33:
241:
166:
485:
24:
397:
502:
It is unknown if glucuronolactone is safe for human consumption due to a lack of proper human or animal trials. However, it likely has limited effects on the human body. Furthermore research on isolated supplements of glucuronolactone is limited, no warnings appear on the
519:
Although levels of glucuronolactone in energy drinks can far exceed those found in the rest of the diet. Research into
Glucuronolactone is too limited to assert claims about its safety The
527:, alcohol or the effects of exercise. The Panel also concluded, based on the data available, that additive interactions between taurine and caffeine on diuretic effects are unlikely.
464:
Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water. Its melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C. The compound can exist in a monocyclic
947:"Protective effects of compound ammonium glycyrrhizin, L‑arginine, silymarin and glucurolactone against liver damage induced by ochratoxin A in primary chicken hepatocytes"
123:
861:
Baker EM, Bierman EL, Plough IC (1960). "Effect of D-glucuronic acid and D-glucuronolactone on ascorbic acid levels in blood and urine of man and dog".
410:
452:
are based on research conducted on energy drinks that contain other active ingredients that have been shown to improve cognitive function, such as
658:"The effectiveness of two energy drinks on selected indices of maximal cardiorespiratory fitness and blood lactate levels in male athletes"
290:
585:
405:
437:
255:
417:
520:
58:
523:(EFSA) has concluded that it is unlikely that glucurono-γ-lactone would have any interaction with caffeine,
504:
198:
161:
822:
219:
76:
Glucuronic acid lactone; Glucurone; Glucurolactone (INN); D-glucurono-gamma-lactone; glucurono-γ-lactone
1028:
449:
1018:
762:"The use of taurine and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone as constituents of the so-called "energy" drinks"
236:
1023:
580:
440:) is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all
45:
207:
143:
98:
8:
88:
240:
165:
971:
946:
682:
657:
32:
976:
878:
801:
783:
687:
669:
469:
441:
966:
958:
870:
773:
677:
563:
375:
313:
187:
575:
532:
708:
537:
388:
484:
1012:
787:
673:
556:
544:
516:
445:
364:
154:
778:
761:
980:
882:
874:
733:
691:
264:
InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h1-5,8-10H/t2-,3+,4-,5+/m0/s1
962:
274:
InChI=1/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h1-5,8-10H/t2-,3+,4-,5+/m0/s1
994:
922:
823:"Glucuronolactone: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning"
612:
566:", though there is a conspicuous lack of systematic reviews on this use.
555:, and humans may also be able to use glucuronolactone as a precursor for
507:
website regarding its potential to cause brain tumors or other maladies.
562:
Glucuronolactone is approved in China and Japan as an over-the-counter "
552:
472:
341:
134:
896:
387:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
465:
453:
23:
734:"Glucuronolactone Benefits & Safety in Red Bull Energy Drinks"
122:
548:
524:
354:
174:
448:. Unfounded claims that glucuronolactone can be used to reduce
806:
488:
476:
632:
112:
920:
224:
656:
Rahnama, Nader; Gaeini, Abbas Ali; Kazemi, Fahimeh (2010).
369:
176 to 178 °C (349 to 352 °F; 449 to 451 K)
709:"Does Glucuronolactone Boost Energy? Benefits vs. Dangers"
945:
Yu, Z; Wu, F; Tian, J; Guo, X; An, R (September 2018).
927:[Package insert for Glucurolactone Tablets].
456:. Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.
738:
Nootriment - Health
Supplement Reviews and Research
655:
459:
860:
1010:
186:
515:Glucuronolactone is an ingredient used in some
97:
944:
586:International Programme on Chemical Safety
239:
164:
142:
970:
777:
681:
206:
543:Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to
483:
662:Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
607:
605:
603:
601:
235:
1011:
995:"NCATS Inxight Drugs — GLUCUROLACTONE"
155:
267:Key: UYUXSRADSPPKRZ-SKNVOMKLSA-N
756:
754:
703:
701:
627:
625:
598:
277:Key: UYUXSRADSPPKRZ-SKNVOMKLBS
177:
13:
921:Beijing Taiyang Pharamaceuticals.
14:
1040:
751:
698:
622:
536:, glucuronolactone is used as a
460:Physical and chemical properties
395:
325:
31:
22:
987:
938:
914:
889:
854:
391:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
839:
815:
794:
726:
649:
521:European Food Safety Authority
331:
319:
1:
897:"KEGG DRUG: Glucuronolactone"
591:
505:Food and Drug Administration
7:
569:
444:. It is sometimes used in
67:)-2--2-hydroxy-acetaldehyde
10:
1045:
951:Molecular Medicine Reports
497:
385:
306:
286:
251:
81:
73:
57:
44:
39:
30:
21:
923:
491:form of glucuronolactone
779:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.935
510:
359:1.76 g/cm (30 °C)
492:
52:-Glucurono-6,3-lactone
963:10.3892/mmr.2018.9285
581:Glucono delta-lactone
487:
59:Systematic IUPAC name
875:10.1093/ajcn/8.3.369
376:Solubility in water
349: g·mol
18:
811:. 21 January 2013.
493:
442:connective tissues
418:Infobox references
298:O=C(O)1OC(=O)(O)1O
16:
426:Chemical compound
424:
423:
220:CompTox Dashboard
124:Interactive image
51:
17:Glucuronolactone
1036:
1029:Tetrahydrofurans
1003:
1002:
991:
985:
984:
974:
957:(3): 2551–2560.
942:
936:
935:
918:
912:
911:
909:
907:
893:
887:
886:
858:
852:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
819:
813:
812:
798:
792:
791:
781:
772:(2): 935. 2009.
758:
749:
748:
746:
745:
730:
724:
723:
721:
720:
705:
696:
695:
685:
653:
647:
646:
644:
643:
629:
620:
616:, 11th Edition,
609:
564:hepatoprotectant
430:Glucuronolactone
408:
402:
399:
398:
348:
333:
327:
321:
314:Chemical formula
244:
243:
228:
226:
210:
190:
179:
168:
157:
146:
126:
101:
49:
35:
26:
19:
15:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1019:Monosaccharides
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
993:
992:
988:
943:
939:
925:
919:
915:
905:
903:
895:
894:
890:
859:
855:
844:
840:
831:
829:
821:
820:
816:
802:"Bull Marketed"
800:
799:
795:
760:
759:
752:
743:
741:
732:
731:
727:
718:
716:
707:
706:
699:
654:
650:
641:
639:
631:
630:
623:
610:
599:
594:
576:Glucuronic acid
572:
533:The Merck Index
513:
500:
462:
427:
420:
415:
414:
413: ?)
404:
400:
396:
392:
378:
346:
336:
330:
324:
316:
302:
299:
294:
293:
282:
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
265:
259:
258:
247:
229:
222:
213:
193:
180:
149:
129:
116:
105:
91:
77:
69:
68:
53:
12:
11:
5:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1024:Gamma-lactones
1021:
1005:
1004:
999:drugs.ncats.io
986:
937:
913:
888:
863:Am J Clin Nutr
853:
838:
814:
793:
750:
725:
697:
668:(3): 127–132.
648:
621:
596:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
583:
578:
571:
568:
512:
509:
499:
496:
495:
494:
461:
458:
434:Glucurolactone
425:
422:
421:
416:
394:
393:
389:standard state
386:
383:
382:
381:26.9 g/100 mL
379:
374:
371:
370:
367:
361:
360:
357:
351:
350:
344:
338:
337:
334:
328:
322:
317:
312:
309:
308:
304:
303:
301:
300:
297:
289:
288:
287:
284:
283:
281:
280:
276:
273:
272:
270:
266:
263:
262:
254:
253:
252:
249:
248:
246:
245:
232:
230:
218:
215:
214:
212:
211:
203:
201:
195:
194:
192:
191:
183:
181:
173:
170:
169:
159:
151:
150:
148:
147:
139:
137:
131:
130:
128:
127:
119:
117:
110:
107:
106:
104:
103:
94:
92:
87:
84:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
62:
61:
55:
54:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1041:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1000:
996:
990:
982:
978:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
934:
933:OTC 甲类、医保乙类
930:
929:yp.120ask.cot
926:
917:
902:
901:www.genome.jp
898:
892:
884:
880:
876:
872:
869:(3): 369–73.
868:
864:
857:
851:
847:
842:
828:
827:www.webmd.com
824:
818:
810:
808:
803:
797:
789:
785:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
757:
755:
739:
735:
729:
714:
710:
704:
702:
693:
689:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
652:
638:
634:
628:
626:
619:
615:
614:
608:
606:
604:
602:
597:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
567:
565:
560:
558:
557:ascorbic acid
554:
550:
546:
545:glucaric acid
541:
539:
535:
534:
530:According to
528:
526:
522:
518:
517:energy drinks
508:
506:
490:
486:
482:
481:
480:
478:
474:
471:
468:form or in a
467:
457:
455:
451:
447:
446:energy drinks
443:
439:
435:
431:
419:
412:
407:
390:
384:
380:
377:
373:
372:
368:
366:
365:Melting point
363:
362:
358:
356:
353:
352:
345:
343:
340:
339:
318:
315:
311:
310:
305:
296:
295:
292:
285:
271:
261:
260:
257:
250:
242:
238:
237:DTXSID6041844
234:
233:
231:
221:
217:
216:
209:
205:
204:
202:
200:
197:
196:
189:
185:
184:
182:
176:
172:
171:
167:
163:
160:
158:
156:ECHA InfoCard
153:
152:
145:
141:
140:
138:
136:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
118:
114:
109:
108:
100:
96:
95:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
72:
66:
60:
56:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
25:
20:
998:
989:
954:
950:
940:
932:
928:
916:
904:. Retrieved
900:
891:
866:
862:
856:
849:
848:, 14th ed.,
845:
841:
830:. Retrieved
826:
817:
805:
796:
769:
766:EFSA Journal
765:
742:. Retrieved
740:. 2015-12-10
737:
728:
717:. Retrieved
715:. 2019-12-05
712:
665:
661:
651:
640:. Retrieved
636:
617:
611:
561:
542:
531:
529:
514:
501:
463:
433:
429:
428:
82:Identifiers
74:Other names
64:
846:Merck Index
613:Merck Index
559:synthesis.
450:"brain fog"
307:Properties
162:100.046.397
1013:Categories
832:2020-10-23
744:2021-07-22
719:2020-10-23
713:SelfHacked
642:2021-07-22
633:"V Energy"
592:References
553:L-xylulose
538:detoxicant
473:hemiacetal
342:Molar mass
208:XE4Y3016M9
135:ChemSpider
111:3D model (
99:32449-92-6
89:CAS Number
46:IUPAC name
906:7 January
788:1831-4732
674:1735-1995
981:30015927
924:葡醛内酯片说明书
883:13795987
692:21526071
570:See also
479:) form.
470:bicyclic
466:aldehyde
454:caffeine
972:6102706
683:3082800
637:v.co.nz
549:xylitol
525:taurine
498:History
411:what is
409: (
355:Density
347:176.124
175:PubChem
979:
969:
881:
807:Snopes
786:
690:
680:
672:
551:, and
489:Lactol
477:lactol
406:verify
403:
291:SMILES
102:
40:Names
256:InChI
188:92283
144:83317
113:JSmol
977:PMID
908:2024
879:PMID
850:4467
809:.com
784:ISSN
688:PMID
670:ISSN
618:4362
540:.
511:Uses
199:UNII
967:PMC
959:doi
871:doi
774:doi
678:PMC
438:INN
432:or
225:EPA
178:CID
1015::
997:.
975:.
965:.
955:18
953:.
949:.
931:.
899:.
877:.
865:.
825:.
804:.
782:.
768:.
764:.
753:^
736:.
711:.
700:^
686:.
676:.
666:15
664:.
660:.
635:.
624:^
600:^
547:,
63:(2
1001:.
983:.
961::
910:.
885:.
873::
867:8
835:.
790:.
776::
770:7
747:.
722:.
694:.
645:.
475:(
436:(
401:N
335:6
332:O
329:8
326:H
323:6
320:C
227:)
223:(
115:)
65:R
50:D
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
-3D-balls.png)
