3915:, p. 434: "This campaign saw Muhammad in control of Lahore and led to visions of further conquests in India. An attack was launched on the Rajput kingdoms controlling the watershed and the western Ganges Plain, now beginning to be viewed as the frontier. The Rajputs gathered together as best they could, not forgetting internal rivalries and jealousies. Prithviraja defeated Muhammad Ghuri at the first battle at Tarain, north of Delhi, in 1191.Muhammad sent for reinforcements and, in 1192, a second battle was fought at the same place. Prithviraja was defeated and the kingdom of Delhi fell to Muhammad, who pressed on and concentrated on capturing the capitals of Rajput kingdoms with the assistance of his General, Qutub ud-din Aibak. Another General, Muhammad Bhaktiyar Khilji, moved to the east where he defeated the Sena King of Bengal. Although Muhammad was assassinated in 1206, this did not lead to the withdrawal of Turkish interests in India. Muhammad had been determined to retain his Indian possessions and his successors had equally ambitious visions of ruling in northern India"
36:
458:
474:
2450:
2684:
3405:, p. 261:"Muhammad of Ghor advanced against Gujarat in AD 1178, which was then ruled by the Chalukyan ruler Bhima II (?Mularaj II?). The bravery and spirited fight put up by him and his allies (among them Kelhan of Nadol, his younger brother, Kirtipal Chauhan, founder of the Jalore line, and the Parmar ruler of Abu, King Dharavarsha, forced the enemy back from the vicinity of Abu, in Rajasthan. According to the Sundha Inscription, this decisive battle took place at Kasahrada, near Abu."
3903:, p. 171 "In 592/1195-96 Muizzuddin again carme to India. He attacked Bayana, which was under Kumarapala, a Jadon Bhatti Rajput. The ruler avoided a confrontation at Bayana, his capital, but went to Thankar and entrenched himself there. He vas, howvever, compelled to surrender. Thankar and Vijayamandirgarh were occupied and put under Bahauddin Tughril. Mu'izzuddin - next marched towards Gwalior. Sallakhanapala of the Parihara dynasty, however, acknowledged the suzerainty of Muizzuddin"
2446:, the outnumbered Ghurid forces were completely routed by the forces of Prithviraj. Muhammad was himself wounded in personal combat with Govind Rai of Delhi. However, he was carried away from the battlefield by a Khalji stripling. The Rajputs, however did not chase the Ghurids in their retreat and followed up their victory by laying siege to the fort of Tabarhind (under possession of Mu'izz's general Qazi Ziauddin Tulaki) which was captured after a long siege of thirteen months.
1374:
1218:
2050:
1806:
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2397:, Muhammad advanced from Ghazna with 20,000 cavalry to eradicate the Ghaznavids. As the Ghurids laid siege to Lahore, Khusrau Malik was hard pressed and soon the garrison capitulated. Khusrau Malik was brought out of his castle in accordance with negotiations but was treacherously imprisoned by Mu'izz al-Din and later executed along with all of his family in 1191 or possibly by 1186 itself. Thus, Mu'izz al-Din overthrew the Ghaznavids by 1186.
465:
2257:
3777:, p. 108: "From Ajmer in Rajasthan, the former capital of the defeated Cahamana Rajputs – also, significantly, the wellspring of Chishti piety the post-1192 pattern of temple desecration moved swiftly down the Gangetic Plain as Turkish military forces sought to extirpate local ruling houses in the late twelfth and early thirteenth century"
2460:
After the disaster of Tarain, Muhammad began his preparations to advance once more in the
Chahamana kingdom and took an oath that he will not "visit his wife" and "change his clothes" till he avenge his defeat. He raised a vast army of Tajik, Turkic and Afghan troopers and advanced again in 1192 with
2222:
further stated that she poisoned her husband and offered to marry her beautiful daughter to the Sultan instead on the condition that after the conquest of the fort, the Sultan will not plunder their royal treasure after the conquest of Uch. Muhammad agreed and married her daughter and converted her
2465:(1192), Prithviraj Chauhan fell for Muhammad Ghori's diplomatic deception, accepting a truce. However, Ghori exploited the opportunity, launching a surprise attack before sunrise, leading to Prithviraj's defeat and Ghori's decisive victory after the final assault by their contingent of 10,000
3345:, p. 244: "We know that Muhammad Ghuri captured both Uch and Multan in 1175, but the history of the former city is less clear. Some Muslim authors, beginning with Ibn al-Athir, state that Uch was held by the Bhatti Rajputs, but the Bhatti annals do not record their ever having held Uch"
3629:, p. 41–42: "Cavalry was not suited for laying siege to forts and Rajputs lacked both the siege machines and infantry to storm and destroy fortress walls. Tulaki was able to keep Prithviraj at bay for thirteen months. Within this time, Mahmud Ghori had raised 120,000 cavalry."
3593:, p. 111: "Leading an alliance of Rajput Rajas, Prithviraja defeated Mu izz-al Din Muhammad Ghauri in first battle of Tarain (1191). The next year in another contest with Muhammad Ghauri at the same battlefield, Prithviraj was defeated, taken prisoner and killed."
3566:
The
Chauhans (Cahamanas) Rajputs had emerged in the later tenth century and established themselves as a paramount poweroverthrowing the Tomar Rajputs. In 1151 the Tomar Rajput rulers (and original builders) of Delhi were overthrown by Visal Dev, the Chauhan ruler of
3694:. Oxford University Press. pp. 68quote=In 1192, one of Mahmud's lieutenants and eventual successors, Muhammad of Ghur, defeated the chief opponent of the Muslim raiders, the Hindu Rajput Raja Prithvi Raj Chauhan, outside of his capital at Lolkat.
3048:
The frequency of Mu'izz al-Din dozen or more campaigns also indicates in part their lack of success in subduing the northern Indian
Rajputs, until victory in the second battle of Tara'in in 588 AH/1192 CE opened the way to the conquest of northern
3678:, p. 167: "The first battle of Tarain was won by the Rajput confederacy led by Prithviraj Chauhan of Ajmer. But when Muhammad of Ghur returned the following year with 10,000 archers on horseback he vanquished Prithviraj and his army"
2583:
after a brief siege to guard the southern flank of Delhi. The newly conquered territory was placed under his senior slave
Bahauddin Turghil who further laid siege to the Gwalior fort and annexed it after subjugating the
2560:. In a decisive battle fought near the modern day Chandawar, the Gahadavalas managed to kept the Ghurid forces at bay until a chance arrow killed Jayachandra and his armies were routed. The Ghurids pillaged the
2370:
who was not capable enough to offer a military resistance considered treaty. He accepted the Ghurid supremacy and further sent his son Malik Shah along with some elephants as hostage for the future conducts.
2231:. However, the authenticity of this account is uncertain as the annals of the Bhattis themselves do not mentioned their rule in Uch. The territory of Uch, thus, was possibly ruled by another sect of the
2786:
All of the Hindu and Jain works collaboratively mentioned that Mu'izz al-Din was defeated at least seven times prior to his victory in Tarain and some of them even exaggerate the number to twenty one.
4081:
2484:
were among the slains. Prithviraj was captured and summarily executed. The
Ghurids penetrated into the core kingdom of the Chahamanas and annexed whole of their Sapādalakṣa territory including
2442:(c. 1166–1192), aided by his Rajput allies gathered a vast army of 100,000 lancers and advanced to dislodge the Ghurid garrison in Bhatinda. In a decisive battle fought north of Delhi in
2238:
The forts of Multan and Uch were placed under Ali
Kiramaj and Mu'izz returned to Ghazna. Within a short span, Mu'izz al-Din swiftly moved across the Indus and annexed most of the
3393:, p. 111:"Rai Bhim Deo of Gujarat collected his Rajput veterans and after a stiff battle, in which most of the invaders were slain drove Shihabuddun away from his kingdom"
2511:
The decisive battle of Tarain is regarded as a landmark event in the
Medieval India, which led to the destruction of Rajput powers for a while and laid the foundation of the
4016:
The
Sultanate of Delhi, 711-1526 A.D.: Including the Arab Invasion of Sindh, Hindu Rule in Afghanistan and Causes of the Defeat of the Hindus in Early Medieval Age
2656:
In March 1203, his brother died in Herat due to illness and
Muhammad succeeded him as the sole ruler of the Ghurid dynasty. In 1204, he suffered a sharp reverse
2711:
to suppress the revolt, although he later himself marched for his last campaign into India in late 1205. In the ensuring battle, the
Khokhars were routed after
2327:
ruler Dharavarsha of Abu. The Ghurids were famished in their long march from the arid desert of Rajasthan. In the ensuring battle, the Ghurid troops were
4107:
Early Chauhan Dynasties: A Study of Chauhan Political History, Chauhan Political Institutions and Life in the Chauhan Dominions from 800 to 1316 A. D.
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as well soon after his death in 1030. They were defeated and Mu'izz al-Din captured Multan after a stiff resistance by the Qaramatians in 1175.
885:
2386:. The advancement of Ghurids in Sialkot, lead to a response from Khusrau Malik who besieged the fort in 1185. However, the Ghurid governor of
2512:
3528:
In 1190, he occupied Bhatinda, in Punjab, which triggered battles with the Rajput Prithviraja Chauhan, whom he finally defeated in 1192
979:. While these accounts vastly exaggerate the number of Ghurid invasions in order to magnify the scale of native resistance, though the
4427:
3581:, p. 39:"In 1191, Ghori fought the Rajput confederacy of one lakh Rajput calvalrymen led by Prithviraj at place called Tarain"
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359:) in the last quarter of the twelfth and early decade of the thirteenth century which lead to the widespread expansion of the
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Mu'izz al-Din after his triumpth in Tarain, limited his presence in India to centralize himself in the Ghurid expansion in
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on 15 March 1206. After his death, his empire collapsed as his successors were forced to acknowledge the suzerenity of
304:
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3203:
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Muhammad of Ghor incursions into India started as early as 1175 and thenceforth continued to lead his armies in the
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Muhammad's slave commanders continued the expansion of the Ghurid empire and raided the Rajput strongholds in the
4442:
4059:
Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest : 11th-13th Centuries
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in 1184/1185. On the Ghurid advance, Khusrau Malik shut himself inside the city walls. Muhammad though, captured
2723:. After the battle, Mu'izz al-Din ordered a general massacre of the Khokhars and further enslaved many of them.
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who emerged as the leading power of northern India in the later twelfth century. The Chahamana ruler of Ajmer,
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in Ghazna which was used by him as a base for further inroads into India. Ghiyath al-Din with his centre in
2544:
In 1194, Muhammad returned to India and crossed the Jamuna with an army of 50,000 troopers to confront the
401:. While the Ghurid empire was short lived and fell apart in 1215, Mu'izz al-Din's watershed victory in the
360:
2838:
2267:
After the conquest of Mulan and Uch, Muhammad from the lower Sindh marched into the present-day state of
995:
This list illustrates the significant events that occurred as a result of the Ghurid campaigns in India.
2488:. However, the Ghurids, as corroborated by the numismatic evidences, reinstated Prithviraja's minor son
987:
in 1186, possibly began to raid into the territories of north but were fended off by the Rajput chiefs.
4363:
4339:
1933:
1831:
35:
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managed to defy the Ghaznavid advance. Khusrau Malik, thus, returned to Lahore after a futile effort.
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queen of Uch and promised to marry her, If she aids him in his conquest and put her husband to death.
2612:
2528:
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as their de facto ruler on the condition of tributary. The Ghurids followed their victory by sacking
2083:
1462:
778:
715:
561:
425:
235:
196:
156:
2435:
2214:. According to his account, when Muhammad besieged the fort, he made a proposal to the influential
1984:
1102:
412:
During his campaigns in India, Mu'izz al-Din extirpated several local dynasties which included the
200:
4227:
Politics and Society During the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib
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136:
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After the campaigns against the Ghaznavids, Muhammad captured the upper Indus plain and most of
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871:
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398:
3800:
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2039:
1379:
801:
726:
280:
168:
4235:
Paramatma Saran (2001). "The Turkish Conquest of Northern India". In S. Ramakrishnan (ed.).
4198:(1970). "FOUNDATION OF THE DELHI SULTANAT". In Mohammad Habib; Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds.).
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2316:
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and for subsequent advance into the Peninsular India. His first expedition was against the
1350:
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invasion of the subcontinent (orange line: Ghurid territorial conquests from 1175 to 1205).
227:
4204:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
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contingent led by Tayangu (as aid of Alauddin Shah) which lead to the loss of most of the
8:
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Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400-1750: Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships
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The debacle of Kayadhara, made Muhammad change his route, who thence turned towards the
4129:
2575:
Afterwards, Muhammad marched towards India again in 1196 and captured the territory of
2545:
2497:
2470:
2439:
2203:
is contradictory among the contemporary and the later sources. The contemporary author
1903:
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1368:
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1345:
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437:
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on March 15, 1206. During these invasions, Muhammad conquered the Indus Basin from the
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144:
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2157:
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1991:
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1495:
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1403:
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1202:
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1129:
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1035:
949:
933:
609:
585:
349:
296:
212:
148:
116:
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Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One
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after a brief struggle sustained his conquests in north India and established the
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1805:
1753:
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The Persian accounts only mentioned a few invasions by the Ghurids prior to their
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128:
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81:
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2136:, as the former was a shorter route to make inroads into the coastal plain of
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History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 05, The Struggle For Empire
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who marshalled a formidable army of the Rajput veterans which included the
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120:
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Against history, against state : counterperspectives from the margins
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However, the treaty was for a short while as Muhammad again marched upon
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THE POLITICAL AND DYNASTIC HISTORY OF THE IRANIAN WORLD (A.D. 1000–1217)
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acknowledged his authority. Afterwards, he turned his attention towards
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expanded the Ghurid influence in west of the Ganges Basin in states of
2335:
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in the early eleventh century, although the sect soon regained rule of
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1134:
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421:
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70:
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as the path to paradise". Muhammad dispatched a force under his slave
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in the course of which they massacred several civilians, took many as
4201:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526)
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243:
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937:
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188:
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2703:, the Khokhars were a "disgraced race" who considered "slaying of
2611:. In the decade of the 1200s, another lieutenant of Mu'izz al-Din
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succeeded as the Ghurid Sultan. In a decade, Ghiyath defeated the
407:
permanent Muslim presence and influence in the Indian subcontinent
3435:
3260:
3258:
2813:
Some later accounts stated that his assassins were Khokhars, see
2731:
2704:
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2387:
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2227:. This story is also repeated by the later chroniclers including
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980:
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132:
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who held his sway over extensive territories in the present-day
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and its adjoining areas to facilitate his northward expansion.
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2189:
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who was founder of the Jalore line of the Chahamanas and the
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temple. However, the Solankis regained their influence under
2239:
2224:
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1157:
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India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil
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in 1185. He returned to Ghazni after erecting a fortress in
2256:
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3173:
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began their political expansion amidst the collapse of the
816:
481:
344:
were a series of invasions for 31 years (1175–1206) by the
3093:
2881:
2857:
2843:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 37, 147.
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and Ghazna. According to the 16th-17th century chronicler
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an army consisting of 120,000 to 130,000 horsemen. In the
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who were considerably weakened in their struggle with the
3780:
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Location of the battle site in the present-day state of
2235:
monarchs before Mu'izz al-Din's conquest of the region.
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3474:
3326:
3324:
2920:
2730:, Muhammad of Ghor was assassinated near the Indus in
2680:) and initiated a number of rebellions in his empire.
2128:
In 1175, Muhammad crossed the river Indus through the
4005:
The History of India: The Hindú and Mahometan Periods
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3608:
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and Muhammad of Ghur barely managed to escape alive.
890:
Main South Asian polities in 1175, on the eve of the
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Most of the part of Bengal annexed to Ghurid empire.
975:" (barbarian) was defeated several times before the
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3546:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 22.
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2695:rebelled by cutting Muhammad's supply line between
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900:During the later half of the twelfth century, the
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2350:In 1180 or thereabouts, Muhammad marched towards
473:
464:
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1554:Bulandshahr and Meerut annexed to Ghurid empire.
1187:Soomra ruler accepted the suzerainty of Ghurids.
963:. Contray to the Persian authorities, the local
4234:
4110:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Limited).
4038:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India
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2800:claimed that the Solanki ruler at the time was
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1631:Delhi becomes the centre of Ghurids in India.
1449:Prithviraj Chauhan was captured and executed.
948:while Muhammad, motivated by the exploits of
3509:
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4173:
4001:
3961:Hermann Kulke & Dietmar Rothermund 2004
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3676:Hermann Kulke & Dietmar Rothermund 2004
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3626:
3578:
3292:Hermann Kulke & Dietmar Rothermund 2004
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2434:in 1190 which was under the control of the
2207:claimed that Uch was under the rule of the
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4241:. Public Resource. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
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2815:his assassination part on the main article
2687:Depiction of Mu'izz al-Din's assassination
2279:. The city of Anhilwara was sacked by the
2199:The exact event of the Ghurid conquest of
34:
3151:The History of India, 1000 A.D.-1707 A.D.
2742:who overthrew them by 1215. However, his
2453:The last stand of Rajputs portraying the
2112:Lakshman Sena retreat to southeast Bengal
1295:
1251:
1075:
217:
4398:Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent
4321:Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300
3191:
2682:
2572:and destroyed many Hindu temples there.
2448:
2255:
1664:Koil (Aligarh) annexed to Ghurid empire.
1591:Rebellion suppressed by Qutbuddin Aibak.
908:origin which was centred in present-day
361:Ghurid empire in the Indian subcontinent
4156:Historical Dictionary of Medieval India
4027:The Life and Times of Kutb-ud-din Aibak
3036:. Sydney University Press. p. 37.
2411:
264:
253:
4390:
4276:India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765
4194:
3900:
3714:
3638:
3614:
3453:
3378:
3315:
3087:
2899:
2513:Muslim rule in the Indian Subcontinent
2393:On the report of Ghaznavid advance in
2164:and even as far as the upper plain of
776:
739:
724:
713:
656:
647:
638:
629:
607:
594:
16:Campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor in India
4034:
3805:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 23.
3657:. N. Kishore. pp. 199–202, 461.
3516:. Oneworld Publications. p. 71.
3513:India and South Asia: A Short History
3072:
3033:The Ebb and Flow of the Ghūrid Empire
1459:and Sursuti annexed to Ghurid empire.
904:, a Persianate dynasty of presumably
787:
767:
700:
691:
680:
618:
583:
548:
94:Expansion of Ghurid Empire as far as
4055:
3984:
3876:
3849:
3480:
3342:
3330:
3198:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 315.
3060:
3005:
2926:
2518:
2476:Govindaraja of Delhi along with the
2329:thoroughly routed by the Rajput host
990:
570:
559:
479:
1628:Complete decline of Tomara dynasty.
983:generals after their occupation of
869:
13:
4345:History of Medieval India:800-1700
4324:. University of California Press.
4252:Essays on Islam and Indian History
4013:Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1966).
3148:Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1964).
2362:which was under the possession of
2196:river) which was annexed in 1176.
1149:Peshawar annexed to Ghurid empire.
492:
14:
4454:
4002:Elphinstone, Mountstuart (1866).
3192:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1977).
2645:
2287:in 1026, who also desecrated the
1824:Gwalior annexed to Ghurid empire.
1471:became a vassal of Ghurid empire.
1465:became a vassal of Ghurid empire.
370:until his assassination near the
4428:Battles involving Turkic peoples
4041:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
4024:Srivastava, Ashok Kumar (1972).
2840:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2837:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
2048:
1996:States and inhabitants of Bihar
1977:Badaun annexed to Ghurid empire.
1804:
1752:
1509:Jatwan was killed in the battle.
1372:
1216:
472:
463:
456:
3994:
3906:
3894:
3792:
3768:
3681:
3669:
3644:
3620:
3584:
3572:
3533:
3503:
3396:
3384:
3336:
3185:
3141:
3023:
2807:
2789:
2780:
2760:
2719:arrived with a contingent from
2660:against the combined forces of
2436:Chahamana (Chauhan) Rajput clan
2004:Bihar annexed to Ghurid empire.
382:rulers and penetrated into the
354:
4086:. Cambridge University Press.
2830:
1821:End of Kachchhapaghata dynasty
1184:Debal annexed to Ghurid empire
40:Total extend of Ghurid Dynasty
1:
4423:Wars involving medieval India
4413:12th-century military history
443:
4230:. People's Publishing House.
2823:
2753:
2500:and destroyed several Hindu
1718:Banaras captured by Ghurids.
944:for the Ghurid expansion in
399:rout at the same battlefield
7:
4297:A HISTORY OF RAJASTHAN (PB)
4255:. Oxford University Press.
4035:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1979).
3799:Kaushik Roy (22 May 2014).
3691:South Asia in World History
3688:Marc Jason Gilbert (2017).
2346:Campaign against Ghaznavids
2246:Early invasion of Rajasthan
1967:Rashtrakuta chief of Badaun
10:
4459:
4438:Wars involving the Rajputs
4372:. Har-Anand Publications.
4153:Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008).
4030:. Govind Satish Prakashan.
2649:
2522:
2415:
2249:
2124:Conquest of Multan and Uch
1934:Battle of Kasahrada (1197)
1832:Second Battle of Kasahrada
1355:Muhammad bin Mahmud Khalji
1056:Mutan captured by Ghurids.
961:decisive victory of Tarain
932:and stationed his brother
447:
4408:Military history of India
3654:History of the Chāhamānas
2740:Alauddin Shah of Khwarazm
2613:Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji
2529:Ghurid conquest of Bengal
2473:which decided the issue.
2354:and annexed it where the
2084:Ghurid invasion of Bengal
2076:annexed to Ghurid empire.
1849:Sarfuddin Muhammad Chirak
1818:Sulakshanapala surrenders
1772:annexed to Ghurid empire.
1463:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
1064:First Battle of Kasahrada
342:Ghurid campaigns in India
236:Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji
206:
197:Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
157:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
105:
44:
33:
28:
24:Ghurid campaigns in India
23:
3030:David C. Thomas (2018).
1932:Rebellion suppressed by
1230:End of Ghaznavid empire.
1005:Name of conflict (time)
971:works claimed that the "
471:
462:
201:Paramaras of Chandravati
29:Part of Ghurid conquests
2766:Hasan Nizami who wrote
2634:and expanded as far as
2463:Second Battle of Tarain
2455:Second Battle of Tarain
2422:Second Battle of Tarain
1846:Asaduddin Arsalan Qulji
1780:Siege of Gwalior (1196)
1317:Second Battle of Tarain
922:Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
450:Battle of Ghazni (1151)
403:Second Battle of Tarain
137:Kachchhapaghata dynasty
4443:12th-century conflicts
4300:. Rupa & Company.
3751:Dasharatha Sharma 1975
3591:Iqtidar Alam Khan 2008
3540:Shail Mayaram (2003).
3466:Iqtidar Alam Khan 2008
3367:Iqtidar Alam Khan 2008
3304:Iqtidar Alam Khan 2008
3277:Iqtidar Alam Khan 2008
3018:Dasharatha Sharma 1975
2994:Dasharatha Sharma 1975
2970:Dasharatha Sharma 1975
2772:First Battle of Tarain
2688:
2664:(Western Lio) and the
2457:
2426:Muhammad marched from
2418:First Battle of Tarain
2264:
2184:, Muhammad marched to
2175:
1268:Qazi Zia ud-Din Tulaki
1238:First Battle of Tarain
977:First Battle of Tarain
438:Gahadavalas of Kannauj
207:Commanders and leaders
4433:13th century in India
4418:12th century in India
4019:. Shiva Lal Agarwala.
3510:David Ludden (2013).
2686:
2452:
2259:
2062:Paramardi surrenders.
1799:Kachchhpahata Rajputs
1766:Kumarpala surrenders.
1432:Rana Motishvara
952:began raiding in the
397:avenging his earlier
169:Chahamanas of Naddula
4180:. Orient Blackswan.
4174:Kaushik Roy (2004).
4138:. Psychology Press.
4056:Wink, Andre (1991).
3651:R. B. Singh (1964).
3265:Paramatma Saran 2001
2915:Paramatma Saran 2001
2412:Invasion of the Doab
2156:had been crushed by
1803:Sulakshanapala
1661:Fall of Dor Rajputs.
1412:Harapal Parmar
1351:Nasir ad-Din Qabacha
886:class=notpageimage|
422:Ghaznavids of Lahore
228:Nasir ad-Din Qabacha
133:Rajput confederation
4294:Rima Hooja (2006).
4159:. Scarecrow Press.
3973:Satish Chandra 2007
3949:C. E. Bosworth 1968
3937:Mohammad Habib 1981
3925:Satish Chandra 2004
3889:Mohammad Habib 1981
3838:Mohammad Habib 1981
3826:Satish Chandra 2007
3763:Satish Chandra 2007
3739:Satish Chandra 2007
3603:Satish Chandra 2007
3498:Satish Chandra 2007
3442:Mohammad Habib 1981
3430:Mohammad Habib 1981
3415:Satish Chandra 2007
3391:Mohammad Habib 1981
3154:Shiva Lal Agarwala.
2958:Mohammad Habib 1981
2939:C. E. Bosworth 1968
2776:Battle of Kasahrada
2736:Ismāʿīlīyah Muslims
2726:On his way back to
2666:Kara-Khanid Khanate
2658:near the river Oxus
2525:Battle of Chandawar
2285:Mahmud of Ghaznavid
2252:Battle of Kasahrada
1963:Rashtrakuta Rajputs
1942:annexed by Ghurids.
1672:Battle of Chandawar
1594:Hariraja committed
1422:Rajpal Parmar
1011:Ghurid commander(s)
999:
954:Indian Subcontinent
902:Šansabānī (Ghurids)
368:Indian subcontinent
165:Chahamanas of Jalor
4348:. Orient Longman.
4135:A History of India
4130:Dietmar Rothermund
3913:Romila Thapar 2004
3862:Richard Eaton 2000
3775:Richard Eaton 2000
3444:, p. 111-112.
3250:Romila Thapar 2004
2929:, p. 140-141.
2888:Richard Eaton 2000
2876:Richard Eaton 2000
2864:Richard Eaton 2019
2689:
2623:. He defeated the
2458:
2440:Prithviraj Chauhan
2404:to march into the
2265:
2188:(situated between
1904:Rajput confederacy
1861:Rajput confederacy
1852:Nasiruddin Hussain
1694:Gahadavala dynasty
1369:Prithviraj Chauhan
1364:Rajput confederacy
1346:Husain ibn Kharmil
1279:Prithviraj Chauhan
1274:Rajput confederacy
1083:Rajput confederacy
998:
942:Khwarazmian Empire
392:Prithviraj Chauhan
388:Rajput Confederacy
386:after defeating a
260:Prithviraj Chauhan
240:Husain ibn Kharmil
161:Gahadavala dynasty
4379:978-81-241-1064-5
4355:978-81-250-3226-7
4331:978-0-520-24225-8
4307:978-81-291-1501-0
4262:978-0-19-565114-0
4187:978-81-7824-109-8
4166:978-0-8108-5503-8
4145:978-0-415-32919-4
4117:978-81-208-0492-0
4102:Dasharatha Sharma
4093:978-0-521-06936-6
4048:978-81-207-0617-0
3812:978-1-78093-800-4
3701:978-0-19-066137-3
3523:978-1-78074-108-6
3228:, pp. 81–82.
3114:, pp. 75–77.
3043:978-1-74332-542-1
2770:also omitted the
2713:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
2652:Battle of Andkhud
2533:Siege of Kalinjar
2519:Further campaigns
2154:Emirate of Multan
2121:
2120:
2019:Siege of Kalinjar
1985:Conquest of Bihar
1792:Bahauddin Tughril
1341:Taj al-Din Yildiz
1336:Bahauddin Tughril
1293:Govind Rai (
1284:Pajawan Kacchwala
1264:Bahauddin Tughril
991:Campaign timeline
748:
733:
436:and possibly the
434:Jadauns of Bayana
426:Chauhans of Ajmer
338:
337:
232:Bahauddin Tughril
224:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
145:Chaulukya dynasty
101:
100:
4450:
4383:
4359:
4335:
4311:
4290:
4266:
4242:
4231:
4213:
4191:
4170:
4149:
4121:
4097:
4073:
4052:
4031:
4020:
4009:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3627:Kaushik Roy 2014
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3579:Kaushik Roy 2004
3576:
3570:
3569:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3484:
3478:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3100:Elphinstone 1866
3097:
3091:
3085:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2834:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2797:Tabaqat-i Nasiri
2793:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2764:
2568:after capturing
2480:Samant Singh of
2319:ruler of Jalore
2295:. On the eve of
2180:After capturing
2158:Mahmud of Ghazni
2091:Bakhtiyar Khalji
2052:
2040:Chandela Rajputs
1992:Bakhtiyar Khalji
1842:Qutubuddin Aibak
1808:
1756:
1735:Muhammad of Ghor
1707:
1681:Muhammad of Ghor
1605:Capture of Delhi
1543:
1500:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1392:Govind Rai
1388:
1376:
1326:Muhammad of Ghor
1309:Ghurids retreat.
1297:
1253:
1247:Muhammad of Ghor
1220:
1203:Muhammad of Ghor
1165:Muhammad of Ghor
1130:Muhammad of Ghor
1114:Ghurids retreat.
1077:
1071:Muhammad of Ghor
1036:Muhammad of Ghor
1022:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1000:
997:
950:Mahmud of Ghazni
934:Muhammad of Ghor
880:
878:
864:
849:
834:
821:
808:
796:
794:
785:
783:
774:
772:
762:
752:
749:
746:
737:
735:
731:
722:
720:
711:
709:
698:
696:
689:
687:
675:
665:
663:
654:
652:
645:
643:
636:
634:
627:
625:
616:
614:
605:
603:
592:
590:
581:
579:
568:
566:
557:
555:
543:
530:
514:
503:
501:
490:
488:
476:
475:
467:
466:
460:
430:Tomaras of Delhi
358:
357: 1173–1206
356:
350:Muhammad of Ghor
301:
266:
255:
219:
213:Muhammad of Ghor
173:Kingdom of Mewar
149:Paramara dynasty
117:Ghaznavid Empire
46:
45:
38:
21:
20:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4380:
4356:
4332:
4308:
4287:
4263:
4188:
4167:
4146:
4118:
4094:
4070:
4049:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3983:
3979:
3971:
3967:
3959:
3955:
3947:
3943:
3935:
3931:
3923:
3919:
3911:
3907:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3883:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3848:
3844:
3836:
3832:
3824:
3820:
3813:
3797:
3793:
3787:Rima Hooja 2006
3785:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3727:Rima Hooja 2006
3725:
3721:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3686:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3589:
3585:
3577:
3573:
3554:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3508:
3504:
3496:
3487:
3479:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3428:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3403:Rima Hooja 2006
3401:
3397:
3389:
3385:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3355:Rima Hooja 2006
3353:
3349:
3341:
3337:
3329:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3290:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3238:Srivastava 1972
3236:
3232:
3226:Srivastava 1972
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3190:
3186:
3180:Srivastava 1972
3178:
3171:
3165:Srivastava 1972
3163:
3159:
3146:
3142:
3136:Srivastava 1972
3134:
3130:
3124:Srivastava 1966
3122:
3118:
3112:Srivastava 1966
3110:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3059:
3055:
3044:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2982:Rima Hooja 2006
2980:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2748:Delhi Sultanate
2654:
2648:
2535:
2521:
2467:mounted archers
2424:
2416:Main articles:
2414:
2348:
2311:ruler of Nadol
2254:
2248:
2178:
2152:. The Isma'ili
2132:instead of the
2126:
2086:
2028:Qutbuddin Aibak
2021:
1987:
1958:Qutbuddin Aibak
1953:
1899:Qutbuddin Aibak
1894:
1787:Qutbuddin Aibak
1751:Kumarpala
1740:Qutbuddin Aibak
1728:
1726:Siege of Bayana
1703:
1686:Qutbuddin Aibak
1674:
1647:Qutbuddin Aibak
1642:
1615:Tomara Rajputs
1611:Qutbuddin Aibak
1606:
1570:Qutbuddin Aibak
1565:
1539:
1525:Qutbuddin Aibak
1520:
1496:
1486:Qutbuddin Aibak
1481:
1479:Battle of Bagar
1434:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1358:Mukalba Kharbak
1331:Qutbuddin Aibak
1319:
1259:Qutbuddin Aibak
1240:
1198:
1160:
1125:
1066:
1031:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
993:
940:confronted the
898:
897:
896:
895:
888:
882:
881:
875:
872:
870:
868:
867:
866:
861:
858:
853:
852:
851:
846:
843:
838:
837:
836:
830:
825:
824:
823:
817:
812:
811:
810:
805:
802:
797:
790:
788:
786:
779:
777:
775:
770:
768:
766:
765:
764:
758:
753:
745:
743:
740:
738:
730:
727:
725:
723:
716:
714:
712:
706:
703:
701:
699:
694:
692:
690:
683:
681:
679:
678:
677:
671:
666:
659:
657:
655:
650:
648:
646:
641:
639:
637:
632:
630:
628:
623:
621:
619:
617:
610:
608:
606:
600:
597:
595:
593:
586:
584:
582:
576:
573:
571:
569:
562:
560:
558:
551:
549:
547:
546:
545:
539:
534:
533:
532:
527:
524:
519:
518:
517:
515:
510:
504:
498:
495:
493:
491:
485:
482:
480:
478:
477:
469:
468:
452:
446:
353:
331:
329:
327:Trailokyavarman
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
297:
291:
287:
283:
279:
277:
273:
269:
258:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
181:Parihar Rajputs
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
129:Chauhan Dynasty
127:
119:
90:
73:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4456:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4403:Ghurid dynasty
4400:
4385:
4384:
4378:
4364:Satish Chandra
4360:
4354:
4340:Satish Chandra
4336:
4330:
4312:
4306:
4291:
4286:978-0713995824
4285:
4279:. Allen Lane.
4267:
4261:
4243:
4232:
4218:Mohammad Habib
4214:
4192:
4186:
4171:
4165:
4150:
4144:
4122:
4116:
4098:
4092:
4078:C. E. Bosworth
4074:
4068:
4053:
4047:
4032:
4021:
4010:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:, p. 152.
3977:
3965:
3963:, p. 168.
3953:
3951:, p. 167.
3941:
3939:, p. 134.
3929:
3917:
3905:
3893:
3891:, p. 117.
3881:
3879:, p. 146.
3866:
3864:, p. 128.
3854:
3852:, p. 248.
3842:
3840:, p. 116.
3830:
3818:
3811:
3791:
3789:, p. 458.
3779:
3767:
3755:
3743:
3731:
3729:, p. 350.
3719:
3717:, p. 171.
3707:
3700:
3680:
3668:
3643:
3641:, p. 162.
3631:
3619:
3617:, p. 161.
3607:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3552:
3532:
3522:
3502:
3485:
3483:, p. 144.
3470:
3458:
3456:, p. 159.
3446:
3434:
3432:, p. 111.
3419:
3407:
3395:
3383:
3381:, p. 178.
3371:
3369:, p. 108.
3359:
3357:, p. 211.
3347:
3335:
3333:, p. 244.
3320:
3318:, p. 158.
3308:
3306:, p. 117.
3296:
3294:, p. 167.
3281:
3279:, p. 116.
3269:
3267:, p. 118.
3254:
3252:, p. 433.
3242:
3230:
3218:
3204:
3184:
3169:
3157:
3140:
3138:, p. 102.
3128:
3116:
3104:
3102:, p. 361.
3092:
3090:, p. 157.
3077:
3065:
3063:, p. 245.
3053:
3042:
3022:
3010:
3008:, p. 254.
2998:
2986:
2984:, p. 269.
2974:
2962:
2960:, p. 110.
2943:
2941:, p. 165.
2931:
2919:
2917:, p. 117.
2904:
2902:, p. 155.
2892:
2880:
2878:, p. 100.
2868:
2856:
2849:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2806:
2788:
2779:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2744:slave generals
2647:
2646:Final campaign
2644:
2632:Lakshmana Sena
2581:Jadaun Rajputs
2520:
2517:
2490:Govindaraja IV
2471:Husain Kharmil
2413:
2410:
2406:Northern India
2347:
2344:
2250:Main article:
2247:
2244:
2177:
2174:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2108:Ghurid Victory
2105:
2104:
2103:
2101:Lakshmana Sena
2093:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2063:
2058:Ghurid Victory
2055:
2054:
2053:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2000:Ghurid Victory
1997:
1994:
1989:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1973:Ghurid Victory
1970:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1928:Ghurid Victory
1925:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1901:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1884:Ghurid Victory
1881:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1855:Jahan Pahalwan
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1814:Ghurid Victory
1811:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1762:Ghurid Victory
1759:
1758:
1757:
1747:Jadaun Rajputs
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:Ghurid Victory
1711:
1710:
1709:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1657:Ghurid Victory
1654:
1649:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1624:Ghurid Victory
1621:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1587:Ghurid Victory
1584:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:Ghurid Victory
1547:
1546:
1545:
1527:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1505:Ghurid Victory
1502:
1488:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:Tomara dynasty
1466:
1460:
1450:
1445:Ghurid Victory
1442:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1402:Vijayraj
1400:
1390:
1377:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1305:Rajput Victory
1302:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1226:Ghurid Victory
1223:
1222:
1221:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1180:Ghurid Victory
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:Soomra dynasty
1167:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:Ghurid Victory
1142:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:Rajput Victory
1107:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1052:Ghurid Victory
1049:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
992:
989:
889:
884:
883:
856:
855:
854:
841:
840:
839:
828:
827:
826:
815:
814:
813:
800:
799:
798:
756:
755:
754:
669:
668:
667:
537:
536:
535:
522:
521:
520:
509:
507:
506:
505:
470:
461:
455:
454:
453:
448:Main article:
445:
442:
405:established a
336:
335:
313:Lakshmana Sena
278:Sulakshanapala
271:Govindaraja IV
246:
209:
208:
204:
203:
177:Jadaun Rajputs
141:Soomra dynasty
114:
108:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:
92:
86:
85:
79:
75:
74:
60:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
31:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4455:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4381:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4316:Romila Thapar
4313:
4309:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4271:Richard Eaton
4268:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4247:Richard Eaton
4244:
4240:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4126:Hermann Kulke
4123:
4119:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3986:
3981:
3975:, p. 77.
3974:
3969:
3962:
3957:
3950:
3945:
3938:
3933:
3927:, p. 29.
3926:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3878:
3873:
3871:
3863:
3858:
3851:
3846:
3839:
3834:
3828:, p. 71.
3827:
3822:
3814:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3795:
3788:
3783:
3776:
3771:
3765:, p. 70.
3764:
3759:
3753:, p. 87.
3752:
3747:
3741:, p. 72.
3740:
3735:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3684:
3677:
3672:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3628:
3623:
3616:
3611:
3605:, p. 69.
3604:
3599:
3592:
3587:
3580:
3575:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3553:0-231-12730-8
3549:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3506:
3500:, p. 67.
3499:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3468:, p. 67.
3467:
3462:
3455:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3417:, p. 68.
3416:
3411:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3387:
3380:
3375:
3368:
3363:
3356:
3351:
3344:
3339:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3317:
3312:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3288:
3286:
3278:
3273:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3251:
3246:
3240:, p. 81.
3239:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3207:
3205:9788120804364
3201:
3197:
3196:
3195:Ancient India
3188:
3182:, p. 80.
3181:
3176:
3174:
3167:, p. 59.
3166:
3161:
3153:
3152:
3144:
3137:
3132:
3126:, p. 77.
3125:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3101:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3075:, p. 76.
3074:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3020:, p. 81.
3019:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2996:, p. 59.
2995:
2990:
2983:
2978:
2972:, p. 58.
2971:
2966:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2928:
2923:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2890:, p. 99.
2889:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2866:, p. 38.
2865:
2860:
2852:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2816:
2810:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2554:Uttar Pradesh
2551:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:and captured
2429:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2368:Khusrau Malik
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2303:was ruled by
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2168:and possibly
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:Ghurid Empire
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1213:Khusrau Malik
1211:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1001:
996:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:Mleccha Ghori
970:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:Seljuk Empire
915:
911:
907:
903:
893:
892:Ghurid Empire
887:
879:
877:
865:
863:
850:
848:
835:
833:
822:
820:
809:
807:
795:
793:
784:
782:
773:
763:
761:
751:
750:
736:
734:
721:
719:
710:
708:
697:
688:
686:
676:
674:
664:
662:
653:
644:
635:
626:
615:
613:
604:
602:
591:
589:
580:
578:
567:
565:
556:
554:
544:
542:
531:
529:
516:
513:
502:
500:
489:
487:
459:
451:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
389:
385:
384:Gangetic doab
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
351:
347:
343:
334:
328:
324:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:Harishchandra
302:
300:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:
272:
267:
261:
256:
250:
249:Khusrau Malik
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
214:
211:
210:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:Bhati Rajputs
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
113:
112:Ghurid Empire
110:
109:
104:
97:
93:
88:
87:
83:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4368:
4344:
4320:
4296:
4275:
4251:
4237:
4226:
4222:K. A. Nizami
4200:
4176:
4155:
4134:
4106:
4082:
4058:
4037:
4026:
4015:
4008:. J. Murray.
4004:
3995:Bibliography
3980:
3968:
3956:
3944:
3932:
3920:
3908:
3896:
3884:
3857:
3845:
3833:
3821:
3801:
3794:
3782:
3770:
3758:
3746:
3734:
3722:
3710:
3690:
3683:
3671:
3653:
3646:
3634:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3565:
3542:
3535:
3527:
3512:
3505:
3461:
3449:
3437:
3410:
3398:
3386:
3374:
3362:
3350:
3338:
3311:
3299:
3272:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3194:
3187:
3160:
3150:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3107:
3095:
3068:
3056:
3047:
3032:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2934:
2922:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2839:
2832:
2809:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2768:Taj ul-Masir
2767:
2762:
2725:
2690:
2655:
2609:Ganga Valley
2590:
2574:
2543:
2536:
2510:
2475:
2459:
2425:
2399:
2392:
2373:
2356:Soomra ruler
2349:
2333:
2266:
2237:
2220:Ibn al-Athir
2205:Ibn al-Athir
2198:
2179:
2127:
2107:
2096:Sena dynasty
2057:
1999:
1972:
1927:
1883:
1813:
1761:
1713:
1704:
1656:
1623:
1586:
1549:
1540:
1504:
1497:
1444:
1435:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1380:Samanthasimh
1304:
1225:
1179:
1144:
1109:
1051:
1003:
994:
958:
946:Central Asia
928:and annexed
899:
873:
859:
844:
831:
818:
803:
791:
780:
759:
742:
728:
717:
704:
684:
672:
660:
611:
598:
587:
574:
563:
552:
540:
525:
511:
496:
483:
411:
365:
341:
339:
298:
281:Samantasimha
185:Sena Dynasty
106:Belligerents
96:Bengal Delta
61:Present day
18:
4196:Nizami, K.A
3901:Nizami 1970
3715:Nizami 1970
3639:Nizami 1970
3615:Nizami 1970
3454:Nizami 1970
3379:Nizami 1970
3316:Nizami 1970
3088:Nizami 1970
2900:Nizami 1970
2662:Qara Khitai
2550:Jayachandra
2539:Transoxiana
2313:Kelhanadeva
2305:Mularaja II
2233:Ismāʿīlīyah
2134:Khyber Pass
1949:Capture of
1915:Jayatasimha
1871:Jayatasimha
1699:Jayachandra
1692:Rajputs of
1652:Dor Rajputs
1638:Capture of
1618:Tomara King
1535:Chandrasena
1530:Dor Rajputs
1518:Bulandshahr
1516:Capture of
1194:Capture of
1156:Capture of
1121:Capture of
1103:Dharavarsha
1093:Kelhanadeva
1088:Mularaja II
1027:Capture of
956:from 1175.
926:Ghuzz Turks
920:. In 1163,
910:Afghanistan
747:(RATNAPURA)
685:GAHADAVALAS
512:QARA KHITAI
395:near Tarain
330:Dharavarsha
317:Jayatasimha
309:Kelhanadeva
293:Jayachandra
285:Mularaja II
193:Dor Rajputs
89:Territorial
4392:Categories
4069:9004102361
3073:Mehta 1979
2850:0226742210
2717:Illtutmish
2709:Illtutmish
2691:The Hindu
2650:See also:
2603:and uptil
2546:Gahadavala
2523:See also:
2336:Ghaznavids
2299:invasion,
2293:Kumarapala
2130:Gomal Pass
1922:Prahladana
1919:Dharvarsha
1906:and Mhers
1878:Prahladana
1875:Dharvarsha
1566:(1192–94)
1561:Revolt of
1208:Ghaznavids
1135:Ghaznavids
914:Ghaznavids
744:KALACHURIS
729:KALACHURIS
705:KACHCHAPA-
577:GHAZNAVIDS
564:CHAHAMANAS
553:CHAULUKYAS
497:KARAKHANID
484:South Asia
444:Background
380:Ismāʿīlīya
378:and other
376:Ghaznavids
71:Bangladesh
4062:. BRILL.
3985:Wink 1991
3877:Wink 1991
3850:Wink 1991
3481:Wink 1991
3343:Wink 1991
3331:Wink 1991
3061:Wink 1991
3006:Wink 1991
2927:Wink 1991
2824:Citations
2754:Footnotes
2750:in 1206.
2636:Lakhnauti
2625:Sena king
2597:Rajasthan
2579:from the
2562:holy city
2364:Ghaznavid
2321:Kirtipala
2317:Chahamana
2309:Chahamana
2301:Anhilwara
2281:Ġhaznāvid
2277:Anhilwara
2269:Rajasthan
2262:Rajasthan
2148:sect) in
2142:Isma'ilis
2074:Khajuraho
2045:Paramardi
2033:Iltutmish
1940:Anhilwara
1893:rebellion
1174:(unknown)
1139:(unknown)
1098:Kirtipala
1042:Isma'ilis
876:SULTANATE
792:KAMARUPAS
781:NAGVANSIS
732:(TRIPURI)
718:CHANDELAS
612:KAKATIYAS
601:CHALUKYAS
588:PARAMARAS
440:as well.
414:Isma'ilis
333:Kirtipala
323:Paramardi
244:Iltutmish
121:Isma'ilis
52:1175–1206
4366:(2004).
4342:(2007).
4318:(2004).
4273:(2019).
4249:(2000).
4220:(1981).
4210:31870180
4132:(2004).
4104:(1975).
4080:(1968).
3663:11038728
3562:52203150
2802:Bhima II
2701:Firishta
2693:Khokhars
2672:(except
2670:Khurasan
2605:Kalinjar
2432:Bhatinda
2352:Peshawar
2229:Ferishta
2066:Kalinjar
2007:Fall of
1910:Bhima II
1866:Bhima II
1580:Hariraja
1563:Hariraja
1123:Peshawar
1016:Opponent
938:Firuzkuh
771:KARNATAS
673:HOYSALAS
661:KADAMBAS
320:Kumarpal
289:Bhima II
275:Hariraja
189:Khokhars
65:, North
63:Pakistan
57:Location
4224:(ed.).
2734:by the
2732:Dhamyak
2705:Muslims
2607:in the
2588:ruler.
2586:Parihar
2570:Kannauj
2502:temples
2395:Silakot
2388:Sialkot
2384:Sialkot
2380:Sialkot
2289:Somnath
2273:Gujarat
2212:Rajputs
2138:Gujarat
2087:(1203)
2022:(1203)
2009:Nalanda
1988:(1200)
1954:(1197)
1895:(1197)
1729:(1195)
1705:†
1675:(1194)
1643:(1193)
1607:(1193)
1575:Rajputs
1541:†
1521:(1192)
1498:†
1482:(1192)
1436:†
1426:†
1416:†
1406:†
1396:†
1386:†
1320:(1192)
1249: (
1241:(1191)
1199:(1186)
1161:(1182)
1126:(1179)
1073: (
1067:(1178)
1032:(1175)
1021:Outcome
981:Ghurids
862:EMIRATE
804:EASTERN
695:GUHILAS
651:PANDYAS
599:WESTERN
499:KHANATE
486:1175 CE
390:led by
299:†
262: (
251: (
215: (
91:changes
84:victory
4376:
4352:
4328:
4304:
4283:
4259:
4208:
4184:
4163:
4142:
4114:
4090:
4066:
4045:
3809:
3698:
3661:
3560:
3550:
3520:
3211:23 May
3202:
3049:India.
3040:
2847:
2728:Ghazna
2721:Lahore
2697:Lahore
2674:Herath
2640:Bengal
2629:Bengal
2621:Bengal
2577:Bayana
2531:, and
2498:slaves
2478:Guhila
2469:under
2444:Tarain
2428:Ghazni
2402:Punjab
2376:Lahore
2366:ruler
2360:Lahore
2340:Lahore
2325:Parmar
2297:Ghurid
2283:ruler
2216:Rajput
2194:Jhelum
2190:Chenab
2182:Multan
2162:Multan
2150:Multan
2070:Mahoba
2047:
1951:Badaun
1770:Bayana
1701:
1596:Jauhar
1537:
1494:
1492:Jatwan
1457:Kuhram
1382:
1371:
1289:Skanda
1215:
1196:Lahore
1046:Khafif
1040:Local
1029:Multan
985:Punjab
930:Ghazna
874:MAKRAN
860:SOOMRA
832:MARYUL
806:GANGAS
707:GHATAS
642:CHERAS
633:CHOLAS
622:SHILA-
541:KUMAON
528:EMPIRE
526:GHURID
418:Multan
348:ruler
346:Ghurid
295:
125:Multan
82:Ghurid
78:Result
3567:Ajmer
2678:Balkh
2617:Bihar
2601:Malwa
2566:Kāshí
2558:Bihar
2548:king
2506:Ajmer
2494:Ajmer
2486:Ajmer
2482:Mewar
2240:Sindh
2225:Islam
2209:Bhati
2166:Sindh
1453:Hansi
1158:Debal
965:Hindu
906:Tajik
845:LOHA-
760:SENAS
624:HARAS
372:Indus
67:India
4374:ISBN
4350:ISBN
4326:ISBN
4302:ISBN
4281:ISBN
4257:ISBN
4206:OCLC
4182:ISBN
4161:ISBN
4140:ISBN
4112:ISBN
4088:ISBN
4064:ISBN
4043:ISBN
3807:ISBN
3696:ISBN
3659:OCLC
3558:OCLC
3548:ISBN
3518:ISBN
3213:2017
3200:ISBN
3038:ISBN
2845:ISBN
2774:and
2676:and
2619:and
2593:Doab
2556:and
2420:and
2271:and
2192:and
2146:Shia
2072:and
1891:Mher
1640:Koil
969:Jain
967:and
819:GUGE
575:LATE
340:The
69:and
49:Date
2715:or
2638:in
2627:of
2564:of
2504:of
2338:of
2275:in
2223:to
2201:Uch
2186:Uch
2176:Uch
2170:Uch
1296:WIA
1252:WIA
1076:WIA
847:RAS
416:of
265:POW
254:POW
218:WIA
123:of
4394::
4128:;
3869:^
3564:.
3556:.
3526:.
3488:^
3473:^
3422:^
3323:^
3284:^
3257:^
3172:^
3080:^
3046:.
2946:^
2907:^
2642:.
2599:,
2595:,
2541:.
2527:,
2515:.
2508:.
2408:.
2342:.
2315:,
2068:,
1490:*
1455:,
1079:)
432:,
428:,
424:,
420:,
409:.
363:.
355:r.
268:)
257:)
221:)
4382:.
4358:.
4334:.
4310:.
4289:.
4265:.
4212:.
4190:.
4169:.
4148:.
4120:.
4096:.
4072:.
4051:.
3815:.
3704:.
3665:.
3215:.
2853:.
2804:.
2144:(
2011:.
1936:.
1598:.
1299:)
1255:)
352:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
