr 435:Mar 432:Feb 429:Jan 270:EEST 181:Area 1949:Vai 641:to 548:9.0 285:or 259:DST 249:EET 2563:: 1120:^ 1061:, 1033:, 911:. 863:. 652:. 369:. 309:, 297:, 293:: 281:, 2374:e 2367:t 2360:v 2333:) 2119:) 2077:e 2070:t 2063:v 2024:) 2020:( 1352:e 1345:t 1338:v 1185:. 1135:. 715:) 709:( 704:) 700:( 690:· 683:· 676:· 669:· 646:. 289:( 272:) 268:( 261:) 251:) 247:( 24:.

Index

Gortyna
Gorton
Municipality

Gortyn is located in Greece

35°03′47″N 24°56′49″E / 35.0631°N 24.9469°E / 35.0631; 24.9469
Greece
Administrative region
Crete
Regional unit
Heraklion
Time zone
UTC+2
EET
DST
UTC+3
EEST
Greek
[ˈɣortina]
municipality
archaeological
Mediterranean
Crete
Heraklion
Agioi Deka
Roman
Creta et Cyrenaica
Messara
Psiloritis

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