537:
133:
246:
930:
528:. The demand worried a part of the population because of discontent for increased working hours would be seen as a provocation and devaluing the national holiday. In addition, fixing the Unity Day on the first Sunday of October would have meant that it would sometimes fall on 7 October, which happens to have been the national day of East Germany; this date would thus have been seen as commemorating the division of Germany rather than the reunification. The idea was dropped after a short but angry debate.
442:, even with the name "Day of the German Unity". Since 1963, it was proclaimed by the President of the Federal Republic as "National Day of Memorial of the German People". However, by the mid-1960s as hope faded that the two Germanys would ever be re-united, this date became more of a holiday and day of recreation than a day to consider national unity. In the year 1990, the "Day of German Unity" was celebrated twice, on this date and on 3 October.
25:
497:
applause from CDU/DA, DSU, FDP, partly SPD and the deputies standing up in their seats.) 62 deputies have voted 'no', and 7 people abstained. This is a historic event. Ladies and
Gentlemen, I believe that we have not made an easy decision, but today we have acted within our responsibilities of the voting rights of the citizens of the GDR. I thank everybody that this result was made possible by a consensus across party lines.
166:
979:
951:
965:
937:
357:, decided that the Sedantag would be an official festival in schools. Upon many suggestions, the date of the Emperor's proclamation on 18 January would be established as day of remembrance. Emperor Wilhelm I declined this: "This was also the day of the first Prussian coronation of the king, which should not fall into the shadow of a united German holiday."
496:
The
Volkskammer decides on the accession of the GDR to the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany according to Article 23 of the Basic Laws effective as of 3 October 1990. In the matter Nr. 201 there have been 363 votes. There were no invalid votes. 294 deputies have voted 'yes.' (Strong
364:
was still celebrated locally and nationally to some degree. These celebrations continued in the Weimar
Republic and Nazi Germany. Following World War II, East Germany completely abandoned the holiday, while West Germany still celebrated it on a smaller scale. West Germany did acknowledge the
516:, suggested that the "German Unity Day" be celebrated on a Sunday, for economic reasons. Instead of 3 October, the National Reunification should be celebrated on the first Sunday of October. This suggestion received a lot of criticism from many sides, amongst them from Federal President
504:, Chairman of the SED-PDS, was visibly moved and made a personal statement: "Madame President! The Parliament has no more and no less decided on the downfall of the German Democratic Republic as of 3 October 1990". This statement was met by Jubilant cheers from the CDU/DA, DSU and SPD.
1478:
Sichtlich bewegt tritt Gysi ans
Rednerpult, um eine persönliche Erklärung abzugeben: "Frau Präsidentin! Das Parlament hat soeben nicht mehr und nicht weniger als den Untergang der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik zum 3. Oktober 1990 beschlossen", so der
872:, which traditionally runs until the first Sunday in October, now runs until 3 October, if the Sunday in question falls on the first or second day of October. The celebrations in the host city always includes a festival and fireworks show.
353:(10 May 1871). The Sedantag would soon also be celebrated at the universities and in many German cities. It never occurred to them to think about "Empire Parade" or "Emperor's Birthday". Some Culture Ministers of the states, especially in
247:
466:, the East German parliament, on the impending economical and political collapse of the GDR. The Helsinki Conference was set for 2 October, at which the foreign ministers would be informed of the results of the
1448:"www.verfassungen.de – East German law on introducing the holidays "Day of Liberation" and "Day of the Republic" (1950) ("Gesetz über die Einführung der Feiertage "Tag der Befreiung" und "Tag der Republik"")"
348:
Before the Empire was founded in 1872, there were calls for a national holiday, and there were three suggestions. No decision was made. Until 1873, the
Sedantag was moved to 18 January or the day of the
422:. Immediately after the establishment of the holiday in 1933, the Nazis banned trade unions on 2 May 1933 and occupied their buildings as offices for the Nazi Movement. On 1 March 1939, Hitler declared
787:, former federal capital, instead of the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf (Motto: "Freiheit Einheit Freude – Bewegt mehr" - "Liberty Unity Joy - Make a bigger difference")
1554:
536:
1435:
1347:
1490:
1545:
309:). Therefore, 3 October 1990, the day of the formal reunification, was chosen instead. It replaced the "German Unity Day" on 17 June, the national holiday of the
587:
was the second non-state capital to host the celebrations in 2015; however, both cities are significant in German political history (Bonn as former capital of
467:
1566:
1491:
Frankfurter
Allgemeine Zeitung – October 3rd stays holiday – Schröder: "Dishonest debate" ("3. Oktober bleibt Feiertag – Schröder: „Verlogene Debatte“).
473:
At the beginning of July, the governments of both German states decided on the schedule: State elections in the GDR would be held on 14 October, and a
1339:
885:
132:
1447:
1418:
1380:
361:
329:
Before 1871, in the area where the single state of
Germany now exists, different kingdoms and principalities existed. After the
89:
61:
382:
929:
488:, at a special session of the Volkskammer, which began at 9 p.m. After a heated debate, the President of the Volkskammer,
1586:
809:
2017 in Mainz, state capital of
Rhineland-Palatinate (Motto: "Zusammen sind wir Deutschland" - "Together we are Germany")
272:), so that for the first time since 1945 there existed a single German state. German Unity Day on 3 October has been the
68:
284:
1606:
1367:
1327:
992:
108:
42:
1611:
1186:
1473:
1136:
75:
1086:
1036:
896:
1289:
46:
920:
1601:
415:
57:
1406:
www.17juli1953.de – Law paragraph establishing July 3rd, 1953, as the "Day of German Unity" in West
Germany.
1596:
1228:
478:
439:
423:
381:. In memorial of this "Hour of birth of democracy", 11 August was created as Constitution Day, because the
306:
451:
438:
From 1954 to 1990, 17 June was an official holiday in the
Federal Republic of Germany to commemorate the
350:
273:
1536:
796:
2014 in Hannover, state capital of Lower Saxony (Motto: "Einheit in Vielfalt" - "Unity in Diversity")
1557:
1359:
900:
378:
240:
35:
895:(Compass Confederation) was formalised. The Zipfelbund are the four communities at the cardinal
560:
The Day of German Unity is celebrated each year with a ceremonial act and a citizen's festival (
1581:
1381:"www.verfassungen.de – German holidays act from 27 February 1937 ("Gesetz über die Feiertage")"
1079:
659:
629:
330:
854:
82:
462:
The motive for setting the date of 3 October as the possible Day of Unity was decided by the
1501:
485:
1344:
Preußen im deutschen Kaiserreich 1871–1918. Führungsmacht des Reiches und Aufgehen im Reich
861:. State capitals and also other cities often have additional festivities. Furthermore, the
719:
612:
592:
576:
489:
261:
182:
1451:
919:. Together, they always participate in the respective annual celebration to represent the
679:
8:
1591:
1300:
374:
342:
1405:
1384:
1247:
513:
484:
The decision on the date was finally made on 22 August by the GDR's Minister-President,
291:
in 1923. However, 9 November was also the anniversary of the first large-scale Nazi-led
1029:
762:
608:
333:, and the Founding of the Empire 1871, there was still no common national holiday. The
138:
806:
2016 in Dresden, state capital of Saxony (Motto: "Brücken bauen" - "Building bridges")
1363:
1323:
1285:
584:
572:
418:" since 1890, and also was part of the tradition for the May dance commemorating the
1555:
Video: Volkskammerbeschluss 23. August 1990 zum Beitritt der DDR zur Bundesrepublik
1248:
www.buzer.de – Article 3 of the Treaty of German reunification ("Einigungsvertrag")
858:
525:
427:
288:
279:
An alternative choice to commemorate the reunification could have been the day the
579:
in the respective year (a sequence determined by the Königstein Agreement). After
1502:
www.wahlrecht.de – Wahl des Bundesratspräsidenten & Königsteiner Vereinbarung
419:
399:
385:
338:
321:
Germany has historically associated various dates with its nationhood and unity.
228:
149:
517:
1259:
649:
571:
The celebrations are hosted by a major city, usually the state capital, in the
635:
365:
centennial of the German Empire as the founding of the German state in 1971.
1575:
1201:
1188:
1151:
1138:
1101:
1088:
1051:
1038:
1024:
890:
865:
826:
822:
732:
545:
541:
301:
1436:
Federal Ministry of the Interior – Presidential proclamation about July 3rd.
1356:
Vom Kaiserreich zum 20. Jahrhundert und Große Themen der Geschichte Preußens
803:, largest city of Hesse (Motto: "Grenzen überwinden" - "Overcoming borders")
655:
1530:
689:
588:
410:
310:
269:
265:
253:
1419:"Der 17. Juni: Tag der deutschen Zwietracht - SPIEGEL ONLINE - einestages"
862:
752:
501:
463:
450:
In East Germany, the Founding Day in 1949 was celebrated on 7 October as
430:
in 1923) as the "Memorial Day for the movement" as the national holiday.
280:
283:
came down: 9 November 1989, which coincided with the anniversary of the
1174:
912:
1513:
1124:
916:
881:
800:
742:
728:
695:
675:
521:
474:
457:
193:
24:
1074:
908:
838:
685:
639:
625:
553:
334:
849:
In addition, various celebrations are held in the federal capital
1179:
748:
705:
669:
619:
405:
354:
257:
171:
137:
The flag of unity at midnight of 3 October 1990 in front of the
1129:
869:
850:
738:
709:
665:
645:
604:
305:), so the day was considered racist as a national holiday (see
292:
260:, celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday. It commemorates
337:
was, however, celebrated every year on 2 September, recalling
715:
699:
904:
784:
758:
580:
296:
276:
since 1990, when the reunification was formally completed.
507:
396:
Shortly after the Nazis took power in 1933 (the so-called
1282:
European Civil War Films: Memory, Conflict, and Nostalgia
767:
2007 in Schwerin, state capital of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
492:, announced the results at 2:30 a.m. on 23 August:
793:
2013 in Stuttgart, state capital of Baden-Württemberg
408:(1 May) was established as a national holiday in the
1567:
German Embassy Publication, Infocus:German Unity Day
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1474:"Die Nacht, in der der Beitritt beschlossen wurde"
875:
458:Decision for GDR's unity with the Federal Republic
815:2019 in Kiel, state capital of Schleswig-Holstein
1573:
880:At the 1999 Day of German Unity celebration in
1320:Nationalfeiertage in Deutschland 1871 bis 1945
773:2009 in Saarbrücken, state capital of Saarland
433:
818:2020 in Potsdam, state capital of Brandenburg
445:
264:in 1990 when the German Democratic Republic (
1330:(zugl. Dissertation, Universität Mainz 1989)
1322:. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1990,
996:Zipfelbund – Compass Communities – locations
562:
512:On 3 November 2004, the Federal Chancellor,
397:
1314:
1312:
831:2022 in Erfurt, state capital of Thuringia
268:) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (
841:, state capital of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1309:
790:2012 in Munich, state capital of Bavaria
535:
362:Day of the founding of the German Empire
508:Attempt to change the date of Unity Day
388:, signed the constitution on this day.
1574:
1416:
454:, until the 40th anniversary in 1989.
1301:Deutsche Welle (dw.de) (09.11.2004).
391:
377:would be accepted in its form by the
241:[ˈtaːkdeːɐ̯ˈdɔʏtʃn̩ˈʔaɪnhaɪt]
239:
1417:Gunkel, Christoph (3 October 2015).
1352:Handbuch der preussischen Geschichte
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1280:Kosmidou, Eleftheria Rania (2012).
477:election for the entire country on
324:
285:proclamation of the German Republic
13:
978:
591:and Frankfurt as the place of the
552:(German Unity Day festivities) in
414:. It was already celebrated as a "
368:
14:
1623:
1524:
977:
963:
950:
949:
935:
928:
520:as well as the President of the
164:
131:
23:
1506:
1495:
1484:
1466:
1440:
1429:
964:
876:Zipfelbund: compass communities
531:
34:needs additional citations for
1537:Tag der Deutschen Einheit 2011
1533:Niedersächsische Staatskanzlei
1531:Tag der Deutschen Einheit 2014
1410:
1399:
1373:
1333:
1294:
1274:
1260:"Germans mark decade of unity"
1252:
1241:
1:
1234:
1229:East German uprising of 1953
936:
440:East German uprising of 1953
307:9 November in German history
7:
1303:Schicksalstag der Deutschen
1222:
434:Federal Republic of Germany
311:Federal Republic of Germany
287:in 1918, and the defeat of
10:
1628:
1587:Public holidays in Germany
1548:chronik-der-mauer.de 1990
446:German Democratic Republic
316:
416:Day of the Labor Movement
233:Tag der Deutschen Einheit
214:
199:
189:
177:
159:
154:Tag der Deutschen Einheit
145:
130:
125:
1607:Autumn events in Germany
1558:Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv
1514:"Impressum (Zipfelbund)"
379:Weimar National Congress
1612:German flag flying days
426:(the day of the failed
274:German National Holiday
16:National Day of Germany
1080:North Rhine-Westphalia
853:, mainly based on the
660:North Rhine-Westphalia
630:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
563:
557:
499:
398:
331:unification of Germany
232:
153:
1262:. BBC. 3 October 2000
539:
494:
373:On 31 July 1919, the
345:on 2 September 1870.
1602:German reunification
993:class=notpageimage|
899:of Germany: North –
720:Rhineland-Palatinate
593:Frankfurt Parliament
490:Sabine Bergmann-Pohl
383:President of Germany
339:the decisive victory
262:German reunification
183:German reunification
43:improve this article
1597:October observances
1348:Wolfgang Neugebauer
1198: /
1148: /
1098: /
1048: /
855:Straße des 17. Juni
761:, state capital of
751:, state capital of
741:, state capital of
731:, state capital of
718:, state capital of
708:, state capital of
698:, state capital of
688:, state capital of
678:, state capital of
668:, state capital of
658:, state capital of
648:, state capital of
638:, state capital of
628:, state capital of
575:presiding over the
468:Two-plus-Four talks
375:Weimar Constitution
343:Franco-Prussian War
289:Hitler's first coup
1030:Schleswig-Holstein
825:, largest city of
763:Schleswig-Holstein
609:capital of Germany
558:
486:Lothar de Maizière
392:National Socialism
360:Despite this, the
58:"German Unity Day"
1546:Chronik der Mauer
1454:on 2 October 2008
1318:Fritz Schellack:
1220:
1219:
1202:47.417°N 10.283°E
1152:51.150°N 14.983°E
903:on the island of
847:
846:
680:Baden-Württemberg
585:Frankfurt am Main
222:
221:
181:Commemorates the
119:
118:
111:
93:
1619:
1563:
1551:
1542:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1450:. Archived from
1444:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1414:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1387:on 6 August 2014
1383:. Archived from
1377:
1371:
1337:
1331:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1292:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1102:51.017°N 5.917°E
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:55.017°N 8.433°E
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1001:
1000:
981:
980:
967:
966:
953:
952:
939:
938:
932:
894:
859:Brandenburg Gate
598:
597:
566:
526:Wolfgang Thierse
514:Gerhard Schröder
428:Beer Hall Putsch
403:
351:Frankfurt Treaty
325:Imperial Germany
251:
250:
249:
243:
238:
225:German Unity Day
210:
208:
170:
168:
167:
160:Observed by
135:
126:German Unity Day
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1549:
1540:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1362:, Berlin 2000,
1340:Karl Erich Born
1338:
1334:
1317:
1310:
1299:
1295:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1225:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1034:
999:
998:
997:
995:
989:
988:
987:
986:
982:
974:
973:
972:
968:
960:
959:
958:
954:
946:
945:
944:
940:
888:
878:
857:and around the
834:2023 in Hamburg
770:2008 in Hamburg
534:
510:
460:
448:
436:
420:Walpurgis Night
400:Machtergreifung
394:
386:Friedrich Ebert
371:
369:Weimar Republic
327:
319:
245:
244:
236:
206:
204:
165:
163:
141:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1526:
1525:External links
1523:
1520:
1519:
1505:
1494:
1483:
1465:
1439:
1428:
1409:
1398:
1372:
1332:
1308:
1293:
1273:
1251:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1207:47.417; 10.283
1182:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1157:51.150; 14.983
1132:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
991:
990:
984:
983:
976:
975:
970:
969:
962:
961:
956:
955:
948:
947:
942:
941:
934:
933:
927:
926:
925:
921:modern borders
897:compass points
877:
874:
845:
844:
843:
842:
835:
832:
829:
819:
816:
813:
812:2018 in Berlin
810:
807:
804:
797:
794:
791:
788:
781:
780:2010 in Bremen
776:
775:
774:
771:
768:
765:
755:
745:
735:
725:
724:2002 in Berlin
722:
712:
702:
692:
682:
672:
662:
652:
642:
632:
622:
616:
544:and President
533:
530:
509:
506:
459:
456:
447:
444:
435:
432:
393:
390:
370:
367:
326:
323:
318:
315:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
203:3 October 2024
201:
200:Next time
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
161:
157:
156:
147:
143:
142:
136:
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1624:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:National days
1580:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1476:. Bundestag.
1475:
1469:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1368:3-11-014092-6
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1328:3-631-42524-4
1325:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1284:. pp. 9–10.
1283:
1277:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1211:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:51.017; 5.917
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:55.017; 8.433
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:List auf Sylt
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
994:
931:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
892:
887:
883:
873:
871:
867:
866:beer festival
864:
860:
856:
852:
840:
836:
833:
830:
828:
827:Saxony-Anhalt
824:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
782:
779:
778:
777:
772:
769:
766:
764:
760:
756:
754:
750:
746:
744:
740:
736:
734:
733:Saxony-Anhalt
730:
726:
723:
721:
717:
713:
711:
707:
703:
701:
697:
693:
691:
687:
683:
681:
677:
673:
671:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
651:
647:
643:
641:
637:
633:
631:
627:
623:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:
600:
599:
596:
595:of 1848–49).
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
565:
555:
551:
547:
546:Joachim Gauck
543:
542:Angela Merkel
538:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
505:
503:
498:
493:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
455:
453:
443:
441:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:
407:
402:
401:
389:
387:
384:
380:
376:
366:
363:
358:
356:
352:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
322:
314:
312:
308:
304:
303:
302:Kristallnacht
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
248:
242:
234:
230:
226:
217:
213:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
162:
158:
155:
151:
148:
146:Official name
144:
140:
134:
129:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1508:
1497:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1442:
1431:
1422:
1412:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:the original
1375:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1319:
1302:
1296:
1281:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1254:
1243:
1013:Coordinates
923:of Germany.
879:
848:
690:Lower Saxony
589:West Germany
573:German state
570:
561:
559:
549:
532:Celebrations
518:Horst Köhler
511:
500:
495:
483:
472:
461:
452:Republic Day
449:
437:
411:German Reich
409:
395:
372:
359:
347:
328:
320:
300:
278:
270:West Germany
266:East Germany
254:National Day
224:
223:
178:Significance
120:
105:
99:October 2017
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1562:(in German)
1550:(in German)
1541:(in German)
1354:. Bd. III:
1205: /
1155: /
1105: /
1055: /
1016:Population
915:and East –
889: [
863:Oktoberfest
753:Brandenburg
636:Saarbrücken
540:Chancellor
502:Gregor Gysi
464:Volkskammer
313:from 1954.
281:Berlin Wall
1592:Unity days
1576:Categories
1360:De Gruyter
1290:1136250646
1235:References
1175:Oberstdorf
1007:Community
1004:Direction
985:Oberstdorf
913:Oberstdorf
911:, South –
886:Zipfelbund
656:Düsseldorf
564:Bürgerfest
550:Bürgerfest
479:2 December
424:9 November
237:pronounced
207:2024-10-03
69:newspapers
1479:PDS-Chef.
1458:3 October
1391:3 October
1350:(Hrsg.):
1266:16 August
907:, West –
882:Wiesbaden
801:Frankfurt
743:Thuringia
729:Magdeburg
696:Wiesbaden
676:Stuttgart
615:that year
583:in 2011,
577:Bundesrat
522:Bundestag
475:Bundestag
299:in 1938 (
252:) is the
215:Frequency
194:3 October
139:Reichstag
1223:See also
1075:Selfkant
957:Selfkant
909:Selfkant
839:Schwerin
837:2024 in
821:2021 in
799:2015 in
783:2011 in
757:2006 in
747:2005 in
737:2004 in
727:2003 in
714:2001 in
704:2000 in
694:1999 in
686:Hannover
684:1998 in
674:1997 in
664:1996 in
654:1995 in
644:1994 in
640:Saarland
634:1993 in
626:Schwerin
624:1992 in
618:1991 in
613:reunited
603:1990 in
554:Hannover
335:Sedantag
295:against
1423:Spiegel
1370:, S. 37
1193:10°17′E
1190:47°25′N
1180:Bavaria
1166:56,461
1143:14°59′E
1125:Görlitz
1116:10,263
971:Görlitz
917:Görlitz
749:Potsdam
706:Dresden
670:Bavaria
620:Hamburg
556:in 2014
548:at the
406:May Day
355:Prussia
341:in the
317:History
293:pogroms
258:Germany
205: (
185:in 1990
172:Germany
83:scholar
1366:
1346:. In:
1326:
1288:
1216:9,974
1171:South
1140:51°9′N
1130:Saxony
1093:5°55′E
1090:51°1′N
1066:2,462
1043:8°26′E
1040:55°1′N
1021:North
1010:State
870:Munich
851:Berlin
739:Erfurt
710:Saxony
666:Munich
650:Bremen
646:Bremen
605:Berlin
229:German
218:Annual
169:
150:German
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1560:1989
1539:Bonn
1121:East
1071:West
893:]
823:Halle
716:Mainz
700:Hesse
90:JSTOR
76:books
1460:2014
1393:2014
1364:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1268:2024
943:List
905:Sylt
901:List
884:the
785:Bonn
759:Kiel
581:Bonn
297:Jews
190:Date
62:news
868:in
568:).
404:),
256:of
45:by
1578::
1421:.
1358:.
1342::
1311:^
891:de
611:,
607:,
524:,
481:.
470:.
235:,
231::
152::
1516:.
1462:.
1425:.
1395:.
1305:.
1270:.
227:(
209:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
