1013:
156:
340:
875:
861:
45:
389:... the thing that fascinated me most about them was that they never said anything negative about German people... you know, they would say 'Oh, he's German, you know that German family.' But they never said anything bad about them, and I felt that was unique, because they did say bad things about other people, but not about the Germans."
246:
dialect that was tied to the historic period of highest immigration. In
Germany, the language developed differently from how it did among the relatively isolated ethnic colonies in the US. The dialect has largely died out since the
397:
in the 1920s when the KKK began persecuting Texas
Germans, seeking to eliminate the Texas German ethnicity in Texas. The Black-German alliance gave Black and German communities mutual protection.
143:; the majority settled in a broad, fragmented belt across the south-central part of the state, where many became farmers. As of 1990, about three million Texans considered themselves
1227:
2320:
393:
Black Texans and Texas
Germans had a strong political bond, and supported the same political parties. This bond became increasingly crucial, especially during the height of
1860:
347:
Texas
Germans engaged with Black people economically and socially in the 1800s. Black Texans interacted much easier with Texas Germans than with white Anglo-Texans; Black
1674:
1657:
1881:
3209:
1085:
3345:
3288:
1247:
1252:
1153:
813:
4431:
2097:
1112:
2503:
2153:
278:, Texas Germans lived in relative obscurity as teachers, doctors, civil servants, politicians, musicians, farmers, and ranchers. They founded the towns of
4557:
4547:
4507:
2996:
2981:
2735:
2177:
2141:
1739:
2114:
2199:
2131:
2119:
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695:
5431:
507:
5481:
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3202:
2406:
1309:
5486:
3355:
3323:
3253:
1933:
1146:
5471:
4500:
2835:
650:
3373:
5491:
3613:
3273:
3227:
3195:
3655:
3497:
3472:
3340:
275:
1117:
3682:
3313:
3293:
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1354:
4674:
3618:
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1350:
1340:
1330:
1139:
1033:
903:
457:
427:
422:
212:
725:
3589:
3388:
3318:
3303:
2289:
1845:
354:
After the Civil War, reports indicate Black Texas German communities in every county of the German belt, also known as the
256:
798:
211:
to settle German colonists on the land grant. It remains the only unbroken treaty between
European-American colonists and
4658:
3888:
3881:
3814:
3601:
3487:
3328:
3039:
2294:
1895:
1854:
1201:
3709:
3606:
3584:
3403:
3263:
634:
500:
4587:
3440:
3383:
3335:
3258:
3218:
2264:
2016:
1564:
1422:
1239:
972:
926:
3519:
3477:
3462:
3278:
3142:
2399:
1302:
1187:
536:
3529:
3467:
1369:
462:
318:
3574:
3549:
3430:
3350:
3243:
3135:
2259:
442:
180:
Society for the
Protection of German Immigrants in Texas) by a group of Germans dedicated to colonizing Texas.
5110:
3410:
3378:
3365:
3129:
2084:
1964:
1865:
1504:
521:
493:
208:
3052:
1126:
5180:
3482:
3415:
3308:
3166:
1364:
546:
452:
188:
17:
5496:
5446:
5421:
5217:
3554:
3173:
2392:
1295:
997:
703:
5202:
3425:
2041:
1722:
1218:
5476:
5426:
5393:
5037:
4517:
4115:
3099:
2963:
2937:
2493:
1913:
1521:
1092:
964:
708:
1012:
5441:
5416:
4200:
4047:
3769:
3719:
3665:
3457:
1389:
1232:
5378:
4985:
4527:
3697:
3633:
3077:
2165:
1727:
1051:
991:
921:
755:"GermanTexas.org – Promoting Awareness and Preservation of the German Cultural Heritage of Texas"
386:
334:
108:
5165:
3724:
3579:
3450:
3150:
2986:
1785:
1620:
1607:
192:
3070:
5345:
5262:
5227:
5222:
5123:
4582:
4552:
4282:
4245:
4167:
4015:
4010:
3623:
3524:
3298:
3063:
2909:
2852:
2750:
2643:
2548:
2315:
1795:
1790:
1770:
1415:
526:
413:
394:
287:
159:
957:
385:"We lived near Smithville Texas with my grandparents, and they always referred to people as
5335:
5325:
5315:
5305:
5257:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5128:
4567:
4532:
4522:
4359:
4177:
4147:
4101:
3967:
3942:
3764:
3702:
3594:
2971:
2847:
2740:
2676:
2658:
2568:
2553:
1908:
1602:
1274:
607:
322:
283:
660:
351:
shared economic ties with Texas German communities, and maintained cordial relationships.
8:
5330:
5300:
5290:
5280:
5160:
5054:
4653:
4646:
4624:
4602:
4597:
4485:
4406:
4225:
4162:
4132:
4084:
4074:
4027:
4003:
3957:
3952:
3800:
3670:
3628:
3559:
3544:
3539:
3435:
3057:
3032:
2715:
2663:
2648:
2598:
2488:
2474:
2284:
1999:
1810:
1775:
467:
223:
2158:
2124:
676:
629:
580:
321:
in New
Braunfels, the Pioneer Museum in Fredericksburg, the Witte-Schmid Haus Museum in
5353:
5320:
5310:
5285:
5194:
5133:
5118:
5103:
4572:
4542:
4470:
4448:
4416:
4394:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4326:
4287:
4277:
4272:
4235:
4210:
4137:
4079:
4042:
3991:
3986:
3858:
3851:
3836:
3819:
3795:
3774:
3759:
3749:
3734:
3714:
3692:
3638:
3569:
3534:
2991:
2857:
2825:
2820:
2810:
2800:
2784:
2755:
2745:
2725:
2705:
2619:
2578:
2543:
2459:
2429:
2415:
2310:
2279:
2269:
2063:
2026:
1984:
1800:
1744:
1679:
1630:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1552:
1516:
1265:
1208:
1180:
1174:
1022:
809:
655:
602:
561:
556:
363:
348:
303:
299:
267:
112:
104:
1945:
5411:
5295:
5237:
5170:
4629:
4614:
4607:
4577:
4537:
4512:
4495:
4453:
4421:
4411:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4314:
4309:
4302:
4292:
4230:
4215:
4157:
4152:
4120:
4089:
4052:
4037:
4020:
3979:
3947:
3925:
3898:
3846:
3744:
3739:
3729:
3687:
3675:
3564:
3514:
3155:
3002:
2952:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2878:
2862:
2842:
2830:
2815:
2779:
2765:
2760:
2720:
2710:
2689:
2669:
2653:
2629:
2624:
2588:
2573:
2563:
2522:
2480:
2466:
2058:
1994:
1974:
1969:
1918:
1903:
1850:
1822:
1805:
1749:
1689:
1684:
1590:
1359:
1057:
1039:
1029:
1001:
978:
968:
943:
935:
909:
899:
681:
585:
447:
200:
167:
5027:
4841:
3187:
2684:
5247:
5242:
5232:
5212:
4891:
4769:
4689:
4619:
4592:
4562:
4475:
4458:
4436:
4354:
4265:
4260:
4250:
4186:
4094:
4067:
4057:
4032:
3998:
3930:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3893:
3841:
3831:
3824:
3805:
3781:
3754:
3660:
3393:
3089:
2944:
2917:
2883:
2805:
2614:
2583:
2558:
2517:
2498:
2439:
2274:
2254:
2232:
2136:
2046:
2031:
2021:
2004:
1959:
1951:
1923:
1827:
1780:
1765:
1699:
1667:
1640:
1635:
1545:
1408:
1214:
799:"Relations between African and German Americans and Black German Speakers in Texas"
551:
374:
270:, they opposed martial law and military conscription, and were made victims at the
252:
155:
116:
5207:
5155:
4796:
4759:
4714:
4641:
4490:
4480:
4443:
4426:
4399:
4334:
4255:
4240:
4220:
4142:
4125:
4106:
4062:
3972:
3962:
3935:
3920:
3876:
3445:
3026:
3010:
2957:
2903:
2771:
2730:
2593:
2527:
2434:
2092:
1989:
1979:
1940:
1612:
1526:
1509:
1482:
1162:
832:
Legends of Texas
Barbecue Cookbook: Recipes and Recollections from the Pitmasters
541:
279:
271:
243:
235:
128:
187:
helped establish German colonies throughout the state, including purchasing the
5388:
5049:
5002:
4866:
4861:
4826:
4811:
4389:
4205:
4172:
3650:
3645:
2976:
2509:
1732:
1717:
1694:
1650:
1616:
1557:
1454:
1379:
1131:
1102:
866:
472:
378:
339:
307:
295:
219:
140:
1005:
947:
5465:
5094:
4965:
4913:
4901:
4896:
4886:
4876:
4871:
4791:
4764:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4297:
3420:
2187:
2070:
1662:
1645:
1624:
1470:
1384:
1374:
1061:
1043:
982:
939:
913:
733:
311:
291:
227:
80:
5074:
4950:
4734:
2452:
2036:
1538:
1345:
1259:
1194:
880:
531:
437:
432:
367:
263:
231:
92:
76:
1056:. Texians and the Texans. San Antonio: Institute of Texan Cultures. 2001.
5069:
4990:
4970:
4856:
4729:
4634:
2366:
1814:
1335:
1287:
248:
196:
172:
959:
German Seed in Texas Soil: Immigrant
Farmers in Nineteenth-Century Texas
5032:
4975:
4806:
2170:
5079:
4831:
2107:
1531:
5406:
5383:
5358:
5084:
4980:
4836:
4786:
4704:
3047:
2384:
1928:
1461:
343:
Texas
Germans aiming pistols; a Black Texas German is on the far left
4816:
5363:
5017:
5007:
4935:
4908:
4821:
4801:
4739:
4719:
4699:
4694:
3105:
2923:
2635:
2192:
2182:
325:, the German-Texan Heritage Society, and the Texas German Society.
5442:
Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
5175:
5089:
5064:
5012:
4997:
4881:
4709:
4679:
3398:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2204:
1431:
1107:
1080:
792:
790:
788:
786:
772:
359:
144:
2214:
1400:
44:
5368:
4960:
4945:
4940:
4928:
4923:
4851:
4781:
4684:
4463:
2930:
2330:
2325:
2102:
2009:
1121:
1075:
754:
218:
A large portion of the early settlers following statehood were
783:
230:. After generations, German Texans spoke what became known as
5059:
5042:
5022:
4955:
4918:
4846:
4776:
2445:
2146:
924:(October 1969). "The German Settlement of Texas after 1865".
136:
64:
50:
5373:
4724:
2342:
2209:
896:
The History of the German Settlements in Texas, 1831 - 1861
317:
German-American cultural institutions in Texas include the
139:
since the 1830s. The arriving Germans tended to cluster in
844:
5438:
Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity
170:(1836–1846) following the establishment in 1842 of the
3217:
856:
166:Emigration in force began during the period of the
1021:
956:
838:
5463:
1161:
1103:Germanic studies, University of Texas at Austin
1028:. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press.
370:was a means of social mimicry and protection.
3203:
2400:
2068:
1416:
1303:
1147:
773:"Welcome to the Texas German Society Website"
501:
2364:
1536:
1468:
1452:
1445:
847:German-American Life: Recipes and Traditions
597:
595:
135:) are descendants of Germans who settled in
2374:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
3210:
3196:
2407:
2393:
1423:
1409:
1317:
1310:
1296:
1154:
1140:
829:
508:
494:
823:
592:
178:Verein zum Schutze deutscher Einwanderer,
1093:"German Texans: Curriculum for Students"
696:"German Texans: Curriculum for Students"
627:
621:
338:
154:
5407:People of the United States / Americans
3656:Southeast Africans in the United States
3614:African immigrants to the United States
1954:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
1948:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
893:
796:
14:
5464:
3683:Southern Africans in the United States
3525:Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans
2414:
954:
920:
726:"Witte-Schmid Haus Museum, "Das Haus""
672:
670:
628:Tetzlaff, Otto W. (December 8, 2020).
328:
191:, some 5,000 square miles between the
3619:Central Africans in the United States
3191:
2388:
1404:
1291:
1135:
1118:German immigration to Texas materials
648:
5482:German diaspora in the United States
3590:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans
1019:
989:
59:Regions with significant populations
4659:White Hispanic and Latino Americans
3882:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
3815:North Africans in the United States
3602:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans
845:John D. Zug; Karin Gottier (1991).
667:
642:
24:
5487:Austrian-American culture in Texas
3710:West Africans in the United States
3585:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans
1127:How Luckenbach, Texas Got Its Name
887:
635:Texas State Historical Association
25:
5508:
5254:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin
4588:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans
3219:Demographics of the United States
1430:
1069:
996:(Revised ed.). San Antonio:
927:Southwestern Historical Quarterly
894:Biesele, Rudolph Leopold (1987).
603:"William Eberling – German Texan"
5472:German-American culture in Texas
5432:Race and ethnicity in the census
3520:African diaspora in the Americas
1086:Wanderlust: From German to Texan
1011:
873:
859:
819:from the original on 2023-05-23.
537:History of Fredericksburg, Texas
203:, acting as commissioner of the
43:
5492:Swiss-American culture in Texas
3530:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans
834:. Chronicle Books. p. 119.
3575:Kittian and Nevisian Americans
3550:Dominican Americans (Dominica)
797:Hünlich, David (Summer 2021).
765:
747:
718:
688:
574:
366:. For Black Texans, speaking
226:, who dispersed into areas of
13:
1:
5111:Hispanic and Latino Americans
2467:German Mennonites from Russia
1088:, exhibit at the Witte Museum
1076:German-Texan Heritage Society
1024:Foreigners in the Confederacy
849:. Penfield Press. p. 58.
649:Dasso, Tim (4 October 2016).
567:
522:German-Texan Heritage Society
5181:Indigenous Mexican Americans
898:. Austin, Tex: Eakin Press.
808:. Vol. 30, no. 3.
547:German immigration to Mexico
7:
5422:Maps of American ancestries
5218:French Polynesian Americans
3555:Dutch West Indian Americans
1855:Alsatians and Lotharingians
1108:Austin Genealogical Society
998:Institute of Texan Cultures
704:Institute of Texan Cultures
651:"The Unbroken Peace Treaty"
630:"Meusebach-Comanche Treaty"
400:
10:
5513:
5203:Pacific Islander Americans
3064:Alabama Creoles and Cajuns
332:
262:Texas Germans were strong
150:
5402:
5394:Punjabi Mexican Americans
5344:
5273:
5193:
4667:
4518:Liechtensteiner Americans
4325:
3869:
3507:
3496:
3364:
3234:
3225:
3122:
3040:White Hispanic and Latino
3019:
2871:
2793:
2698:
2607:
2536:
2422:
2357:
2303:
2225:
2083:
1894:
1874:
1838:
1758:
1710:
1573:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1438:
1323:
1170:
965:University of Texas Press
955:Jordan, Terry G. (1994).
266:during the 1850s. In the
209:Meusebach–Comanche Treaty
103:
98:
91:
86:
75:
70:
63:
58:
42:
5417:Native American ancestry
4192:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies
4048:Indo-Caribbean Americans
3770:Sierra Leonean Americans
3720:Bissau-Guinean Americans
3666:South Sudanese Americans
2987:Scots-Irish/Ulster Scots
189:Fisher–Miller Land Grant
27:Texans of German descent
5379:Louisiana Creole people
4528:Luxembourgish Americans
3698:South African Americans
3634:Equatoguinean Americans
1875:Multinational dimension
1122:Portal to Texas History
335:Black Dutch (genealogy)
5166:Puerto Rican Americans
3725:Cape Verdean Americans
3580:Saint Lucian Americans
3356:Ethnocultural politics
3324:Racial achievement gap
3254:Educational attainment
2365:
2069:
1796:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1537:
1469:
1453:
1446:
1318:Ethnic groups in Texas
990:Lich, Glen E. (1996).
777:texasgermansociety.com
391:
344:
239:
163:
132:
5263:New Zealand Americans
5228:Micronesian Americans
5223:Marshallese Americans
5124:Costa Rican Americans
4583:Sammarinese Americans
4553:Montenegrin Americans
4283:Azerbaijani Americans
4246:Palestinian Americans
4168:Singaporean Americans
4016:Bangladeshi Americans
3624:Cameroonian Americans
3346:Unemployment by state
1355:Hispanics and Latinos
1113:German Texan Families
527:List of German Texans
443:Hispanics and Latinos
395:anti-German sentiment
383:
342:
333:Further information:
255:, as have many other
158:
105:Missouri Rhinelanders
99:Related ethnic groups
5336:Venezuelan Americans
5326:Surinamese Americans
5316:Paraguayan Americans
5306:Ecuadorian Americans
5258:Australian Americans
5149:Salvadoran Americans
5144:Panamanian Americans
5139:Nicaraguan Americans
5129:Guatemalan Americans
4568:Portuguese Americans
4533:Macedonian Americans
4523:Lithuanian Americans
4360:Belarusian Americans
4178:Vietnamese Americans
4148:Indonesian Americans
4102:Sri Lankan Americans
3968:Fuzhounese Americans
3765:Senegalese Americans
3703:Zimbabwean Americans
3595:Vincentian Americans
2677:Norwegian Minnesotan
2295:United Arab Emirates
1603:Transylvanian Saxons
1081:Texas German Society
759:www.germantexans.org
730:Texas German Society
608:Texas State Cemetery
356:Texas German Country
5331:Uruguayan Americans
5301:Colombian Americans
5291:Brazilian Americans
5281:Argentine Americans
5161:Dominican Americans
5055:Alaskan Athabaskans
4654:Non-Hispanic whites
4647:Ukrainian Americans
4625:Slovenian Americans
4603:Norwegian Americans
4598:Icelandic Americans
4486:Hungarian Americans
4432:Dagestani Americans
4407:Bulgarian Americans
4226:Jordanian Americans
4163:Malaysian Americans
4133:Cambodian Americans
4085:Pakistani Americans
4075:Maldivian Americans
4028:Bhutanese Americans
4004:Mongolian Americans
3958:Taiwanese Americans
3953:Hong Kong Americans
3801:Ethiopian Americans
3671:Tanzanian Americans
3629:Congolese Americans
3560:Grenadian Americans
3545:Bermudian Americans
3540:Barbadian Americans
3274:Housing segregation
3228:Demographic history
3033:Non-Hispanic whites
1882:Central and Eastern
1786:Italy (South Tyrol)
1020:Lonn, Ella (2002).
830:Robb Walsh (2016).
408:Part of a series on
373:Doris Williams, an
329:Black Texas Germans
224:Revolutions of 1848
222:, emigres from the
39:
5497:Texas Hill Country
5321:Peruvian Americans
5311:Guyanese Americans
5286:Bolivian Americans
5208:Chamorro Americans
5134:Honduran Americans
5119:Belizean Americans
5104:Canadian Americans
4573:Romanian Americans
4543:Moldovan Americans
4471:Galician Americans
4449:Estonian Americans
4417:Croatian Americans
4395:Scottish Americans
4350:Austrian Americans
4345:Asturian Americans
4340:Albanian Americans
4288:Georgian Americans
4278:Assyrian Americans
4273:Armenian Americans
4236:Lebanese Americans
4211:Bahraini Americans
4138:Filipino Americans
4080:Nepalese Americans
4043:Gujarati Americans
3992:Ryukyuan Americans
3987:Japanese Americans
3859:Sudanese Americans
3852:Tunisian Americans
3837:Algerian Americans
3820:Egyptian Americans
3796:Eritrean Americans
3775:Togolese Americans
3760:Nigerian Americans
3750:Liberian Americans
3735:Ghanaian Americans
3715:Beninese Americans
3693:Malawian Americans
3639:Gabonese Americans
3570:Jamaican Americans
3535:Bahamian Americans
3441:Moorish Scientists
3341:Standard of living
3058:French Louisianian
2460:Pennsylvania Dutch
2416:European Americans
2027:Pennsylvania Dutch
810:Max Kade Institute
806:Friends Newsletter
656:True West Magazine
562:History of Germany
557:Pennsylvania Dutch
414:Ethnicity in Texas
345:
319:Sophienburg Museum
300:Texas Hill Country
268:American Civil War
257:US German dialects
164:
113:Pennsylvania Dutch
33:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5412:American ancestry
5296:Chilean Americans
5238:Palauan Americans
5171:Mexican Americans
4630:Spanish Americans
4615:Serbian Americans
4608:Swedish Americans
4578:Russian Americans
4558:Occitan Americans
4548:Monacan Americans
4538:Maltese Americans
4513:Latvian Americans
4508:Kosovan Americans
4496:Italian Americans
4454:Finnish Americans
4422:Cypriot Americans
4412:Catalan Americans
4385:English Americans
4380:Cornish Americans
4375:British Americans
4370:Bosnian Americans
4365:Belgian Americans
4315:Turkish Americans
4310:Kurdish Americans
4303:Israeli Americans
4293:Iranian Americans
4231:Kuwaiti Americans
4216:Emirati Americans
4158:Laotian Americans
4153:Iu Mien Americans
4121:Burmese Americans
4090:Punjabi Americans
4053:Punjabi Americans
4038:Bengali Americans
4021:Bengali Americans
3980:Tibetan Americans
3948:Chinese Americans
3926:Turkmen Americans
3899:Pashtun Americans
3847:Moroccan American
3745:Ivorian Americans
3740:Guinean Americans
3730:Gambian Americans
3688:Angolan Americans
3676:Ugandan Americans
3565:Haitian Americans
3515:African Americans
3314:Racial inequality
3284:Income inequality
3249:Gender inequality
3185:
3184:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3156:White Southerners
3145:
3138:
3113:
3108:
3092:
3085:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3042:
3035:
3005:
2966:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2912:
2774:
2679:
2672:
2670:Norwegian Dakotan
2638:
2512:
2483:
2481:Hungarian Ohioans
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2382:
2381:
2353:
2352:
1890:
1889:
1690:Russian Mennonite
1398:
1397:
1331:African Americans
1285:
1284:
1266:Shenandoah Valley
1035:978-0-8078-5400-6
905:978-1-57168-236-9
682:Handbook of Texas
586:Handbook of Texas
518:
517:
423:African Americans
253:Second World Wars
207:, negotiated the
201:John O. Meusebach
168:Republic of Texas
122:
121:
109:Louisiana Creoles
16:(Redirected from
5504:
5477:History of Texas
5248:Tongan Americans
5243:Samoan Americans
5233:Native Hawaiians
5213:Fijian Americans
5115:Central America
4675:Native Americans
4620:Slovak Americans
4593:Danish Americans
4563:Polish Americans
4476:German Americans
4459:French Americans
4437:Lezgin Americans
4355:Basque Americans
4298:Jewish Americans
4266:Yemeni Americans
4261:Syrian Americans
4251:Qatari Americans
4187:Romani Americans
4095:Sindhi Americans
4068:Telugu Americans
4058:Sindhi Americans
4033:Indian Americans
3999:Korean Americans
3931:Uyghur Americans
3916:Kyrgyz Americans
3911:Kazakh Americans
3906:Baloch Americans
3894:Afghan Americans
3842:Libyan Americans
3832:Berber Americans
3825:Coptic Americans
3806:Somali Americans
3782:Yoruba Americans
3755:Malian Americans
3661:Kenyan Americans
3505:
3504:
3498:By continent and
3269:Household income
3212:
3205:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3141:
3134:
3111:
3104:
3090:Creoles of color
3088:
3083:
3078:Louisiana Creole
3076:
3069:
3062:
3038:
3031:
3001:
2962:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2908:
2770:
2699:Southeast Europe
2675:
2668:
2634:
2508:
2479:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2370:
2321:Papua New Guinea
2159:Kapitaï and Koba
2125:Kapitaï and Koba
2074:
1952:Los Lagos Region
1934:British Columbia
1542:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1474:
1458:
1449:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1370:Native Americans
1312:
1305:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1163:German Americans
1156:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1120:, hosted by the
1099:
1097:
1065:
1047:
1027:
1016:
1015:
1009:
986:
962:
951:
922:Jordan, Terry G.
917:
883:
878:
877:
876:
869:
864:
863:
862:
851:
850:
842:
836:
835:
827:
821:
820:
818:
812:. pp. 4–6.
803:
794:
781:
780:
769:
763:
762:
751:
745:
744:
742:
741:
732:. Archived from
722:
716:
715:
713:
707:. Archived from
700:
692:
686:
674:
665:
664:
659:. Archived from
646:
640:
639:
625:
619:
618:
616:
615:
599:
590:
578:
552:German Palatines
510:
503:
496:
463:Native Americans
405:
404:
375:African American
349:Freedom colonies
213:Native Americans
117:German Americans
47:
40:
32:
21:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5451:
5398:
5340:
5269:
5189:
5156:Cuban Americans
4797:Mission Indians
4663:
4642:Swiss Americans
4491:Irish Americans
4481:Greek Americans
4444:Dutch Americans
4427:Czech Americans
4400:Welsh Americans
4335:White Americans
4321:
4256:Saudi Americans
4241:Omani Americans
4221:Iraqi Americans
4143:Hmong Americans
4126:Karen Americans
4107:Tamil Americans
4063:Tamil Americans
3973:Hoklo Americans
3963:Hakka Americans
3936:Uzbek Americans
3921:Tajik Americans
3877:Asian Americans
3865:
3792:Horn of Africa
3500:ethnic ancestry
3499:
3492:
3458:Native American
3446:Nation of Islam
3436:Five Percenters
3360:
3329:Racial wage gap
3319:Race and health
3304:Personal income
3236:
3230:
3221:
3216:
3186:
3181:
3118:
3100:French Canadian
3027:White Americans
3020:Other Europeans
3015:
2964:Irish Traveller
2867:
2794:Southern Europe
2789:
2694:
2608:Northern Europe
2603:
2532:
2494:Liechtensteiner
2418:
2413:
2383:
2378:
2349:
2299:
2221:
2079:
1946:Los Ríos Region
1886:
1870:
1834:
1759:Southern Europe
1754:
1728:North Schleswig
1711:Northern Europe
1706:
1569:
1510:Sudeten Germans
1477:
1434:
1429:
1399:
1394:
1390:White Americans
1319:
1316:
1286:
1281:
1207:Massachusetts (
1166:
1160:
1095:
1091:
1072:
1050:
1036:
1010:
975:
906:
890:
888:Further reading
879:
874:
872:
865:
860:
858:
855:
854:
843:
839:
828:
824:
816:
801:
795:
784:
771:
770:
766:
753:
752:
748:
739:
737:
724:
723:
719:
711:
698:
694:
693:
689:
675:
668:
647:
643:
626:
622:
613:
611:
601:
600:
593:
579:
575:
570:
542:Nueces Massacre
514:
477:
403:
358:, running from
337:
331:
272:Nueces massacre
244:German language
153:
141:ethnic enclaves
54:
35:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5510:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5107:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5050:Alaska Natives
5047:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5028:Tohono Oʼodham
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4390:Manx Americans
4387:
4382:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4206:Arab Americans
4197:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4173:Thai Americans
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4116:Southeast Asia
4113:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3955:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3653:
3651:Igbo Americans
3648:
3646:Fula Americans
3643:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3511:
3509:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3478:Scientologists
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3451:Value Creators
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3299:Middle classes
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3264:Home-ownership
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3074:
3067:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2872:Western Europe
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2537:Eastern Europe
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2423:Central Europe
2420:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2338:German Samoans
2335:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1866:United Kingdom
1863:
1858:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1839:Western Europe
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1733:Potato Germans
1730:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1668:North Caucasus
1665:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1610:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1574:Eastern Europe
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1505:Czech Republic
1501:
1499:
1498:Central Europe
1492:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1455:Reichsdeutsche
1450:
1447:Bundesdeutsche
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1348:
1343:
1338:
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1471:Volksdeutsche
1467:
1463:
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1444:
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1437:
1433:
1432:German people
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
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1407:
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1053:German Texans
1049:
1045:
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1018:
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1007:
1003:
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993:German Texans
988:
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974:9780292727076
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736:on 2013-02-02
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323:Austin County
320:
315:
314:to the east.
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:New Braunfels
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:abolitionists
260:
258:
254:
250:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:Central Texas
225:
221:
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210:
206:
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181:
179:
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169:
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148:
147:in ancestry.
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:Texas Germans
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
94:
90:
85:
82:
81:Texas English
78:
74:
69:
66:
62:
57:
52:
46:
41:
38:
34:Texas Germans
19:
3889:Central Asia
3488:Zoroastrians
3336:Social class
2910:Jersey Dutch
2453:German Texan
2166:South Africa
1539:Walddeutsche
1195:German Coast
1052:
1023:
992:
958:
931:
925:
895:
881:Texas portal
846:
840:
831:
825:
805:
776:
767:
758:
749:
738:. Retrieved
734:the original
729:
720:
709:the original
702:
690:
680:
661:the original
654:
644:
633:
623:
612:. Retrieved
606:
584:
576:
532:Texas German
392:
384:
372:
368:Texas German
364:Hills Region
355:
353:
346:
316:
261:
240:Texasdeutsch
232:Texas German
217:
204:
197:Llano Rivers
184:
182:
177:
171:
165:
124:
123:
93:Christianity
77:Texas German
49:The flag of
36:
30:Ethnic group
18:German Texan
5427:2010 census
5346:Multiethnic
4635:Californios
4501:before 1880
3404:Protestants
3366:By religion
3279:Immigration
3235:By economic
3136:Los Angeles
2853:Sammarinese
2836:before 1880
2751:Montenegrin
2644:Greenlandic
2549:Azerbaijani
2367:Ostsiedlung
2316:New Zealand
2290:Philippines
2132:Ivory Coast
2017:Puerto Rico
1970:El Salvador
1861:Netherlands
1815:Gottscheers
1615:(including
1565:Switzerland
1240:Puerto Rico
1193:Louisiana (
1165:by location
381:, recalls:
304:Schulenburg
205:Adelsverein
199:. In 1847,
185:Adelsverein
173:Adelsverein
5466:Categories
5354:Afro-Asian
4976:Potawatomi
4807:Chemehuevi
4011:South Asia
3473:Rastafaris
3431:Ahmadiyyas
3384:Christians
3259:Emigration
3237:and social
3130:California
2848:Portuguese
2741:Macedonian
2659:Lithuanian
2569:Circassian
2554:Belarusian
2280:Kyrgyzstan
2270:Kazakhstan
2171:Afrikaners
1965:Costa Rica
1929:Hutterites
1791:Yugoslavia
1771:Azerbaijan
1680:Bessarabia
1439:Historical
1353:and other
1271:Wisconsin
1264:Virginia (
1248:Cincinnati
1200:Maryland (
1188:Louisville
1186:Kentucky (
1179:Illinois (
1006:1128281376
963:. Austin:
948:9973024504
740:2013-06-02
614:2013-06-02
568:References
5384:Melungeon
5359:Amerasian
5085:Tsimshian
4892:Chochenyo
4837:Kitanemuk
4787:Menominee
4770:Tuscarora
4705:Chickasaw
4690:Blackfeet
4201:West Asia
3943:East Asia
3463:Neopagans
3389:Catholics
3379:Buddhists
3244:Affluence
3167:Louisiana
3123:By region
3048:Melungeon
3003:Wisconsin
2716:Bulgarian
2664:Norwegian
2649:Icelandic
2599:Ukrainian
2489:Kashubian
2475:Hungarian
2311:Australia
2064:Venezuela
2047:Palatines
1995:Nicaragua
1975:Guatemala
1904:Argentina
1685:Black Sea
1631:Satu Mare
1591:Black Sea
1462:Palatines
1385:Spaniards
1341:Filipinos
1275:Milwaukee
1253:Cleveland
1224:New York
1202:Baltimore
1062:813001512
1044:918253438
983:925060333
940:0038-478X
914:950973810
679:from the
583:from the
71:Languages
5364:Blaxican
5176:Chicanos
5070:Gwich'in
5018:Shoshone
5008:Seminole
4936:Muscogee
4909:Tataviam
4872:Suisunes
4822:Diegueño
4802:Cahuilla
4760:Onondaga
4740:Iroquois
4720:Comanche
4715:Colville
4700:Cheyenne
4695:Cherokee
3289:Language
3174:Maryland
3161:Arkansas
2992:Scottish
2945:Huguenot
2938:Canadian
2858:Sicilian
2826:Galician
2821:Corsican
2811:Canarian
2801:Asturian
2785:Yugoslav
2756:Romanian
2746:Moldovan
2726:Croatian
2706:Albanian
2620:Estonian
2579:Georgian
2544:Armenian
2504:Silesian
2430:Austrian
2358:See also
2285:Pakistan
2193:Zanzibar
2183:Bagamoyo
2178:Tanzania
2098:Cameroon
2032:Nebraska
2000:Paraguay
1960:Colombia
1896:Americas
1828:Bosporus
1811:Slovenia
1776:Bulgaria
1636:Bukovina
1621:Highland
1608:Landlers
1553:Slovakia
1483:Diaspora
1360:Japanese
1351:Mexicans
1228:Syracuse
1215:Nebraska
814:Archived
458:Mexicans
448:Japanese
401:See also
280:Bulverde
274:. After
193:Colorado
87:Religion
5389:Mulatto
5195:Oceania
5090:Tlingit
5080:Iñupiat
5065:Alutiiq
5013:Shawnee
4998:Quechan
4882:Awaswas
4867:Serrano
4862:Salinan
4842:Luiseño
4832:Juaneño
4827:Esselen
4812:Chumash
4710:Choctaw
4680:Abenaki
3426:Muslims
3399:Mormons
3394:Coptics
3374:Baha'is
3309:Poverty
3106:Acadian
3071:Isleños
2997:Walloon
2982:Occitan
2953:Frisian
2924:Acadian
2899:English
2894:Cornish
2889:British
2879:Belgian
2863:Spanish
2843:Maltese
2831:Italian
2816:Catalan
2780:Turkish
2766:Serbian
2761:Slovene
2736:Kosovan
2721:Cypriot
2711:Bosnian
2690:Swedish
2654:Latvian
2636:Findian
2630:Finnish
2625:Faroese
2589:Russian
2574:Cossack
2564:Chechen
2523:Sorbian
2304:Oceania
2248:Tianjin
2243:Qingdao
2238:Beijing
2205:Baguida
2154:Senegal
2142:Nigeria
2137:Namibia
2108:Yaoundé
2059:Uruguay
2052:by city
1985:Jamaica
1914:Bolivia
1846:Belgium
1801:Croatia
1781:Georgia
1766:Armenia
1745:Finland
1723:Denmark
1700:Galicia
1675:Ukraine
1641:Dobruja
1598:Romania
1586:Moldova
1581:Belarus
1546:Galicia
1532:Olęders
1527:Vistula
1517:Hungary
1346:Germans
1209:Holyoke
1181:Chicago
1175:Alabama
581:Germans
438:Germans
428:Chinese
362:to the
360:Houston
308:Walburg
298:in the
296:Comfort
151:History
5447:Racism
5369:Cajuns
5038:Yakama
5003:Salish
4981:Pueblo
4966:Pawnee
4961:Paiute
4946:Ojibwe
4941:Navajo
4929:Yokuts
4924:Wintun
4914:Tongva
4902:Tamyen
4897:Karkin
4887:Chalon
4877:Ohlone
4852:Patwin
4817:Cupeño
4792:Mohave
4782:Lenape
4765:Seneca
4755:Oneida
4750:Mohawk
4745:Cayuga
4685:Apache
4464:Cajuns
4327:Europe
3508:Africa
3411:Hindus
3351:Wealth
3151:Hawaii
2918:French
2884:Breton
2806:Basque
2615:Danish
2584:Kalmyk
2559:Lezgin
2518:Slovak
2499:Polish
2440:German
2331:Rabaul
2326:Kokopo
2260:Israel
2120:Guinea
2103:Douala
2093:Angola
2085:Africa
2010:Pozuzo
1990:Mexico
1924:Canada
1919:Brazil
1909:Belize
1851:France
1823:Turkey
1806:Serbia
1750:Sweden
1740:Norway
1695:Crimea
1658:Russia
1651:Zipser
1625:Walser
1623:, and
1613:Danube
1558:Zipser
1522:Poland
1491:Europe
1375:Romani
1336:Czechs
1324:Groups
1060:
1042:
1032:
1004:
981:
971:
946:
938:
912:
902:
684:Online
588:Online
468:Romani
433:Czechs
312:Weimar
310:, and
302:, and
294:, and
292:Boerne
236:German
145:German
129:German
5095:Yupik
5075:Haida
5060:Aleut
5043:Yaqui
5023:Sioux
4956:Odawa
4951:Osage
4919:Wappo
4847:Miwok
4777:Kiowa
4735:Houma
3483:Sikhs
3416:Jains
3112:Cajun
3084:Cajun
3053:Métis
3011:Welsh
2958:Irish
2931:Cajun
2904:Dutch
2731:Greek
2594:Rusyn
2528:Swiss
2510:Texas
2446:Amish
2435:Czech
2275:Korea
2265:Japan
2255:India
2233:China
2147:Lagos
2115:Ghana
2042:Omaha
2037:Texas
1980:Haiti
1941:Chile
1663:Volga
1646:Regat
1617:Banat
1260:Texas
1244:Ohio
1219:Omaha
1096:(PDF)
817:(PDF)
802:(PDF)
712:(PDF)
699:(PDF)
473:Wends
387:Dutch
249:First
242:), a
137:Texas
65:Texas
51:Texas
5374:Hapa
4991:Zuni
4971:Pima
4857:Pomo
4730:Crow
4725:Cree
3870:Asia
3421:Jews
3294:LGBT
2977:Manx
2685:Sámi
2343:Apia
2226:Asia
2215:Lomé
2210:Sebe
2200:Togo
2005:Peru
1365:Jews
1058:OCLC
1040:OCLC
1030:ISBN
1002:OCLC
979:OCLC
969:ISBN
944:OCLC
936:ISSN
910:OCLC
900:ISBN
453:Jews
251:and
195:and
183:The
5033:Ute
4986:Zia
377:in
5468::
1619:,
1038:.
1000:.
977:.
967:.
942:.
932:73
930:.
908:.
804:.
785:^
775:.
757:.
728:.
701:.
669:^
653:.
632:.
605:.
594:^
306:,
290:,
286:,
282:,
259:.
238::
215:.
131::
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1857:)
1853:(
1817:)
1813:(
1627:)
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1221:)
1217:(
1211:)
1204:)
1197:)
1190:)
1183:)
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1141:v
1098:.
1064:.
1046:.
1008:.
985:.
950:.
916:.
779:.
761:.
743:.
638:.
617:.
509:e
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234:(
176:(
127:(
53:.
20:)
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