44:
294:
529:. Finally on September 4, 1223 Pope Honorius III confirmed the accord that had been drawn up between the prince and the church of Achaea. According to the treaty, Geoffrey I restored the church lands, but he kept the treasures and furnishings of the churches in exchange for an annual indemnity and the number of Greek priests enjoying liberty and immunity was also to be limited in proportion to the size of the community.
185:
444:
475:, where Theodore Komnenos Doukas had stored the treasure of the Church of Corinth, likewise fell into the hands of Geoffrey I and Otto I. When Albertino and Rolandino of Canossa, the lords of Thebes had left their town, the lordship of Thebes was divided equally between Geoffrey I and the lord of Athens.
420:
narrates that
Geoffrey only became prince of Achaea some time later, because the late William I’s nephew, Robert had a year and a day to travel to the Peloponnese and claim his inheritance. According to the story, all sorts of ruses were used to cause delays in Robert’s trip east, and when he finally
478:
Geoffrey I sent to France, mainly to
Champagne, for young knights to occupy the newly conquered lands and the fiefs of those who had returned to the west. Under Geoffrey I the assignment of fiefs and the obligations which went with them were reviewed before the barons assembled in a great parliament
521:
who was travelling through the
Peloponnese in 1218 excommunicated Geoffrey I because of the prince's contumacious retention of certain abbeys, churches, rural parishes, and ecclesiastical goods. Upon the request of the local high clergy, the pope confirmed Geoffrey I's excommunication on 21 January
532:
In the meantime, Theodore
Komnenos Doukas, now ruler of Epirus (1215–1224), had attacked the kingdom of Thessalonica and laid siege the kingdom's capital. William I, despite the urgent appeals of the pope, did not appear to have assisted the threatened city that finally surrendered near the end of
486:
reports that when the churches refused to provide their fair share of military aid, Geoffrey I seized their property and devoted the income from it to the construction of the powerful castle of
Clermont. Furthermore, Geoffrey I was also accused of treating the Greek priests as serfs because their
1131:
Bratu, Cristian. “Clerc, Chevalier, Aucteur: The
Authorial Personae of French Medieval Historians from the 12th to the 15th centuries.” In Authority and Gender in Medieval and Renaissance Chronicles. Juliana Dresvina and Nicholas Sparks, eds. (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing,
506:(1216–1227) declared that the patriarch was to relax the sentence within a week after the receipt of the papal letter. Then the patriarch sent out a legate who laid a new interdict upon the Principality of Achaea. But his act was again qualified by the pope as usurpation of the power of the
421:
arrived in the
Peloponnese Geoffrey kept moving from place to place with the leading knights until the time had elapsed. Geoffrey then held an assembly that declared that the heir had forfeited his rights and elected Geoffrey hereditary prince of Achaea.
391:
in order to claim an inheritance his brother had left to him. William I appointed
Geoffrey to administer the principality as bailiff until the prince’s nephew, Hugh should arrive. However, both the first prince of Achaea and his nephew died very shortly.
250:
Geoffrey was the eldest son of John of
Villehardouin and his wife, CĂ©line of Briel. He married one Elisabeth, traditionally identified with Elisabeth of Chappes, a scion of a fellow crusader family, an identification rejected by Longnon.
318:(now Nafplion, Greece). He determined to seek aid and rode up early in 1205 to join the king. He was well received by Boniface I who would have retained Geoffrey in his service. But in the camp at Nauplia, Geoffrey found his good friend
487:
numbers had considerably increased, since the Greek prelates showed no hesitation in conferring orders on peasants to permit them to escape the burdens of serfdom. These events resulted in a prolonged conflict with the church.
309:
to conquer as much of the western
Peloponnese as they could. Almost immediately afterward, however, the Greek died, and his son broke off the alliance. It was at this point that Geoffrey learned of the appearance of King
360:
in northeast Messenia. Then the crusaders completed the conquest of the region and advanced into the interior of the country, occupying the entire peninsula with the exception of Arcadia and Laconia.
1570:
479:
at Andravida. Thus a dozen or so great baronies came into being in the principality, and those who received the titles to them made up with their many vassals the High Court of Achaea.
363:
William of Champlitte thus became master of the Peloponnese with the title prince of Achaea (1205–1209) under the suzerainty of the king of Thessalonica. Geoffrey received
1575:
407:
to assure the emperor of his loyalty. The emperor confirmed Geoffrey as prince of Achaea and made him immediate imperial vassal. Moreover, Henry I also appointed Geoffrey
482:
At the time of the conquest much ecclesiastical property had been secularized and, despite the demands of the clergy, this had not been returned to the churches. The
471:, brother of Michael I of Epirus had resisted the attacks of the crusaders. In the months that followed, Nauplia was also taken, and early in 1212 the stronghold of
322:
and offered to the latter to share the conquest of the Peloponnese. His friend accepted the offer and the two also received royal permission for their expedition.
1057:
995:
333:
opened its gates. The people of the countryside came to make their submission and were confirmed in their property and local customs. Only in Arcadia (now
1219:
1555:
357:
277:, he decided to sail west in the summer of 1204. But the weather became bad, and adverse winds drove him westward. He landed at
536:
Geoffrey died sometime between 1228 and 1230 at the age of about sixty. He was buried in the Church of St James in Andravida.
242:. He extended the borders of his principality, but the closing years of his rule were marked by his conflict with the church.
1025:
1358:
375:
to the important way stations along the sea route to Constantinople. Thus the Venetians armed a fleet which took Modon and
1378:
1480:
1475:
311:
1470:
1465:
1348:
1115:
1079:
1046:
491:
525:
The conflict lasted some five years, until 1223 when Geoffrey I decided to negotiate and sent one of his knights to
1550:
1212:
1501:
396:
325:
They set out with 100 knights and 400 mounted men-at-arms upon their campaign in the spring of 1205. They took
267:
239:
432:, whereby he acknowledged himself to be the vassal of the Republic of Venice for all the lands extending from
1560:
1540:
1367:
1274:
518:
142:
79:
43:
1322:
1279:
148:
1565:
1205:
997:
La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe
440:(now Pylos, Greece). Geoffrey I also gave Venice the right to free trade throughout his principality.
1353:
1305:
1189:
1032:
349:
255:
1074:(Second ed.). Madison, Milwaukee, and London: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 234–275.
1002:
The Frankish Morea. Historical, Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea
468:
1038:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
371:
proceeded to make good her claims that the leaders of the Fourth Crusade had guaranteed it by the
1419:
1175:
976:
416:
235:
145:
379:(Koroni) in 1206, but William of Champlitte compensated Geoffrey by assigning Arcadia to him.
1545:
1409:
1388:
1343:
1253:
1168:
348:
tribe. The resistance was soon joined by a certain Michael, identified by many scholars with
319:
69:
1496:
1327:
1317:
1300:
1069:
522:
1219. The pope even declared Geoffrey I to be an enemy of God “more inhuman than Pharaoh”.
8:
1455:
1393:
353:
212:
1107:
The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries
1460:
1372:
1332:
1311:
1295:
981:
472:
425:
368:
1521:
1414:
1338:
1111:
1075:
1042:
1021:
1005:
503:
400:
372:
356:. Michael advanced into the Peloponnese with 5,000 men, but the little crusader army
337:) were the crusaders resisted. This opposition was led by landlords from Arcadia and
278:
137:
259:
1228:
1065:
452:
451:
Afterward Geoffrey I devoted himself to enlarging his possessions. With the aid of
224:
34:
1105:
1094:
A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
1089:
1036:
495:
456:
293:
196:
1101:
1061:
971:
342:
216:
1534:
1450:
1383:
1009:
262:
in late November 1199. Geoffrey was among the crusaders who went directly to
160:
514:
502:
upon Achaea. Upon the request of Geoffrey I, however, on 11 February 1217
464:
460:
220:
1136:
334:
1147:
285:) in the southern Peloponnese where he spent the winter of 1204–1205.
499:
429:
408:
404:
330:
121:
1197:
1071:
A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311
507:
364:
345:
306:
274:
268:
the occupation of Constantinople by the crusaders on 13 April 1204
258:, the future chronicler of the Fourth Crusade, at a tournament of
433:
338:
315:
184:
155:
388:
376:
326:
302:
282:
437:
263:
526:
443:
1571:
Burials at the Church and Hospice of St. James (Andravida)
459:(1204–1225), he seized, in 1209 or 1210, the fortress of
367:
and Messenia as a fief from the new prince. However, the
1041:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
1018:
The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300
245:
1110:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.
808:
806:
341:, particularly the Chamaretos family, allied to the
273:
But hearing of the capture of the great city on the
1576:
13th-century people from the Principality of Achaea
424:Nevertheless, already in June 1209 Geoffrey made a
301:At Modon, Geoffrey entered into an alliance with a
803:
1532:
1143:, Vol. 7, No. 4. (Oct., 1932), pp. 477–499.
561:
559:
557:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
855:
853:
851:
760:
758:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
288:
1213:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
609:
607:
605:
603:
937:
935:
933:
923:
921:
867:
865:
820:
818:
593:
591:
554:
447:The medieval castle on Larissa Hill in Argos
24:
874:
848:
755:
694:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
1516:1383–1396: purely nominal control, Achaea
1220:
1206:
1058:"The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311"
841:
839:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
748:
746:
744:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
616:
600:
352:(1204–1215) who was then creating his own
42:
930:
918:
862:
815:
714:
387:In 1208 William I of Achaea departed for
219:. He participated in the conquest of the
1096:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1088:
568:
442:
292:
183:
1055:
836:
767:
741:
674:
1533:
1100:
1004:] (in French). Paris: De Boccard.
1227:
1201:
1031:
1020:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
494:, Gervasius promulgated a decree of
1154:, Vol. 4. (1883), pp. 165–236.
993:
211:1229) was a French knight from the
13:
1125:
395:In May 1209, Geoffrey went to the
382:
297:The Peloponnese in the Middle Ages
254:He took the cross with his uncle,
246:Early years and the Fourth Crusade
14:
1587:
492:Latin Patriarch of Constantinople
314:(1204–1207) with his army before
1556:Christians of the Fourth Crusade
238:became the direct vassal of the
1152:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
953:
944:
909:
900:
827:
794:
785:
732:
723:
660:Les compagnons de Villehardouin
498:against Geoffrey I and laid an
1148:The Franks in the Peloponnese.
665:
652:
643:
634:
545:
240:Latin Empire of Constantinople
1:
987:
329:and Pondikos by assault, and
266:. Thus he was not present at
1016:Evergates, Theodore (2007).
539:
403:(1206–1216) had convoked at
7:
1137:Corinth in the Middle Ages.
1068:; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.).
965:
289:Conquest of the Peloponnese
201:Geoffroi I de Villehardouin
193:Geoffrey I of Villehardouin
10:
1592:
640:Longnon 1969, pp. 240-241.
358:defeated him at Kountouras
312:Boniface I of Thessalonica
1514:
1489:
1443:
1432:
1402:
1288:
1262:
1246:
1235:
1186:
1173:
1165:
1160:
671:Setton 1976, pp. 12., 24.
350:Michael I Komnenos Doukas
256:Geoffrey of Villehardouin
174:
166:
154:
136:
128:
115:
100:
85:
75:
65:
53:
41:
32:
21:
1289:Angevin (various houses)
469:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
373:partition treaty of 1204
1551:Medieval French knights
1056:Longnon, Jean (1969) .
950:Setton 1976, pp. 47-48.
800:Setton 1976, pp. 33-34.
738:Fine 1994, pp. 70, 614.
649:Evergates 2007, p. 263.
565:Evergates 2007, p. 246.
426:pact with the Venetians
399:that the Latin Emperor
397:Parliament of Ravennika
305:archon (nobleman) from
188:Seal of wife Elisabeth.
132:Elisabeth (of Chappes?)
977:Principality of Achaea
551:Runciman 1951, p. 126.
484:Chronicle of the Morea
448:
417:Chronicle of the Morea
354:principality in Epiros
298:
236:Principality of Achaea
223:and became the second
200:
189:
25:
994:Bon, Antoine (1969).
897:Longnon 1969, p. 241.
859:Longnon 1969, p. 240.
833:Fine 1994, pp. 71-72.
764:Longnon 1969, p. 238.
729:Fine 1994, pp. 69-70.
711:Longnon 1969, p. 237.
631:Longnon 1969, p. 239.
613:Longnon 1969, p. 242.
446:
411:of the Latin Empire.
320:William of Champlitte
296:
234:Under his reign, the
187:
170:John of Villehardouin
1561:Villehardouin family
1135:Finley Jr, John H. "
1033:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
436:to the roadstead of
120:Church of St James,
1541:12th-century births
959:Setton 1976, p. 51.
941:Setton 1976, p. 47.
927:Setton 1976, p. 46.
915:Setton 1976, p. 31.
906:Setton 1976, p. 30.
871:Setton 1976, p. 36.
824:Setton 1976, p. 34.
791:Setton 1976, p. 33.
720:Setton 1976, p. 25.
597:Setton 1976, p. 24.
213:County of Champagne
1180:1209/1210 –
1102:Setton, Kenneth M.
1062:Setton, Kenneth M.
982:Chronicle of Morea
812:Fine 1994, p. 614.
449:
369:Republic of Venice
299:
190:
48:Seal of Geoffrey I
1566:Princes of Achaea
1528:
1527:
1522:Navarrese Company
1510:
1509:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1403:Navarrese-Genoese
1240:
1229:Princes of Achaea
1196:
1195:
1187:Succeeded by
1066:Wolff, Robert Lee
1026:978-0-8122-4019-1
845:Fine 1994, p. 72.
782:Fine 1994, p. 71.
752:Fine 1994, p. 70.
691:Fine 1994, p. 69.
504:Pope Honorius III
428:on the island of
182:
181:
1583:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1176:Prince of Achaea
1166:Preceded by
1158:
1157:
1121:
1097:
1090:Runciman, Steven
1085:
1052:
1013:
960:
957:
951:
948:
942:
939:
928:
925:
916:
913:
907:
904:
898:
895:
872:
869:
860:
857:
846:
843:
834:
831:
825:
822:
813:
810:
801:
798:
792:
789:
783:
780:
765:
762:
753:
750:
739:
736:
730:
727:
721:
718:
712:
709:
692:
689:
672:
669:
663:
656:
650:
647:
641:
638:
632:
629:
614:
611:
598:
595:
566:
563:
552:
549:
519:Giovanni Colonna
225:prince of Achaea
46:
35:Prince of Achaea
28:
19:
18:
16:Prince of Achaea
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1506:
1502:Maria Maddalena
1485:
1434:
1433:Titular princes
1424:
1398:
1284:
1258:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1192:
1179:
1171:
1132:2012): 231-259.
1128:
1126:Further reading
1118:
1082:
1049:
990:
968:
963:
958:
954:
949:
945:
940:
931:
926:
919:
914:
910:
905:
901:
896:
875:
870:
863:
858:
849:
844:
837:
832:
828:
823:
816:
811:
804:
799:
795:
790:
786:
781:
768:
763:
756:
751:
742:
737:
733:
728:
724:
719:
715:
710:
695:
690:
675:
670:
666:
657:
653:
648:
644:
639:
635:
630:
617:
612:
601:
596:
569:
564:
555:
550:
546:
542:
496:excommunication
385:
383:Reign in Achaea
291:
248:
215:who joined the
178:CĂ©line of Briel
124:
108:
93:
49:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1589:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1490:Capece Galeota
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1370:
1365:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1236:Ruling princes
1233:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1161:Regnal titles
1156:
1155:
1146:Tozer, H. F. "
1144:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1098:
1086:
1080:
1053:
1047:
1029:
1014:
989:
986:
985:
984:
979:
974:
972:Fourth Crusade
967:
964:
962:
961:
952:
943:
929:
917:
908:
899:
873:
861:
847:
835:
826:
814:
802:
793:
784:
766:
754:
740:
731:
722:
713:
693:
673:
664:
658:Jean Longnon,
651:
642:
633:
615:
599:
567:
553:
543:
541:
538:
457:lord of Athens
384:
381:
290:
287:
281:(now Methoni,
260:Écry-sur-Aisne
247:
244:
217:Fourth Crusade
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
140:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
119:
117:
113:
112:
102:
98:
97:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1588:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:Carlo Antonio
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1431:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:Villehardouin
1261:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1119:
1117:0-87169-114-0
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1081:0-299-04844-6
1077:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1048:0-472-08260-4
1044:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:
992:
991:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
956:
947:
938:
936:
934:
924:
922:
912:
903:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
868:
866:
856:
854:
852:
842:
840:
830:
821:
819:
809:
807:
797:
788:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
761:
759:
749:
747:
745:
735:
726:
717:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
668:
662:(1978), p. 36
661:
655:
646:
637:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
610:
608:
606:
604:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
562:
560:
558:
548:
544:
537:
534:
530:
528:
523:
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
485:
480:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
419:
418:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
304:
295:
286:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
243:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
161:Villehardouin
159:
157:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
114:
111:
106:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
37:
36:
31:
27:
20:
1546:1220s deaths
1517:
1375:
1361:
1335:
1314:
1308:
1269:
1181:
1174:
1151:
1140:
1106:
1093:
1070:
1037:
1017:
1001:
996:
955:
946:
911:
902:
829:
796:
787:
734:
725:
716:
667:
659:
654:
645:
636:
547:
535:
531:
524:
515:papal legate
512:
489:
483:
481:
477:
463:where first
450:
423:
415:
413:
394:
386:
362:
324:
300:
272:
253:
249:
233:
228:
208:
204:
192:
191:
109:
104:
94:
89:
58:
33:
1436:(1642–1933)
1389:Charles III
1275:Geoffrey II
1239:(1205–1432)
1190:Geoffrey II
467:, and then
465:Leo Sgouros
461:Acrocorinth
227:(1209/1210–
221:Peloponnese
143:Geoffrey II
80:Geoffrey II
66:Predecessor
1535:Categories
1520:under the
1420:Centurione
1368:Philip III
1301:Charles II
1280:William II
1270:Geoffrey I
1247:Champlitte
988:References
490:First the
335:Kyparissia
149:William II
57:1209/1210–
26:Geoffroi I
22:Geoffrey I
1476:Francesco
1394:Ladislaus
1349:Catherine
1328:Ferdinand
1323:Philip II
1296:Charles I
1254:William I
1169:William I
1035:(1994) .
1010:869621129
540:Footnotes
517:Cardinal
513:Next the
500:interdict
430:Sapientza
409:seneschal
405:Ravennika
331:Andravida
122:Andravida
76:Successor
70:William I
1518:de facto
1466:Restaino
1461:Leonardo
1415:Maria II
1318:Philip I
1306:Isabella
1141:Speculum
1104:(1976).
1092:(1954).
966:See also
508:Holy See
438:Navarino
365:Kalamata
346:Melingoi
307:Messenia
275:Bosporus
1451:Antonio
1359:Maria I
1333:Matilda
1312:Florent
434:Corinth
401:Henry I
339:Laconia
316:Nauplia
231:1229).
207:1169 –
156:Dynasty
110:Unknown
95:Unknown
1373:Joanna
1354:Robert
1114:
1078:
1045:
1024:
1008:
533:1224.
455:, the
453:Otto I
389:France
343:Slavic
327:Patras
283:Greece
197:French
175:Mother
167:Father
129:Spouse
116:Burial
1497:Carlo
1481:Carlo
1471:Carlo
1444:Tocco
1410:Peter
1384:James
1339:Louis
1184:1229
1060:. In
1000:[
473:Argos
377:Coron
303:Greek
279:Modon
264:Syria
138:Issue
54:Reign
1379:Otto
1376:with
1364:Hugh
1362:with
1344:John
1336:with
1309:with
1112:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1022:ISBN
1006:OCLC
527:Rome
414:The
146:Alix
107:1229
101:Died
92:1169
86:Born
61:1229
1315:and
203:) (
1537::
1182:c.
1150:"
1139:"
1064:;
932:^
920:^
876:^
864:^
850:^
838:^
817:^
805:^
769:^
757:^
743:^
696:^
676:^
618:^
602:^
570:^
556:^
510:.
270:.
229:c.
209:c.
205:c.
199::
105:c.
90:c.
59:c.
1221:e
1214:t
1207:v
1120:.
1084:.
1051:.
1028:.
1012:.
195:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
