General Government

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protested the new rationing of food, Germany and the UK, where the citizens supported war efforts were more supportive of the rationing therefore it was more effective. Cases, where a country was being occupied, caused the citizens to be more hesitant about the rationing of food and it was overall not as effective. In December, 1941 it was recognized by the Generalgouvernement that starving the Jewish people to death was an inexpensive and expedient solution. In August 1942, the required food shipments from the General Government to the Reich were increased and decided that the 1.2 million Jews that were not completing jobs that were "important to Germany" would no longer be given food. The Nazis knew the effects of depriving the Jewish people of food, yet it continued; the ultimate revolt against the Jewish race was mass murder due to starvation. The Food and Agriculture Ministry administered the rations of food in concentration camps. Each camp's administration got food from the open market and depots of the

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by the Generalgouvernement from 1939 to 1940. For example, in 1939, seven million tons of coal were used but in 1940 this was reduced to four million tons of coal used by the Generalgouvernement. This shift was emblematic of the shortages in supplies, depriving the Jews and Poles of their only heating source. Although before the war, Poland exported mass quantities of food, in 1940 the Generalgouvernement was unable to supply enough food for the country, nonetheless exporting food supplies. In December 1939, the Polish and Jewish reception committees, as well as the native local officials, all within the Generalgouvernement, were responsible for providing food and shelter to the Poles and Jews that evacuated. In the expulsion process, the help provided to the evacuated Poles and Jews by the Generalgouvernement was considered a weak branch of the overall process. Throughout 1939, the

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remain in these ghettos they would eventually die of hunger. Many people that were in ghettos made trades with the outside world in order to stay alive. Jewish people were forced to reside in ghettos, where the economy was isolated and there were large food shortages, which caused them to be seen as a source for cheap labor; many were given food that was purchased on the Aryan side of the wall in exchange for their labor. The isolation of the people forced into ghettos caused there to be a disconnect between the buyer and seller, which added in another player: the black market middleman. The black market middleman would make a profit by creating connections between sellers and buyers. While supply and demand was

3736: 96: 3881: 3406: 1238: 405: 82: 2430: 3846: 452: 2238: 3799: 5935: 113: 923: 2222: 3897: 2573: 3192: 3524: 1111: 3280: 3249:(Standartenführer Tschentscher). Once the food arrived at a camp, it was up to the administration how to distribute it. The diet for the Jews in these camps was "watery turnip soup drunk from pots; it was supplemented by an evening meal of sawdust bread with some margarine, ‘smelly marmalade,’ or ‘putrid sausage.’ Between the two meals inmates attempted to lap a few drops of polluted water from the faucet in a wash barracks." 1146:." By 1942 Hitler and Frank had agreed that the Kraków ("with its purely German capital") and Lublin districts would be the first areas for German colonists to re-populate. Hitler stated: "When these two weak points have been strengthened, it should be possible to slowly drive back the Poles." Peculiar about these statements is the circumstance that there were not enough German settlers to even make the 3358: 1727:

from Soviet-controlled territories. These committees also undertook cultural and economic activities that had been banned by the previous Polish government. Schools, choirs, reading societies and theaters were opened, and twenty Ukrainian churches that had been closed by the Polish government reopened. By March 1941, there were 808 Ukrainian educational societies with 46,000 members.

3563:". From his own point of view, as an administrative official, the problems in his district included an overdeveloped black market. He endorsed a remedy in solving the "Jewish question" as fast as possible. An additional point in favor of setting up the extermination facilities in his governorate was that there were no transportation problems there, since all assets of the disbanded 2997:, who for financial reasons wanted to see the five existing districts (Warsaw, Kraków, Radom, Lublin, and Galicia) reduced to three. In March 1943 he announced the merger of the Kraków and Galicia districts, and the split of the Warsaw district between the Radom district and the Lublin district. (The latter acquired a special status of "Germandom district", 2569:). Following a decree on September 15, 1941, the names of most of the major cities (and their respective counties) were renamed based on historical German data or given germanified versions of their Polish and Soviet names if none existed. At times the previous names remained the same as well (i.e. Radom). The districts and counties were as follows: 3236:; setting prices at a reasonable rate would ensure that farmers did not sell their crops illegally. If the prices were set too high in cities there was a concern that workers would not be able to afford the food and protest the prices. Due to the price inflation which was occurring in the Generalgouvernement, many places relied on the 1163:

The Führer must emphasize once again that for Poles there is only one master and he is a German, there can be no two masters beside each other and there is no consent to such, hence all representatives of the Polish intelligentsia are to be killed ... The General Government is a Polish reservation, a great Polish labor camp. —

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were now responsible for these deportees. During the deportations, people were forced to reside on the trains for days until a place was found for them to stay. Between the cold and lack of food, masses of deportees died due to transport deaths caused by malnutrition, cold, and moreover unlivable transportation conditions.

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were resettled into the General Government after they were expelled from the territories 'annexed' by Nazi Germany. Offsetting this was the German genocidal campaign of liquidation of the Polish intelligentsia and other elements considered likely to resist. From 1941 disease and hunger also began to reduce the population.

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While scholars debate whether from September 1939 to June 1941 the mass-starvation of the Jewish people of Europe was an attempt to conduct mass murder, it is agreed upon that this starvation did kill a large amount of this population. There was a shift in the amount of resources that were being used

3035:

The General Government was inhabited by 11.4 million people in December 1939. A year later the population increased to 12.1 million. In December 1940, 83.3% of the population were Poles, 11.2% Jews, 4.4% Ukrainians and Belarusians, 0.9% Germans, and 0.2% others. About 860,000 Poles and Jews

1779:

Other than summary German military tribunals, no courts operated in Poland between the German invasion and early 1940. At that time, the Polish court system was reinstated and made decisions in cases not concerning German interests, for which a parallel German court-system was established. The German

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Overall, 4 million of the 1939 population of the General Government area had lost their lives by the time the Soviet armed forces entered the area in late 1944. If the Polish underground killed a German, 50–100 Poles were executed by German police as a punishment and as a warning to other Poles.

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signed on 23 August 1939 had promised the vast territory between the Vistula and Bug rivers to the Soviet "sphere of influence" in divided Poland, while the two powers would have jointly ruled Warsaw. To settle the deviation from the original agreement, the German and Soviet representatives met again

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was responsible for many of the other important tasks including the deportations of Poles and Jews to concentration camps as well as the delivery of food and raw materials to different places. In December 1940, 87,833 Poles and Jews were deported which added stress to different administrations which

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The General Government is our work force reservoir for lowgrade work (brick plants, road building, etc.) ... Unconditionally, attention should be paid to the fact that there can be no "Polish masters"; where there are Polish masters, and I do not care how hard this sounds, they must be killed. (...)

3164:

After the invasion of Poland in 1939, Jews over the age of 12 and Poles over the age of 14 living in the General Government were subject to forced labor. Many Poles from other regions of Poland conquered by Germany were expelled to the General Government and the area was used as a slave labour pool

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No government protectorate is anticipated for Poland, but a complete German administration. (...) Leadership layer of the population in Poland should be as far as possible, disposed of. The other lower layers of the population will receive no special schools, but are to be oppressed in some form. —

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large parts of western pre-war Poland (8 October 1939) before the establishment of the General Government (26 October 1939), and the remaining region was also intended to be directly incorporated into the German Reich at some future date. The Nazi leadership discussed numerous initiatives with this

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was important both in and outside of the ghettos from 1940 to 1944. Outside of the ghettos, the black market existed because rations were not high enough for the citizens to remain healthy. In the ghettos of eastern Europe in August 1941 the Jewish population recognized that if they were forced to

1726:

and Poles off against each other. Within ethnic Ukrainian areas annexed by Germany, beginning in October 1939, Ukrainian Committees were established with the purpose of representing the Ukrainian community to the German authorities and assisting the approximately 30,000 Ukrainian refugees who fled

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of Reichsgau Wartheland argued that the counties of Tomaschow Mazowiecki and Petrikau should be transferred from the General Government's Radom district to his Gau. Hitler agreed, but since Frank refused to surrender the counties, the resolution of the border question was postponed until after the

3445:

promises of help. However Soviet help was never forthcoming, despite the Soviet army being only 18 miles (30 km) away, and Soviet denial of their airbases to British and American planes prevented any effective resupply or air support of the insurgents by the Western allies. They used distant

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insisted that ‘everyone must assume their share of common hardship.’" There was clearly food instability not only in the ghettos, but also in cities, which caused everyone to be conscious about food rationing, and caused conditions for Jewish people to worsen. While workers in Norway and France

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Poles were also deported in large numbers to work as forced labor in Germany: eventually about a million were deported, of whom many died in Germany. In 1940 the population was segregated into different groups. Each group had different rights, food rations, allowed strips in the cities, public

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for security reasons. The official state language was German, although Polish continued in use by local government. Useful institutions of the old Polish state were retained for ease of administration. The Polish police, with no high-ranking Polish officers (they were arrested or demoted), was

2025:

German administration constructed a terror system to control Polish people enforcing reports of any illegal activities, e.g. hiding Roma, POWs, guerilla fighters, Jews. Germans designated hostages, terrorised local leaders, applied collective responsibility. German police used

591:

The basis for the formation of the General Government was the "Annexation Decree on the Administration of the Occupied Polish Territories". Announced by Hitler on October 8, 1939, it claimed that the Polish government had totally collapsed. This rationale was utilized by the

3212:, their dwelling and businesses were confiscated by the Germans, small businesses were sometimes passed to the Poles. Farmers were required to provide large food contingents for the Germans, and there were plans for nationalization of all but the smallest estates. 1337:, arguing that only this method could guarantee the territory's Germanization, while also claiming that Germany could economically exploit the area more effectively, particularly as a source of food. He suggested separating the "more restful" population of the 3610:

would be a major step in the systematic liquidation of the Jews in occupied Europe, beginning with those in the General Government. Within months, three top-secret camps were built and equipped with stationary gas chambers disguised as shower rooms, based on

3199:

Former Polish state property was confiscated by the General Government (or by Nazi Germany in the annexed territories). Notable property of Polish individuals (ex. factories and large land estates) was often confiscated as well and managed by German "trusts"

1673:. The territories it administered were never either in whole or part intended as any future Polish state within a German-dominated Europe. According to the Nazi government the Polish state had effectively ceased to exist, in spite of the existence of a 2440:

Germans killed thousands of Poles, many of them civilian hostages, in Warsaw streets and locations around Warsaw (Warsaw ring), to terrorize the population – they shot or hanged them. The executions were ordered mainly by Austrian Nazi

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that could serve as a bargaining chip with the Western powers. The Germans established a closed border between the two German zones to heighten the difficulty of cross-frontier communication between the different segments of the Polish population.

1064:. During his trial he resumed his childhood practice of Catholicism and expressed repentance. Frank surrendered forty volumes of his diaries to the Tribunal; much evidence against him and others was gathered from them. He was found guilty of 4733: 3751: 3845: 1621:

was the Deputy General-Governor. After his departure, Bühler served as Frank's deputy through January 1945. Several other individuals had powers to issue legislative decrees in addition to the General-Governor, most notably the Higher

1036:(General Government) by Frank's decree of July 31, 1940. However, this name did not imply anything about the actual nature of the administration. The German authorities never regarded these Polish lands (apart from the short period of 1748:

Ukrainian organizations within the General Government were able to negotiate the release of 85,000 Ukrainian prisoners of war from the German-Polish conflict (although they were unable to help Soviet POWs of Ukrainian ethnicity).

5995: 2336:(The German Weekly Review) preceded feature-film showings. Some feature films likewise contained Nazi propaganda. The Polish underground discouraged Poles from attending movies, advising them, in the words of the rhymed couplet, 3864: 3432:

In July 1944, as the Soviet armed forces approached Warsaw, the government in exile called for an uprising in the city, so that they could return to a liberated Warsaw and try to prevent a Communist take-over. The AK, led by

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The administration of the General Government was composed entirely of German officials, with the intent that the area was to be colonized by Germanic settlers who would reduce the local Polish population to the level of

7159: 4941: 1715:. The Polish educational system was similarly retained, but most higher institutions were closed. The Polish local administration was kept, subordinated to new German bosses. The Polish fiscal system, including the 3180:) were destroyed during the Polish-German war in September 1939. Poles weren't able to buy any construction materials to reconstruct their houses or businesses. They lost their savings and GG currency, nicknamed " 6598: 6623: 5988: 3735: 3707: 1745:. It was "the leading legal newspaper" of the General Government and "attracted more (and better) contributors among whom were the most prominent Ukrainian cultural figures of the (early) 20th century." 1730:

A Ukrainian publishing house and periodical press was set up in Cracow, which – despite having to struggle with German censors and paper shortages – succeeded in publishing school textbooks, classics of

6628: 6608: 919:, which had originally fallen within the ambit of Germany. With the new agreement the entire central part of Poland, including the core ethnic area of the Poles, came under exclusively German control. 4722: 1382:(governor of Warsaw from 1939 to 1945) opposed the proposed administrative streamlining resulting from these discussions. Fischer prepared his own project in his Main Office for Spatial Ordering ( 5981: 6633: 2300: 2558:. The new German administrative units were much larger than those organized by the Polish government, reflecting the German lack of sufficient administrative personnel to staff smaller units. 9561: 1891:. In the immediate aftermath of World War II, this latter role was obscured both by the lack of court evidence and by deliberate obfuscation, while most of the focus was on the better-known 6711: 6588: 1229:

to have a German population of 20% to 25% by the beginning of 1944, and of 30% to 40% by the following year, at which time Lublin was to be declared a German city and given a German mayor.

1106:

Map of Generalgouvernement (yellow) in comparison to Second Polish Republic (dark grey), today's borders (white), 1918 German-Polish border (black), and areas annexed by Nazi Germany (blue)

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from which men and women taken by force to work as laborers in factories and farms in Germany. In 1942, all non-Germans living in the General Government were subject to forced labor.

2279: 1006:, borderland) as a frontier post of German rule in the east. A Führer's decree of October 12, 1939 established the General Government; the decree came into force on October 26, 1939. 3395:

or AL) parallel to the PPR, organized and controlled by the Soviet Union. The AK was estimated between 200,000 and 600,000 men, while the AL was estimated between 14,000 and 60,000.

7853: 4253: 2499: 3454:. The 15,000 remaining Home Army soldiers were granted POW status (prior to the agreement, captured rebels were shot), and the remaining civilian population of 180,000 expelled. 1187: 4945: 7119: 6938: 6843: 1245:

Nazi planners never definitively resolved the question of the exact territorial reorganization of the Polish provinces in the event of German victory in the east. Germany had

1225:

City), both names were not implemented. Most of the Polish population was expelled by the Nazi occupation authorities with documented brutality. Himmler intended the city of

9418: 8662: 7282: 3975: 4074: 2307: 1828: 4782: 4060:"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945 3011:), with Warsaw under the direct control of the General Government. This decree was to go into effect on 1 April 1943 and was nominally accepted by Heinrich Himmler, but 713:

had no intention of sharing power with the locals throughout the war, regardless of their ethnicity and political orientation. The authorities rarely mentioned the name

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Poles were not allowed to use radio sets. Any set was to be handed over to local administration by 25 January 1940. Ethnic Germans were obliged to register their sets.

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area for further Germanization on account of its fertile black soil, and German colonial settlements were planned. Zamość was initially renamed by the government to

2272: 1186:, and the Germanisation of 4 to 5 million; although deportation in reality meant many Poles were to be put to death, a small number would be "Germanized", and 9486: 9054: 9009: 6969: 6546: 6407: 6397: 6362: 4132: 3880: 1182:

German bureaucrats drew up various plans regarding the future of the original population. One called for the deportation of about 20 million Poles to western

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which would encompass several southern sections of the Polish territories conquered in 1939 (around 18,000 km), stretching from the area to the west of

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This article is about the German administration of occupied Poland during World War II. For the German administration of Belgium during World War I, see

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Excerpt from the minutes of the first conference of Heads of the main police officers and commanders of operational groups led by Heydrich's deputy, SS-

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Orange and yellow areas of former Austrian part after Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Union in 1795 roughly correspond with Generalgouvernement

5871: 2293: 1426:-province to provide a German "admixture" (i.e. colonial settlement). Further territorial planning carried out by this Warsaw-based organization under 7323: 7275: 7078: 6357: 6236: 1037: 565: 5824: 5091: 792:", which is a type of a territory that is administered centrally. In the French and Dutch original, the 'General' in the name is a reference to the 7839: 7413: 7221: 6873: 5897: 2314: 445: 8978: 3798: 3027:

were also skeptic about the usefulness of this reorganization, resulting in its abolition after subsequent discussions between Himmler and Frank.

5692: 5048: 3723: 1768: 5182: 4296: 3623:(the deadliest of them all) had transferable SS staff and almost identical design. The General Government was the location of four of the seven 3991:, or the Main Trustee Office for the East, a Nazi German predatory institution responsible for liquidating Polish and Jewish businesses across 3943: 1888: 1645: 1102: 627:. Until 1945, the General Government comprised much of central, southern, and southeastern Poland within its prewar borders (and of modern-day 8988: 5552:

Sinnreich, Helene Julia (May 2004). "The Supply and Distribution of Food to the Łódź Ghetto- A Case Study in Nazi Jewish Policy, 1939 -1945".

5329:

Sinnreich, Helene Julia (May 2004). "The Supply and Distribution of Food to the Łódź Ghetto- A Case Study in Nazi Jewish Policy, 1939 -1945".

4970: 4615:(Yuri Boshyk, Roman Waschuk, Andriy Wynnyckyj, Eds.). Edmonton: University of Alberta, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press pp. 73-74 9315: 8993: 6745: 6246: 3692: 4916: 9451: 9068: 7268: 7216: 5030: 2343:

In occupied Poland, there was no Polish film industry. However, a few Poles collaborated with the Germans in making films such as the 1941

1994: 5431:

Rutherford, Phillip (2003). ""Absolute Organizational Deficiency": The 1.Nahplan of December 1939 (Logistics, Limitations, and Lessons)".

5380:

Rutherford, Phillip (2003). ""Absolute Organizational Deficiency": The 1.Nahplan of December 1939 (Logistics, Limitations, and Lessons)".

4237: 9526: 9300: 4034: 3159: 1150:"as German as the Rhineland". According to notes from Martin Bormann German policy envisaged reducing lower-class Poles to the status of 5799: 5068: 4895: 3113:

Germans from outside, passive Germans and members of families (this group also included some ethnic Poles), Volksliste category 3 and 4,

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in these ghettos, the selling of this food on the blackmarket was extremely competitive, and beyond the reach of most Jews in ghettos.

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The prices for food outside of ghettos and concentration camps had to be set at a reasonable price in order for them to align with the

1350: 955: 95: 619:), the area of the General Government was enlarged by the inclusion of the Polish regions previously annexed to the USSR. Within days 9546: 9456: 9024: 8765: 6768: 7507: 4152:

Ewelina Żebrowaka-Żolinas Polityka eksterminacyjna okupanta hitlerowskiego na Zamojszczyźnie Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 17, 213-229

1154:, while deporting or otherwise eliminating the middle and upper classes and eventually replacing them with German colonists of the " 9491: 9265: 7659: 7245: 6780: 6014: 5715:"25 września. Wcielenie kolei polskich na Śląsku, w Wielkopolsce i na Pomorzu do niemieckich kolei państwowych Deutsche Reichsbahn" 5161: 4455: 3209: 9551: 9390: 8687: 7445: 7009: 6989: 6913: 6613: 4058: 3486:

Germans plundered Polish museums. Many of the pieces of art perished. Germans burned a number of Warsaw libraries, including the

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The Germans used pre-war Polish prisons and organised new ones, like in Jan Chrystian Schuch Avenue police quarter in Warsaw and

328: 6730: 9541: 8719: 6984: 6979: 6858: 6688: 4759: 3858:, stolen at the behest of Hans Frank in 1939 and never returned; one of over 40,000 works of art robbed from Polish collections 3788:

prison hanged by Germans in Leszno Street, Warsaw, February 11, 1944 (photo taken secretly from tram by a member of the Polish

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had made the decision to "turn this region into a purely German area within 15–20 years". He explained: "Where 12 million

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of the General Government. German authorities made a sharp contrast between the new Reich territory and a supposedly occupied

9123: 8617: 6735: 6725: 6603: 5770: 4356:

Rich, Norman (1974). Hitler's War Aims: the Establishment of the New Order, p. 99. W. W. Norton & Company Inc., New York.

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instituted a reign of terror against the civilian population and became directly involved in the mass murder of Jews. At the

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Through the occupation Germany diverted a significant number of its military forces to keep control over Polish territories.

4367: 4203: 3425:, April 19 to May. 16 That was the first armed uprising against the Germans in Poland, and prefigured the larger and longer 1345:

for a long period of time it was deemed more racially acceptable) from the rest of the Poles, and cordoning off the city of

1052:

Most of the Jews, perhaps as many as two million, had also been rounded up and murdered. Germans destroyed Warsaw after the

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Announcement of the execution of 60 Polish hostages and a list of 40 new hostages taken by Nazi authorities in Poland, 1943

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German announcement of the execution of 9 Polish peasants for unfurnished contingents (quotas). Signed by the governor of

1807:

on July 31, 1940, for any Polish officers who did not register immediately with the German administration (to be taken to

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tried to advance a project to dissolve the General Government altogether and to partition its territory into a number of

81: 7818: 7567: 4881:

Czesław Madajczyk. Polityka III Rzeszy w okupowanej Polsce p.242 volume 1, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, 1970

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currency, remained in use but with revenues going to the German state. A new bank was created; it issued new banknotes.

1575:). For the entire period of the General Government's existence there was only one General-Governor: Dr. Hans Frank. The 9441: 8798: 7497: 5211: 4639: 1048:. The Nazis considered the Polish state to have effectively ceased to exist with its defeat in the September campaign. 857: 581: 17: 6551: 6402: 5107: 4572:

Gyidel, Ernest (2019). "The Ukrainian Legal Press of the General Government: The Case of Krakivski Visti, 1940-1944".

1974:

The former Polish policemen, with no high-ranking Polish officers (who were arrested or demoted), were drafted to the

9511: 7014: 6740: 5911: 5832: 5511: 5486: 4379: 4324: 4247: 4197: 4126: 3327: 1546: 410: 8859: 7206: 5208:"Poniemiecka parowozownia na sprzedaż. Jednak jeszcze nie teraz :: Radom24.pl :: Portal Radomia i regionu" 4611:

Myroslav Yurkevich. (1986). Galician Ukrainians in German Military Formations and in the German Administration. In:

3309: 9516: 9501: 8349: 6923: 6037: 5861: 4551: 3215:

German administration implemented a system of exploitation of Jewish and Polish people, which included high taxes.

1338: 112: 6719: 5973: 3346:

Resistance to the German occupation began almost at once, although there is little terrain in Poland suitable for

9521: 9403: 7399: 6928: 6898: 4996: 4192:] (in Polish). Polsko-Rosyjska Grupa do Spraw Trudnych, Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych. p. 378. 1311:, Frank himself expressed his intention to turn the district under his control into a German province called the 1056:. As the Soviets advanced through Poland in late 1944 the General Government collapsed. American troops captured 545: 7597: 6220: 2584: 9506: 9376: 8731: 8707: 7502: 7083: 6908: 6853: 6185: 5764: 5599: 5536: 5361: 5245: 4861: 4832: 4776: 4427: 4068: 3651:", chiefly millions of Jews from Poland and other countries, was carried out by gassing between 1942 and 1944. 3305: 31: 8854: 5659: 611:

The General Government was run by Germany as a separate administrative unit for logistical purposes. When the

101: 9398: 9208: 6964: 6959: 6580: 6468: 6279: 3913: 1458: 1449:

In this context Zvanetti's study proposed a re-ordering of the "Eastern Gaue" into three geopolitical blocs:

967: 943: 830: 826: 7727: 7450: 6541: 2375:

in an anti-Polish propaganda undertaking, with punishments ranging from official reprimand to imprisonment.

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During this environment of food scarcity Jews turned to the black market for any source of sustenance. The

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Collections of civilian testimonies from Nazi-occupied Poland in testimony database "Chronicles of Terror"

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of the occupied Polish territory in the western half of the German zone, in order to increase the Reich's

751:, a name that is usually translated as "General Government for the Occupied Polish Territories". Governor 9481: 9433: 8699: 7577: 7532: 7522: 7512: 7455: 7088: 6999: 6299: 5821: 5088: 4118:

Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, Analysis

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Macht Arbeit Frei?: German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939-1943

5856:

Macht Arbeit Frei?: German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939-1943

5718: 3024: 2396: 1947:

who lived in Poland before the attack and joined the invading force thereafter. However, after the 1941

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in the General Government, formally assigned to the head of the civil administration. The existence of

1968: 1674: 5045: 3007:.) The restructuring further involved the changing of Warsaw and Kraków into separate city-districts ( 1998: 1783:

New laws were passed, discriminating against ethnic Poles and, in particular, the Jews. In 1941 a new

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instead. After 63 days of fighting the leaders of the rising agreed a conditional surrender with the

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transportation and restricted restaurants. They were divided from the most privileged, to the least.

2005: 1898: 1753: 1284: 983: 585: 5934: 4809: 4682: 4598: 4101: 3434: 1887:

focused on traditional security roles as an occupying force. Some of them were directly involved in

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of interwar Poland—who, disregarding international law, were named the only rightful citizens of

5027: 3593: 2880: 994:, especially in the Warthegau. The remaining parts of the former Poland were to become a German 986:

of Germany. Draconian measures were introduced by both RKF and HTO, to facilitate the immediate

8869: 8419: 8334: 6569: 6170: 5903: 4997:"Kino i teatr pod okupacją. Polskie środowisko filmowe i teatralne w czasie II wojny światowej" 3757: 3442: 3422: 3240:(exchanging goods for other goods instead of money). "Introducing rationing in September 1940, 3233: 3185: 2483:

was the planned Nazi administrative quarter. German-only residential area was constructed near

2265: 1967:". A lot of those men did not know German and required translation by their native commanders. 1670: 1327: 1237: 935: 557: 343: 5249: 4031: 3350:. Several small army troops supported by volunteers fought till Spring 1940, e.g. under major 2892: 2429: 2001:

among numerous others, because Christian Poles were executed under the charge of aiding Jews.

1253:

The earliest such proposal (October/November 1939) called for the establishment of a separate

372: 87: 9408: 8828: 6750: 6312: 6284: 5756: 5557: 5334: 5064: 4891: 4585: 4336:"Man to man...", Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa, Warsaw 2011, p. 11. English version. 3505:. Only Germans were allowed to perform in sporting events. About 80 football clubs played in 2971: 2655: 2480: 2344: 1379: 7682: 5791: 5240:

Frank Uekötter, "The Green and the Brown: A History of Conservation in Nazi Germany", 2006,

915:

of the pact the territory concerned was exchanged for the inclusion in the Soviet sphere of

8885: 8596: 8481: 8117: 8042: 7986: 7242: 7201: 7164: 6893: 6674: 6327: 6289: 6210: 6205: 6125: 4718: 3918: 3676: 3399: 2588:

Administrative map of the General Government, July 1941 – January 1944 following Barbarossa

2577: 2537: 2446: 2103: 1948: 1932: 1732: 1623: 1618: 1464: 1308: 971: 616: 593: 569: 271: 244: 192: 8723: 8561: 7582: 6307: 3388:, together with many volunteers. Other forces existed side-by-side, such as the communist 3351: 3169: 2639: 2490:

Germans constructed railroad line Łódź-Radom (partially in GG) and engine house in Radom.

2237: 1628: 8: 9423: 9295: 8935: 8895: 8344: 8167: 7706: 7607: 6974: 6501: 6412: 6317: 6105: 6090: 6080: 3575: 3474: 3225: 2902: 2553: 1737: 1596: 1191: 1045: 991: 888: 884: 777: 624: 573: 313: 8945: 7737: 7712: 7672: 5877: 5157: 4453: 4274:"Erlaß des Führers und Reichskanzlers über die Gliederung und Verwaltung der Ostgebiete" 3619:

under the guise of "resettlement" in spring of 1942. The three Reinhard camps including

3548: 2635: 2465: 2359:). In that film, casting for minor parts played by Jewish and Polish actors was done by 9164: 9133: 8920: 8220: 8157: 8087: 8077: 7996: 7677: 7461: 7437: 7061: 6658: 6377: 6322: 6130: 6070: 5456: 5448: 5413: 5405: 4797: 4543: 4089: 3624: 3607: 3601: 3543: 3177: 2504:

For administrative purposes the General Government was subdivided into four districts (

1859: 1073: 1041: 927: 922: 876: 654: 537: 517: 290: 178: 35: 9213: 8925: 8496: 8434: 7717: 7260: 6506: 4239:

War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, Identity, and German Occupation in World War I

2816: 1971:

was formed in Distrikt Galizien in 1941, many policemen deserted in 1943 joining UPA.

1427: 9188: 8890: 8566: 8293: 8258: 8210: 8052: 7991: 7169: 6195: 6120: 5907: 5760: 5749: 5595: 5532: 5507: 5482: 5460: 5417: 5397: 5357: 5241: 4828: 4772: 4690: 4635: 4508:"Man to man...", Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa, Warsaw 2011, English version 4423: 4375: 4320: 4243: 4193: 4122: 4064: 3556: 3347: 1902: 1682: 1272:

area, and Łódź (rather than Kraków) served as the capital of the General Government.

1003: 796:, the central assembly which was given an authority to directly rule the territory. 9413: 9098: 8915: 8910: 7916: 6075: 5641: 4942:"Eksploatacja wsi 1939-1945 - fotogaleria - Fotogaleria - Martyrologia Wsi Polskich" 4011: 3695:

was a governor of the Radom District. He was sentenced and hanged in Czechoslovakia.

3472:

All universities in GG were disbanded, many Kraków professors imprisoned during the

2788: 2433: 9350: 8955: 8905: 8695: 8516: 8374: 8162: 8152: 8127: 8011: 8001: 7976: 7926: 7767: 7639: 7602: 7587: 7237: 6115: 6085: 6003: 5440: 5389: 5296: 4573: 4005:

and war-profiteers if interested. The HTO was created and headed by Nazi potentate

3982: 3871: 3769: 3664: 3588: 3263: 2994: 2027: 1952: 1723: 1210: 1061: 1060:, who had governed the region, in May 1945; he became one of the defendants at the 1013: 688: 8354: 8324: 8102: 7931: 7762: 7697: 7667: 7649: 3765: 2221: 1241:

Official proclamation of the General-Government in Poland by Germany, October 1939

9371: 9366: 9223: 9154: 9103: 9083: 8844: 8651: 8581: 8511: 8449: 8439: 8379: 8314: 8182: 8092: 7981: 7966: 7951: 7911: 7777: 7629: 6903: 6521: 6511: 6140: 6029: 5828: 5264:(Poland during II World War). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. 2003. p.68. 5095: 5052: 5034: 4664: 4459: 4300: 4183: 4038: 4007: 3992: 3824: 3804: 3615:, solely to efficiently kill thousands of people each day. The Germans began the 3531:, marked with black and white skulls. General Government in beige. Death camp at 3528: 3426: 3201: 3003: 2975: 2955: 2761: 2669: 2442: 2415: 2410:

German authorities installed megaphones for propaganda purposes, called by Poles

2347: 2242: 2177: 2015: 1979: 1867: 1844: 1808: 1742: 1711: 1610: 1606: 1587: 1568: 1560: 1552: 1373: 1342: 1123: 1089: 1053: 911:

on September 28 to delineate a permanent border between the two countries. Under

837: 771: 730: 722: 717:

in legal correspondence. The only exception to this was the General Government's

666: 662: 628: 601: 529: 509: 501: 174: 167: 62: 9093: 8424: 8006: 7886: 7861: 7742: 6808: 5561: 5338: 4858:

Perpetrators and Perpetration of Mass Violence: Action, Motivations and Dynamics

4190:

Białe plamy–czarne plamy: sprawy trudne w polsko-rosyjskich stosunkach 1918–2008

3680: 3552: 1602: 1369: 568:

in the east. The territory was expanded substantially in 1941, after the German

256: 9113: 9108: 8940: 8808: 8715: 8637: 8591: 8506: 8404: 8365: 8288: 8147: 8132: 8107: 8047: 7936: 7921: 7901: 7891: 7752: 7644: 6943: 6878: 6516: 6337: 5684: 5444: 5393: 4319:, 5 April 1942. trans. Cameron, Norman; Stevens, R.H. (3rd ed.). Enigma Books. 4185:

White spots–black spots: difficult issues in Polish–Russian relations 1918–2008

3686: 3560: 3447: 3241: 3012: 2943: 2804: 2552:), was incorporated into the General Government and became its fifth district: 2484: 2008:

also existed, responsible for policing wooded areas in the General Government.

1964: 1893: 1435: 1431: 1361: 1330: 1276: 1166: 899:

where the German armies had halted their advance and linked up with the Soviet

834: 822: 814: 8329: 8137: 8097: 7702: 7572: 3354:, after which they ceased due to German executions of civilians as reprisals. 3106:

Germans from outside, active ethnic Germans, Volksliste category 1 and 2 (see

2864: 2850: 1326:

When Frank unsuccessfully attempted to resign his position on 24 August 1942,

1032:(General Government for the Occupied Polish Territories), then changed to the 9475: 9310: 9128: 8900: 8641: 8576: 8571: 8556: 8526: 8521: 8491: 8429: 8384: 8298: 8283: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8235: 8225: 8205: 8177: 8067: 8037: 7956: 7941: 7896: 7787: 7757: 7732: 7722: 7692: 7687: 7623: 7305: 6994: 6883: 6200: 6190: 6160: 6145: 6100: 5959: 5946: 5639: 5401: 4694: 4001: 3789: 3742: 3714: 3689:

was a governor of the Warsaw District. He was sentenced and hanged in Warsaw.

3628: 3438: 3418: 3131: 3107: 3020: 2545: 2372: 2371:

resistance movement; after the war, the Polish performers were sentenced for

1943: 1788: 1688:

The government seat of the General Government was located in Kraków (German:

1657: 1639: 1495: 1131: 987: 975: 931: 821:

during World War I. This district existed from 1914 to 1918 together with an

818: 692: 597: 459: 428: 8531: 5207: 4680: 9218: 8930: 8737: 8677: 8586: 8551: 8546: 8414: 8399: 8240: 8172: 8142: 8112: 8062: 8032: 8027: 7881: 7782: 7747: 7634: 6848: 6215: 6060: 6005: 5880:

NAZI occupied Poland, the CIH World War II Pages. Retrieved 24 August 2015.

5744: 4966: 4730:

Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland

4166: 3953: 3258: 2888: 2647: 2572: 2476: 1956: 1927: 1915: 1784: 1716: 1567:; changed on December 9, 1940 to the Government of the General Government, 1487: 1430:

Dr. Ernst Zvanetti in a May 1943 study to demarcate the eastern border of "

1390:) located in Warsaw. He suggested the establishment of the three provinces 1188:

young Poles of desirable qualities would be kidnapped and raised in Germany

1174: 1127: 951: 892: 891:. This area extended from the 1939 eastern border of Germany proper and of 620: 605: 553: 549: 541: 277: 132: 8072: 5883: 5592:

Polish Society Under German Occupation: The Generalgouvernement: 1939-1944

5529:

Polish Society Under German Occupation: The Generalgouvernement: 1939-1944

5354:

Polish Society Under German Occupation: The Generalgouvernement: 1939-1944

4854:: Reassessing the Role of Ordinary Poles as Perpetrators in the Holocaust" 2735: 1685:, as there were no Polish representatives above the local administration. 1503: 1360:

Hans Frank with district administrators in 1942 – from left: Ernst Kundt,

1269: 144: 8950: 8486: 8476: 8409: 8389: 8319: 8278: 8215: 8200: 8122: 8082: 7971: 7961: 7154: 6175: 6110: 5774: 4613:

Ukraine during World War II: history and its aftermath : a symposium

4577: 3923: 3385: 3384:

in London. It was formed mainly of the surviving remnants of the pre-War

3191: 3121: 2993:

A change in the administrative structure was desired by Finance Minister

2820: 2659: 1975: 1852: 1706: 1662: 1265: 1155: 789: 6888: 4547: 4531: 4169:

Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identities and Cultural Differences

3181: 2739: 2715: 1439: 974:. The remaining three regions, the so-called areas of Zichenau, Eastern 8536: 8501: 8057: 7906: 7196: 6180: 6165: 6065: 5865: 5646:

Pro memoria: Warszawskie biblioteki naukowe w latach okupacji 1939-1945

5594:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 111–112. 5452: 5409: 5318:

Hitler's Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State

3660: 3523: 3498: 3195:

So-called "Góral"- 500 złoty banknote used in the territories of the GG

2951: 2808: 2800: 2461: 1791:

very common. The death penalty was introduced for, among other things:

1365: 1334: 1170: 1147: 1119: 1110: 1093: 1057: 1017: 1009: 959: 861: 752: 376: 216: 5089:

http://www.executedtoday.com/2009/02/11/1944-twenty-two-or-more-poles/

3745:

and Police 5.09.1942—Death penalty for Poles offering any help to Jews

3417:

In April 1943 the Germans began deporting the remaining Jews from the

3173: 3125:) – an attempt to split the Polish nation by using local collaborators 3044:

Distribution of food in General Government as of December, 1941

2872: 2727: 1735:, and the works of dissident Ukrainian writers from the Soviet Union. 979: 38:. For the German General Government of Warsaw during World War I, see 8793: 8230: 7803: 6262: 6095: 6055: 5648:. transl. Philip Earl Steele. Warsaw: Biblioteka Narodowa. p. 4. 4368:"Germany Turns Eastwards: A Study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich" 3668: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3532: 3451: 3369: 3362: 3246: 3155: 3142: 2939: 2931: 2868: 2731: 2651: 2054: 1821: 1198: 1143: 1126:

was planned. In March 1941 Hans Frank informed his subordinates that

1097: 1065: 963: 916: 896: 680: 612: 8818: 8780: 4849: 4687:

Yad Washem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance

3546:

on January 20, 1942, the State Secretary of the General Government,

3279: 3015:

opposed the move, as he simply wanted to see the region turned into

2876: 2751: 2711: 2692: 2627: 2532: 1910: 1741:

was headed by Frank until the end of World War II and had as editor

1261: 865: 755:, on Hitler's authority, shortened the name on 31 July 1940 to just 636: 152: 9233: 7211: 6155: 5046:

http://www.polska1918-89.pl/pdf/gadzinowki-i-szczekaczki.-,5383.pdf

4181: 3644: 3441:

on August 1 in response both to their government and to Soviet and

3135: 2967: 2947: 2935: 2884: 2792: 2623: 2351: 2327: 1817:

on July 11, 1942, for farmers who failed to provide requested crops

1521: 1268:

in the east. At this time Germany had not yet directly annexed the

900: 704: 658: 5579:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 581–582. 5531:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 102. 2387:

was formed in Warsaw together with a German controlled Polish one

2247: 2207:

Dienststelle der Pressechef der Regierung des Generalgouvernements

2176:

1,000,000 (A small percentage took part in the suppression of the

1411: 560:

was split into three zones: the General Government in its centre,

5356:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 92. 3887: 3855: 2743: 2643: 2561:

The five districts were further sub-divided into urban counties (

2500:

Administrative division of Polish territories during World War II

2360: 1874: 1533: 1473: 1399: 1320: 1304: 1256: 1183: 1135: 1077: 488: 182: 5874:, examined by his defense attorney, Dr. Alfred Seidl, 4/18/1946. 3870:

Polish hostages being blindfolded during preparations for their

2576:

Administrative map of the General Government, July 1940 (before

1780:

system was given priority in cases of overlapping jurisdiction.

745:

The full title of the regime in Germany until July 1940 was the

9305: 7421: 6643: 5849:

The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War

4420:

Model Nazi: Arthur Greiser and the Occupation of Western Poland

3785: 3410: 3237: 2959: 2842: 2812: 2775: 2723: 2631: 2610: 2518: 2511: 2364: 2245:

recruitment poster: "'Let's do farm work in Germany!' See your

2019: 1820:

on July 24, 1943, for not joining the forced labor battalions (

1795:

on October 31, 1939, for any acts against the German government

1701: 1678: 1551:

The General Government was administered by a General-Governor (

1443: 1346: 1300: 1226: 1222: 869: 843:

The General Government area was also known colloquially as the

684: 650: 632: 484: 5751:

Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps

5660:"Polsko-niemiecka historia piłki, czyli powrót do przeszłości" 2229:

Thousands of anti-Semitic posters were distributed in Warsaw.

1937:

district of German-annexed western part of Poland since 1939.

1774:"counteracting the acts of violence in the General Government" 5722: 5028:

http://www.historiaradia.neostrada.pl/Okupacja%201939-44.html

4114: 3976:

Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood

2963: 2846: 2796: 2747: 2719: 2525: 1757: 1756:

declared that the government of the General Government was a

1576: 1288: 695:) and others. Geographical locations were renamed in German. 7862:

Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators

5616:"22 Precious Works of Art That Vanished During World War II" 3357: 2455: 1787:

was introduced, introducing many new crimes, and making the

1438:

landmass" proposed an eastern German border along the "line

2917: 1414:) by dividing the Radom and Lublin districts between them. 1194:

was abolished and all Polish cultural institutions closed.

1151: 700: 640: 4407:

Die okkupationspolitik Nazideutschlands in Polen 1939-1945

9562:

People from wartime administrations in Poland (1939–1947)

5183:"Niemieckie osiedle mieszkaniowe koło Parku Krakowskiego" 4450:

Diensttagebuch Hans Frank: 16.12.1941 - Regierungssitzung

3972:

Reichskommissar für die Festigung des deutschen Volkstums

1083: 782:. A more accurate English translation of the French term 536:), was a German zone of occupation established after the 9419:

International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz

4856:. In Williams, Timothy; Buckley-Zistel, Susanne (eds.). 4167:

Keith Bullivant; Geoffrey J. Giles; Walter Pape (1999).

3001:, as a "test run" of the Germanization according to the 2471:

The capital of GG Kraków was reconstructed according to

1993:

constituted a grave danger for the non-Jewish Poles who

1677:. The General Government had the character of a type of 1028:

Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete

864:, head of the General Government, at a police parade in 748:

Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete

534:

Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete

56:

Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete

9280: 7290: 5691:. Dan Rogers (translator). University of Pennsylvania. 4624: 3996: 3820: 3761: 1921: 1839:

The police in the General Government was divided into:

1814:

on November 10, 1941, for giving any assistance to Jews

1772:

Part of Hans Frank's ordinance from 31 October 1939 on

3683:, were executed in Nuremberg and Poland, respectively. 3627:

of World War II in which the most extreme measures of

2046:

and police formations stationed in General government

4681:

The Erwin and Riva Baker Memorial Collection (2001).

2383:

All Polish theaters were disbanded. A German theater

903:

in accordance with their secret pact against Poland.

2030:

to find and kill rescuers of the Germans' quarries.

1134:

now live, is to be populated by 4 to 5 million

1024:

The official name chosen for the new entity was the

596:

to reassign the identity of all Polish nationals as

5506:. London, UK: The Penguin Press. pp. 277–279. 3929:

German camps in occupied Poland during World War II

2475:by Hubert Ritter. Hans Frank rebuild his residence 2464:. The governmental quarter was situated around the 2211:

Der Bevollmächtige des Generalgouverneurs in Berlin

1955:

who volunteered for special training, such as the "

962:. Germany organized most of these areas as two new 926:German-Soviet border drawn in the aftermath of the 774:, is 'General Governorate', cognate with the Dutch 580:roughly corresponded with the Austrian part of the 5748: 1586:The Office was headed by Chief of the Government ( 526:General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region 51:General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region 6492: 1118:The conversion of Warsaw into a "model city" was 990:of the annexed territory, typically resulting in 9473: 8781:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical 5835:IPN Katowice. Reprint. Retrieved 24 August 2015. 5712: 3995:; and selling them off for profit mainly to the 2199:Fachabteilung für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda 9487:German occupation of Poland during World War II 3839:Aerial view of the city of Warsaw, January 1945 1559:) aided by the Office of the General-Governor ( 5677: 5481:. London, UK: The Penguin Press. p. 279. 4668:, Holmes & Meir: NY, NY, 1985, pp 100–106. 4448:NS-Archiv: Dokumente zum Nationalsozialismus. 4182:Adam D. Rotfeld; Anatolij W. Torkunow (2010). 3944:Postal communication in the General Government 1963:) deployed at all major killing sites of the " 1283:Upon hearing of the German plans to create a " 1080:. The sentence was carried out on October 16. 833:, a similar rump state formed out of the then- 615:forces invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 ( 27:German-occupied zone in Poland in World War II 9537:States and territories disestablished in 1945 9266: 8766: 7847: 7407: 7276: 5989: 4676: 4674: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 3760:, April 1943: Jews being held at gunpoint by 3490:, destroying about 3.6 million volumes. 2258: 2033: 1798:on January 21, 1940, for economic speculation 9452:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust 7059: 6260: 6035: 6027: 4757: 4732:. Penguin Books. pp. 51, 98, 109, 124. 4726:(PDF file, direct download 7.91 MB complete) 4618: 4409:, p. 31 (in German). Akademie-Verlag Berlin. 4056: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4046: 3631:were carried out, including closely located 3583:("General Directorate of Eastern Railways", 3535:(lower left) in the neighbouring new German 2460:Warsaw was to be reconstructed according to 1690: 1434:" (i.e. the Greater German Reich) with the " 1384: 1341:(because this part of Poland had been under 1313: 1293: 1215: 1203: 1122:in 1940 and later, in similar ways like the 1026: 996: 950:Hitler decreed the direct annexation to the 844: 806: 800: 783: 765: 756: 746: 708: 670: 644: 54: 34:. For the national-accounting practice, see 7422:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks 5504:Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe 5479:Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe 4994: 4713: 4711: 4315:Hitler, Adolf (2000). Bormann, Martin. ed. 4235: 3807:: Polish soldiers in action, August 1, 1944 3308:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3160:Forced labor in Germany during World War II 2986:1, added after 1941. 2, removed after 1941. 2493: 1323:) in a speech he gave on 16 December 1941. 775: 9532:States and territories established in 1939 9273: 9259: 8773: 8759: 7854: 7840: 7414: 7400: 7283: 7269: 5996: 5982: 5895: 5706: 5683: 5430: 5379: 4995:Januszewski, Bartosz (13 September 2017). 4761:Police Auxiliaries for Operation Reinhard 4671: 4634:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 349, 361. 4464: 4242:. Cambridge University Press. p. 54. 3939:Money transfers in the Generalgouvernement 3717:being built under the orders of Dr. Ludwig 3501:was an avid chess player, so he organized 3342:Polish resistance movement in World War II 2452:, from September 1943 until January 1944. 2216: 788:in this context is not 'government', but " 111: 5551: 5328: 4516: 4514: 4491: 4489: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4043: 3398:German repressions in 1942-43 caused the 3328:Learn how and when to remove this message 3208:). Jewish population was deported to the 2456:Urban planning and transportation network 2363:, who during the filming was shot in his 1232: 5293:"Treuhänder - Glossary - Virtual Shtetl" 5276: 4965: 4892:"Defining Enemy, Holocaust Encyclopedia" 4717: 4708: 4565: 4365: 4278: 3522: 3404: 3356: 3190: 2583: 2571: 2428: 2391:. There existed also one comedy theater 2236: 2220: 1767: 1644: 1355: 1236: 1109: 1101: 921: 856: 813:, a civil entity created in the invaded 631:), including the major Polish cities of 566:Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union 9377:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission 5796:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 5574: 5501: 5476: 4860:. London: Routledge. pp. 187–203. 4523: 4311: 4309: 3464:Education in Poland during World War II 2540:against the Soviets in June 1941, East 2436:Public execution memorial table, Warsaw 2232: 2102:2,000,000 (high number due to imminent 1897:("Operational groups") who reported to 14: 9474: 9360:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials 8720:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions 6651: 6476: 6272: 6048: 5814: 4847: 4571: 4511: 4499:, pp. 82-83. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel. 4486: 4175: 4155: 4115:Piotr Eberhardt, Jan Owsinski (2003). 1084:German intentions regarding the region 982:triangle, became attached to adjacent 623:was overrun and incorporated into the 9254: 8754: 7835: 7395: 7264: 5977: 5820:Mirosław Sikora (16 September 2009), 5589: 5526: 5472: 5470: 5375: 5373: 5351: 4751: 4739:from the original on October 19, 2013 4529: 4024: 3949:World War II evacuation and expulsion 2255:Germans wanted Poles to obey orders. 1978:and became subordinated to the local 1827:on October 2, 1943, for impeding the 1197:In 1943, the government selected the 805:also gave a nod to the once existing 5792:"Holocaust Encyclopedia: Hans Frank" 5755:. Indiana University Press. p. 5743: 5737: 5577:The Destruction of the European Jews 4825:Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus 4822: 4816: 4665:The Destruction of the European Jews 4452:(in German). Retrieved 12 May 2011. 4306: 3978:, an office in Nazi Germany held by 3970:The RKF (also RKFDV) stands for the 3617:elimination of the Jewish population 3503:General Government chess tournaments 3481: 3306:adding citations to reliable sources 3273: 3184:", was managed by German-controlled 2819:), Zamosch/Himmlerstadt/Pflugstadt ( 2424: 1801:on February 20, 1940, for spreading 1579:structure in General Government was 562:Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany 9281:Aftermath, trials and commemoration 7292:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland 5822:"Aktion Saybusch" na Żywiecczyźnie. 5640:various authors; Tomasz Balcerzak; 5009:from the original on 16 August 2022 4917:"Grabowski, Antisemitic propaganda" 4108: 3675:and was executed. His secretaries, 3168:Parts of Warsaw and several towns ( 2402: 2225:Nazi anti-semitic propaganda poster 2197:The propaganda was directed by the 1516:(South-East Prussia) and including 1349:as the center of "criminality" and 764:An accurate English translation of 157:(4 November 1939 – 19 January 1945) 24: 9442:Polish Righteous Among the Nations 5889: 5467: 5370: 4771:. Enigma Books. pp. 331–348. 3966: 3368:The main resistance force was the 2192: 1909:Hans Frank, stationed in occupied 1763: 1617:). From October 1939 to May 1940, 1581:Arbeitsbereich Generalgouvernement 1573:Regierung des Generalgouvernements 1418:was to have a "Polish character", 1213:City), which was later changed to 25: 9573: 9557:1945 disestablishments in Ukraine 9497:World War II occupied territories 9124:Special Prosecution Book – Poland 6431:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe 5833:Institute of National Remembrance 5689:"The Wannsee Conference Protocol" 5262:Polska podczas II wojny światowej 4631:The Origins of the Final Solution 4532:""Krakivs'ki visti": An Overview" 4346:Hitler's plans for Eastern Europe 3764:troops (from a report written by 2340:("Only swine go to the movies"). 2011:A Bahnpolizei policed railroads. 1995:attempted to help ghettoised Jews 1547:General Government administration 1540: 1190:. In the General Government, all 415:Military Administration in Poland 9547:1945 disestablishments in Poland 9301:Population transfers (1944–1946) 8350:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg 6919:Serbia (Commissioner Government) 5933: 5644:(2004). Tomasz Balcerzak (ed.). 5273:Madajczyk 1970, p.226, volume 2. 3985:. Meanwhile, the HTO stands for 3895: 3879: 3863: 3844: 3832: 3812: 3797: 3777: 3750: 3734: 3722: 3706: 3512: 3278: 2544:(part of Poland, annexed by the 868:during the German occupation of 707:. The Nazi German rulers of the 464: 450: 446:Provisional Government of Poland 421: 403: 94: 80: 9492:Nazi colonies in Eastern Europe 9404:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum 9316:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946 6899:Norway (Administrative Council) 5872:Testimony of Frank at Nuremberg 5802:from the original on 7 May 2016 5784: 5695:from the original on 2019-05-15 5666:from the original on 2018-05-25 5652: 5633: 5622:from the original on 2019-05-17 5608: 5583: 5568: 5545: 5520: 5495: 5424: 5345: 5322: 5310: 5285: 5267: 5254: 5234: 5225: 5214:from the original on 2019-05-15 5200: 5189:from the original on 2019-05-14 5175: 5164:from the original on 2019-05-14 5150: 5139:from the original on 2019-05-14 5125: 5114:from the original on 2019-05-15 5108:"Hans Frank przebudowuje Wawel" 5100: 5082: 5071:from the original on 2018-06-28 5057: 5039: 5021: 4988: 4959: 4934: 4909: 4898:from the original on 2018-05-24 4884: 4875: 4864:from the original on 2022-03-14 4841: 4785:from the original on 2023-03-17 4656: 4605: 4554:from the original on 2022-05-29 4502: 4442: 4433: 4412: 4399: 4388:from the original on 2023-03-17 4359: 4350: 4339: 4330: 4287: 4256:from the original on 2023-03-17 4206:from the original on 2023-03-17 4135:from the original on 2023-03-17 4077:from the original on 2023-03-17 4063:. JHU Press. pp. 236–246. 3493: 3252: 3128:Poles (partially exterminated), 3068:1,790 Cal (7,500 kJ) 3060:2,310 Cal (9,700 kJ) 3030: 2473:Generalbebauungsplan von Krakau 2399:in Cracow was used by Germans. 2338:"Tylko świnie / siedzą w kinie" 1985:Some 3,000 men served with the 1709:and became subordinated to the 1453:a western group comprising the 1351:underground resistance activity 1307:after the start (June 1941) of 9552:1939 establishments in Ukraine 9527:History of Ukraine (1918–1991) 8732:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118 8708:36th Estonian Police Battalion 5896:Mędykowski, Witold W. (2018). 5777:– via Internet Archive. 4497:Himmler's Raumplanung im Osten 4267: 4236:Liulevicius, Vejas G. (2000). 4229: 4218: 4146: 3654: 3218: 2062:(includes German forces only) 1951:they included also the Soviet 1941:were made up of ethnic German 1669:The General Government had no 1626:of the General Government (SS- 928:Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland 831:Kingdom of Poland of 1916–1918 582:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 149:(12 October – 4 November 1939) 117:The General Government in 1942 32:General Governorate of Belgium 13: 1: 9542:1939 establishments in Poland 9399:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes 9229:Human medical experimentation 6924:Serbia (Council of Ministers) 5854:Mędykowski, Witold Wojciech. 5841: 4317:Hitler's Table Talk 1941-1944 3914:Areas annexed by Nazi Germany 3886:A mass execution of Poles in 3819:Polish civilians murdered by 3741:Announcement by the Chief of 3729:The Warsaw Ghetto (1940-1943) 3269: 3084:654 Cal (2,740 kJ) 3076:930 Cal (3,900 kJ) 2950:), Lemberg-Land, Rawa-Ruska ( 1863:(native German) composed of: 1855:(Polish under German control) 1803:sexually-transmitted diseases 1339:formerly Austrian territories 1142:must become as German as the 1072:. On October 1, 1946, he was 827:Military Government of Lublin 6697:Army Group Rear Area Command 6004:Administrative divisions in 5133:"Hitlerowskie wizje Krakowa" 4121:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 216. 4018: 3581:Generaldirektion der Ostbahn 3567:(PKP) were being managed by 3527:Nazi extermination camps in 3468:Secret Teaching Organization 3457: 3413:district on 25 November 1941 3149: 2040: 1275:In November 1940, Gauleiter 879:, all areas occupied by the 809:Generalgouvernement Warschau 770:, which is a borrowing from 600:, with the exception of the 570:Invasion of the Soviet Union 40:Government General of Warsaw 7: 9434:Righteous Among the Nations 9321:Ministry of Public Security 8700:Belarusian Auxiliary Police 7310:Related articles by country 7079:Belgium and Northern France 6702:Belgium and Northern France 4689:. Wallstein Verlag: 57–58. 4422:, Oxford University Press, 4405:Madajczyk, Czesław (1988). 3907: 3633:Majdanek concentration camp 3092:184 Cal (770 kJ) 2591: 2378: 2201:(FAVuP), since Spring 1941 1889:the pacification operations 1834: 1722:The Germans sought to play 1512:the eastern group with the 1422:a "Ukrainian" one, and the 10: 9578: 9346:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials 8728:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police 6581:Civil Administration Areas 6186:Southern Hanover–Brunswick 5902:. Jews of Poland. Boston: 5590:Gross, Jan Tomasz (1979). 5527:Gross, Jan Tomasz (1979). 5445:10.1163/156916103770866130 5394:10.1163/156916103770866130 5352:Gross, Jan Tomasz (1979). 4758:David Bankir, ed. (2006). 4418:Catherine Epstein (2012), 4372:Cambridge University Press 4366:Burleigh, Michael (1988). 3699: 3637:Sobibor extermination camp 3599: 3516: 3488:National Library of Poland 3461: 3382:Polish government in exile 3339: 3153: 2497: 2385:Theater der Stadt Warschau 2321: 2259:Polish language newspapers 2104:attack on Soviet positions 2034:Military occupation forces 1969:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police 1829:German Reconstruction Plan 1752:After the war, the Polish 1675:Polish government-in-exile 1565:Amt des Generalgouverneurs 1544: 1524:and the Lublin district), 1087: 852: 829:alongside the short-lived 29: 9432: 9389: 9359: 9338: 9329: 9286: 9250: 9201: 9181: 9142: 9119:Sobibor perpetrator album 9076: 9067: 9002: 8971: 8964: 8878: 8837: 8786: 8750: 8704:Estonian Auxiliary Police 8686: 8630: 8605: 8469: 8462: 8363: 8307: 8249: 8191: 8020: 7874: 7867: 7831: 7814:Human medical experiments 7796: 7658: 7616: 7555: 7488: 7436: 7427: 7391: 7387: 7298: 7230: 7189: 7182: 7147: 7107: 7071: 7058: 7038: 6952: 6796: 6789: 6761: 6687: 6667: 6642: 6579: 6568: 6534: 6467: 6451:North Brabant and Limburg 6446:South Holland and Zeeland 6441:North Holland and Utrecht 6436:Gelderland and Overijssel 6421: 6350: 6298: 6259: 6229: 6026: 6013: 5713:Jerzy Wasilewski (2014). 4536:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 4530:Himka, John-Paul (1998). 3902:The Warsaw Uprising, 1944 3872:mass execution in Palmiry 3667:, he was found guilty of 3641:Belzec extermination camp 3591:readily available to the 3141:Jews (eventually largely 3052:Daily food energy intake 2891:), Tomaschow Mazowiecki ( 2301:Ilustrowany Kurier Polski 2203:Hauptabteilung Propaganda 2006:Forest Protection Service 1997:in the cities, as in the 1754:Supreme National Tribunal 1697: 1671:international recognition 1665:, Berlin 7 September 1939 1479:a central group with the 1177:, Berlin, 2 October 1940. 849:('Remainder of Poland'). 586:Third Partition of Poland 521: 480: 382: 368: 364: 354: 339: 324: 310: 300: 287: 283: 266: 262: 250: 238: 234: 226: 222: 210: 206: 198: 188: 163: 139: 122: 110: 76: 71: 49: 9512:Jewish Ukrainian history 9367:Auschwitz trial (Poland) 8712:Latvian Auxiliary Police 8445:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth 7947:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger 6689:Military administrations 6221:Württemberg-Hohenzollern 5719:Polskie Koleje Państwowe 5433:Central European History 5382:Central European History 4971:"Polish National Cinema" 4719:Browning, Christopher R. 3959: 3934:Gestapo-NKVD Conferences 3025:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger 2871:, Kielce-Land, Konskie ( 2494:Administrative districts 2397:Juliusz Słowacki Theatre 2367:apartment by the Polish 2333:Die Deutsche Wochenschau 1635:; from October 1943: SS- 1633:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger 1386:Hauptamt für Raumordnung 1169:from the meeting of Dr. 799:The Nazi designation of 552:in 1939 at the onset of 514:Generalne Gubernatorstwo 329:Poland declared restored 9517:The Holocaust in Poland 9502:Ukraine in World War II 9457:Garden of the Righteous 9209:Identification in camps 9202:Technical and logistics 8648:Order Police battalions 5831:Regional branch of the 4848:Frydel, Tomasz (2018). 4823:Benz, Wolfgang (1997). 4626:Christopher R. Browning 4483:Madajczyk, pp. 102-103. 3988:Haupttreuhandstelle Ost 3852:Portrait of a Young Man 3673:crimes against humanity 3589:network of death trains 3519:The Holocaust in Poland 3507:four district divisions 3446:Italian bases in their 2942:, Kamionka-Strumilowa ( 2550:Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact 2395:and 14 small ones. The 2369:Union of Armed Struggle 2217:Anti-semitic propaganda 1999:Mińsk Mazowiecki Ghetto 1601:'government'), 1070:crimes against humanity 1038:military administration 940:Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact 908:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 740: 719:Bank of Issue in Poland 9522:Poland in World War II 8870:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 8335:Heinrich Klaustermeyer 7060: 6790:Puppet administrations 6594:Carinthia and Carniola 6261: 6036: 6028: 6008:and German occupations 5904:Academic Studies Press 5575:Hilberg, Raul (2003). 5502:Mazower, Mark (2008). 5477:Mazower, Mark (2008). 5260:Włodzimierz Bonusiak. 4593:Cite journal requires 4495:Wasser, Bruno (1993). 3758:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 3539: 3435:Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski 3423:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 3414: 3365: 3205: 3196: 3186:Bank Emisyjny w Polsce 3099:Germans from Germany ( 2926:Kreishauptmannschaften 2859:Kreishauptmannschaften 2783:Kreishauptmannschaften 2702:Kreishauptmannschaften 2619:Kreishauptmannschaften 2589: 2581: 2567:Kreishauptmannschaften 2565:) and rural counties ( 2437: 2266:Nowy Kurier Warszawski 2252: 2226: 2205:(HAP). Prasą kierował 1848:(OrPo) (native German) 1776: 1691: 1681:. It was not a Polish 1667: 1650: 1614: 1591: 1572: 1564: 1556: 1385: 1376: 1314: 1294: 1242: 1233:Territorial dissection 1216: 1204: 1180: 1115: 1107: 1027: 997: 947: 930:, signed in Moscow by 872: 845: 807: 801: 784: 776: 766: 757: 747: 734: 727:Bank Emisyjny w Polsce 726: 709: 703:before their eventual 671: 645: 558:Second Polish Republic 533: 513: 505: 356:• Disintegration 55: 9507:Jewish Polish history 9409:Majdanek State Museum 8542:Karl-Friedrich Höcker 7446:Auschwitz II-Birkenau 6241:Reichsfestung Belgrad 5960:50.05472°N 19.93667°E 4303:Shoah Resource Center 4284:Majer (2003), p. 265. 4171:. Rodopi. p. 32. 4057:Diemut Majer (2003). 3565:Polish State Railways 3537:Provinz Oberschlesien 3526: 3408: 3360: 3194: 3154:Further information: 2587: 2575: 2432: 2389:Teatr Miasta Warszawy 2240: 2224: 1905:. On 6 May 1940 1771: 1652: 1648: 1359: 1240: 1160: 1113: 1105: 1088:Further information: 1012:was appointed as the 946:of September 28, 1939 925: 887:initially came under 860: 735:Emissionbank in Polen 572:, to include the new 556:. The newly occupied 302:• Establishment 164:Common languages 8886:Mordechai Anielewicz 8597:Elisabeth Volkenrath 8482:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann 8118:Arthur Liebehenschel 8043:Hermine Braunsteiner 7987:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 7243:Strength Through Joy 7202:Weather Station Kurt 6904:Norway (Quisling II) 6151:Munich–Upper Bavaria 6136:March of Brandenburg 4683:"Yad Vashem Studies" 4578:10.7939/r3-7x8g-9w02 3919:Chronicles of Terror 3677:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 3594:SS-Totenkopfverbände 3348:guerrilla operations 3302:improve this section 3134:(eventually largely 2881:Piotrków Trybunalski 2548:on the basis of the 2538:Operation Barbarossa 2273:Kurier Częstochowski 2233:Political propaganda 1949:Operation Barbarossa 1733:Ukrainian literature 1624:SS and Police Leader 1619:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 1343:German-Austrian rule 1328:Nazi Party Secretary 1309:Operation Barbarossa 1124:conversion of Berlin 913:this revised version 665:), Stanisławów (now 617:Operation Barbarossa 594:German Supreme Court 344:USSR captures Warsaw 272:Occupation of Poland 245:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 193:Civil administration 129:autonomous component 9424:March of the Living 9296:Holocaust survivors 9160:Vrba–Wetzler report 8936:Alexander Pechersky 8896:Mordechai Tenenbaum 8345:Alexander Palfinger 8168:Johann Schwarzhuber 7728:Międzyrzec Podlaski 7707:Lviv pogroms (1941) 7608:Sonderaktion Krakau 7062:Reichskommissariats 6894:Norway (Quisling I) 6824:Chechnya-Ingushetia 6484:Bohemia and Moravia 6469:Partial annexations 6280:Danzig–West Prussia 5956: / 5862:Generalgouvernement 5721:PKP. Archived from 5282:Majer (2003), p.303 5231:Rich (1974), p. 86. 4723:"Arrival in Poland" 4520:Majer (2003), p.302 4294:Generalgouvernement 3890:, December 18, 1939 3625:extermination camps 3576:Deutsche Reichsbahn 3573:, the Kraków-based 3475:Sonderaktion Krakau 3045: 2999:Deutschtumsdistrikt 2893:Tomaszów Mazowiecki 2654:, Sokolow-Wengrow ( 2047: 1919:, based on similar 1705:reorganised as the 1605:, who was also the 1192:secondary education 1140:Generalgouvernement 1034:Generalgouvernement 968:Danzig-West Prussia 885:Free City of Danzig 802:Generalgouvernement 778:Generaliteitslanden 767:Generalgouvernement 758:Generalgouvernement 710:Generalgouvernement 625:District of Galicia 578:Generalgouvernement 574:District of Galicia 522:Генеральна губернія 506:Generalgouvernement 227:Secretary for State 9482:General Government 9339:West German trials 9134:Wannsee Conference 8921:Itzhak Katzenelson 8673:General Government 8158:Franz Reichleitner 8088:Fritz Hartjenstein 8078:Maximilian Grabner 7997:Bruno Streckenbach 7809:Grossaktion Warsaw 7462:Operation Reinhard 6494:General Government 6171:Schleswig-Holstein 5965:50.05472; 19.93667 5878:General Government 5847:Kochanski, Halik. 5827:2015-09-24 at the 5725:on 8 February 2014 5094:2018-06-28 at the 5051:2018-06-27 at the 5033:2018-08-03 at the 4458:2016-03-04 at the 4299:2021-08-31 at the 4225:Hans Frank's Diary 4037:2023-03-17 at the 3823:troops during the 3784:Polish inmates of 3608:Operation Reinhard 3606:The newly drafted 3602:Operation Reinhard 3559:to implement the " 3544:Wannsee conference 3540: 3415: 3366: 3197: 3043: 3019:(Germany proper). 2705: 2590: 2582: 2508:). These were the 2438: 2253: 2227: 2041: 2018:torture centre in 1925:formations called 1913:, established the 1883:The most numerous 1860:Sicherheitspolizei 1777: 1651: 1459:Danzig-Westpreußen 1377: 1243: 1116: 1108: 1074:sentenced to death 1046:occupied territory 1042:invasion of Poland 1040:during the actual 948: 938:during the Second 873: 835:Russian-controlled 677:Stanisławów Ghetto 655:Lublin Reservation 598:stateless subjects 576:. The area of the 538:invasion of Poland 498:General Government 291:Invasion of Poland 36:Central government 18:General government 9469: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9385: 9384: 9246: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9197: 9196: 9189:Sonderaktion 1005 9063: 9062: 8746: 8745: 8724:Ypatingasis būrys 8626: 8625: 8567:Johanna Langefeld 8562:Hildegard Lächert 8458: 8457: 8294:Alfred Trzebinski 8259:Franz von Bodmann 8211:Lorenz Hackenholt 8053:Theodor van Eupen 7992:Jakob Sporrenberg 7827: 7826: 7551: 7550: 7258: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7178: 7177: 7148:Other occupations 7143: 7142: 7054: 7053: 6769:Adriatic Littoral 6762:Operational Zones 6683: 6682: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6530: 6529: 6463: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6346: 6345: 6255: 6254: 5065:"Execution Sites" 3482:Culture of Poland 3352:Henryk Dobrzański 3338: 3337: 3330: 3096: 3095: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2903:Distrikt Galizien 2849:, Tschenstochau ( 2688: 2662:), Warschau-Land 2640:Ostrów Mazowiecka 2597:Distrikt Warschau 2555:Distrikt Galizien 2450:and Police Leader 2425:Public executions 2287:Dziennik Radomski 2190: 2189: 1931:operating in the 1903:Reinhard Heydrich 1700:) rather than in 1683:puppet government 1637:Obergruppenführer 1629:Obergruppenführer 1600: 1557:Generalgouverneur 1514:Gau Südostpreußen 1303:and the Southern 1178: 817:territory by the 564:in the west, and 554:World War II 494: 493: 476: 475: 472: 471: 438: 437: 252:• 1940–1945 240:• 1939–1940 212:• 1939–1945 172: 158: 150: 16:(Redirected from 9569: 9351:Treblinka trials 9336: 9335: 9275: 9268: 9261: 9252: 9251: 9150:Graebe affidavit 9143:Witness accounts 9089:Frank memorandum 9074: 9073: 8969: 8968: 8956:Szmul Zygielbojm 8946:Frumka Płotnicka 8906:Leon Feldhendler 8891:Icchak Cukierman 8845:Ghetto uprisings 8775: 8768: 8761: 8752: 8751: 8696:Schutzmannschaft 8517:Feodor Fedorenko 8467: 8466: 8375:Wolfgang Birkner 8163:Heinrich Schwarz 8153:Josef Oberhauser 8128:Heinrich Matthes 8012:Dieter Wisliceny 8002:Richard Thomalla 7977:Heinz Reinefarth 7927:Heinrich Himmler 7872: 7871: 7856: 7849: 7842: 7833: 7832: 7797:Other atrocities 7434: 7433: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7285: 7278: 7271: 7262: 7261: 7187: 7186: 7069: 7068: 7065: 6794: 6793: 6781:Alpine Foothills 6649: 6648: 6599:Gebiet Bialystok 6577: 6576: 6490: 6489: 6474: 6473: 6419: 6418: 6333:Tyrol–Vorarlberg 6296: 6295: 6270: 6269: 6266: 6211:Westphalia-South 6206:Westphalia-North 6126:Magdeburg-Anhalt 6046: 6045: 6041: 6033: 6024: 6023: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5952: 5949: 5938: 5937: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5922: 5916:. Archived from 5836: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5754: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5549: 5543: 5542: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5474: 5465: 5464: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5377: 5368: 5367: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5326: 5320: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5295:. Archived from 5289: 5283: 5280: 5274: 5271: 5265: 5258: 5252: 5238: 5232: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5104: 5098: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5061: 5055: 5043: 5037: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5008: 5001: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4973:. Archived from 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4944:. Archived from 4938: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4919:. Archived from 4913: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4903: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4869: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4807: 4803: 4801: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4770: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4738: 4727: 4715: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4678: 4669: 4662:Hillberg, Raul, 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4622: 4616: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4596: 4591: 4589: 4581: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4509: 4506: 4500: 4493: 4484: 4481: 4462: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4431: 4416: 4410: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4348: 4343: 4337: 4334: 4328: 4313: 4304: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4276: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4261: 4233: 4227: 4222: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4164: 4153: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4093: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4054: 4041: 4028: 3999:, or the German 3983:Heinrich Himmler 3969: 3899: 3883: 3867: 3848: 3836: 3816: 3801: 3781: 3770:Heinrich Himmler 3754: 3738: 3726: 3713:The wall of the 3710: 3665:Nuremberg trials 3549:SS-Brigadeführer 3421:, provoking the 3380:), loyal to the 3333: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3282: 3274: 3046: 3042: 2995:Lutz von Krosigk 2985: 2887:, Starachowitz ( 2787:Biala-Podlaska ( 2722:), Krakau-Land, 2707: 2706: 2686: 2684:kreisfreie Stadt 2656:Sokołów Podlaski 2636:Mińsk Mazowiecki 2592: 2481:Dębniki (Kraków) 2466:Piłsudski Square 2403:Audio propaganda 2294:Goniec Codzienny 2280:Goniec Krakowski 2048: 2028:sting operations 1953:prisoners of war 1824:) when requested 1738:Krakivs'ki Visti 1699: 1694: 1595: 1436:Eastern European 1388: 1372:, Ernst Zörner, 1317: 1297: 1219: 1207: 1164: 1062:Nuremberg Trials 1030: 1014:governor-general 1000: 877:attack on Poland 875:After Germany's 848: 823:Austro-Hungarian 812: 804: 787: 781: 769: 760: 750: 712: 674: 661:(see history of 648: 524:), formally the 523: 468: 467: 454: 453: 442: 441: 425: 424: 407: 406: 400: 399: 384: 383: 346: 331: 296:1 September 1939 274: 199:Governor-General 170: 159: 156: 148: 135: 127:Administratively 115: 98: 84: 66: 58: 47: 46: 21: 9577: 9576: 9572: 9571: 9570: 9568: 9567: 9566: 9472: 9471: 9470: 9461: 9428: 9381: 9372:Stutthof trials 9355: 9325: 9282: 9279: 9238: 9224:Holocaust train 9193: 9177: 9165:Witold's Report 9155:Gerstein Report 9138: 9104:Katzmann Report 9084:Auschwitz Album 9059: 8998: 8960: 8926:Michał Klepfisz 8874: 8833: 8782: 8779: 8742: 8682: 8652:Ordnungspolizei 8622: 8601: 8582:Erich Muhsfeldt 8512:Margot Dreschel 8497:Alexander Bülow 8454: 8450:Udo von Woyrsch 8440:Hermann Schaper 8435:Emanuel Schäfer 8420:Josef Meisinger 8380:Helmut Bischoff 8359: 8315:Heinz Auerswald 8303: 8245: 8193: 8187: 8183:Christian Wirth 8093:Gottlieb Hering 8016: 7982:Julian Scherner 7967:Georg Michalsen 7952:Franz Kutschera 7912:Odilo Globocnik 7863: 7860: 7823: 7792: 7654: 7612: 7593:Kielce cemetery 7547: 7484: 7423: 7420: 7383: 7294: 7289: 7259: 7250: 7246:holiday resorts 7226: 7174: 7139: 7103: 7050: 7034: 6948: 6785: 6757: 6679: 6663: 6638: 6571: 6556: 6526: 6488: 6455: 6417: 6342: 6294: 6251: 6225: 6106:Halle-Merseburg 6091:Electoral Hesse 6081:Eastern Hanover 6018: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5955: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5942: 5932: 5926: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5892: 5890:Further reading 5844: 5839: 5829:Wayback Machine 5819: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5767: 5742: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5711: 5707: 5698: 5696: 5682: 5678: 5669: 5667: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5638: 5634: 5625: 5623: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5588: 5584: 5573: 5569: 5550: 5546: 5539: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5475: 5468: 5429: 5425: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5350: 5346: 5327: 5323: 5315: 5311: 5302: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5268: 5259: 5255: 5239: 5235: 5230: 5226: 5217: 5215: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5192: 5190: 5181: 5180: 5176: 5167: 5165: 5156: 5155: 5151: 5142: 5140: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5117: 5115: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5096:Wayback Machine 5087: 5083: 5074: 5072: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5053:Wayback Machine 5044: 5040: 5035:Wayback Machine 5026: 5022: 5012: 5010: 5006: 4999: 4993: 4989: 4980: 4978: 4964: 4960: 4951: 4949: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4926: 4924: 4915: 4914: 4910: 4901: 4899: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4876: 4867: 4865: 4846: 4842: 4835: 4827:. Klett-Cotta. 4821: 4817: 4805: 4804: 4795: 4794: 4788: 4786: 4779: 4768: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4725: 4716: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4679: 4672: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4623: 4619: 4610: 4606: 4594: 4592: 4583: 4582: 4570: 4566: 4557: 4555: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4512: 4507: 4503: 4494: 4487: 4482: 4465: 4460:Wayback Machine 4447: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4417: 4413: 4404: 4400: 4391: 4389: 4382: 4374:. p. 142. 4364: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4340: 4335: 4331: 4314: 4307: 4301:Wayback Machine 4292: 4288: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4268: 4259: 4257: 4250: 4234: 4230: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4200: 4180: 4176: 4165: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4138: 4136: 4129: 4113: 4109: 4097: 4096: 4087: 4086: 4080: 4078: 4071: 4055: 4044: 4039:Wayback Machine 4029: 4025: 4021: 4008:Reichsmarschall 3993:occupied Poland 3980:Reichsführer-SS 3962: 3910: 3903: 3900: 3891: 3884: 3875: 3868: 3859: 3849: 3840: 3837: 3828: 3825:Warsaw Uprising 3817: 3808: 3805:Warsaw Uprising 3802: 3793: 3782: 3773: 3755: 3746: 3739: 3730: 3727: 3718: 3711: 3702: 3657: 3604: 3587:). This made a 3529:occupied Poland 3521: 3515: 3496: 3484: 3470: 3462:Main articles: 3460: 3437:, launched the 3427:Warsaw Uprising 3400:Zamość uprising 3344: 3334: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3299: 3283: 3272: 3255: 3221: 3162: 3152: 3145:as a category). 3138:as a category), 3033: 3004:Generalplan Ost 2956:Ivano-Frankivsk 2934:), Tschortkau ( 2883:), Radom-Land, 2811:, Lublin-Land, 2799:), Grubeschow ( 2762:Distrikt Lublin 2734:), Neu-Sandez ( 2704: 2700: 2682: 2670:Distrikt Krakau 2502: 2496: 2458: 2443:Franz Kutschera 2427: 2405: 2381: 2348:propaganda film 2324: 2261: 2243:Polish-language 2235: 2219: 2209:, a w Berlinie 2195: 2193:Nazi propaganda 2178:Warsaw Uprising 2173:September 1944 2036: 2016:Under the Clock 1980:Ordnungspolizei 1885:OrPo battalions 1868:Kriminalpolizei 1845:Ordnungspolizei 1837: 1809:prisoner of war 1766: 1764:Judicial system 1743:Michael Chomiak 1712:Ordnungspolizei 1607:State Secretary 1549: 1543: 1374:Richard Wendler 1280:final victory. 1247:already annexed 1235: 1100: 1090:Generalplan Ost 1086: 1054:Warsaw Uprising 992:mass expulsions 944:Frontier Treaty 855: 838:parts of Poland 794:Estates-General 743: 667:Ivano-Frankivsk 663:Tarnopol Ghetto 629:Western Ukraine 487: 465: 451: 432: 422: 414: 404: 375: 360:19 January 1945 357: 350:17 January 1945 347: 342: 332: 327: 317: 306:26 October 1939 303: 293: 275: 270: 253: 241: 213: 173: 155: 151: 147: 143: 130: 128: 126: 118: 106: 105: 104: 99: 91: 90: 85: 67: 60: 52: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9575: 9565: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9467: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9438: 9436: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9414:Sobibór Museum 9411: 9406: 9401: 9395: 9393: 9387: 9386: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9363: 9361: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9348: 9342: 9340: 9333: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9292: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9278: 9277: 9270: 9263: 9255: 9248: 9247: 9244: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9205: 9203: 9199: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9191: 9185: 9183: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9171:Sonderkommando 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9146: 9144: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9114:Posen speeches 9111: 9109:Korherr Report 9106: 9101: 9099:Höfle telegram 9096: 9091: 9086: 9080: 9078: 9071: 9065: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9006: 9004: 9000: 8999: 8997: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8975: 8973: 8966: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8941:Witold Pilecki 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8916:Henryk Iwański 8913: 8911:Paweł Frenkiel 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8882: 8880: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8841: 8839: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8790: 8788: 8784: 8783: 8778: 8777: 8770: 8763: 8755: 8748: 8747: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8716:Arajs Kommando 8692: 8690: 8684: 8683: 8681: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8645: 8638:Einsatzgruppen 8634: 8632: 8628: 8627: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8620: 8615: 8609: 8607: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8592:Alice Orlowski 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8507:John Demjanjuk 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8473: 8471: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8405:Gerhard Flesch 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8371: 8369: 8366:Einsatzgruppen 8361: 8360: 8358: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8311: 8309: 8308:Ghetto command 8305: 8304: 8302: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8289:Horst Schumann 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8255: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8197: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8148:Johann Niemann 8145: 8140: 8135: 8133:Hermann Michel 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8108:Karl-Otto Koch 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8048:Irmfried Eberl 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8024: 8022: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7937:Fritz Katzmann 7934: 7929: 7924: 7922:Arthur Greiser 7919: 7917:Richard Glücks 7914: 7909: 7904: 7902:Ludwig Fischer 7899: 7894: 7892:Adolf Eichmann 7889: 7884: 7878: 7876: 7869: 7865: 7864: 7859: 7858: 7851: 7844: 7836: 7829: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7800: 7798: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7664: 7662: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7620: 7618: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7557: 7556:Mass shootings 7553: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7543:Danzig-Matzkau 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7508:Kraków-Płaszów 7505: 7500: 7494: 7492: 7486: 7485: 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6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6131:Main Franconia 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6071:Cologne–Aachen 6068: 6063: 6058: 6052: 6050: 6043: 6021: 6015:Administrative 6011: 6010: 6001: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5978: 5940: 5939: 5912: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5859: 5852: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5813: 5783: 5765: 5736: 5705: 5685:Adolf Eichmann 5676: 5662:. 2015-12-27. 5651: 5642:Lech Kaczyński 5632: 5607: 5600: 5582: 5567: 5544: 5537: 5519: 5512: 5494: 5487: 5466: 5423: 5369: 5362: 5344: 5321: 5309: 5284: 5275: 5266: 5253: 5233: 5224: 5199: 5185:. 2017-04-13. 5174: 5149: 5124: 5110:. 2019-04-17. 5099: 5081: 5056: 5038: 5020: 4987: 4958: 4933: 4908: 4883: 4874: 4840: 4833: 4815: 4777: 4769:(Google Books) 4765:Peter R. Black 4750: 4707: 4670: 4655: 4644:. Google eBook 4641:978-0803203921 4640: 4628:(1 May 2007). 4617: 4604: 4595:|journal= 4564: 4522: 4510: 4501: 4485: 4463: 4441: 4432: 4411: 4398: 4380: 4358: 4349: 4338: 4329: 4305: 4286: 4277: 4266: 4248: 4228: 4217: 4198: 4174: 4154: 4145: 4127: 4107: 4069: 4042: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4012:Hermann Göring 3961: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3901: 3894: 3892: 3885: 3878: 3876: 3869: 3862: 3860: 3850: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3831: 3829: 3818: 3811: 3809: 3803: 3796: 3794: 3783: 3776: 3774: 3756: 3749: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3721: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3690: 3687:Ludwig Fischer 3684: 3656: 3653: 3647:of undesired " 3600:Main article: 3579:branch of the 3561:Final Solution 3517:Main article: 3514: 3511: 3495: 3492: 3483: 3480: 3459: 3456: 3448:Warsaw airlift 3340:Main article: 3336: 3335: 3286: 3284: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3254: 3251: 3242:Marshal Petain 3220: 3217: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3146: 3139: 3129: 3126: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3104: 3094: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3032: 3029: 3013:Martin Bormann 3009:Stadtdistrikte 2989: 2988: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2970:, Solotschiw ( 2954:), Stanislau ( 2944:Kamianka-Buzka 2928: 2922: 2921: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2897: 2896: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2830:Distrikt Radom 2825: 2824: 2805:Janow Lubelski 2789:Biała Podlaska 2785: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2756: 2755: 2708: 2697: 2696: 2689: 2675: 2674: 2664: 2663: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2495: 2492: 2485:Park Krakowski 2457: 2454: 2434:Ujazdów Avenue 2426: 2423: 2404: 2401: 2380: 2377: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2311: 2308:Gazeta Lwowska 2304: 2297: 2290: 2283: 2276: 2269: 2260: 2257: 2234: 2231: 2218: 2215: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2145:November 1943 2142: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2117:February 1942 2114: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2060:Police and SS 2058: 2052: 2035: 2032: 1965:Final Solution 1961:Trawnikimänner 1894:Einsatzgruppen 1881: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1872: 1856: 1849: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1825: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1805: 1799: 1796: 1765: 1762: 1679:colonial state 1615:Staatssekretär 1583:led by Frank. 1545:Main article: 1542: 1541:Administration 1539: 1538: 1537: 1510: 1477: 1432:Central Europe 1380:Ludwig Fischer 1362:Ludwig Fischer 1331:Martin Bormann 1277:Arthur Greiser 1234: 1231: 1167:Martin Bormann 1085: 1082: 883:including the 854: 851: 815:Russian Empire 742: 739: 693:Sambor Ghettos 602:ethnic Germans 492: 491: 482: 478: 477: 474: 473: 470: 469: 462: 456: 455: 448: 439: 436: 435: 426: 418: 417: 408: 396: 395: 390: 380: 379: 370: 366: 365: 362: 361: 358: 355: 352: 351: 348: 340: 337: 336: 333: 325: 322: 321: 318: 311: 308: 307: 304: 301: 298: 297: 294: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 268: 267:Historical era 264: 263: 260: 259: 254: 251: 248: 247: 242: 239: 236: 235: 232: 231: 228: 224: 223: 220: 219: 214: 211: 208: 207: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 165: 161: 160: 141: 137: 136: 124: 120: 119: 116: 108: 107: 100: 93: 92: 86: 79: 78: 77: 74: 73: 69: 68: 53: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9574: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9479: 9477: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9447: 9443: 9440: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9431: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9388: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9358: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9311:Kielce pogrom 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9289: 9285: 9276: 9271: 9269: 9264: 9262: 9257: 9256: 9253: 9249: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9206: 9204: 9200: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9172: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9141: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9129:Stroop Report 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9081: 9079: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9069:Documentation 9066: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8970: 8967: 8963: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8901:Marek Edelman 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8877: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8836: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8787:Organizations 8785: 8776: 8771: 8769: 8764: 8762: 8757: 8756: 8753: 8749: 8739: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8689: 8688:Collaboration 8685: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8653: 8649: 8646: 8643: 8639: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8631:Organizations 8629: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8604: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8577:Eduard Lorenz 8575: 8573: 8572:Anton Lechner 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8557:Josef Kollmer 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8527:Kurt Gerstein 8525: 8523: 8522:Hans Hoffmann 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8492:Juana Bormann 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8468: 8465: 8461: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8430:Erich Naumann 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8385:Lothar Beutel 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8362: 8356: 8355:Jürgen Stroop 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8325:Josef Blösche 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8306: 8300: 8299:Eduard Wirths 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8284:Josef Mengele 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8274:Horst Fischer 8272: 8270: 8269:Karl Gebhardt 8267: 8265: 8264:Carl Clauberg 8262: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8248: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8236:Ludwig Plagge 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8226:Herbert Lange 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8206:Kurt Bolender 8204: 8202: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8190: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8178:Gustav Wagner 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8103:Franz Hössler 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8068:Karl Fritzsch 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8038:Wilhelm Boger 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8019: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7957:Erwin Lambert 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7942:Wilhelm Koppe 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7932:Hermann Höfle 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7897:Theodor Eicke 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7857: 7852: 7850: 7845: 7843: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7830: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7598:Aktion Krakau 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7568:Bloody Sunday 7566: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7490:Concentration 7487: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7464: 7463: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7438:Extermination 7435: 7432: 7430: 7426: 7417: 7412: 7410: 7405: 7403: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7306:The Holocaust 7304: 7301: 7300: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7281: 7279: 7274: 7272: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7247: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7229: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7106: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7057: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7005:Russia (KONR) 7003: 7001: 7000:Russia (ODNR) 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6788: 6782: 6779: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6720:zone réservée 6717: 6716:Atlantic Wall 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6666: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6567: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6542:Burgundy (SS) 6540: 6539: 6537: 6533: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6466: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6349: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6258: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6196:Upper Silesia 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6121:Lower Silesia 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6032: 6031: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6012: 6007: 5999: 5994: 5992: 5987: 5985: 5980: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5936: 5923:on 2019-02-01 5919: 5915: 5913:9781618119568 5909: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5846: 5845: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5787: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5762: 5758: 5753: 5752: 5746: 5745:Arad, Yitzhak 5740: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5709: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5636: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5603: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5578: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5548: 5540: 5534: 5530: 5523: 5515: 5513:9780713996814 5509: 5505: 5498: 5490: 5488:9780713996814 5484: 5480: 5473: 5471: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5376: 5374: 5365: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5299:on 2016-08-06 5298: 5294: 5288: 5279: 5270: 5263: 5257: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5237: 5228: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5188: 5184: 5178: 5163: 5159: 5158:"Wyborcza.pl" 5153: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5113: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5085: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5024: 5005: 5002:(in Polish). 4998: 4991: 4977:on 2018-05-24 4976: 4972: 4968: 4962: 4948:on 2018-06-18 4947: 4943: 4937: 4923:on 2018-05-24 4922: 4918: 4912: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4878: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4853: 4844: 4836: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4799: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4754: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4712: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4677: 4675: 4667: 4666: 4659: 4643: 4637: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4608: 4600: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4517: 4515: 4505: 4498: 4492: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4445: 4436: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4408: 4402: 4387: 4383: 4381:9780521351201 4377: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4353: 4347: 4342: 4333: 4326: 4325:1-929631-05-7 4322: 4318: 4312: 4310: 4302: 4298: 4295: 4290: 4281: 4275: 4270: 4255: 4251: 4249:9781139426640 4245: 4241: 4240: 4232: 4226: 4221: 4205: 4201: 4199:9788362453009 4195: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4178: 4170: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4149: 4134: 4130: 4128:9780765606655 4124: 4120: 4119: 4111: 4103: 4091: 4076: 4072: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4030:Diemut 2003, 4027: 4023: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4004: 4003: 4002:Volksdeutsche 3998: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3847: 3842: 3835: 3830: 3827:, August 1944 3826: 3822: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3766:Jürgen Stroop 3763: 3759: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3737: 3732: 3725: 3720: 3716: 3715:Warsaw Ghetto 3709: 3704: 3703: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3629:the Holocaust 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3513:The Holocaust 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3491: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3439:Warsaw Rising 3436: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3419:Warsaw Ghetto 3412: 3407: 3403: 3401: 3396: 3394: 3393:(Armia Ludowa 3391: 3390:People's Army 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3374:Armia Krajowa 3371: 3364: 3359: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3343: 3332: 3329: 3321: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3287:This section 3285: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3267: 3265: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3238:barter system 3235: 3230: 3227: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3144: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3132:Romani people 3130: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3119:Highlanders ( 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3108:Volksdeutsche 3105: 3102: 3101:Reichdeutsche 3098: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3021:Wilhelm Frick 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2984: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2974:), Kallusch ( 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2879:), Petrikau ( 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2742:, Reichshof ( 2741: 2737: 2733: 2730:), Neumarkt ( 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2714:), Jaroslau ( 2713: 2709: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2630:), Lowitsch ( 2629: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2546:Ukrainian SSR 2543: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2444: 2435: 2431: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2393:Teatr Komedia 2390: 2386: 2376: 2374: 2373:collaboration 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2275: 2274: 2270: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2230: 2223: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2071:October 1939 2070: 2069: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2031: 2029: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1945: 1944:Volksdeutsche 1940: 1936: 1935: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1923: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1790: 1789:death penalty 1786: 1781: 1775: 1770: 1761: 1760:institution. 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1695: 1693: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1658:Brigadefuhrer 1647: 1643: 1641: 1640:Wilhelm Koppe 1638: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1548: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1500:Litzmannstadt 1497: 1496:South Prussia 1493: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1381: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1296: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1251: 1248: 1239: 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503: 499: 490: 486: 483: 481:Today part of 479: 463: 461: 460:Ukrainian SSR 458: 457: 449: 447: 444: 443: 440: 434: 433:Ukrainian SSR 431: 427: 420: 419: 416: 413: 409: 402: 401: 398: 397: 394: 391: 389: 386: 385: 381: 378: 374: 371: 367: 363: 359: 353: 349: 345: 338: 334: 330: 323: 320:1 August 1941 319: 315: 309: 305: 299: 295: 292: 286: 282: 279: 273: 269: 265: 261: 258: 255: 249: 246: 243: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 218: 215: 209: 205: 201: 197: 194: 191: 187: 184: 180: 176: 169: 166: 162: 154: 146: 145:Litzmannstadt 142: 138: 134: 125: 121: 114: 109: 103: 97: 89: 83: 75: 70: 64: 57: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 9170: 9094:Höcker Album 9077:Nazi sources 8965:Victim lists 8931:Miles Lerman 8738:Trawniki men 8678:Hotel Polski 8672: 8587:Detlef Nebbe 8552:Oswald Kaduk 8547:Karl Jeschke 8425:Bruno Müller 8415:Felix Landau 8400:Ernst Damzog 8395:Karl Brunner 8364: 8340:Franz Konrad 8241:Adolf Theuer 8194:executioners 8173:Franz Stangl 8143:Robert Mulka 8113:Josef Kramer 8063:Karl Frenzel 8033:Richard Baer 8028:Hans Aumeier 8021:Camp command 8007:Otto Wächter 7887:Josef Bühler 7882:Viktor Brack 7868:Perpetrators 7460: 7302:Main article 7207:Schatzgräber 6629:West Prussia 6609:Lower Styria 6547:Holland (SS) 6493: 6318:Upper Danube 6313:Lower Danube 6116:Hesse-Nassau 6086:East Prussia 6056:Baden-Alsace 6019:Nazi Germany 6017:divisions of 6006:Nazi Germany 5941: 5925:. 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Retrieved 4539: 4535: 4525: 4504: 4496: 4449: 4444: 4439:Rich, p. 89. 4435: 4419: 4414: 4406: 4401: 4390:. Retrieved 4361: 4352: 4341: 4332: 4316: 4289: 4280: 4273: 4269: 4258:. Retrieved 4238: 4231: 4220: 4208:. Retrieved 4189: 4184: 4177: 4168: 4148: 4137:. Retrieved 4117: 4110: 4079:. Retrieved 4059: 4026: 4006: 4000: 3986: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3954:West Galicia 3681:Josef Bühler 3605: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3553:Josef Bühler 3547: 3541: 3536: 3497: 3494:German sport 3485: 3473: 3471: 3431: 3416: 3397: 3392: 3377: 3373: 3372:(in Polish: 3367: 3361:Flag of the 3345: 3324: 3315: 3300:Please help 3288: 3259:black market 3256: 3253:Black market 3234:black market 3231: 3222: 3214: 3198: 3167: 3163: 3143:exterminated 3136:exterminated 3120: 3100: 3049:Nationality 3038: 3034: 3031:Demographics 3016: 3008: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2946:), Kolomea ( 2925: 2911: 2901: 2900: 2889:Starachowice 2858: 2837: 2829: 2828: 2782: 2770: 2760: 2759: 2701: 2687:(since 1940) 2683: 2678: 2668: 2667: 2648:Skierniewice 2618: 2604: 2596: 2595: 2566: 2562: 2560: 2554: 2536:. After the 2530: 2523: 2516: 2509: 2505: 2503: 2489: 2477:Wawel Castle 2472: 2470: 2459: 2447: 2439: 2421:"to bark"). 2418: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2356: 2350: 2342: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2313: 2306: 2299: 2292: 2285: 2278: 2271: 2264: 2254: 2246: 2228: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2061: 2051:Time period 2043: 2037: 2024: 2013: 2010: 2003: 1991:Sonderdienst 1990: 1987:Sonderdienst 1986: 1984: 1973: 1960: 1957:Trawniki men 1942: 1939:Sonderdienst 1938: 1933: 1928:Selbstschutz 1926: 1920: 1916:Sonderdienst 1914: 1906: 1892: 1882: 1866: 1858: 1843: 1838: 1785:criminal law 1782: 1778: 1773: 1751: 1747: 1736: 1729: 1721: 1710: 1689: 1687: 1668: 1656: 1653: 1636: 1627: 1603:Josef Bühler 1585: 1580: 1550: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1513: 1508:Beskidenland 1507: 1499: 1491: 1488:East Prussia 1483: 1480: 1469: 1463: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1423: 1419: 1416:Weichselland 1415: 1403: 1402:Land"), and 1396:Weichselland 1395: 1391: 1383: 1378: 1370:Otto Wächter 1325: 1319:(Gau of the 1312: 1292: 1282: 1274: 1257:Beskidenland 1254: 1252: 1244: 1214: 1205:Himmlerstadt 1202: 1196: 1181: 1175:Adolf Hitler 1161: 1139: 1117: 1050: 1033: 1025: 1023: 1008: 995: 952:German Reich 949: 905: 893:East Prussia 874: 842: 825:-controlled 798: 785:gouvernement 763: 744: 714: 697: 639:, Lwów (now 621:East Galicia 610: 606:Nazi Germany 590: 577: 550:Soviet Union 542:Nazi Germany 525: 497: 495: 429: 411: 393:Succeeded by 392: 387: 335:22 July 1944 278:World War II 257:Josef Bühler 44: 9214:Gas chamber 9182:Concealment 9173:photographs 9020:Gross-Rosen 8989:Lviv (Lwów) 8951:Roza Robota 8855:Częstochowa 8487:Herta Bothe 8477:Hans Anhalt 8470:Camp guards 8410:Ludwig Hahn 8390:Paul Blobel 8330:Franz Bürkl 8320:Hans Biebow 8279:Fritz Klein 8216:Josef Klehr 8201:Erich Bauer 8192:Gas chamber 8138:Karl Möckel 8123:Maria Mandl 8098:Rudolf Höss 8083:Otto Hantke 7972:Oswald Pohl 7962:Ernst Lerch 7773:Stanisławów 7683:Częstochowa 7573:Bronna Góra 7503:Gross-Rosen 7498:Auschwitz I 7084:Netherlands 6884:Netherlands 6624:Sudetenland 6572:occupations 6408:Vistulaland 6285:Sudetenland 6237:Prinz-Eugen 6141:Mecklenburg 5963: / 5775:0253213053 5250:pp. 158-159 4806:|work= 4542:: 251–261. 4098:|work= 3924:Ernst Lerch 3693:Ernst Kundt 3655:Punishments 3555:encouraged 3542:During the 3386:Polish Army 3219:Food supply 3122:Goralenvolk 3116:Ukrainians, 3073:Ukrainians 3065:Foreigners 2958:), Sambor ( 2912:Stadtkreise 2875:), Opatau ( 2865:Busko-Zdrój 2851:Częstochowa 2838:Stadtkreise 2771:Stadtkreise 2718:), Jassel ( 2638:), Ostrau ( 2605:Stadtkreise 2563:Stadtkreise 2412:szczekaczki 2345:anti-Polish 2326:Propaganda 2159:April 1944 2131:April 1943 2085:April 1940 1976:Blue Police 1959:" (German: 1853:Blue Police 1707:Blue Police 1696:; English: 1663:Werner Best 1315:Vandalengau 1156:master race 956:large parts 881:German army 790:governorate 388:Preceded by 9476:Categories 8537:Irma Grese 8532:Paul Götze 8502:Luise Danz 8251:Physicians 8058:Kurt Franz 7907:Hans Frank 7875:Organizers 7819:Heidelager 7217:Bassgeiger 7197:New Swabia 7165:San Marino 6990:Montenegro 6914:Montenegro 6736:Luxembourg 6614:Luxembourg 6398:Vandalland 6363:Beskidland 6290:Wartheland 6263:Reichsgaus 6076:Düsseldorf 5951:19°56′12″E 5948:50°03′17″N 5927:2019-02-01 5866:Yad Vashem 5842:References 5766:0253213053 5729:8 February 5699:2009-01-05 5670:2018-05-25 5626:2019-05-17 5601:0691093814 5538:0691093814 5439:(2): 248. 5388:(2): 254. 5363:0691093814 5316:Götz Aly, 5303:2016-06-10 5246:0521612772 5218:2019-05-15 5193:2019-05-14 5168:2019-05-14 5143:2019-05-14 5118:2019-05-15 5075:2018-06-28 4981:2018-05-24 4952:2018-06-18 4927:2018-05-24 4902:2018-05-24 4868:2019-05-15 4834:3423330074 4789:2013-06-02 4778:192963160X 4648:4 December 4558:2022-05-29 4428:0199646538 4392:2022-03-14 4260:2022-03-14 4210:2020-09-19 4139:2020-10-31 4081:2020-10-31 4070:0801864933 3669:war crimes 3661:Hans Frank 3499:Hans Frank 3270:Resistance 3226:Reichsbahn 3206:Treuhänder 3017:Reichsgaue 2952:Rava-Ruska 2930:Breschan ( 2815:, Rehden ( 2809:Krasnystaw 2801:Hrubieszow 2750:, Tarnau ( 2726:, Meekow ( 2679:Stadtkreis 2634:), Minsk ( 2626:, Grojec ( 2609:Warschau ( 2578:Barbarossa 2529:, and the 2498:See also: 2462:Pabst Plan 2357:Homecoming 2186:1,080,000 2112:2,050,000 2099:June 1941 2042:Number of 1724:Ukrainians 1492:Südpreußen 1484:Ostpreußen 1465:Wartheland 1366:Hans Frank 1335:Reichsgaue 1255:Reichsgau 1217:Pflugstadt 1171:Hans Frank 1148:Wartheland 1094:Lebensraum 1066:war crimes 1058:Hans Frank 1018:rump state 1010:Hans Frank 972:Wartheland 964:Reichsgaue 960:Lebensraum 936:Ribbentrop 895:up to the 862:Hans Frank 753:Hans Frank 669:, renamed 643:, renamed 584:after the 377:Reichsmark 217:Hans Frank 189:Government 171:(official) 9391:Memorials 9288:Aftermath 9055:Treblinka 9010:Auschwitz 8865:Treblinka 8850:Białystok 8838:Uprisings 8618:Treblinka 8463:Personnel 8231:Otto Moll 8221:Hans Koch 8073:Amon Göth 7804:Action T4 7768:Sosnowiec 7738:Nowy Sącz 7673:Białystok 7640:Szczuczyn 7588:Erntefest 7578:Bydgoszcz 7563:Białystok 7478:Treblinka 7354:Lithuania 7238:Nordstern 7222:Edelweiss 7130:Turkestan 7120:Don-Volga 7020:Turkestan 6970:Cossackia 6909:Macedonia 6869:Lithuania 6774:Ljubljana 6659:Bialystok 6644:Districts 6308:Carinthia 6201:Weser-Ems 6191:Thuringia 6161:Pomerania 6146:Moselland 6101:Franconia 5747:(1999) . 5562:305208240 5461:145343274 5418:145343274 5402:0008-9389 5339:305208240 4852:Judenjagd 4808:ignored ( 4798:cite book 4721:(1998) . 4695:0084-3296 4100:ignored ( 4090:cite book 4032:page 268. 4019:Citations 3974:, or the 3790:Home Army 3621:Treblinka 3613:Action T4 3533:Auschwitz 3458:Education 3452:Wehrmacht 3429:of 1944. 3370:Home Army 3363:Home Army 3289:does not 3264:inelastic 3247:Waffen-SS 3156:Baudienst 3150:Economics 2940:Drohobycz 2918:Lviv/Lwów 2916:Lemberg ( 2869:Jedrzejow 2795:, Cholm ( 2736:Nowy Sącz 2732:Nowy Targ 2710:Dembitz ( 2652:Sochaczew 2531:Distrikt 2524:Distrikt 2517:Distrikt 2510:Distrikt 2506:Distrikte 2328:newsreels 2251:at once." 2055:Wehrmacht 2044:Wehrmacht 1934:Warthegau 1907:Gauleiter 1822:Baudienst 1592:Regierung 1518:Wolhynien 1470:Schlesien 1299:) in the 1266:San river 1199:Zamojskie 1144:Rhineland 1098:Wehrbauer 998:Nebenland 917:Lithuania 897:Bug River 846:Restpolen 689:Drohobycz 681:Drohobycz 672:Stanislau 613:Wehrmacht 588:in 1795. 518:Ukrainian 179:Ukrainian 72:1939–1945 9234:Zyklon B 9050:Trawniki 9045:Stutthof 9030:Majdanek 7778:Tarnopol 7718:Lubartów 7630:Jedwabne 7533:Trawniki 7523:Stutthof 7513:Potulice 7456:Majdanek 7374:Slovakia 7231:Proposed 7212:Holzauge 7115:Caucasia 7108:Proposed 7046:Brittany 7039:Proposed 7030:Wallonia 7015:Slovakia 6965:Bulgaria 6939:Wallonia 6929:Slovakia 6844:Flanders 6726:Slovakia 6675:Brussels 6668:Proposed 6634:Zichenau 6604:Lorraine 6552:Lombardy 6535:Proposed 6423:Westland 6413:Wallonia 6393:Nordmark 6388:Gothland 6378:Flanders 6373:Burgundy 6351:Proposed 6323:Salzburg 6230:Proposed 6216:Westmark 6156:NSDAP/AO 6061:Bayreuth 6038:Altreich 5825:Archived 5806:18 April 5800:Archived 5693:Archived 5664:Archived 5620:Archived 5558:ProQuest 5554:ProQuest 5335:ProQuest 5331:ProQuest 5212:Archived 5187:Archived 5162:Archived 5137:Archived 5112:Archived 5092:Archived 5069:Archived 5049:Archived 5031:Archived 5013:14 March 5004:Archived 4896:Archived 4862:Archived 4783:Archived 4734:Archived 4552:Archived 4548:41036740 4456:Archived 4430:, p. 139 4386:Archived 4297:Archived 4254:Archived 4204:Archived 4133:Archived 4075:Archived 4035:Archived 3908:See also 3645:genocide 3557:Heydrich 3318:May 2018 3182:Młynarki 3057:Germans 2972:Zolochiv 2968:Tarnopol 2948:Kolomyia 2936:Czortków 2932:Brzeżany 2885:Radomsko 2793:Bilgoraj 2740:Przemyśl 2716:Jarosław 2691:Krakau ( 2624:Garwolin 2512:Warschau 2419:szczekać 2379:Theaters 2352:Heimkehr 2168:570,000 2162:500,000 2154:620,000 2148:550,000 2140:510,000 2134:450,000 2126:350,000 2120:300,000 2094:470,000 2088:400,000 2080:630,000 2074:550,000 1877:(German) 1871:(German) 1835:Policing 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