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In the 1930s, he was considered as a superpatriot by a large section of the
Japanese public, including the military. In 1932, after the assassination of several "liberal" political figures, and following rumors that then Premier Saito and others were to be assassinated in turn, the government had
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Although Tōyama remained a private citizen all his life, he was known as the "Shadow Shogun," "Spymaster," and "The Boss of Bosses," because of his tremendous covert influence on the nationalist politics and the
214:, making detailed topographic maps, scouting out Chinese and Korean military installations and deployment, and arranging for logistic support. Along with
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began in 1911, he went to China in person as an advisor and to personally oversee
Genyosha activities and to provide assistance to Sun Yat-sen.
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Following the
Chinese revolution, Tōyama officially retired, and apparently refused to play an active role in the
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Tōyama's house raided and searched, and his son arrested - leading to a momentary pacification of the situation.
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322:. Tōyama was a charismatic, complex, and controversial figure in his lifetime, and remains so to this day.
262:. He remained an influential behind-the-scenes figure in Japanese politics during the following years.
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required Tōyama and his friend in
Japanese government give support to National Revolutionary Army.
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announced that funeral services lasting more than three hours were held for him in Tokyo.
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movement in 1903. He also supported the
Chinese republican revolutionaries against the
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provided interpreters and guides to the regular
Japanese army after their invasion.
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314:). Despite his ultranationalism, Tōyama was paradoxically on good terms with
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467:, San Bernardino, California, Thursday 12 October 1944, Volume 51, page 11.
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crime syndicates. He also wrote an influential book on the "Three Shu" (
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Obituary; Oct 6, 1944, The New York Times pg. 23 Joseph C. Grew,
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Japan, Race and
Equality: The Racial Equality Proposal of 1919
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Associated Press, "State
Funeral Given Black Dragon Chief",
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The Way of Judo: A Portrait of Jigoro Kano and His
Students
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Tōyama was a strong supporter of
Japanese control over
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Tōyama (left) with his friends, future Prime Minister
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The Estrangement of Great Britain and Japan, 1917-35
183:Tōyama was both a founder and one-time head of the
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145:were implicated in the attempted assassination of
122:In 1881, Tōyama became one of the founders of the
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65:politician who founded secret societies called
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291:Grave of Toyama Mitsuru and his wife in Tokyo
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130:. The society attracted disaffected ex-
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436:. Manchester University Press. p.
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218:operatives in Korea and Manchuria, the
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325:He died in 1944 at his summer home on
192:Immediately prior to the start of the
428:Kennedy, Malcolm Duncan, ed. (1969).
55:, 27 May 1855 – 5 October 1944)
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283:Grave of Toyama Mitsuru in Fukuoka
168:(center), future generalissimo of
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239:and gave considerable support to
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266:Influence in nationalist Japan
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156:Covert government cooperation
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465:The San Bernardino Daily Sun
401:Shimazu, Naoko, ed. (1998).
210:prior to the arrival of the
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374:Stevens, John, ed. (2013).
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521:Burials at Aoyama Cemetery
141:. In 1889, Tōyama and the
101:Tōyama was born to a poor
89:and a strong proponent of
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206:force that operated in
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23:, Tōyama Mitsuru &
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212:Imperial Japanese Army
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501:Japanese politicians
354:Black Dragon Society
252:Black Dragon Society
186:Black Dragon Society
82:Black Dragon Society
506:People from Fukuoka
331:Shizuoka Prefecture
72:Black Ocean Society
476:Ten years in Japan
452:Ten years in Japan
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245:Chinese revolution
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333:, at the base of
316:Onisaburo Deguchi
170:Republic of China
85:). Tōyama was an
63:ultra nationalist
21:Onisaburo Deguchi
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450:Joseph C. Grew,
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150:Ōkuma Shigenobu
128:Asian continent
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57:was a Japanese
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109:Fukuoka City
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496:1944 deaths
491:1855 births
341:Radio Tokyo
256:Kokuryu-Kai
243:. When the
241:Sun Yat-sen
139:politicians
485:Categories
361:References
335:Mount Fuji
107:family in
97:Early life
77:Kokuryukai
227:Manchuria
136:left-wing
119:of 1874.
59:far right
347:See also
320:pacifist
260:Genyosha
220:Tenyukyo
216:Genyosha
199:Tenyukyo
143:Genyosha
124:Genyosha
67:Genyosha
30:In this
327:Gotemba
132:samurai
104:samurai
36:surname
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310:, and
299:yakuza
275:Legacy
113:Kyūshū
75:) and
40:Tōyama
34:, the
208:Korea
409:ISBN
382:ISBN
61:and
52:頭山 満
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
