1822:"The attacks in the early morning of 22 June were directed primarily against thirty-one airfields and against the supposed quarters of senior staffs, barracks, artillery positions, bunkers, and oil-storage facilities. Initially Soviet fighters showed little desire to engage in combat and turned away at considerable range if fire was opened. Soviet anti-aircraft fire was initially weak. Оn the morning of 22 June the Soviets lost а total of 890 aircraft, 222 of them in aerial combat or to anti-aircraft fire and 668 on the ground. The Luftwaffe, on the other hand, lost only 18 aircraft. Ву midnight оп 22 June, Soviet losses had risen to а total of 1,811 aircraft, with 1,489 destroyed оn the ground and 322 destroyed mostly in the air. German losses rose to 35 aircraft. During the first days of the attack aerial reconnaissance discovered many previously unknown airfields with а large number of aircraft, which necessitated continued massed attacks by the Luftwaffe against Soviet air-force units during the following days. Between 23 and 26 June а total of 123 airfields were attacked. Ву the end of June some 330 German aircraft had been lost, against а total of 4,614 Soviet aircraft reported destroyed, 1,438 in the air and 3,176 оn the ground. Ву the end of the fighting in the frontier area on 12 July, the figures had risen to 6,857 Soviet aircraft destroyed against 550 total losses on the German side."
1561:
1491:. The airfield based the 74th Attack Aviation Regiment, which lost 47 I-15s, 5 I-153s and 8 IL-2 aircraft on 22 June. Slightly later, KG 54 attacked airfields in the area, and its 80 Ju 88s destroyed 100 Soviet aircraft. However, the Luftwaffe and its allies were far from alone in the skies. The VVS flew 6,000 sorties (in comparison to the Germans' 2,272 sorties) and VVS ZOVO put 1,900 aircraft into the air. They put up bitter resistance in the air, scoring a few successes. Such was the intensity and determination of the Soviet pilots they disregarded their losses and fought with a resolve which surprised German airmen. In several cases Soviet pilots rammed German machines, using the tactic of
1526:, order the long-range aviation into action. The 96 Long-Range Aviation Regiment of 3rd Bomber Aviation Corps put 70 DB-3s into the air but lost 22 with many others returning damaged. The German fighter pilots had it very easy under these circumstances, attacking unescorted bombers in a target-rich environment. JG 53 claimed 74 air victories for two losses. III./JG 53 claimed 36 air victories alone and 28 on the ground. JG 51 was credited with 12 fighters and 57 bombers. JG 54 accounted for 45 air victories and 35 on the ground for one Bf 109 damaged. The Bf 110s of SKG 210 accounted for 334 Soviet aircraft against 14 airfields. It lost seven Bf 110s destroyed or damaged.
189:
180:
171:
162:
151:
140:
105:
301:
289:
278:
267:
256:
245:
234:
223:
212:
201:
119:
1514:, stunned by the initial assault, took several hours to realize the disastrous situation and to respond. They ordered every available VVS bomber into the air. Without coordination and fighter escort, they suffered catastrophic losses, and flew, quite literally, to the "last man". The Germans assessed the bravery of Soviet bomber crews as unequalled in this regard. In the event, the VVS' bombers kept coming, and on several occasions the Bf 109s wiped out entire formations. Only 10 hours after the first Axis attacks, at 13:40, did the commander of the Red Army Air Force (VVS KA -
1801:
aircraft discovered at airfields and landing sites. A detailed study of the vehicles captured by the
Germans and published photographs showed that not all Soviet fighters, bombers, and attack aircraft were seriously damaged as a result of air raids. Often planes were blown up and burned not by German bombs, but by their own crews during the retreat due to the inability to evacuate equipment in the chaos of the retreat. During the first day of war, according to very incomplete Soviet archival data reliable Soviet losses amounted to at least 2,000 combat aircraft.
1427:
43:
1501:
1399:, who said, summing up: "We have a lot of accumulated experience regarding the use of the Air Force in operations, but, as noted at the meeting, this experience has not yet been generalized and studied. Furthermore, - and this can be fraught with serious consequences - our Air Force leadership does not have a unified view on such issues as the formation and planning of operations, assessment enemy, methods of conducting air warfare and imposing one’s will on the enemy, choosing targets, etc.".
1569:
were more significant. In some cases
Luftwaffe losses, relevant to their strength were "shocking"; KG 51 lost 15 Ju 88s in one action. KG 55 lost 10 He 111s over the airfields. In contrast other bombers units suffered lightly. KG 27 claimed 40 Soviet aircraft on the ground, for no loss. Total Luftwaffe losses amounted to 55 combat aircraft on 22 June; 14 Bf 109s, 6 Bf 110s, 11 He 111s, two Ju 87s, 21 Ju 87s, one Do 17 and 6 miscellaneous types. The
1631:
location of Soviet alternate airfields, as well as field sites near the border. Therefore, those Soviet units that were able to relocate on 22 June suffered no less than the rest. Soviet pilots were taught: who could be higher the enemy - he dominates the battle. In real life, German aviation operated at low, and sometimes extremely low, altitudes. Under these conditions, Soviet fighter pilots First of all, those who piloted the new
1610:
all, the
Germans turned out to be very persistent in achieving their goals. Thus, for the Soviet 10th mixed aviation division, the first strike took by surprise only the 74th assault aviation regiment of Major B.Vasilyev. The 123rd Fighter Aviation Regiment suffered the main losses during the fifth raid, and the 33rd Fighter Aviation Regiment suffered the main losses during the fourth. In the latter case, nine German
1538:
109 training aircraft were destroyed. The Long-Range
Aviation and naval air forces reported the loss of 336 aircraft. Entire units were nearly wiped out. The 9th Mixed Aviation Division lost 347 out of 409 aircraft including the majority of the 57 MiG 3 and 52 I-16s of its 129th Fighter Aviation Regiment. The division's commander,
1626:
A very significant factor that influenced the sharp decline in the combat effectiveness of the Soviet Air Force was the loss of control in most Air Force units - aviation divisions, regiments. Things were especially bad on the Soviet
Western Front, where the front air force headquarters was virtually
1568:
In all, two waves of Axis attacks struck. In the morning, the first wave destroyed 1,800 aircraft for two losses, while the second wave lost 33 Axis machines but destroyed 700 Soviet aircraft. The Soviet official history of the VVS only admits to "around" 1,200 losses. In the air battles, Axis losses
1679:
hardship were waiting for them there. In general, in the East, where there was a ‘war to the death’, the pilots had no guarantee that they would survive! Therefore, once in enemy territory, they first fled the landing site and hid, and then tried to get to the front line and reach their own troops".
1673:
until the end of the war, but they were sure that they would survive. The same thing happened to the
British and Americans when they were shot down over the Third Reich. However, on the Eastern Front everything was different. Red propaganda sought to inspire in soldiers ‘devotion to the Motherland’,
1630:
There was no general plan for withdrawing Soviet air units from German attack. Under these conditions, not all commanders made decisions appropriate to the current situation and tried to maneuver their forces. But failure awaited them too, since it turned out that the
Luftwaffe was well aware of the
1596:
had attained air superiority, if not supremacy at this point. The low German opinion of Soviet combat capabilities had been confirmed, and was bolstered by information provided by captured VVS personnel. The Soviet bomber fleet had been crippled; its remaining forces continued costly attacks on the
1390:
At a meeting of senior command staff dedicated to the use of branches of the Armed Forces in the upcoming war, which took place six months before the Nazi invasion, where sometimes the most contradictory opinions were expressed. The speakers presented different, sometimes directly opposing views on
1537:
soon overran, counted over 2,000 wrecks. Soviet sources confirm these totals. The VVS Baltic
District lost 56 aircraft on 11 airfields. VVS ZOVO lost 738 of its 1,789 aircraft on 26 airfields. The VVS Kiev District had 23 of its airfields bombed it lost 192 aircraft, 97 on the ground. In addition,
1386:
No less problems arose when solving those of staffing. Bureaucracy, inertia, the desire primarily for quantitative indicators seriously harmed the strengthening of the air power of the Soviet Union. Excessive ideologization and great attention to the "class" factor when recruiting the Red Army Air
1609:
against the
Luftwaffe, against Empire of Japan in 1939, and Finland in 1939/1940, many understood that war could not be avoided and expected a German attack. What was unexpected for all of them was the nature of the air war that the Luftwaffe imposed on Soviets from the very first hours. First of
1382:
lagged behind, and the production of much-needed aluminum did not meet the needs of industry. Therefore, most Soviet aircraft had a mixed design with an extensive use of wood. The radio industry had failed to provide aircraft with reliable and compact radios and other necessary equipment, such as
1368:
on Soviet airfields was thwarted: the clear and coordinated activity of all Soviet air defense services, especially air surveillance posts, made it possible to timely launch fighters into the air, and the “Stalinist falcons” completely defeated the German pilots and forced them to retreat. A book
1269:
The
Germans won a convincing victory, demonstrated superiority in tactics, the skills of pilots and, having destroyed significant forces of outnumbered Soviet air forces, gained air supremacy. The defeat was seen as forcing the Soviets to request replacement lost aircraft from the western powers,
1804:
According to German reports, 1,811 Soviet aircraft were destroyed on the ground and in the air on 22 June, another 755 on 23 June, and total 2,546 in just two days of war. Soviet official losses give (even despite the obvious incompleteness of the data due to the loss of documents during a hasty
1678:
PoW in German camps was also very high. So for Russian pilots being captured was often worse than death. Often German aircrew who had bailed out or made an emergency landing were immediately killed by local residents or angry Red Army soldiers. If the pilots made it to a prison camp, horrors and
1618:
The tactics of German aviation consisted of alternating raids on airfields by fighters and bombers in small and medium groups, depending on Soviet opposition. And since many airfields did not have any air defense systems at all, and others had one or two anti-aircraft machine guns, there were no
1325:
Even at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, significant Luftwaffe forces remained in the West. In total, the West had about 33% of all available combat aircraft (including in the Mediterranean theater). This force consisted of 31% of all single-engine fighters, 27% of twin-engine fighters and
1800:
Air Force) were completely destroyed on the first day of the war. From this came the now well-known figure of 1,200 lost Soviet aircraft. German reports claim that 322 Soviet aircraft were shot down in the air and 1,489 destroyed on the ground. The last figure was obtained by counting captured
1830:
The German-Soviet battle on 22 June has no equal in military history. The Luftwaffe launched an offensive against the Soviets, who had been warned and were preparing to repel a German attack. Although the Germans were inferior to the Soviets by more than 5 times in the number of single-engine
1377:
At the end of the 1930s, everything was still noticeably behind the Soviet engine building from Western standards. Many Soviet aircraft manufacturing enterprises used outdated technology, the work was slowed down by a low-power experimental production base, poor technical equipment of Soviet
1322:. At last readiness, as of 21 June 1941, approximately 3,567 combat aircraft (72%) were in combat readiness. This included 76% single-engine fighters and fighter-bombers, 72% twin-engine fighters and fighter-bombers, 72% night fighters, 71% dive bombers, and 66% two- and four-engine bombers.
1470:
aerodrome the 39th Mixed Bomber Aviation Regiment of 10th Mixed Aviation Division lost 43 SBs and five Pe-2s on the ground after attacks by KG 3, which lost one bomber. Further to the west, the 33rd Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 10th Mixed Aviation Division lost 46 I-53 and I-16s to
1812:. So, on 18 August 1940, Germans lost 77 aircraft and 163 flight personnel irretrievably lost due to British opposition, and on 15 September of the same year - 61 and 188, respectively. The first day of aggression against the Soviet Union cost the lives of 133 aircrew members
1805:
retreat) an even higher figure - 2,949. Thus, the Luftwaffe underestimated the number of destroyed Soviet aircraft. Another Western (non-German) source states that German losses amounted to 78 combat aircraft on June 22-24 against 3,922 completely destroyed Soviet aircraft.
1795:
Based on Soviet reports received from the frontier areas on 22 June (obviously, extremely incomplete due to the chaos, confusion and hasty retreat of the Soviet troops), Red Army Air Force headquarters concluded that at least 1,136 Soviet combat aircraft (including 10 from
1462:
overcame the problem by hand picking experienced crews, who would cross the border at high altitude, to swoop on their targets. The Germans deliberately targeted Soviet fighter air bases first, to knock out potential opposition to its bombers and dive bombers.
1687:
Independent analysis by Western (but non-German) researchers demonstrates that the German aces were very accurate in estimating the number of destroyed Soviet aircraft. Unlike the Germans, Soviet pilots exaggerated their victories by at least 4 times.
1619:
basic shelters for flight and technical personnel, the planes were crowded everywhere and were not camouflaged, the Luftwaffe acted very effectively and almost with impunity. The airfield of the Soviet 122nd Fighter Aviation Regiment near
1373:
will wage the war offensively with the goal of destroying the enemy and achieving victory with little bloodshed,” contributed to the emergence of boastfulness, arrogance, and clearly overestimated the capabilities of Soviet aviation".
1639:
often could not cope with the machines. German reports indicated that often MiG-3 pilots, fighting at low altitude, could not cope with piloting, went into a tailspin and crashed. The main burden of air battles fell on the veterans:
2199:
The Soviet Air Force in World War II : the official history / published by the Ministry of Defense of the USSR ; translated by Leland Fetzer ; edited by Ray Wagner,Newton Abbot : David and Charles, 1974, p.
2227:
Boog, Horst with Jürgen Förster, Joachim Hoffman, Ernst Klink, Rolf-Dieter Müller, and Gerd R. Ueberschär, Ewald Osers. Germany and the Second World War Volume IV: The Attack on the Soviet Union, Clarendon Press, 1998, p.
1548:
1614:
managed to deceive the vigilance of air target detection posts, sneaking up at an extremely low altitude, and burned 21 I-16s and 5 I-153s in a 40-minute attack. The regiment was defeated in less than an hour.
1664:
According to the well-known authors of several dozen books about the air war on the Eastern Front: "For Russian and German pilots the most terrible fate was to be captured. When a plane was shot down over the
1356:"What I heard exceeded all expectations: such a well-conceived and carefully prepared strike did not produce the expected results. I still don’t understand how this could have happened: the
1940:Д. Б. Хазанов «1941. Сталинские соколы против Люфтваффе», 2010, p. 97 calculated on basis German archives: BA/MA RL 2 III/1177 «Flugzeugunfaelle und Verluste bei den (fliegende) Verbaenden»
1627:
inactive during the first three days of the war. Many air regiment commanders assigned their subordinates tasks to conduct combat operations without coordination with higher headquarters.
1466:
The first attacks began at 03:00 on 22 June. The Soviets, caught by surprise, had their aircraft bunched together in neat rows which were vulnerable. The results proved devastating. At
1458:
proposal. Hitler gave the order for the air strikes on airfields to be carried out at dawn. Although many new German bomber crews had only limited training in instrument-flying, the
1360:
met us almost at the border "- that's what says chief of staff of the German air fleet at the Soviet military novel "The First Strike (The Tale of a Future War)". Published in the
2535:
1886:
Bergström, Christer and Mikhailov, Andrey. Black Cross Red Star: The Air War Over the Eastern Front Volume 1: Operation Barbarossa, 1941. Pacific Military History, 2000, pp. 22-24
47:
Soviet aircraft from the 15th Fighter Regiment of the 8th Mixed Air Division, destroyed by Luftwaffe strikes, abandoned in the southern part of the Kaunas airfield, 22 June 1941.
1674:
and getting captured was considered shameful and a betrayal. By order of Stalin, the families of those who were captured were repressed and deprived of food. The mortality rate
2181:
Statiev, Alexander. 'Antonescu's Eagles against Stalin's Falcons: The Romanian Air Force, 1920-1941', in The Journal of Military History, Volume 66, No. 4 (Oct. 2002), p. 1097.
1958:
Bergström, Christer and Mikhailov, Andrey. Black Cross Red Star: The Air War Over the Eastern Front Volume 1: Operation Barbarossa, 1941. Pacific Military History, 2000, p. 1
2419:
Stahel, David (2009). Operation Barbarossa and Germany's Defeat in the East. Cambridge Military Histories (reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press (published 2012). p. 301
2374:Д. Б. Хазанов «1941. Сталинские соколы против Люфтваффе», 2010, p. 97 calculated on basis BA/MA RL 2 III/1177 «Flugzeugunfaelle und Verluste bei den (fliegende) Verbaenden»
2308:
1378:
scientific institutes. The USSR had to purchase from Western countries, especially the USA and master the release of some licensed components and aviation materials.
430:
2550:
1391:
the optimal structure of the Air Force, the degree of centralization of control, the effectiveness of raids on enemy airfields, etc. This caused alarm among the
2540:
1877:Д. Б. Хазанов «1941. Сталинские соколы против Люфтваффе», 2010, p. 95 calculated on basis Soviet archives: ЦАМО РФ Ф. 35. Оп. 107559. Д. 6. Л. 4 – 6, 40 – 82
1392:
2045:
James J. Schneider, The Structure of Strategic Revolution: Total War and the Roots of the Soviet Warfare State. (Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1994), pp. 1–5
1529:
At the end of the day, German reports claimed 1,489 Soviet aircraft destroyed on the ground alone. At first, these statistics seemed barely credible. Even
1543:
1151:
1597:
German rear. The VVS recovered once surprise had worn off. The autumn weather also provided the Soviets with breathing space to partially rebuild.
1099:
1007:
1169:
1075:
1557:'s Romanian Air Corps. Ionescu lost four per cent of his strength on this date, the worst Romanian losses on a single day in the 1941 campaign.
1033:
1029:
423:
1847:
Nigel Askey, Operation Barbarossa: the Complete Organisational and Statistical Analysis, and Military Simulation, Volume IIA, 2013, p. 259
1402:
A significant part of the Soviet pilots had rich combat experience due to the Soviet Air Force having recently experienced соmbаt over
1218:
597:
1387:
Force (80–90% of future pilots were recruited from workers or peasants) also had a negative impact on the overall combat readiness.
1560:
757:
752:
416:
1831:
fighters, due to better tactics and pilots they were able to seize air superiority and inflict heavy losses on Soviet Air Forces.
467:
1997:"The Impact of 'Barbarossa' on the Soviet Air Force and the Resulting Commitment of United States Aircraft, June-October, 1941"
1808:
Commenting on the German losses on 22 June, the German historian J. Prien writes that such losses were not the highest for the
747:
2525:
1589:. Soviet statistics contained considerable exaggeration, claiming "more than 200 enemy aircraft" destroyed on the first day.
735:
1369:
written in the spirit of Stalinist slogans “The Red Army will respond with a triple blow to the blow of the warmongers” or “
1484:
1000:
592:
457:
1184:
848:
558:
462:
1533:
refused to believe the figures and had them secretly checked. In fact, German officers checking the airfields which the
2292:
1459:
1326:
fighter-bombers, 100% of night fighters, 20% of dive bombers, 37% of twin-engine bombers, 100% of four-engine bombers.
818:
2428:Пшеняник Г.А. Советские ВВС в борьбе с немецко-фашистской авиацией в летне-осенней кампании 1941 г.: М., 1961. p. 64.
823:
713:
614:
1290:
As of 21 June, the Luftwaffe had a total of 4,948 combat aircraft on all fronts. These included 1,454 single-engine
1815:
1201:
1086:
803:
798:
568:
1895:Д. Б. Хазанов, 2010, p. 95 calculated on basis Soviet archives: ЦАМО РФ Ф. 35. Оп. 107559. Д. 6. Л. 4 – 6, 40 – 82
1623:
was subjected to four raids by German bombers (in one case, fighter-bombers operated) without any fighter escort.
1044:
491:
2237:Кожевников М.Н. Командование и штаб ВВС Советской Армии в Великой Отечественной войне 1941–1945. М., 1985. p. 36.
993:
271:
2473:
Hardesty, Von (2012). Red Phoenix Rising: The Soviet Air Force in World War II. University Press of Kansas, p. 9
1949:
Hardesty, Von (2012). Red Phoenix Rising: The Soviet Air Force in World War II. University Press of Kansas, p. 9
874:
718:
2500:
Kirchubel, Robert (2013). Operation Barbarossa: The German Invasion of Soviet Russia, Osprey Publishing, p. 13
1504:
Soviet R-5 and I-15bis biplanes destroyed by Luftwaffe assault strikes at the Kaunas military airfield (USSR)
1093:
955:
945:
835:
587:
1125:
908:
663:
626:
531:
440:
30:
1996:
2108:
Leach, Barry. German strategy against Russia 1939–1941. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973, pp. 99, 129-130.
1454:
decided that that might give the opportunity for the Soviets to disperse their air units, and rejected
1451:
940:
902:
668:
1145:
1081:
1039:
935:
543:
511:
486:
1174:
854:
646:
1539:
1415:
1319:
1196:
1157:
913:
730:
692:
680:
563:
548:
305:
2264:
1941 год – опыт планирования и применения Военно-воздушных сил, уроки и выводы. М., 1989. p. 14
1574:
1431:
1275:
1271:
1110:
1059:
808:
781:
658:
501:
260:
2530:
1659:
1115:
786:
775:
526:
1682:
1789:
1611:
1472:
1365:
1130:
1017:
841:
723:
674:
480:
2455:Фронтовая иллюстрация 2000, №3, Операция Барбаросса. Воздушные сражения 1941 года, p. 46.
2190:
Hooton, E.R. Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe. Weidenfeld Military, 1997, p. 95.
1064:
506:
8:
1054:
918:
884:
829:
1349:
The Soviets were confident that in the event of war with Germany they would win an easy
2545:
2063:Фронтовая иллюстрация 2000, №3, Операция Барбаросса. Воздушные сражения 1941 года, p. 2
2012:
1649:
1570:
1500:
1488:
1426:
1279:
1140:
928:
889:
869:
864:
762:
537:
2288:
2016:
1606:
1396:
1379:
1251:
1191:
1162:
1120:
813:
641:
227:
155:
1530:
238:
205:
2008:
1645:
1515:
1446:, wanted to begin air attacks before the German artillery started firing. However,
1291:
1206:
1179:
1135:
1069:
1049:
967:
961:
950:
923:
859:
767:
620:
609:
582:
574:
553:
496:
1797:
1641:
1554:
1455:
1443:
1411:
972:
879:
741:
706:
631:
521:
216:
42:
2482:
Prien J. Einsatz des Jagdgeschwader 77 von 1939 bis 1945. Hamburg, 1993. p. 641
1666:
1653:
1636:
1523:
1492:
1295:
1278:, despite longstanding ideological differences and Soviet participation in the
1105:
685:
516:
282:
193:
144:
1922:
Christopher Shores, Luftwaffe fighter units Russia 1941-45, Osprey, 1978. P. 5
2519:
2020:
1339:
1335:
1299:
293:
249:
1564:
Soviet damaged I-16 fighters captured by the Germans at Riga airfield (USSR)
1819:
1785:
1675:
1553:, was prepared for the assault, losing only 23 aircraft on six airbases to
1447:
1346:, as a country that was continuously preparing to fight a large-scale war.
1343:
1311:
1307:
1303:
636:
300:
288:
277:
266:
255:
244:
233:
222:
211:
200:
188:
179:
170:
161:
150:
139:
124:
110:
75:
34:
2329:
Dmitry Degtev, Dmitry Zubov, Air battle for Moscow, 1941–1942, 2021, p. 23
1660:
Differences between the air war on the Eastern Front and the Western Front
1778:
1748:
Completely destroyed combat aircraft at air and on ground 22.06-31.12.41
1683:
Comparison of the reliability of Soviet/German claims of aerial victories
1592:
The balance of power in the air was altered for the next few months. The
1407:
1357:
1259:
985:
2072:Д. Б. Хазанов «1941. Сталинские соколы против Люфтваффе», 2010, p. 23
1809:
1782:
1593:
1578:
1361:
1263:
652:
2081:Хазанов Д.Б. Немецкие асы на Восточном фронте. Ч. 1. М., 2004. p. 12
1542:
was shot for the failure. Only the VVS Odessa, under the command of
1670:
1370:
1315:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1239:
2099:
The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 2019, Vol. 32, № 2, p. 292
1913:
Germany and the Second world war, Oxford, 1998, volume 4, p. 764
1476:
1403:
1350:
1212:
2090:Русский архив. Великая Отечественная, Volume 1, М., 1993, p. 357
408:
1586:
1582:
1510:
1480:
88:
The many times superior forces of Soviet aviation were defeated
1985:
Germany and the Second World War, 1998, volume 4, p. 763-766
1632:
1467:
2032:
2030:
1855:
1853:
1620:
1904:
access to Soviet archives is closed to Western researchers
1792:
the Luftwaffe inflicted carnage on the Soviet air force".
1302:
and fighter-bombers, 196 twin-engine fighter-bombers, 422
1254:
took part in air war 22 June 1941, with more 2,000 combat
2168:
2166:
2164:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2027:
1725:
Completely destroyed combat aircraft at air 22 June 1941
2536:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Germany
2491:
Germany and the Second World War,1998, volume 4, p. 764
2365:
Germany and the Second World War, 1998, volume 4, p. 764
1850:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
1600:
2161:
2129:
1605:
Among the experienced Soviet pilots who fought during
2341:
2158:
Bekker C., Angriffshoehe 4000, Hamburg, 1964, p. 279
1393:People's Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union
2283:Degtev, Dmitry; Zubov, Dmitry (2 February 2024).
2143:
2517:
1573:lost four Blenheims, two PZL P-37 fighters, two
2551:Aerial operations and battles involving Germany
1421:
1669:, the Luftwaffe crew were doomed to stay in a
1334:James J. Schneider has argued that from 1929,
1262:was estimated at 35:1 to 60:1 in favor of the
2541:Aerial operations and battles of World War II
1520:ВВС КА - Военно-воздушные силы Красной Армии
1329:
1001:
424:
1442:The Luftwaffe's Chief of the General Staff,
2338:Dmitry Degtev, Dmitry Zubov, 2021, p. 22-23
2282:
1652:. In many cases, undeveloped "MiG-3" and "
1008:
994:
431:
417:
41:
115:
1816:According to the official German history
1559:
1499:
1425:
1015:
2464:Фронтовая иллюстрация 2000, №3, p. 46.
1483:airfield, near the headquarters of the
1285:
2518:
1238:was the largest one-day air battle in
1995:Lukas, Richard C. (1 November 1966).
1994:
989:
412:
1656:" turned out to be useless ballast.
1601:Luftwaffe's tactics and pilot skills
385:Independent researchers' estimates:
371:Independent researchers' estimates:
13:
2013:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1966.tb01767.x
1242:history. The battle involved both
1236:German-Soviet Air War 22 June 1941
318:Soviet Western Military Districts
24:German-Soviet Air War 22 June 1941
14:
2562:
2287:. Pen & Sword Books Limited.
1274:cementing the Soviet Union as an
438:
1976:Christopher Shores, 1978, p. 3-6
1362:Soviet Military Publishing House
1065:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
507:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
378:Official German combat losses:
299:
287:
276:
265:
254:
243:
232:
221:
210:
199:
187:
178:
169:
160:
149:
138:
117:
103:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2332:
2323:
2301:
2285:Air Battle for Moscow 1941-1942
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2152:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1364:in 1939, tells, how the German
2509:Christopher Shores, 1978, p. 3
2437:Christopher Shores, 1978, p. 5
2218:Fetzer and Wagner 1974, p. 36.
2149:Christopher Shores, 1978. P. 5
1916:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1841:
16:One-day air battle during WWII
1:
2246:Кожевников М.Н., 1985. p. 36.
1834:
1353:by defeating the Luftwaffe.
2526:Eastern Front (World War II)
1485:10th Mixed Aviation Division
1422:Black day of Soviet aviation
7:
1270:resulting in the July 1941
10:
2567:
2446:Д. Б. Хазанов, 2010, p. 95
2273:Д. Б. Хазанов, 2010, p. 92
2255:Д. Б. Хазанов, 2010, p. 91
2054:Д. Б. Хазанов, 2010, p. 27
1825:
1788:: "In the opening days of
1471:fighter-bombers of JG 51.
1330:Soviet aviation on 21 June
2392:Begström 2007, p. 254-255
2126:Begström 2007, pp. 17-18.
2117:Begström 2007, pp. 14-16.
2036:Nigel Askey, 2013, p. 265
1967:Bergström 2000, pp. 29-42
1868:Nigel Askey, 2013, p. 258
1859:Nigel Askey, 2013, p. 259
1772:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1519:
1479:destroyed 50 aircraft at
1246:and airstrikes on Soviet
1030:German declaration of war
1027:
448:
350:
312:
131:
96:
51:
40:
28:
23:
345:single-engine fighters
1320:reconnaissance aircraft
306:Robert Ritter von Greim
2209:Bergström, 2000, p. 47
2172:Bergström 2007, p. 20.
2140:Bergström 2007, p. 19.
1931:Bergström, 2000, p. 47
1694:German-Soviet air war
1575:Savoia-Marchetti SM.79
1565:
1505:
1439:
1272:Anglo-Soviet Agreement
331:single-engine fighters
132:Commanders and leaders
59:22 June 1941
2410:Begström 2007, p. 252
2401:Begström 2007, p. 252
2383:Begström 2007, p. 253
1612:Messerschmitt Bf 109s
1563:
1503:
1473:Messerschmitt Bf 110s
1429:
1338:set out to create a "
398:Official German data:
364:Official Soviet data:
351:Casualties and losses
2356:Begström 2007, p. 47
1300:twin-engine fighters
1286:Luftwaffe on 21 June
1224:Air war 22 june 1941
1094:Advance on Leningrad
1019:Operation Barbarossa
1312:four-engine bombers
1308:twin-engine bombers
714:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh
615:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya
261:Hans-Jürgen Stumpff
1650:Polikarpov I-15bis
1571:Romanian Air Force
1566:
1506:
1489:Soviet Fourth Army
1440:
1280:Invasion of Poland
1087:Roslavl–Novozybkov
909:Western Carpathian
849:2nd Jassy–Kishinev
819:1st Jassy–Kishinev
804:Leningrad–Novgorod
799:Dnieper–Carpathian
1820:Second World War:
1770:
1769:
1720:Soviet confirmed
1711:German confirmed
1697:Germany's losses
1607:Spanish Civil War
1397:Semyon Timoshenko
1380:Materials science
1232:
1231:
983:
982:
407:
406:
272:W. von Richthofen
228:Albert Kesselring
156:Aleksandr Novikov
92:
91:
2558:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
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2366:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2025:
2024:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1848:
1845:
1691:
1690:
1646:Polikarpov I-153
1552:
1521:
1410:and against the
1250:. Around 14,000
1244:aerial dogfights
1202:Bombing of Gorky
1022:
1020:
1010:
1003:
996:
987:
986:
875:Petsamo–Kirkenes
753:Belgorod-Kharkov
719:Voronezh–Kharkov
443:
433:
426:
419:
410:
409:
360:combat aircraft
325:combat aircraft
308:
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109:
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1846:
1842:
1837:
1828:
1798:Black Sea Fleet
1775:
1734:35 or 55 or 57
1685:
1662:
1642:Polikarpov I-16
1603:
1555:Emanoil Ionescu
1546:
1544:Fyodor Michugin
1540:Sergey Chernykh
1444:Hans Jeschonnek
1424:
1412:Empire of Japan
1332:
1296:fighter-bombers
1288:
1258:destroyed. The
1252:combat aircraft
1233:
1228:
1045:Białystok–Minsk
1023:
1018:
1016:
1014:
984:
979:
973:Prague uprising
956:Bratislava–Brno
946:Moravia–Ostrava
836:Lvov–Sandomierz
664:Rzhev–Sychyovka
492:Białystok–Minsk
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217:Hans Jeschonnek
209:
208:
198:
186:
185:
184:Boris Pogrebov
177:
176:
168:
167:
166:Fyodor Michugin
159:
158:
148:
147:
137:
118:
116:
104:
102:
87:
86:German victory
78:
62:
60:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2564:
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2294:978-1526774460
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2151:
2142:
2128:
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2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2026:
1987:
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1718:
1715:
1714:German claims
1712:
1709:
1706:
1705:Soviet claims
1702:
1701:
1700:USSR's losses
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1695:
1684:
1681:
1661:
1658:
1654:Petlyakov Pe-2
1637:Yakovlev Yak-1
1602:
1599:
1531:Hermann Göring
1524:Pavel Zhigarev
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933:
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921:
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639:
634:
629:
627:Toropets–Kholm
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239:Alexander Löhr
206:Hermann Göring
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145:Pavel Zhigarev
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452:Naval warfare
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441:Eastern Front
434:
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375:
368:
359:
356:22 June: >
355:
354:
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317:
316:
311:
307:
302:
295:
294:Bruno Loerzer
290:
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279:
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268:
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257:
251:
250:Alfred Keller
246:
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229:
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218:
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207:
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197:
195:
190:
181:
175:Aleksey Ionov
172:
163:
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114:
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95:
85:
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81:
77:
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70:
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58:
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54:
50:
44:
39:
36:
32:
31:Eastern Front
27:
22:
19:
2531:World War II
2505:
2496:
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2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
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2397:
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2334:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2303:
2284:
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2251:
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2233:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2154:
2145:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2007:(1): 60–80.
2004:
2000:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1843:
1829:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1786:David Stahel
1776:
1686:
1663:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1604:
1591:
1567:
1534:
1528:
1509:
1507:
1493:
1465:
1456:Jeschonnek's
1441:
1435:
1430:A destroyed
1401:
1389:
1385:
1383:navigation.
1376:
1371:The Red Army
1355:
1348:
1344:Soviet Union
1333:
1324:
1304:dive bombers
1289:
1276:Allied Power
1268:
1235:
1234:
1223:
1219:Air war 1941
1211:
1163:
1150:
1098:
1074:
1032:
960:
941:Lake Balaton
929:
914:East Prussia
903:Vistula–Oder
901:
847:
840:
828:
774:
763:2nd Smolensk
740:
724:
707:
693:
686:
673:
651:
619:
598:Air war 1941
573:
536:
512:1st Smolensk
479:
468:Arctic Ocean
400:
391:
387:
380:
366:
357:
342:
336:
328:
322:
111:Soviet Union
97:Belligerents
76:Soviet Union
35:World War II
29:Part of the
18:
1779:New Zealand
1731:7:1 or 4:1
1547: [
1460:Luftflotten
1158:1st Kharkov
1146:Sea of Azov
736:Gorky Blitz
731:3rd Kharkov
647:2nd Kharkov
549:1st Kharkov
544:Sea of Azov
396:22-24 June
373:unavailable
362:22-24 June
2520:Categories
2315:3 February
1835:References
1790:Barbarossa
1436:Barbarossa
1408:Winter War
1395:, Marshal
1358:Bolsheviks
1318:, and 822
1260:loss ratio
1197:1st Rostov
1185:Sevastopol
1180:1st Crimea
1131:Petrikowka
1050:1st Baltic
860:2nd Baltic
855:Dukla Pass
842:Doppelkopf
814:2nd Crimea
758:2nd Donbas
748:1st Donbas
725:Polar Star
675:Stalingrad
559:Sevastopol
554:1st Crimea
497:1st Baltic
481:Barbarossa
458:Baltic Sea
341:including
327:including
63:1941-06-22
2546:Luftwaffe
2021:0018-2370
1810:Luftwaffe
1783:historian
1781:military
1594:Luftwaffe
1579:Potez 633
1535:Wehrmacht
1434:, during
1342:" in the
1316:seaplanes
1264:Luftwaffe
1141:Leningrad
1055:Raseiniai
885:Gumbinnen
830:Bagration
669:Sinyavino
653:Case Blue
538:Leningrad
463:Black Sea
394:aircraft
383:aircraft
2311:. Amazon
1671:POW camp
1585:and one
1487:and the
1450:and the
1306:, 1,503
1292:fighters
1256:aircraft
1248:airbases
1240:military
1116:1st Kiev
1082:Smolensk
930:Solstice
890:Budapest
880:Courland
870:Debrecen
865:Belgrade
787:2nd Kiev
659:Caucasus
632:Demyansk
593:Chechnya
527:1st Kiev
403:aircraft
376:22 June
313:Strength
71:Location
1826:Outcome
1818:of the
1766:15,840
1760:17,745
1516:Russian
1477:SKG 210
1438:, 1941.
1414:in the
1404:Finland
1351:victory
1213:Air war
1192:Tikhvin
1175:Bryansk
1164:Beowulf
1152:Phase 4
1126:Tallinn
1121:Lypovec
1100:Phase 3
1076:Phase 2
1070:Mogilev
1034:Phase 1
924:Breslau
919:Silesia
824:Karelia
776:Dnieper
642:Bamberg
583:Finland
532:Tallinn
320:Total:
125:Germany
61: (
2291:
2019:
1773:Losses
1763:1,1:1
1757:2,093
1751:7,888
1717:Ratio
1708:Ratio
1676:Soviet
1587:IAR 39
1583:IAR 37
1581:, one
1577:, one
1511:Stavka
1481:Kobryn
1448:Hitler
1366:attack
1314:, 244
1298:, 282
1207:Moscow
1136:Yelnya
1111:Odessa
968:Prague
962:Berlin
951:Vienna
768:Lenino
610:Lyuban
575:Moscow
564:Rostov
522:Odessa
334:Total:
323:10,451
122:
108:
83:Result
1633:MiG-3
1551:]
1494:taran
1468:Pinsk
1432:MiG 3
1310:, 25
1060:Brody
1040:Brest
809:Narva
782:Nevel
742:Kursk
708:Iskra
637:Kholm
621:Rzhev
588:Kerch
569:Gorky
502:Brody
487:Brest
367:3,922
358:2,000
337:3,297
329:5,460
2317:2024
2289:ISBN
2228:766.
2017:ISSN
1754:4:1
1743:336
1740:1:1
1737:322
1728:243
1635:and
1621:Lida
1508:The
1416:East
1294:and
1106:Uman
896:1945
793:1944
701:1943
687:Mars
604:1942
517:Uman
474:1941
56:Date
2200:35.
2009:doi
1522:),
1475:of
1452:OKW
1406:at
390:or
343:975
33:of
2522::
2343:^
2163:^
2131:^
2029:^
2015:.
2005:29
2003:.
1999:.
1852:^
1667:UK
1648:,
1644:,
1549:ru
1518::
1497:.
1418:.
1282:.
1266:.
401:78
392:57
388:55
381:35
2319:.
2297:.
2023:.
2011::
1009:e
1002:t
995:v
432:e
425:t
418:v
65:)
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