20:
135:
937:
223:. Gen'yōsha militant Kurushima Tsuneki attempted to kill Ōkuma by throwing a bomb under his carriage. After the bomb detonated, and apparently believing he had succeeded, Kurushima bowed and killed himself by stabbing himself twice in the neck. Ōkuma survived, and his left leg was amputated at the hip following two operations.
284:
established a large network of brothels across China (and later throughout
Southeast Asia) to provide meeting locations, and also to gather information. In addition to being a profitable side-business, the brothels provided opportunities to gather useful information for the later
154:(2) love your home region and (3) firmly defend and protect the people's rights. However, its true agenda was to agitate for Japanese military expansion and conquest of the Asian continent. The true agenda was reflected in its new name of
777:
289:
or subversion of patrons. However, although blackmail and bribery were often resorted to, more often information was obtained by employing prostitutes highly skilled in extracting information from their clients. The
261:
sent over 100 men into China to gather information and to infiltrate these secret societies. One of the first and most detailed histories of the secret societies was written by
208:
and several other
Autonomy and People's Rights Movement groups simultaneously attempted to overthrow the Meiji oligarchs in uprisings inside Japan, China, and Korea.
460:
did not want
Emperor Meiji's power to expand and in 1881 the organization's position was simply that the imperial household should be respected. Writing in 1935,
778:"[FICTION VS. HISTORY] The fact and fiction in 'Mr. Sunshine' : Historical sweep is captured but some anachronisms and motivations irk viewers"
982:
495:
was the forerunner of a number of organizations which inherited and developed its ideology. It also set the stage for the post-World War II ties between
280:
not only provided funds and weapons to the secret societies, but also arranged for refuge in Japan for leaders targeted by the Qing government. The
480:
1002:
99:, it agitated for a return to the old feudal Japanese order with special privileges and government stipends for the samurai class. The
544:
Part of its role in Korean history (and its methods for gathering information) is fictionalised in the 2018 South Korean TV series,
957:
425:
emerged from its ranks. It continued to exert considerable influence on the politics and foreign policy of Japan until the end of
476:
197:
119:
437:
967:
648:
546:
987:
977:
871:
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413:, but had evolved almost to the mainstream of Japanese politics. A number of cabinet ministers and members of the
919:
894:
845:
822:
697:
602:
227:
249:, some of which were very hostile to Japan. However, the Chinese secret societies had a shared goal with the
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863:
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was primarily a political organization that often used criminal means to attain its goals, and was not a
997:
972:
326:
941:
19:
855:
837:
349:
151:
860:
Die Thule-Gesellschaft und die Kokuryûkai: Geheimgesellschaften im global-historischen
Vergleich
329:, knowing that the uprising was likely to draw China and Japan into a war. The assassination of
564:
361:
357:
174:
992:
640:
30:(first row, second from right) on a meeting of the Dark/Black Ocean Society (Gen'yosha), 1929
782:
559:
48:
8:
751:
683:
235:
353:
201:
134:
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The Whites are
Enemies of Heaven: Climate Caucasianism and Asian Ecological Protection
371:
s extensive intelligence gathering network throughout East Asia to be invaluable. The
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911:
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was prepared to use to achieve its goals were also far from peaceful. It began as a
92:
23:
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689:
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108:
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391:
182:
68:
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422:
185:
to assist in its campaigns of violence and assassination against foreigners and
410:
216:
96:
64:
16:
Influential Pan-Asianist group and secret society active in the Empire of Japan
418:
234:
mounted a campaign of intimidation and violence with the tacit support of the
951:
886:
672:
Harries, Soldiers of the Sun, The Rise and Fall of the
Imperial Japanese Army
414:
246:
27:
342:
456:. Academic Mark W. Driscoll writes that even that text recognizes that the
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387:
254:
60:
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established a task force to prepare detailed topographical survey maps of
104:
299:
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159:
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changed its direction again. The
February 1881 founding charter of the
123:
399:
330:
286:
116:
88:
663:
Victor, The Pearl Harbor Myth, Rethinking the
Unthinkable, page 128
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270:
715:
Modern Japan: An
Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism
295:
84:
122:, and formed a political organization to agitate for a national
936:
501:
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were known members, and mainstream political leaders, such as
398:("Greater Japan Production Party") to combat the influence of
321:
in secret, in anticipation of a future
Japanese invasion. The
265:
member Hiraya Amane, who assisted in the establishment of the
834:
A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present
338:
318:
310:
163:
115:
in 1877, it abandoned its original goals, joined the pro-
520:
political and social philosophies, and although many of
348:
Originally ignored by the Japanese military, during the
337:
members, at the instigation of the Japanese Minister in
375:
network was also useful for the military in conducting
333:
of Korea in 1895 is believed to have been conducted by
294:
even established a training school for such agents in
177:, and although it continued to recruit disaffected ex-
103:
participated in the various ex-samurai uprisings in
438:
American authorities during the Occupation of Japan
475:was considered to be an ultranationalist group by
883:The Pearl Harbor Myth, Rethinking the Unthinkable
949:
481:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
52:
129:
775:
83:by Hiraoka Kotarō (1851–1906), a wealthy ex-
74:
983:Secret societies related to organized crime
382:After the annexation of Korea in 1910, the
712:
238:to influence the outcome of the election.
219:revision plan drafted by foreign minister
448:The primary English-language text on the
87:and mine-owner, with mining interests in
907:The Enemy Within, A History of Espionage
634:
590:The Enemy Within, A History of Espionage
181:, it also attracted figures involved in
150:described its ideals as (1) respect the
133:
18:
903:
586:
950:
880:
831:
536:itself, as some authors have claimed.
409:was far removed from its origins as a
854:
539:
386:continued to support efforts towards
198:Autonomy and People's Rights Movement
717:. Taylor & Francis. p. 21.
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
582:
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120:Freedom and People's Rights Movement
806:
681:
111:, but after the suppression of the
13:
752:"Yakuza: la mafia del Sol Levante"
241:One of the primary targets of the
162:strait which separates Japan from
95:, and other former samurai of the
14:
1014:
1003:Far-right terrorist organizations
929:
611:
577:
935:
253:in wanting the overthrow of the
958:Politics of the Empire of Japan
800:
379:activities behind enemy lines.
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666:
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443:
1:
737:玄洋社社史編纂会 1977 『玄洋社社史』近代資料出版会=
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405:Towards its later years, the
968:1879 establishments in Japan
390:. Domestically, it formed a
325:also actively supported the
7:
988:Far-right politics in Japan
776:Oh Young-jin (2018-10-14).
553:
130:Foundation as the Gen'yōsha
53:
10:
1019:
864:Königshausen & Neumann
713:L. Huffman, James (1998).
635:Driscoll, Mark W. (2020).
978:Japanese secret societies
486:
196:was a major force in the
75:Foundation as the Koyōsha
44:
904:Crowdey, George (2006).
758:(in Italian). 2018-08-08
587:Crowdey, George (2006).
524:members were drawn from
468:were not nationalistic.
402:in worker trade unions.
327:Donghak Peasant Movement
269:Chinese headquarters in
247:Chinese secret societies
236:Matsukata administration
215:strongly criticized the
36:Dark/Black Ocean Society
881:Victor, George (2005).
838:Oxford University Press
832:Gordon, Andrew (2003).
350:First Sino-Japanese War
565:Cherry Blossom Society
464:stated that the early
452:presents the group as
362:Imperial Japanese Navy
358:Imperial Japanese Army
175:terrorist organization
169:The tactics which the
139:
31:
885:. Lincoln, Nebraska:
741:(written in Japanese)
641:Duke University Press
436:was disbanded by the
137:
22:
944:at Wikimedia Commons
807:Min, Anchee (2003).
783:Korea JoongAng Daily
682:Min, Anchee (2003).
560:Black Dragon Society
477:General Headquarters
138:A Gen'yōsha memorial
963:Japanese militarism
739:History of Genyosha
396:Dai Nippon Seisantō
187:liberal politicians
59:was an influential
540:In popular fiction
454:ultranationalistic
354:Russo-Japanese War
305:Another sphere of
200:. During the 1885
158:, taken after the
140:
107:against the early
32:
998:Politics of Korea
973:Meiji Restoration
940:Media related to
912:Osprey Publishing
650:978-1-4780-1121-7
595:Osprey Publishing
113:Satsuma Rebellion
1010:
939:
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851:
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815:Houghton Mifflin
810:The Last Empress
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690:Houghton Mifflin
685:The Last Empress
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512:Although modern
507:crime syndicates
499:politicians and
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228:election of 1892
109:Meiji government
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46:
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692:. p. 203.
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392:political party
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221:Ōkuma Shigenobu
183:organized crime
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79:Founded as the
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69:Empire of Japan
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12:
11:
5:
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930:External links
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411:secret society
259:Mitsuru Tōyama
245:were the many
217:unequal treaty
202:Osaka incident
152:imperial house
131:
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97:Fukuoka Domain
93:Tōyama Mitsuru
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67:active in the
65:secret society
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28:Kodama Yoshio
25:
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993:Pan-Asianism
906:
882:
862:. Würzburg:
859:
856:Jacob, Frank
833:
809:
801:Bibliography
787:. Retrieved
781:
771:
760:. Retrieved
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427:World War II
423:Nakano Seigō
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388:Pan-Asianism
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61:Pan-Asianist
35:
33:
547:Mr Sunshine
528:ranks, the
522:Gen'yōsha's
518:Gen'yōsha's
444:Nationalism
419:Hirota Kōki
394:called the
356:, both the
267:Gen'yōsha's
257:. In 1881,
952:Categories
921:1841769339
910:. Oxford:
896:1597970425
847:0195110617
836:. Oxford:
824:0618531467
813:. Boston:
789:2023-07-03
762:2020-10-16
699:0618531467
688:. Boston:
639:. Durham:
604:1841769339
593:. Oxford:
571:References
505:organized
497:right-wing
364:found the
343:Miura Gorō
160:Genkainada
124:parliament
63:group and
26:(center),
530:Gen'yōsha
493:Gen'yōsha
473:Gen'yōsha
466:Gen'yōsha
458:Gen'yōsha
450:Gen'yōsha
434:Gen'yōsha
407:Gen'yōsha
400:socialism
384:Gen'yōsha
373:Gen'yōsha
366:Gen'yōsha
335:Gen'yosha
331:Queen Min
323:Gen'yōsha
315:Gen'yōsha
307:Gen'yōsha
292:Gen'yōsha
287:blackmail
282:Gen'yosha
278:Gen'yōsha
263:Gen'yōsha
251:Gen'yōsha
243:Gen'yōsha
232:Gen'yōsha
213:Gen'yōsha
206:Gen'yōsha
194:Gen'yōsha
171:Gen'yōsha
156:Gen'yōsha
148:Gen'yōsha
126:instead.
117:democracy
89:Manchuria
54:Gen'yōsha
942:Genyosha
858:(2012).
554:See also
377:sabotage
300:Hokkaidō
271:Hangzhou
41:Japanese
756:L'Indro
479:in the
296:Sapporo
226:In the
179:samurai
144:Koyōsha
101:Koyōsha
85:samurai
81:Koyōsha
49:Hepburn
918:
893:
870:
844:
821:
721:
696:
647:
601:
534:yakuza
526:yakuza
514:yakuza
502:yakuza
487:Legacy
313:. The
230:, the
204:, the
105:Kyūshū
369:'
339:Seoul
319:Korea
311:Korea
164:Korea
916:ISBN
891:ISBN
868:ISBN
842:ISBN
819:ISBN
719:ISBN
694:ISBN
645:ISBN
599:ISBN
491:The
471:The
432:The
421:and
360:and
352:and
276:The
192:The
34:The
298:in
45:玄洋社
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889:.
866:.
840:.
817:.
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754:.
643:.
613:^
597:.
579:^
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483:.
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341:,
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273:.
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166:.
91:,
71:.
51::
47:,
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792:.
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727:.
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653:.
607:.
57:)
39:(
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